grithn.

/ɡrɪθ/

Forms: α. Old English–Middle English griþ, Middle English gryþ, gryt, Orm. griþþ, Middle English grit, gryht, grid, Middle English gryth, Middle English–1600s grithe, (Middle English grythe, greth, gryethe, gryght(e), Middle English– grith. β. Scottish and northernMiddle English–1500s, 1800s gyrth, Middle English–1800s girth, (Middle English girthe, 1500s gyrthe, gyrtht).

Origin: A borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymon: Norse grið.

Etymology: Old English grið, < Old Norse grið neuter, originally domicile, home; in plural, truce, peace, pardon; hence, sanctuary, asylum.

Obsolete exc. Historical.

†1. Guaranteed security; protection, defence; safe conduct. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > [noun] > safety or security > guaranteed security

frithc893

grithc1000

king's handgrithOE

c1000 Laws of Cnut i. c. 2 §1 in Schmid Gesetze 250 Ælc cirice is mid rihte on Cristes agenum griðe, and ælc cristenman ah micele þearfe, þæt he on þam griðe micele mæðe wite, forþam Godes grið is ealra griða selost to geearnianne and geornost to healdenne, and þær nehst cyninges.

c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 34 Erles & barons þat wer in þe land, So wele were þei chastised, alle com tille his grith.

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 3899 Defende we vs douȝtili or we deiȝen sone; þer goþ non oþer griþ, it geineþ nouȝt to flene.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 492 Þas oþer gastes þat fell him wiht þe quilk for-sok godds grith.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 7517 Ga þan..in godds grith, þat he-self ai be þe with.

c1425 Wyntoun Cron. vii. Prol. 27 Than suld I..wyn, till succoure me fra blame, The gyrth of excusatyowne.

c1440 York Myst. xvii. 150 To come and goo I graunte yow grith.

c1450 J. Myrc Instr. to Par. Priests 1693 Agayn enuye loue ys gryth.

c1450 Robin Hood & Monk lxxxvi, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1888) III. v. 101/1 ‘I gaf hem grith’, seid oure kyng, ‘Thorowout all mery Inglond’.

1568 in Bannatyne MS. (Hunterian Club) 59 Sen that fra God your grace cummis all, Fra your regrait ye gif him girth.

a1600 (c1515) Flodden Field (Harl. 367) l. 266 in I. F. Baird Poems Stanley Family (D.Phil. thesis, Univ. of Birm.) (1990) 262 There shoulde nether be grythe [c1650 Percy grith] nor grace, But on a boughe he shoulde be hanged.

2. spec. in Anglo-Saxon Law. Security, peace, or protection guaranteed under particular limitations of time or place; as church grith n. (Old English ciric-grið), security within the precincts of a church; handgrith n. (Old English hand-grið), protection under the king's hand; after the Old English period used without qualification = church grith n. (occasionally kirkes grith), sanctuary. to take grith: to take sanctuary; hence gen., to take refuge or shelter.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > [noun] > safety or security > guaranteed security > with limits of time or place

gritha1000

a1000 Laws Edgar i. §5 Stande ælc cyricgriþ swa swa hit betst stod.

c1000 Laws of Æthelred viii. c. 1 in Schmid Gesetze 242 gif æfre ænig man..Godes ciric-grið swa abrece ðæt he binnon ciric-wagum man-slaga weorðe.

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 133 Understondeð..þe beoð iflowen to chirche grið for nis ower nan þet nes sumchere. godes þeof.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 11138 He hæhte ælcne mon chireche-grið [c1300 Otho cherch-griþ] halden.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 29250 Þe thride þat brekes kirkes grith.

1480 W. Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxxviii. (1482) 238 A Breton murthred a good wedowe..and after this he toke the grith [1520 gyrthe] of holy chirche.

1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) vii. l. 1047 Thai..To the kyrk rane, wend gyrth for till haiff tayne.

