groatn.

Brit.

/ɡrəʊt/,

/ɡrɔːt/, U.S.

/ɡroʊt/

Forms: Middle English–1500s groot(e, grote, Middle English–1500s grott(e, 1500s grot, groate, grootte, Scottish and northern groit, groyt, 1500s– groat.

Etymology: < Middle Dutch groot, properly an elliptical use of the adjective etymologically = great (in the sense ‘thick’); compare Middle High German grôȥe pfenninge ‘thick pennies’, groschen n. The equivalent medieval Latin grossus , Old French gros (see gross n.²) occur earlier than the Germanic forms. The pronunciation /ɡrɔːt/, for which compare /brɔːd/ broad, is recognized by many dictionaries, but is now old-fashioned.

1. Historical. A denomination of coin (in medieval Latin grossus, French gros, Italian grosso, Middle Dutch groot) which was recognized from the 13th cent. in various countries of Europe. Its standard seems to have been in the 14th cent. theoretically one-eighth of an ounce of silver; but its actual intrinsic value varied greatly in different countries and at different periods. (The adoption of the Dutch or Flemish form of the word into English shows that the ‘groat’ of the Low Countries had circulated here before a coin of that denomination was issued by the English sovereigns.) †a shilling, pound of groats: a Flemish money of account bearing the same proportion to the ordinary ‘shilling’ or ‘pound’ as the groat or ‘thick penny’ did to the ordinary penny.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > foreign coins > [noun] > other European

groata1387

markc1475

Philip?1482

caroline1555

sol1583

gross1638

obolus1761

tenpenny1822

ECU1970

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1876) VI. 259 Þe groot turoney is somwhat lasse worþy þan an Englische groote.

1480 Table Prouffytable Lernynge (Caxton) (1964) 42 Qvyntyne the tollar Hath taken of me A pound of grotes [Fr. vng liure de gros] More than he ought to take Of right tolle.

c1503 Beuys of Southhamptowne (Pynson) 3472 Beuys gaue that man for his tydynge Of grotes twenty shelynge.

1543 R. Record Ground of Artes i. sig. M.viii^v A flemmysshe grote is lytle aboue 3 farthynges Englysshe.

a. The English groat coined in 1351–2 was made equal to four pence. This ratio between the groat and the penny continued to be maintained; but owing to the progressive debasement of both coins, the ‘old groats’ which remained in circulation were valued at a higher rate (see quots. 1465, c1483, also 1552 in b). The groat ceased to be issued for circulation in 1662, and was not afterwards coined under that name. The ‘fourpence’ (popularly ‘fourpenny bit,’ ‘fourpenny piece’), which was issued from 1836 to 1856 (and after 1888 reissued for colonial circulation) was occasionally called a ‘groat,’ but the name was neither officially recognized nor commonly used. The Scottish fourpenny piece, first struck in 1358, is called a ‘groat’ (Anglo-Norman grote) in an English Act of 1390, and this name was used in Scotland itself in the 15th cent. Its value was already only 3d. English in 1373, and 2d. in 1390; later it fell much lower. In Ireland the groat was first struck in 1460. Harry groat (see Harry n.² Compounds 2). York groat (see quot. 1837).

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > English coins > [noun] > coin of 4d > groat

groat1362

great1473

chekasyde1543

flag1567

gunhole groata1577

Harry groat1641

1351 in T. Rymer Fœdera (1708) V. 709/1 Si avoms, par avis de nostre Conseil..ordene & fait faire Novele Monoie..d'Argent cest assavoir une Monoie, que serra appellee Un Gros, de la value de Quaters Esterlings.]

1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. iii. 133 Heo ȝeueth the jayler gold and grotes to-gedere.

c1386 G. Chaucer Pardoner's Tale 617 Ye, for a grote, vnbokele anon thy purs.

1444 Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 220 A good be stille is offte weel wourth a groote.

