gurnardgurnetn.

Brit.

/ˈɡəːnəd/, U.S.

/ˈɡərnərd/

/ˈɡɜːnɪt/

Forms: α. Middle English– gurnard; also Middle English gurnade, Middle English–1500s gornard(e, 1500s gurnerd, gurnarde, 1500s–1600s gournard(e, 1700s gronnard. β. 1600s gournet, gournit, 1600s, 1800s gurnet, 1700s Scottish girnot, 1800s gurnett.

Etymology: Probably < some variant of French grognard grumbler (13th cent. in Hatzfeld & Darmesteter), < grogner to grunt (see groin v.¹); of cognate etymology are Old French gournaux, plural (1320 Du Cange s.v. Gornus) early modern French grougnaut, gronau, gournauld, gourneau (Cotgrave, who gives the two first as ‘Languedoc’), and perhaps French grenaut ‘some large-headed fish’ (Littré). For the sense compare French grondin gurnard, < gronder to grunt; also German knurrhahn, knurrfisch gurnard, < knurren to grumble.

a. One of the marine fishes of the genus Trigla or family Triglidæ, characterized by a large spiny head with mailed cheeks and three free pectoral rays.The chief species are distinguished respectively as grey gurnard, red gurnard (otherwise cuckoo-gurnard), lineated gurnard, streaked gurnard, French gurnard (or rock-gurnard), sapphirine gurnard, and shining gurnard (or long-finned gurnard) .

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > order Scorpaeniformes (scorpion-fish) > [noun] > family Triglidae (gurnards) > member of family Triglidae (gurnard)

gurnard1314

mop1466

kite-fish1684

trigla1752

pigfish1807

captain1811

sea-robin1814

mailed or armed gurnard1836

robin1853

sclerogenoid1861

grumbler1867

triglid1888

trigloid1888

rochet1345

cur1589

red fish1611

rocketa1655

red gurnarda1672

sea-cock1704

soldier1846

elleck1862

peeper1880

latchett1882

α.

1314 in Wardr. Acc. Edw. II 21/12 4 gurnards, 12d.

14.. in Coll. Ordinances Royol Househ. (1790) 449 Therwith brem de mere, and gurnade, and crabbes, and crevyse.

1467 in Manners & Househ. Expenses Eng. (1841) 391 Davy..seithe he paid.. for a gurnard, iiij.d.

a1500 Piers of Fulham (James) in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. (1866) II. 3 In stede of sturgen or lamprons, he drawyth vp a gurnerd or gogeons.

?1533 G. Du Wes Introductorie for to lerne Frenche sig. Di Gournardes, Tumbes.

1620 T. Venner Via Recta iv. 73 The Gurnard..some are red, and some grey.

a1672 F. Willughby Ichthyogr. (1686) Table S 2 Cuculus griseus, gray Gurnard.

a1672 F. Willughby Ichthyogr. (1686) Table S 2 Cuculus Salv., Red Gurnard or Rochet.

1694 P. Falle Acct. Isle of Jersey ii. 76 Another [fish] of a perfect blood Colour, with a Head and Throat almost as big as the rest of the Body; our Fishermen call it Gronnard, from the grunting Noise it makes.

1748 Defoe's Tour Great Brit. (ed. 4) III. 281 The Gronnard is so called from its grunting Noise, when taken.

1836 W. Yarrell Hist. Brit. Fishes I. 40 The trivial names of cuculus and Cuckoo Gurnard are said to have been appropriated to this species [Trigla cuculus] on account of the similarity of the sound which issues from this fish, when taken out of the waters, to the note of the well-known bird.

1836 W. Yarrell Hist. Brit. Fishes I. 41 The Sapphirine Gurnard. Trigla hirundo.

1836 W. Yarrell Hist. Brit. Fishes I. 46 The Streaked Gurnard, French Gurnard, and Rock Gurnard. Trigla lineata.

1850 C. Kingsley N. Devon: Pt. III in Misc. (1860) II. 278 To dine off gurnards of my own catching—excellent fish, despised by deluded Cockneys.

