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单词 groats
释义

groatsn.

/ɡrəʊts//ɡrɔːts/
Forms: (? Old English grotan), Middle English grotene, Middle English–1500s, 1700s grotes, Middle English–1500s Scottish grotis, Middle English, 1500s–1700s grots, (1500s groots), 1500s–1800s grotts, (1500s grottes), 1600s– groats.
Etymology: Old English *grotan weak plural, cognate with grot neuter, fragment, particle (see grot n.1), and with grit n.2, see for other connections.The word first occurs in an interpolation written c1200 on the margin of an 11th cent. manuscript; it is there spelt gratan , but as the passage is a blundered and half-modernized transcript from something of earlier date, there is little risk in correcting it to grotan , which is pre-supposed by the northern Middle English forms. The Old English form is commonly cited as grátan , but this admits of no known etymology, and is irreconcilable with the phonetic history of the word. With reference to the pronunciation compare groat n.
With plural agreement.
1.
a. Hulled, or hulled and crushed grain of various kinds, chiefly oats, but also wheat, barley, and †maize. embden groats n. crushed barley or oats.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > corn, cereals, or grain > [noun] > prepared grains
polentaOE
groats?a1100
tisanea1425
oat groatsa1475
grist?1567
polent1577
French barley1596
pearl barley1639
shelled corn1676
pot barley1761
burghul1764
semolina1784
yokeag1824
burgoo1825
Scotch barley1825
pearl sago1828
semoletta1844
semola1853
manna croup1864
manna groats1864
corn chip1868
rolled oats1870
flake-manna1886
flake-tapioca1886
grape-nuts1898
kibble1902
stamped mealies1911
stamp1923
bulgur1934
freekeh1940
stamp mealies1952
?a1100 [MS.c1200] Sax. Leechd. III. 292 Nim atena grotan [MS. gratan].
1324–5 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1898) I. 14 In Grotis emp. pro exitibus, 3d.]
c1358 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1899) II. 562 In 4 bus. de Grotes emp. pro coquina, 3s. 6d.
a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sloane) (1862) 48 Grynd hom..With grotene.
a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sloane) (1862) 47 Fyrst take porke, wele þou hit sethe With otene grotes, þat ben so smethe.
a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sloane) (1862) 20 Ote grotis.
a1500 R. Henryson tr. Æsop Fables: Two Mice l. 282 in Poems (1981) 14 Ane plait of grottis and ane disch full off meill.
1508 W. Kennedy Flyting (Chepman & Myllar) in Poems W. Dunbar (1998) I. 214 Fra Etrike Forest furthward..Thou beggit..cruddis, mele, grotis, grisis and geis.
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 559 The people of Rome for three hundred years together, used no other food than the groats made of common Wheat.
1616 G. Markham tr. C. Estienne et al. Maison Rustique (rev. ed.) v. xviii. 556 As for the Groats, which is vsually called common or course Oat-meale, they are excellent to make porridge of all kinds.
1747 H. Glasse Art of Cookery xvi. 146 Grotes [1796 Grits] once cut does better than Oatmeal.
1775 B. Romans Conc. Nat. Hist. E. & W. Florida 121 To enumerate the vast variety of ways in employing this noble grain [maize] for food such as hommany, mush, groats,..would be too tedious.
1789 Trans. Soc. Arts (ed. 2) 2 117 I think it very possible, by some such operation as making grotts, to clear away the husks.
1869 J. C. Atkinson Peacock's Gloss. Dial. Hundred of Lonsdale Groats, always used along with the blood in the composition of black puddings; hence the proverb current in Lonsdale, ‘Blood without groats is nowt’, meaning that family without fortune is of no consequence.
b. Phr. (Scottish) to ken one's own groats in other folks' kail: to know one's own handiwork. to give groats for pease, to gie (one) kail o' his ain groats: to pay (a person) in his own coin.
ΚΠ
1727 P. Walker Remarkable Passages 64 The Church excommunicated him, and he gave them Groats for Pease, he excommunicated them.
1819 J. Rennie St. Patrick I. v. 76 He tell't..how keen ye war tae gie the warlocks kail o' their ain groats.
1861 E. B. Ramsay Reminisc. Sc. Life 2nd Ser. 93 D'ye think, Sir, I dinna ken my ain groats in ither folk's kail?
2. Naked oats. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > cereal, corn, or grain > [noun] > oats > oat plants
pilcorn1283
aveyn1475
pillotes1551
pilled oats1578
naked oat1597
groats1669
pillez1764
oat1790
Scotch grey1798
turnip-oatsc1800
1669 J. Worlidge Systema Agriculturæ (1681) 41 There is a new sort of Oats, or Groats growing like unto whole Oatmeal, without any Hulls; they grow near the City of Durham.
1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Oats

Compounds

C1. General attributive.
groat-broth n.
ΚΠ
1737 tr. A. Pitcairne in Compl. Family-piece (ed. 2) i. i. 44 Give the Child Groat-broth sometimes.
groat chest n.
ΚΠ
1531 Durham Bursar's Mem. in J. Raine Charters Priory Finchale (1837) Gloss. p. ccccxxxii [Paid for a lock and key for] ‘le grot-chyst’, [4d.].
groat gruel n.
ΚΠ
1844 T. Webster & F. Parkes Encycl. Domest. Econ. 945 Common groat gruel—Wash three ounces of common groats, and [etc.].
C2.
groat-sugar n. Obsolete coarse sugar.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > additive > sweetener > [noun] > sugar > coarse sugar
gur1686
groat-sugar1743
bastard1766
foot sugar1818
rapadura1824
gur1834
piloncillo1844
pilonci1845
foot1871
1743 W. Ellis Suppl. to London & Country Brewer (ed. 2) 330 Boil Half a Pound of Groat Sugar in a Quart of Water.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2021).
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n.?a1100
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