1451 Sc. Acts Jas. II c. 1 At þar be strikin of the vnce of brynt siluer or bulȝeoun of þat fynes viij grottes.

1465 in Manners & Househ. Expenses Eng. (1841) 492 My master payd hym..of old grotes, l.s.

1480 W. Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxxix. 239 In the xxvi yere of his regne the kyng lete ordeyne and make his newe money..the peny, the grote of value of iiij pens, and the half grote of value of ii pens..but it was of lasse weight than the old sterlyng was by v shyllyng in the pounde.

1480 Table Prouffytable Lernynge (Caxton) (1964) 16 The olde grotes of englond Whiche be worth v. pens The newe be worth foure pens.

1503 Act 19 Hen. VII c. 5 Coin of other Lands now current in this Realm for Groats, or for iv.d. being Silver.

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. cviii In this yere [sc. 24 Edw. III, 1351–2] also the kynge caused to be Coyned Grotes, and halfe grotes, the whiche lacked of y^e weyghte of his former Coyne.

1543 in J. Raine Wills & Inventories Archdeaconry Richmond (1853) 50 I gyff to the sayd George..ij hole angells of gold, and xx^ti of hold groyts cawlyd chekasydes, and my leyse of my fermold.

a1549 A. Borde Fyrst Bk. Introd. Knowl. (1870) iii. 133 In Irlond they haue Irysh grotes, and harped grotes.

1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball ii. vi. 153 There commeth up white huskes, which be flat, rounde, and very large, of the quantitie of a groote, or Testerne.

c1600 Wriothesley's Chron. Eng. (1875) I. 15 This yeare [sc. 1526] in November, the Kinge enhaunsed his coyne..that is to saye, the riall at 11^s 3^d, the angell 7^s 6^d..allso he..valued an ownce sylver fyne sterlinge at 3^s 8^d; and also made new grotes and halfe grotts after the rate.

1627 R. Bernard Isle of Man (ed. 4) ii. 239 Two pence, yea a groate sometimes.

1700 J. Dryden Chaucer's Cock & Fox in Fables 230 I dare lay a Groat [rhyme-word Lot].

1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 295. ¶4 A Pin a Day, says our frugal Proverb, is a Groat a Year.

1714 J. Gay Shepherd's Week ii. 106 With apron blue to dry her tears she sought, Then saw the cow well serv'd, and took a groat.

1786 R. Burns Poems 32 An' plunder'd o' her hindmost groat, By gallows knaves.

1837 Penny Cycl. VII. 330 It was one of the charges against Wolsey, that he had put the cardinal's hat upon the king's money, as is seen upon his York groats and half-groats.

1849 G. P. R. James Woodman I. iv. 75 For the young lord at their head gave me a York groat.

1885 W. Ross Aberdour & Inchcolme v. 144 A shearer would look askance at a groat dropped into the palm of his hand, as payment for a day's work.

†b. Used to translate Greek δραχμή or Latin denarius.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > classical coins > [noun] > ancient Greek

obolOE

drachmc1384

mnamc1400

dramc1440

mina1495

groat1526

didrachm1548

drachma1579

obolus1579

tetradrachm1579

obole1598

philippic1651

stater1685

tetrobol1693

tridrachm1771

pentadrachm1827

triobol1837

octadrachm1848

decadrachm1856

lepton1877

dodecadrachm1881

diobol1887

trihemiobol1887

distater1895

hemiobol1921

society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > classical coins > [noun] > ancient Roman > silver denarius

denaryc1449

groat1526

denarius1579

denier1598

denar1701

1526 Bible (Tyndale) Luke xv. f. cij I have founde the groate which I had loost.

1552 T. Cooper Bibliotheca Eliotæ (rev. ed.) Didrachmum, a siluer coyne, conteynyng .ii. Drachmas, euerie Drachma, beyng in value an old sterling groat, when eight went to the ounce.]

a1557 J. Cheke tr. Gospel St. Matthew (1843) xx. 2 He agreed with y^e workmen for a groot a dai.