1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) ii. 44 He mysdid yar gretly but wer Yat gave na gyrth to ye awter.

1519 in J. Raine Sanctuarium Dunelmense et Sanctuarium Beverlacense (1837) 86 I aske gyrth for Godsake and Saint Cuthbert's.

c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) xiv. 93 Thai gart pausanias seruitur pas to the tempil to tak gyrtht and protectione as dois ane tresgressour.

1603 J. Stow Suruay of London (new ed.) 310 5. of his fellowship..took him [sc. a souldier prisoner] from the Officer, brought him into sanctuary, at the west dore of S. Martins church, and tooke grithe of that place.

1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth viii, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. I. 245 Three or four men..came this morning before day-light to ask the privilege of girth and sanctuary.

1872 E. W. Robertson Hist. Ess. 178 The Grith that ranked next after that which was given ‘from the king's own hand’ was ‘the grith which the ealderman and king's reeve give in the Assembly of the Five-Burghs’.

1892 Edinb. Rev. July 223 Charles availing himself of the law of grith or sanctuary, went down to Holyrood.

3. concrete. A place of protection; a sanctuary, asylum.Some of the earlier examples may belong to sense 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > [noun] > inviolable refuge, sanctuary, or asylum > an asylum or sanctuary

frithsoken1014

gritha1300

sanctuaryc1374

city of refuge (alsorefute)a1425

grith-placea1425

grith-stonea1425

grith-towna1425

asylumc1430

abbey1675

flemensfirth1805

a1300 Cursor Mundi 1778 Þe bestes ran þan to monetains..Well went þai to þar haue grith.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 8829 Þis tre þai tok þan o cipres, And did in wirscip and in pes, In þat hali temple grith.

1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) iv. 47 Ridin..Throw Ros rycht to ye gyrth off Tayne.

a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xx. 237 The house that he gose to grith, Ye shall felow and go hym with.

1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid ii. xii. 4 At the porchis or closter of Juno, Than all bot waist, thocht it was girth [L. asylo], stude..wardanes tway.

c1540 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. xiii. ii. f. 188/2 Quhiterne, quhare ane girth is dedicat in ye honour of sanct Niniane.

1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 108 Thy gyrth is set in sicker place, For he sall saif the mychtfullie.

1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1895) II. 219 Vinice, the commoune girth of al strangeris.

c1600 Diurnal of Remarkable Occurrents (1833) 13 The saidis seruandis wer tane furth of the girth of Torphichin.

1609 J. Skene tr. Stat. Robert II in Regiam Majestatem 49 He sall make securitie to the Schiref, anent that crime, before he pas furth of the immunitie, or girth, to the quhilk he did flie.

1774 T. Pennant Tour Scotl. 1772 251 The precinct of these tombs..enjoyed the privileges of a Girth or Sanctuary.

1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth iv, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. I. 107 So they are safe in girth and sanctuary.

†4. Peace (in the general sense). Often collocated in Old English and early Middle English with frith, in later Middle English with peace. Obsolete. †to make grith Obsolete = to make peace at peace n. 1a.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > peace > [noun]

grithc1000

saughtc1100

peacec1300

quietc1400

pax1564

scabbard1802

warlessness1928

society > society and the community > dissent > absence of dissension or peace > [noun]

sibeOE

grithc1000

saughtc1100

grithfulness?c1225

peacec1230

peaceablenessa1382

paxc1390

sweetness and light1927

society > armed hostility > peace > pacification > make peace [verb (intransitive)]

to make grithc1000

grith11..

to make peace?a1160

peasec1300

to inform the peace?a1400

to bury the hatchet1535

seal1596

pacificate1646

to beat swords into ploughshares1924

Locarnize1925

c1000 Battle of Maldon (Gr.) 35 We willað wið þam golde grið fæstnian.

11.. Anglo-Saxon Chron. anno 1002 (Laud) He þa þæs cynges worde & his witena grið wið hi gesætte.