1895 ‘J. Bickerdyke’ in ‘J. Bickerdyke’ et al. Sea Fishing (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) xiii. 413 Grey Gurnard, or Hard-heads (Trigla gurnardus).

1898 E. E. Morris Austral Eng. (at cited word) The original word Gurnard is retained in New Zealand, and applied to the new species Trigla kumu.

β. 1611 J. Florio Queen Anna's New World of Words Grincio..a Gournet, a Rotchet, or red fish.1615 G. Markham Eng. House-wife (1660) 67 Thus may you..stew Roches, Gurnets, or almost any sea fish or fresh fish.1682 G. Wheler Journey into Greece iv. 292 Barbouni, which I take to be the same with our Gournits.1795 J. Sinclair Statist. Acct. Scotl. XIV. 175 Laith, codling, seth, girnot, rock-fish.1838 Dr. Johnston in Hist. Berwickshire Naturalists' Club 1 No. 6. 170 The Gurnett or Crooner.1843 Q. Rev. Sept. 477 Turbot, cod, ling..gurnet..and shad, abound on the coasts of Clare.

†b. soused gurnet: a term of opprobrium. gurnet's head: used allusively with reference to the disproportionate size of the fish's head. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > inferior person > [noun] > held in reproach

gluttonc1300

jau dewin1340

Pilatec1390

rascal?a1400

swartc1425

hoberdc1450

dogshead1539

ladronea1557

clapperdudgeon1567

soused gurnet1598

jail-bird1603

cocoloch1610

swappes1626

incubee1631

stitchel1659

potwalloper1820

Little Willie1901

1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 iv. ii. 13 If I be not ashamed of my soldiours, I am a souct gurnet.

1598 J. Marston Scourge of Villanie ii. vi. sig. E7 His guts are in his braines, huge Iobbernoule, Right Gurnets-head, the rest without all soule.

1606 Wily Beguilde Prol. 2 Out you soust gurnet.

2. Applied, with qualifications, to certain allied genera. See also yellow gurnard n. at yellow adj. and n. Compounds 2b(b).

a. bearded gurnard, the red mullet, Mullus barbatus.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > suborder Percoidei > [noun] > family Mullidae > member of (red mullet)

mullet1393

rougetc1485

surmulleta1672

red mullet1734

red surmullet1769

bearded gurnard1803

1803 F. W. Blagdon tr. P. S. Pallas Trav. Southern Provinces Russ. Empire II. 463 The bearded gurnard [Ger. der Bartröthling].

b. mailed or armed gurnard, a fish of the family Peristediidæ.

ΘΚΠ

gurnard1314

mop1466

kite-fish1684

trigla1752

pigfish1807

captain1811

sea-robin1814

mailed or armed gurnard1836

robin1853

sclerogenoid1861

grumbler1867

triglid1888

trigloid1888

1836 W. Yarrell Hist. Brit. Fishes I. 67 Armed Gurnard, Mailed Gurnard, Malarmat, Peristedion Malarmat.

c. flying gurnard, a flying fish of the family Cephalancanthidæ or Dactylopteridæ: see also quots. 1882, 1898 at sense 1aα. .

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > order Scorpaeniformes (scorpion-fish) > [noun] > member of Dactylopteridae (flying gurnards)

flying fish?c1510

sea-swallow1598

sea-kite1601

swallow-fish1601

sea-bat1611

swallow1668

sea-hawka1717

batfish1848

wing-fish1855

flying gurnard1882

1882 Ogilvie's Imperial Dict. (new ed.) s.v. The flying gurnard is the T[rigla] volitans, which inhabits the Mediterranean, Atlantic, and Indian seas.