1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) I. f. 364/2 Seeke the groat that is lost, of the vnitie, I meane, of fayth.

1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Oiv^v/2 A Grote, drachma.

†c. Taken as the type of a very small sum. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > sum of money > [noun] > small sum > coin as type of

pennya1225

sumc1300

mitea1375

minutec1384

groat1513

souse1570

widow's mite1572

stivera1640

brass farthing1642

shilling1737

rap1778

skilligalee1834

skillick1835

steever1892

razoo1919

1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid vi. v. 71 Than, at the last, to pas our in this boit Thay bene admit, and costis thaim not a groit.

a1605 A. Montgomerie Sonnets (1887) xxi. 2 Except ȝour gouns, some hes not worth a grote.

a1704 T. Brown Satyr upon French King in Wks. (1707) I. i. 90 S'life, I'le not take thy Honour for a Groat.

1749 Ld. Chesterfield Let. 17 Oct. (1932) (modernized text) IV. 1419 I do not care a groat what it is.

†d. a cracked or slit groat: referred to as the type of something worthless. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > importance > unimportance > [noun] > that which is unimportant > worthless

hawc1000

turdc1275

fille1297

dusta1300

lead1303

skitc1330

naught1340

vanityc1340

wrakea1350

rushc1350

dirt1357

fly's wing1377

goose-wing1377

fartc1390

chaff?a1400

nutshella1400

shalec1400

yardc1400

wrack1472

pelfrya1529

trasha1529

dreg1531

trish-trash1542

alchemy1547

beggary?1548

rubbish1548

pelfa1555

chip1556

stark naught1562

paltry?1566

rubbish1566

riff-raff1570

bran1574

baggage1579

nihil1579

trush-trash1582

stubblea1591

tartar1590

garbage1592

bag of winda1599

a cracked or slit groat1600

kitchen stuff1600

tilta1603

nothing?1608

bauble1609

countera1616

a pair of Yorkshire sleeves in a goldsmith's shop1620

buttermilk1630

dross1632

paltrement1641

cattle1643

bagatelle1647

nothingness1652

brimborion1653

stuff1670

flap-dragon1700

mud1706

caput mortuuma1711

snuff1778

twaddle1786

powder-post1790

traffic1828

junk1836

duffer1852

shice1859

punk1869

hogwash1870

cagmag1875

shit1890

tosh1892

tripe1895

dreck1905

schlock1906

cannon fodder1917

shite1928

skunk1929

crut1937

chickenshit1938

crud1943

Mickey Mouse1958

gick1959

garbo1978

turd1978

pants1994

1600 T. Dekker Shomakers Holiday sig. B4^v Peace you crackt groates.

1677 W. Hughes Man of Sin ii. ix. 145 Their Vulgar Catechismes leave wholly out the Second Commandement..These wicked Cheats, of the Tenth make Two. But 'tis a Slit Groat.

1679 W. Penn Addr. Protestants ii. 156 The People..take all upon trust for their Souls, that would not trust an Arch-bishop about a Slit Groat.

†3. A point at cards, ? from the practice of using groats to score with. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > [noun] > score or points

groat1680

tout1680

trente1706

game point1773

low1818

1680 C. Cotton Compl. Gamester (ed. 2) 83 If either side are at eight Groats he hath the benefit of calling Can-ye, if he hath two Honours in his hand.

Compounds

† groat-silver n. Obsolete a customary gratuity of a groat.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > payment for labour or service > [noun] > tip > of specific amount

groat-silver1394

1394–5 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1898) I. 214 Hominibus de domo Dei pro eorum grotsilver, 6s. 8d.