11.. Anglo-Saxon Chron. anno 1011 Þonne nam man grið, and frið wið hi.

11.. Anglo-Saxon Chron. anno 1048 And geaf se cyng Godes grið and his fulne freondscipe on ægðre healfe.

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 45 Grið on eorðe, and grið on hefene, and grið bitwenen uwilc cristene monne.

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 79 Ierusalem bitacneð griþes sihþe.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 3520 O þatt keȝȝseress time. Þatt held wiþþ mikell griþþ. & friþþ Hiss kinedom onn eorþe.

a1225 (?OE) MS Vesp. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 243 Wið wam we ne muȝe grið ne sibbe macie.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 2013 Þa aræste here vnfriðe ouer-al me brac þene grið.

c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 61 Michel was svich a king to preyse, That held so Englond in grith.

a1310 Harrow. Hell (Harl.) 124 Y shal..do þe to holde gryht [other MSS. griþ].

c1330 Arth. & Merl. 4604 (Kölbing) He com..to speke him wiþ Mani word of loue and griþ.

a1400 Coer de L. 2234 She grette Kyng Richard in peace and gryth.

a1400 Octouian 1785 Yn France plenere pes Was cryde, and gryth.

c1450 Cov. Myst. (Shaks. Soc.) 7 This gle in grythe Is mater of myrthe.

a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. ix. 86 Byd hym go hastely..Amang youre folk..Your gyrth and peasse to cry.

†5. Quarter (in battle), as in to give grith. without(en) grith: no quarter being given; hence, without mercy, relentlessly. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > compassion > [noun] > mercy > quarter in battle

grith13..

quarter1611

the mind > emotion > compassion > pitilessness > [adverb] > mercilessly

unsparelya1225

without sparea1300

without(en) grith13..

mercilessc1425

unmercifully1536

mercilesslya1576

unsparinglya1631

inclemently1789

13.. Arth. & Merl. 1974 (Kölbing) Al, þat was þer ynne on lyue, Best and mon..His brente doun, wiþ owte gryth.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) l. 12055 Þai hate vs alle wiþ-oute griþ.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 7261 Þat hus he feld, gaf naman grith, And slogh his faas, him-self þar with.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 5545 Al þe knau barns þat þai fand Wit-outen grith þai suld þam sla.

a1400 Sir Perc. 1648 Bad hym ther he his fo fande, To gyff hym no grythe.

c1410 Sir Cleges 293 J schall the bette euery leth, Hede and body, wythout greth.

1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) iv. l. 664 He gat no gyrth for all his burnyst weid.

1572 (a1500) Taill of Rauf Coilȝear (1882) 839 Thair was na girth on the ground, quhill ane gaif the gaist.

6. Scottish. The cessation of the criminal courts during Christmas time and certain other seasons, in accordance with the granting of the king's peace to criminals. (Cf. Old Norse jóla-friðr, Swedish jula-friþer, etc.)

ΚΠ

c1575 in Balfour's Pract. (1754) 279 Gif he haldis the court in time forbiddin and defendit be the law, that is to say, fra ȝule grith be proclamit, quhill efter the halie dayis.

Compounds

attributive and in other combinations.

grith-man n. a man, esp. a criminal, who has taken sanctuary.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > [noun] > inviolable refuge, sanctuary, or asylum > one who has taken sanctuary

grith-man1342

sanctuary mana1513

1342 in T. Rymer Fœdera (1708) V. 328 Assignavimus, Magnificum Principem..Edwardum de Balliolo, Regem Scotiæ ad omnes Homines, vocatos Grithmen.

1458 in J. T. Fowler Acts Church SS. Peter & Wilfrid, Ripon (1875) 72 Confugæ sive gyrthmanii, citati ad allegandum causas racionabiles quare non debent puniri canonice propter eorum perjuria.

1468 in J. T. Fowler Acts Church SS. Peter & Wilfrid, Ripon (1875) 134 Nicholaus Yhonger, gyrthman, citatus est.