1898 E. E. Morris Austral Eng. (at cited word) The Flying Gurnet is Trigla polyommata..family Cottidæ.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	gurnard
释义	gurnardgurnetn. Brit. /ˈɡəːnəd/, U.S. /ˈɡərnərd/ /ˈɡɜːnɪt/ Forms: α. Middle English– gurnard; also Middle English gurnade, Middle English–1500s gornard(e, 1500s gurnerd, gurnarde, 1500s–1600s gournard(e, 1700s gronnard. β. 1600s gournet, gournit, 1600s, 1800s gurnet, 1700s Scottish girnot, 1800s gurnett. Etymology: Probably < some variant of French grognard grumbler (13th cent. in Hatzfeld & Darmesteter), < grogner to grunt (see groin v.¹); of cognate etymology are Old French gournaux, plural (1320 Du Cange s.v. Gornus) early modern French grougnaut, gronau, gournauld, gourneau (Cotgrave, who gives the two first as ‘Languedoc’), and perhaps French grenaut ‘some large-headed fish’ (Littré). For the sense compare French grondin gurnard, < gronder to grunt; also German knurrhahn, knurrfisch gurnard, < knurren to grumble. 1. a. One of the marine fishes of the genus Trigla or family Triglidæ, characterized by a large spiny head with mailed cheeks and three free pectoral rays.The chief species are distinguished respectively as grey gurnard, red gurnard (otherwise cuckoo-gurnard), lineated gurnard, streaked gurnard, French gurnard (or rock-gurnard), sapphirine gurnard, and shining gurnard (or long-finned gurnard) . ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > order Scorpaeniformes (scorpion-fish) > [noun] > family Triglidae (gurnards) > member of family Triglidae (gurnard) gurnard1314 mop1466 kite-fish1684 trigla1752 pigfish1807 captain1811 sea-robin1814 mailed or armed gurnard1836 robin1853 sclerogenoid1861 grumbler1867 triglid1888 trigloid1888 the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > order Scorpaeniformes (scorpion-fish) > [noun] > family Triglidae (gurnards) > genus Trigla > trigla cuculus (red gurnard) rochet1345 cur1589 red fish1611 rocketa1655 red gurnarda1672 sea-cock1704 soldier1846 elleck1862 peeper1880 latchett1882 α. 1314 in Wardr. Acc. Edw. II 21/12 4 gurnards, 12d. 14.. in Coll. Ordinances Royol Househ. (1790) 449 Therwith brem de mere, and gurnade, and crabbes, and crevyse. 1467 in Manners & Househ. Expenses Eng. (1841) 391 Davy..seithe he paid.. for a gurnard, iiij.d. a1500 Piers of Fulham (James) in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. (1866) II. 3 In stede of sturgen or lamprons, he drawyth vp a gurnerd or gogeons. ?1533 G. Du Wes Introductorie for to lerne Frenche sig. Di Gournardes, Tumbes. 1620 T. Venner Via Recta iv. 73 The Gurnard..some are red, and some grey. a1672 F. Willughby Ichthyogr. (1686) Table S 2 Cuculus griseus, gray Gurnard. a1672 F. Willughby Ichthyogr. (1686) Table S 2 Cuculus Salv., Red Gurnard or Rochet. 1694 P. Falle Acct. Isle of Jersey ii. 76 Another [fish] of a perfect blood Colour, with a Head and Throat almost as big as the rest of the Body; our Fishermen call it Gronnard, from the grunting Noise it makes. 1748 Defoe's Tour Great Brit. (ed. 4) III. 281 The Gronnard is so called from its grunting Noise, when taken. 1836 W. Yarrell Hist. Brit. Fishes I. 40 The trivial names of cuculus and Cuckoo Gurnard are said to have been appropriated to this species [Trigla cuculus] on account of the similarity of the sound which issues from this fish, when taken out of the waters, to the note of the well-known bird. 1836 W. Yarrell Hist. Brit. Fishes I. 41 The Sapphirine Gurnard. Trigla hirundo. 1836 W. Yarrell Hist. Brit. Fishes I. 46 The Streaked Gurnard, French Gurnard, and Rock Gurnard. Trigla lineata. 