1522–3 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1899) II. 255 15 fratr. et soror. de domo Dei pro eorum grotsilver, cuilibet eorum 5d., 6s. 3d.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	groat
释义	groatn. Brit. /ɡrəʊt/, /ɡrɔːt/, U.S. /ɡroʊt/ Forms: Middle English–1500s groot(e, grote, Middle English–1500s grott(e, 1500s grot, groate, grootte, Scottish and northern groit, groyt, 1500s– groat. Etymology: < Middle Dutch groot, properly an elliptical use of the adjective etymologically = great (in the sense ‘thick’); compare Middle High German grôȥe pfenninge ‘thick pennies’, groschen n. The equivalent medieval Latin grossus , Old French gros (see gross n.²) occur earlier than the Germanic forms. The pronunciation /ɡrɔːt/, for which compare /brɔːd/ broad, is recognized by many dictionaries, but is now old-fashioned. 1. Historical. A denomination of coin (in medieval Latin grossus, French gros, Italian grosso, Middle Dutch groot) which was recognized from the 13th cent. in various countries of Europe. Its standard seems to have been in the 14th cent. theoretically one-eighth of an ounce of silver; but its actual intrinsic value varied greatly in different countries and at different periods. (The adoption of the Dutch or Flemish form of the word into English shows that the ‘groat’ of the Low Countries had circulated here before a coin of that denomination was issued by the English sovereigns.) †a shilling, pound of groats: a Flemish money of account bearing the same proportion to the ordinary ‘shilling’ or ‘pound’ as the groat or ‘thick penny’ did to the ordinary penny. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > foreign coins > [noun] > other European groata1387 markc1475 Philip?1482 caroline1555 sol1583 gross1638 obolus1761 tenpenny1822 ECU1970 a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1876) VI. 259 Þe groot turoney is somwhat lasse worþy þan an Englische groote. 1480 Table Prouffytable Lernynge (Caxton) (1964) 42 Qvyntyne the tollar Hath taken of me A pound of grotes [Fr. vng liure de gros] More than he ought to take Of right tolle. c1503 Beuys of Southhamptowne (Pynson) 3472 Beuys gaue that man for his tydynge Of grotes twenty shelynge. 1543 R. Record Ground of Artes i. sig. M.viii^v A flemmysshe grote is lytle aboue 3 farthynges Englysshe. 2. a. The English groat coined in 1351–2 was made equal to four pence. This ratio between the groat and the penny continued to be maintained; but owing to the progressive debasement of both coins, the ‘old groats’ which remained in circulation were valued at a higher rate (see quots. 1465, c1483, also 1552 in b). The groat ceased to be issued for circulation in 1662, and was not afterwards coined under that name. The ‘fourpence’ (popularly ‘fourpenny bit,’ ‘fourpenny piece’), which was issued from 1836 to 1856 (and after 1888 reissued for colonial circulation) was occasionally called a ‘groat,’ but the name was neither officially recognized nor commonly used. The Scottish fourpenny piece, first struck in 1358, is called a ‘groat’ (Anglo-Norman grote) in an English Act of 1390, and this name was used in Scotland itself in the 15th cent. Its value was already only 3d. English in 1373, and 2d. in 1390; later it fell much lower. In Ireland the groat was first struck in 1460. Harry groat (see Harry n.² Compounds 2). York groat (see quot. 1837). ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > English coins > [noun] > coin of 4d > groat groat1362 great1473 chekasyde1543 flag1567 gunhole groata1577 Harry groat1641 1351 in T. Rymer Fœdera (1708) V. 709/1 Si avoms, par avis de nostre Conseil..ordene & fait faire Novele Monoie..d'Argent cest assavoir une Monoie, que serra appellee Un Gros, de la value de Quaters Esterlings.] 