1779 D. Dalrymple Ann. Scotl. II. 211 (note) All persons who on account of felony had taken refuge in sanctuaries, were pardoned by royal proclamation, under condition of serving, at their own charges, in the army of Baliol (Fœdera, tom. V. p. 328). They are denominated Grith-men, i.e. Girth-men.

grith-priest n. a priest who ministered to those who took sanctuary.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > priest > kinds of priest > [noun] > offering sanctuary

grith-priest1391

1391 in J. T. Fowler Memorials Church SS. Peter & Wilfrid, Ripon (1888) III. 105 Domini Johannis vocati le Grithpreste.

grith-rod n. (see quot. 1875).

ΚΠ

1471 in J. T. Fowler Acts Church SS. Peter & Wilfrid, Ripon (1875) 151 Johannes Eksmyth, gyrthman, fecit finem ijs., applicatum fabricæ ecclesiæ pro portacione le gyrthrod.

1875 J. T. Fowler Acts Church SS. Peter & Wilfrid, Ripon (1875) Add. & Corrig. 383 It appears that these [Gyrthrods] were staves with banners, carried before the feretory at Rogation-tide by the Girthmen.

grith-place n. a place, stool, etc. at which sanctuary was taken.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > [noun] > inviolable refuge, sanctuary, or asylum > an asylum or sanctuary

frithsoken1014

gritha1300

sanctuaryc1374

city of refuge (alsorefute)a1425

grith-placea1425

grith-stonea1425

grith-towna1425

asylumc1430

abbey1675

flemensfirth1805

a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Deut. xix. 3 That he that is exilid for mansleyng haue of nyȝ [one MS. adds a grith place] whidur he may escape.

grith-stool n. = grith-place n.

ΚΠ

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Grithstole (i.e. Seat of Peace), a Sanctuary, or place of Refuge for Malefactors.

1728–1800 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. Gristole.

grith-stone n. = grith-place n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > [noun] > inviolable refuge, sanctuary, or asylum > an asylum or sanctuary

frithsoken1014

gritha1300

sanctuaryc1374

city of refuge (alsorefute)a1425

grith-placea1425

grith-stonea1425

grith-towna1425

asylumc1430

abbey1675

flemensfirth1805

a1425 ( in J. T. Fowler Memorials Church SS. Peter & Wilfrid, Ripon (1882) I. 51 Infra..locum qui vocatur Grythstane.

grith-town n. = grith-place n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > [noun] > inviolable refuge, sanctuary, or asylum > an asylum or sanctuary