1850 C. Kingsley N. Devon: Pt. III in Misc. (1860) II. 278 To dine off gurnards of my own catching—excellent fish, despised by deluded Cockneys. 1895 ‘J. Bickerdyke’ in ‘J. Bickerdyke’ et al. Sea Fishing (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) xiii. 413 Grey Gurnard, or Hard-heads (Trigla gurnardus). 1898 E. E. Morris Austral Eng. (at cited word) The original word Gurnard is retained in New Zealand, and applied to the new species Trigla kumu. β. 1611 J. Florio Queen Anna's New World of Words Grincio..a Gournet, a Rotchet, or red fish.1615 G. Markham Eng. House-wife (1660) 67 Thus may you..stew Roches, Gurnets, or almost any sea fish or fresh fish.1682 G. Wheler Journey into Greece iv. 292 Barbouni, which I take to be the same with our Gournits.1795 J. Sinclair Statist. Acct. Scotl. XIV. 175 Laith, codling, seth, girnot, rock-fish.1838 Dr. Johnston in Hist. Berwickshire Naturalists' Club 1 No. 6. 170 The Gurnett or Crooner.1843 Q. Rev. Sept. 477 Turbot, cod, ling..gurnet..and shad, abound on the coasts of Clare. †b. soused gurnet: a term of opprobrium. gurnet's head: used allusively with reference to the disproportionate size of the fish's head. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > inferior person > [noun] > held in reproach gluttonc1300 jau dewin1340 Pilatec1390 rascal?a1400 swartc1425 hoberdc1450 dogshead1539 ladronea1557 clapperdudgeon1567 soused gurnet1598 jail-bird1603 cocoloch1610 swappes1626 incubee1631 stitchel1659 potwalloper1820 Little Willie1901 1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 iv. ii. 13 If I be not ashamed of my soldiours, I am a souct gurnet. 1598 J. Marston Scourge of Villanie ii. vi. sig. E7 His guts are in his braines, huge Iobbernoule, Right Gurnets-head, the rest without all soule. 1606 Wily Beguilde Prol. 2 Out you soust gurnet. 2. Applied, with qualifications, to certain allied genera. See also yellow gurnard n. at yellow adj. and n. Compounds 2b(b). a. bearded gurnard, the red mullet, Mullus barbatus. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > suborder Percoidei > [noun] > family Mullidae > member of (red mullet) mullet1393 rougetc1485 surmulleta1672 red mullet1734 red surmullet1769 bearded gurnard1803 1803 F. W. Blagdon tr. P. S. Pallas Trav. Southern Provinces Russ. Empire II. 463 The bearded gurnard [Ger. der Bartröthling]. b. mailed or armed gurnard, a fish of the family Peristediidæ. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > order Scorpaeniformes (scorpion-fish) > [noun] > family Triglidae (gurnards) > member of family Triglidae (gurnard) gurnard1314 mop1466 kite-fish1684 trigla1752 pigfish1807 captain1811 sea-robin1814 mailed or armed gurnard1836 robin1853 sclerogenoid1861 grumbler1867 triglid1888 trigloid1888 1836 W. Yarrell Hist. Brit. Fishes I. 67 Armed Gurnard, Mailed Gurnard, Malarmat, Peristedion Malarmat. c. flying gurnard, a flying fish of the family Cephalancanthidæ or Dactylopteridæ: see also quots. 1882, 1898 at sense 1aα. . ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > order Scorpaeniformes (scorpion-fish) > [noun] > member of Dactylopteridae (flying gurnards) flying fish?c1510 sea-swallow1598 sea-kite1601 swallow-fish1601 sea-bat1611 swallow1668 sea-hawka1717 batfish1848 wing-fish1855 flying gurnard1882 1882 Ogilvie's Imperial Dict. (new ed.) s.v. The flying gurnard is the T[rigla] volitans, which inhabits the Mediterranean, Atlantic, and Indian seas. 1898 E. E. Morris Austral Eng. (at cited word) The Flying Gurnet is Trigla polyommata..family Cottidæ. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1314
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