1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. iii. 133 Heo ȝeueth the jayler gold and grotes to-gedere. c1386 G. Chaucer Pardoner's Tale 617 Ye, for a grote, vnbokele anon thy purs. 1444 Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 220 A good be stille is offte weel wourth a groote. 1451 Sc. Acts Jas. II c. 1 At þar be strikin of the vnce of brynt siluer or bulȝeoun of þat fynes viij grottes. 1465 in Manners & Househ. Expenses Eng. (1841) 492 My master payd hym..of old grotes, l.s. 1480 W. Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxxix. 239 In the xxvi yere of his regne the kyng lete ordeyne and make his newe money..the peny, the grote of value of iiij pens, and the half grote of value of ii pens..but it was of lasse weight than the old sterlyng was by v shyllyng in the pounde. 1480 Table Prouffytable Lernynge (Caxton) (1964) 16 The olde grotes of englond Whiche be worth v. pens The newe be worth foure pens. 1503 Act 19 Hen. VII c. 5 Coin of other Lands now current in this Realm for Groats, or for iv.d. being Silver. a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. cviii In this yere [sc. 24 Edw. III, 1351–2] also the kynge caused to be Coyned Grotes, and halfe grotes, the whiche lacked of y^e weyghte of his former Coyne. 1543 in J. Raine Wills & Inventories Archdeaconry Richmond (1853) 50 I gyff to the sayd George..ij hole angells of gold, and xx^ti of hold groyts cawlyd chekasydes, and my leyse of my fermold. a1549 A. Borde Fyrst Bk. Introd. Knowl. (1870) iii. 133 In Irlond they haue Irysh grotes, and harped grotes. 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball ii. vi. 153 There commeth up white huskes, which be flat, rounde, and very large, of the quantitie of a groote, or Testerne. c1600 Wriothesley's Chron. Eng. (1875) I. 15 This yeare [sc. 1526] in November, the Kinge enhaunsed his coyne..that is to saye, the riall at 11^s 3^d, the angell 7^s 6^d..allso he..valued an ownce sylver fyne sterlinge at 3^s 8^d; and also made new grotes and halfe grotts after the rate. 1627 R. Bernard Isle of Man (ed. 4) ii. 239 Two pence, yea a groate sometimes. 1700 J. Dryden Chaucer's Cock & Fox in Fables 230 I dare lay a Groat [rhyme-word Lot]. 1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 295. ¶4 A Pin a Day, says our frugal Proverb, is a Groat a Year. 1714 J. Gay Shepherd's Week ii. 106 With apron blue to dry her tears she sought, Then saw the cow well serv'd, and took a groat. 1786 R. Burns Poems 32 An' plunder'd o' her hindmost groat, By gallows knaves. 1837 Penny Cycl. VII. 330 It was one of the charges against Wolsey, that he had put the cardinal's hat upon the king's money, as is seen upon his York groats and half-groats. 1849 G. P. R. James Woodman I. iv. 75 For the young lord at their head gave me a York groat. 1885 W. Ross Aberdour & Inchcolme v. 144 A shearer would look askance at a groat dropped into the palm of his hand, as payment for a day's work. †b. Used to translate Greek δραχμή or Latin denarius. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > classical coins > [noun] > ancient Greek obolOE drachmc1384 mnamc1400 dramc1440 mina1495 groat1526 didrachm1548 drachma1579 obolus1579 tetradrachm1579 obole1598 philippic1651 stater1685 tetrobol1693 tridrachm1771 pentadrachm1827 triobol1837 octadrachm1848 decadrachm1856 lepton1877 dodecadrachm1881 diobol1887 trihemiobol1887 distater1895 hemiobol1921 society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > classical coins > [noun] > ancient Roman > silver denarius denaryc1449 groat1526 denarius1579 denier1598 denar1701 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Luke xv. f. cij I have founde the groate which I had loost. 1552 T. Cooper Bibliotheca Eliotæ (rev. ed.) Didrachmum, a siluer coyne, conteynyng .ii. Drachmas, euerie Drachma, beyng in value an old sterling groat, when eight went to the ounce.] a1557 J. Cheke tr. Gospel St. Matthew (1843) xx. 2 He agreed with y^e workmen for a groot a dai. 1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) I. f. 364/2 Seeke the groat that is lost, of the vnitie, I meane, of fayth. 