frithsoken1014

gritha1300

sanctuaryc1374

city of refuge (alsorefute)a1425

grith-placea1425

grith-stonea1425

grith-towna1425

asylumc1430

abbey1675

flemensfirth1805

a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Deut. xix. 6 Lest..the next kynesman..pursue, and take hym, if the weie is lengere [some MSS. add fro the grith toun], and smyte the lijf of hym which is not gilti of deeth.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	grith
释义	grithn. /ɡrɪθ/ Forms: α. Old English–Middle English griþ, Middle English gryþ, gryt, Orm. griþþ, Middle English grit, gryht, grid, Middle English gryth, Middle English–1600s grithe, (Middle English grythe, greth, gryethe, gryght(e), Middle English– grith. β. Scottish and northernMiddle English–1500s, 1800s gyrth, Middle English–1800s girth, (Middle English girthe, 1500s gyrthe, gyrtht). Origin: A borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymon: Norse grið. Etymology: Old English grið, < Old Norse grið neuter, originally domicile, home; in plural, truce, peace, pardon; hence, sanctuary, asylum. Obsolete exc. Historical. †1. Guaranteed security; protection, defence; safe conduct. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > [noun] > safety or security > guaranteed security frithc893 grithc1000 king's handgrithOE c1000 Laws of Cnut i. c. 2 §1 in Schmid Gesetze 250 Ælc cirice is mid rihte on Cristes agenum griðe, and ælc cristenman ah micele þearfe, þæt he on þam griðe micele mæðe wite, forþam Godes grið is ealra griða selost to geearnianne and geornost to healdenne, and þær nehst cyninges. c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 34 Erles & barons þat wer in þe land, So wele were þei chastised, alle com tille his grith. a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 3899 Defende we vs douȝtili or we deiȝen sone; þer goþ non oþer griþ, it geineþ nouȝt to flene. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 492 Þas oþer gastes þat fell him wiht þe quilk for-sok godds grith. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 7517 Ga þan..in godds grith, þat he-self ai be þe with. c1425 Wyntoun Cron. vii. Prol. 27 Than suld I..wyn, till succoure me fra blame, The gyrth of excusatyowne. c1440 York Myst. xvii. 150 To come and goo I graunte yow grith. c1450 J. Myrc Instr. to Par. Priests 1693 Agayn enuye loue ys gryth. c1450 Robin Hood & Monk lxxxvi, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1888) III. v. 101/1 ‘I gaf hem grith’, seid oure kyng, ‘Thorowout all mery Inglond’. 1568 in Bannatyne MS. (Hunterian Club) 59 Sen that fra God your grace cummis all, Fra your regrait ye gif him girth. a1600 (c1515) Flodden Field (Harl. 367) l. 266 in I. F. Baird Poems Stanley Family (D.Phil. thesis, Univ. of Birm.) (1990) 262 There shoulde nether be grythe [c1650 Percy grith] nor grace, But on a boughe he shoulde be hanged. 2. spec. in Anglo-Saxon Law. Security, peace, or protection guaranteed under particular limitations of time or place; as church grith n. (Old English ciric-grið), security within the precincts of a church; handgrith n. (Old English hand-grið), protection under the king's hand; after the Old English period used without qualification = church grith n. (occasionally kirkes grith), sanctuary. to take grith: to take sanctuary; hence gen., to take refuge or shelter. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > [noun] > safety or security > guaranteed security > with limits of time or place gritha1000 a1000 Laws Edgar i. §5 Stande ælc cyricgriþ swa swa hit betst stod. c1000 Laws of Æthelred viii. c. 1 in Schmid Gesetze 242 gif æfre ænig man..Godes ciric-grið swa abrece ðæt he binnon ciric-wagum man-slaga weorðe. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 133 Understondeð..þe beoð iflowen to chirche grið for nis ower nan þet nes sumchere. godes þeof. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 11138 He hæhte ælcne mon chireche-grið [c1300 Otho cherch-griþ] halden. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 29250 Þe thride þat brekes kirkes grith. 1480 W. Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxxviii. (1482) 238 A Breton murthred a good wedowe..and after this he toke the grith [1520 gyrthe] of holy chirche. 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) vii. l. 1047 Thai..To the kyrk rane, wend gyrth for till haiff tayne. 1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) ii. 44 He mysdid yar gretly but wer Yat gave na gyrth to ye awter. 1519 in J. Raine Sanctuarium Dunelmense et Sanctuarium Beverlacense (1837) 86 I aske gyrth for Godsake and Saint Cuthbert's. c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) xiv. 93 Thai gart pausanias seruitur pas to the tempil to tak gyrtht and protectione as dois ane tresgressour. 1603 J. Stow Suruay of London (new ed.) 310 5. of his fellowship..took him [sc. a souldier prisoner] from the Officer, brought him into sanctuary, at the west dore of S. Martins church, and tooke grithe of that place. 1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth viii, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. I. 245 Three or four men..came this morning before day-light to ask the privilege of girth and sanctuary. 1872 E. W. Robertson Hist. Ess. 178 The Grith that ranked next after that which was given ‘from the king's own hand’ was ‘the grith which the ealderman and king's reeve give in the Assembly of the Five-Burghs’. 1892 Edinb. Rev. July 223 Charles availing himself of the law of grith or sanctuary, went down to Holyrood. 3. concrete. A place of protection; a sanctuary, asylum.Some of the earlier examples may belong to sense 1. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > [noun] > inviolable refuge, sanctuary, or asylum > an asylum or sanctuary frithsoken1014 gritha1300 sanctuaryc1374 city of refuge (alsorefute)a1425 grith-placea1425 grith-stonea1425 grith-towna1425 asylumc1430 abbey1675 flemensfirth1805 a1300 Cursor Mundi 1778 Þe bestes ran þan to monetains..Well went þai to þar haue grith. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 8829 Þis tre þai tok þan o cipres, And did in wirscip and in pes, In þat hali temple grith. 1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) iv. 47 Ridin..Throw Ros rycht to ye gyrth off Tayne. a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xx. 237 The house that he gose to grith, Ye shall felow and go hym with. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid ii. xii. 4 At the porchis or closter of Juno, Than all bot waist, thocht it was girth [L. asylo], stude..wardanes tway. c1540 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. xiii. ii. f. 188/2 Quhiterne, quhare ane girth is dedicat in ye honour of sanct Niniane. 1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 108 Thy gyrth is set in sicker place, For he sall saif the mychtfullie. 1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1895) II. 219 Vinice, the commoune girth of al strangeris. c1600 Diurnal of Remarkable Occurrents (1833) 13 The saidis seruandis wer tane furth of the girth of Torphichin. 1609 J. Skene tr. Stat. Robert II in Regiam Majestatem 49 He sall make securitie to the Schiref, anent that crime, before he pas furth of the immunitie, or girth, to the quhilk he did flie. 1774 T. Pennant Tour Scotl. 1772 251 The precinct of these tombs..enjoyed the privileges of a Girth or Sanctuary. 1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth iv, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. I. 107 So they are safe in girth and sanctuary. †4. Peace (in the general sense). Often collocated in Old English and early Middle English with frith, in later Middle English with peace. Obsolete. †to make grith Obsolete = to make peace at peace n. 1a. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > peace > [noun] grithc1000 saughtc1100 peacec1300 quietc1400 pax1564 scabbard1802 warlessness1928 society > society and the community > dissent > absence of dissension or peace > [noun] sibeOE grithc1000 saughtc1100 grithfulness?c1225 peacec1230 peaceablenessa1382 paxc1390 sweetness and light1927 society > armed hostility > peace > pacification > make peace [verb (intransitive)] to make grithc1000 grith11.. to make peace?a1160 peasec1300 to inform the peace?a1400 to bury the hatchet1535 seal1596 pacificate1646 to beat swords into ploughshares1924 Locarnize1925 c1000 Battle of Maldon (Gr.) 35 We willað wið þam golde grið fæstnian. 11.. Anglo-Saxon Chron. anno 1002 (Laud) He þa þæs cynges worde & his witena grið wið hi gesætte. 