1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Oiv^v/2 A Grote, drachma. †c. Taken as the type of a very small sum. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > sum of money > [noun] > small sum > coin as type of pennya1225 sumc1300 mitea1375 minutec1384 groat1513 souse1570 widow's mite1572 stivera1640 brass farthing1642 shilling1737 rap1778 skilligalee1834 skillick1835 steever1892 razoo1919 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid vi. v. 71 Than, at the last, to pas our in this boit Thay bene admit, and costis thaim not a groit. a1605 A. Montgomerie Sonnets (1887) xxi. 2 Except ȝour gouns, some hes not worth a grote. a1704 T. Brown Satyr upon French King in Wks. (1707) I. i. 90 S'life, I'le not take thy Honour for a Groat. 1749 Ld. Chesterfield Let. 17 Oct. (1932) (modernized text) IV. 1419 I do not care a groat what it is. †d. a cracked or slit groat: referred to as the type of something worthless. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > importance > unimportance > [noun] > that which is unimportant > worthless hawc1000 turdc1275 fille1297 dusta1300 lead1303 skitc1330 naught1340 vanityc1340 wrakea1350 rushc1350 dirt1357 fly's wing1377 goose-wing1377 fartc1390 chaff?a1400 nutshella1400 shalec1400 yardc1400 wrack1472 pelfrya1529 trasha1529 dreg1531 trish-trash1542 alchemy1547 beggary?1548 rubbish1548 pelfa1555 chip1556 stark naught1562 paltry?1566 rubbish1566 riff-raff1570 bran1574 baggage1579 nihil1579 trush-trash1582 stubblea1591 tartar1590 garbage1592 bag of winda1599 a cracked or slit groat1600 kitchen stuff1600 tilta1603 nothing?1608 bauble1609 countera1616 a pair of Yorkshire sleeves in a goldsmith's shop1620 buttermilk1630 dross1632 paltrement1641 cattle1643 bagatelle1647 nothingness1652 brimborion1653 stuff1670 flap-dragon1700 mud1706 caput mortuuma1711 snuff1778 twaddle1786 powder-post1790 traffic1828 junk1836 duffer1852 shice1859 punk1869 hogwash1870 cagmag1875 shit1890 tosh1892 tripe1895 dreck1905 schlock1906 cannon fodder1917 shite1928 skunk1929 crut1937 chickenshit1938 crud1943 Mickey Mouse1958 gick1959 garbo1978 turd1978 pants1994 1600 T. Dekker Shomakers Holiday sig. B4^v Peace you crackt groates. 1677 W. Hughes Man of Sin ii. ix. 145 Their Vulgar Catechismes leave wholly out the Second Commandement..These wicked Cheats, of the Tenth make Two. But 'tis a Slit Groat. 1679 W. Penn Addr. Protestants ii. 156 The People..take all upon trust for their Souls, that would not trust an Arch-bishop about a Slit Groat. †3. A point at cards, ? from the practice of using groats to score with. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > [noun] > score or points groat1680 tout1680 trente1706 game point1773 low1818 1680 C. Cotton Compl. Gamester (ed. 2) 83 If either side are at eight Groats he hath the benefit of calling Can-ye, if he hath two Honours in his hand. Compounds † groat-silver n. Obsolete a customary gratuity of a groat. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > payment for labour or service > [noun] > tip > of specific amount groat-silver1394 1394–5 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1898) I. 214 Hominibus de domo Dei pro eorum grotsilver, 6s. 8d. 1522–3 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1899) II. 255 15 fratr. et soror. de domo Dei pro eorum grotsilver, cuilibet eorum 5d., 6s. 3d. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1362
随便看	ferrary ferrash ferrate ferrateen ferrates ferratin ferraunt ferrazite ferre ferreal ferrean ferred ferredoxin ferredoxins ferrel ferrel cell ferrel's law ferreled ferreling ferrell ferrelled ferrelling ferrels ferren ferreous