11.. Anglo-Saxon Chron. anno 1011 Þonne nam man grið, and frið wið hi. 11.. Anglo-Saxon Chron. anno 1048 And geaf se cyng Godes grið and his fulne freondscipe on ægðre healfe. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 45 Grið on eorðe, and grið on hefene, and grið bitwenen uwilc cristene monne. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 79 Ierusalem bitacneð griþes sihþe. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 3520 O þatt keȝȝseress time. Þatt held wiþþ mikell griþþ. & friþþ Hiss kinedom onn eorþe. a1225 (?OE) MS Vesp. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 243 Wið wam we ne muȝe grið ne sibbe macie. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 2013 Þa aræste here vnfriðe ouer-al me brac þene grið. c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 61 Michel was svich a king to preyse, That held so Englond in grith. a1310 Harrow. Hell (Harl.) 124 Y shal..do þe to holde gryht [other MSS. griþ]. c1330 Arth. & Merl. 4604 (Kölbing) He com..to speke him wiþ Mani word of loue and griþ. a1400 Coer de L. 2234 She grette Kyng Richard in peace and gryth. a1400 Octouian 1785 Yn France plenere pes Was cryde, and gryth. c1450 Cov. Myst. (Shaks. Soc.) 7 This gle in grythe Is mater of myrthe. a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. ix. 86 Byd hym go hastely..Amang youre folk..Your gyrth and peasse to cry. †5. Quarter (in battle), as in to give grith. without(en) grith: no quarter being given; hence, without mercy, relentlessly. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > compassion > [noun] > mercy > quarter in battle grith13.. quarter1611 the mind > emotion > compassion > pitilessness > [adverb] > mercilessly unsparelya1225 without sparea1300 without(en) grith13.. mercilessc1425 unmercifully1536 mercilesslya1576 unsparinglya1631 inclemently1789 13.. Arth. & Merl. 1974 (Kölbing) Al, þat was þer ynne on lyue, Best and mon..His brente doun, wiþ owte gryth. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) l. 12055 Þai hate vs alle wiþ-oute griþ. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 7261 Þat hus he feld, gaf naman grith, And slogh his faas, him-self þar with. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 5545 Al þe knau barns þat þai fand Wit-outen grith þai suld þam sla. a1400 Sir Perc. 1648 Bad hym ther he his fo fande, To gyff hym no grythe. c1410 Sir Cleges 293 J schall the bette euery leth, Hede and body, wythout greth. 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) iv. l. 664 He gat no gyrth for all his burnyst weid. 1572 (a1500) Taill of Rauf Coilȝear (1882) 839 Thair was na girth on the ground, quhill ane gaif the gaist. 6. Scottish. The cessation of the criminal courts during Christmas time and certain other seasons, in accordance with the granting of the king's peace to criminals. (Cf. Old Norse jóla-friðr, Swedish jula-friþer, etc.) ΚΠ c1575 in Balfour's Pract. (1754) 279 Gif he haldis the court in time forbiddin and defendit be the law, that is to say, fra ȝule grith be proclamit, quhill efter the halie dayis. Compounds attributive and in other combinations. grith-man n. a man, esp. a criminal, who has taken sanctuary. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > [noun] > inviolable refuge, sanctuary, or asylum > one who has taken sanctuary grith-man1342 sanctuary mana1513 1342 in T. Rymer Fœdera (1708) V. 328 Assignavimus, Magnificum Principem..Edwardum de Balliolo, Regem Scotiæ ad omnes Homines, vocatos Grithmen. 1458 in J. T. Fowler Acts Church SS. Peter & Wilfrid, Ripon (1875) 72 Confugæ sive gyrthmanii, citati ad allegandum causas racionabiles quare non debent puniri canonice propter eorum perjuria. 1468 in J. T. Fowler Acts Church SS. Peter & Wilfrid, Ripon (1875) 134 Nicholaus Yhonger, gyrthman, citatus est. 1779 D. Dalrymple Ann. Scotl. II. 211 (note) All persons who on account of felony had taken refuge in sanctuaries, were pardoned by royal proclamation, under condition of serving, at their own charges, in the army of Baliol (Fœdera, tom. V. p. 328). They are denominated Grith-men, i.e. Girth-men. grith-priest n. a priest who ministered to those who took sanctuary. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > priest > kinds of priest > [noun] > offering sanctuary grith-priest1391 1391 in J. T. Fowler Memorials Church SS. Peter & Wilfrid, Ripon (1888) III. 105 Domini Johannis vocati le Grithpreste. grith-rod n. (see quot. 1875). ΚΠ 1471 in J. T. Fowler Acts Church SS. Peter & Wilfrid, Ripon (1875) 151 Johannes Eksmyth, gyrthman, fecit finem ijs., applicatum fabricæ ecclesiæ pro portacione le gyrthrod. 1875 J. T. Fowler Acts Church SS. Peter & Wilfrid, Ripon (1875) Add. & Corrig. 383 It appears that these [Gyrthrods] were staves with banners, carried before the feretory at Rogation-tide by the Girthmen. grith-place n. a place, stool, etc. at which sanctuary was taken. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > [noun] > inviolable refuge, sanctuary, or asylum > an asylum or sanctuary frithsoken1014 gritha1300 sanctuaryc1374 city of refuge (alsorefute)a1425 grith-placea1425 grith-stonea1425 grith-towna1425 asylumc1430 abbey1675 flemensfirth1805 a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Deut. xix. 3 That he that is exilid for mansleyng haue of nyȝ [one MS. adds a grith place] whidur he may escape. grith-stool n. = grith-place n. ΚΠ 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Grithstole (i.e. Seat of Peace), a Sanctuary, or place of Refuge for Malefactors. 1728–1800 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. Gristole. grith-stone n. = grith-place n. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > [noun] > inviolable refuge, sanctuary, or asylum > an asylum or sanctuary frithsoken1014 gritha1300 sanctuaryc1374 city of refuge (alsorefute)a1425 grith-placea1425 grith-stonea1425 grith-towna1425 asylumc1430 abbey1675 flemensfirth1805 a1425 ( in J. T. Fowler Memorials Church SS. Peter & Wilfrid, Ripon (1882) I. 51 Infra..locum qui vocatur Grythstane. grith-town n. = grith-place n. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > [noun] > inviolable refuge, sanctuary, or asylum > an asylum or sanctuary frithsoken1014 gritha1300 sanctuaryc1374 city of refuge (alsorefute)a1425 grith-placea1425 grith-stonea1425 grith-towna1425 asylumc1430 abbey1675 flemensfirth1805 a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Deut. xix. 6 Lest..the next kynesman..pursue, and take hym, if the weie is lengere [some MSS. add fro the grith toun], and smyte the lijf of hym which is not gilti of deeth. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online December 2021). † grithv. Forms: Old English griðian, Middle English griþie(n, past participle igreþid, igriðed. Etymology: Old English griðian , < grið grith n. Obsolete. 1. intransitive. To make peace. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > peace > pacification > make peace [verb (intransitive)] to make grithc1000 grith11.. to make peace?a1160 peasec1300 to inform the peace?a1400 to bury the hatchet1535 seal1596 pacificate1646 to beat swords into ploughshares1924 Locarnize1925 11.. Anglo-Saxon Chron. anno 1016 (Laud) Lundene waru griðede wið þone here. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 2768 Þat folc of Cascuine þe noht nælden griðien [c1300 Otho griþie]. 2. transitive. To give peace or protection to. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > protect or defend [verb (transitive)] shieldc825 frithc893 werea900 i-schield971 berghOE biwerec1000 grithc1000 witec1000 keepc1175 burghena1225 ward?c1225 hilla1240 warrantc1275 witiec1275 forhilla1300 umshadea1300 defendc1325 fendc1330 to hold in or to warrantc1330 bielda1350 warisha1375 succoura1387 defencea1398 shrouda1400 umbeshadow14.. shelvec1425 targec1430 protect?1435 obumber?1440 thorn1483 warrantise1490 charea1500 safeguard1501 heild?a1513 shend1530 warrant1530 shadow1548 fence1577 safekeep1588 bucklera1593 counterguard1594 save1595 tara1612 target1611 screenc1613 pre-arm1615 custodite1657 shelter1667 to guard against1725 cushion1836 enshield1855 mind1924 buffer1958 c1000 Laws of Æthelred vi. c. 42 in Schmid Gesetze 234 Þæt hi Godes cirican æghwar georne griðian and friðian. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 10932 We nefden nænne mon þe us wið heom mihten griðien. c1275 Laȝamon Brut 10605 Ich ou wolle griþie. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < n.a1000v.c1000
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grithn.

Compounds

† grithv.