† grossn.1
Obsolete. rare.
A green fig; a young fig.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > tropical exotic fruit > fig > other types of
figs of Pharaoh?c1225
caprifigc1420
grossc1420
fig-dote1481
figling1612
sycamore-fig1615
fig-flower1719
fig-peepul1859
Smyrna fig1897
c1420 Pallad. on Husb. iv. 633 And premature yf that the list enlonge Their grossis, whenne as grete as benys be So tacke hem of.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online June 2021).
† grossn.2
Obsolete.
A name for various foreign coins (historically representing the medieval grossus or groat n.); e.g. the German groschen n., and the Italian grosso, worth about 3d.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > foreign coins > [noun] > other European
groata1387
markc1475
Philip?1482
caroline1555
sol1583
gross1638
obolus1761
tenpenny1822
ECU1970
1638 L. Roberts Merchants Mappe of Commerce clxxix. ii. 104 Their Accounts are heere [at Antwerpe] kept by Livers, Sol and Deniers, which they terme Pounds, Shillings and Pence of grosses, 12. grosses making a Sold, and 20. Sold a Liver or pound Flemish.
1638 L. Roberts Merchants Mappe of Commerce clxxx. ii. 111 A grosse is 6. deniers turnois.
a1639 D. Digges Compl. Ambassador (1655) 96 Queen Maries..Dowry [was] Three thousand pounds Flemish, after fourty grooz to the pound.
1673 Necessity Maintain. Estab. Relig. (ed. 5) 31 His Holiness..has valued the most horrid crimes at so easie rates as a few Grosses, or a Julio.
1686 London Gaz. No. 2177/3 The Letters from Buda..tell us, That 1000 Hey~dukes who have three Gross a day..are daily at work.
?1706 E. Hickeringill Priest-craft: 2nd Pt. viii. 73 To keep a Wench—will cost you Eight Groats, or Seven Grosso's, if a Lay-Man.]
?1706 E. Hickeringill Priest-craft: 2nd Pt. i. 7 For keeping a Concubine (if a Priest) 7 Gross;..but if a Lay-man keep a Miss, the price is—8 Gross.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2021).
grossn.3
/ɡrəʊs/, U.S. /ɡroʊs/ Twelve dozen. Not found in plural, the singular being used with numerals. Also small gross, in opposition to great gross = 12 gross (see great adj., n., adv., and int. Compounds 1c).
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > hundred and over > [noun] > a gross
gross1411
great dozen1474
1411 Close Roll, 12 Hen. IV 26 Apr. [To export from England to Ireland] unum groos de poyntes.
1480 Wardrobe Accts. Edward IV in N. H. Nicolas Privy Purse Expenses Elizabeth of York (1830) 150 A groos pointes of sylk of divers colours.
1495–7 in M. Oppenheim Naval Accts. & Inventories Henry VII (1896) 265 Bowes—cc; Strynges—v groce; Arowes—cccc sheffes.
1549 in Acts Privy Council (1890) II. 348 Bowe stringes, xl gros.
1601 B. Jonson Every Man in his Humor ii. iii. sig. E3v Masse then he vtters them [sc. sonnets] by the grosse . View more context for this quotation
1621 J. Taylor Superbiæ Flagellum sig. B8 Foureteene groce of buttons, and Gold lace.
1660 Act 12 Chas. II c. 4 Schedule at Bosses Bosses for Bridles the small groce, cont. 12 dozen jl.
1685 London Gaz. No. 2001/4 A Groce of Gimp Lace mixt with Tincy, a Groce of Silk Buttons.
1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 152 A Gross of Tobacco-Pipes.
1803 S. Pegge Anecd. Eng. Lang. 261 We call twelve dozen; i.e. twelve multiplied by itself a gross or grose by tale.
1805 T. Harral Scenes of Life II. 63 A manufacturer of ghosts and monsters by the gross.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online December 2020).
grossadj.n.4
/ɡrəʊs/, U.S. /ɡroʊs/ A. adj.
I. With reference to bulk.† 1. absolute.1624 H. Wotton Elements Archit. in Reliquiæ Wottonianæ (1651) 229 The length thereof shall be six Diameters, of the grossest of the Pillar below.† c. Of letters printed or written: Large. Obsolete.† d. gross meat [= French grosse viande] : the flesh of large animals. (Cf. gros chare in chare n.4 1.)The expression was used also in a different sense: see A. 12.† e. Of a voice: Big, loud, deep. Obsolete. rare.† f. Hawking. to fly gross, i.e. at great birds.† 3. Of conspicuous magnitude; palpable, striking; plain, evident, obvious, easy to apprehend or understand. Obsolete.quasi-adverb.a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) ii. iv. 82 To be receiued plaine, Ile speake more grosse: Your Brother is to dye. View more context for this quotation
a. Thick, stout, massive, big. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > largeness > [adjective] > of large volume or bulky > and solid
greateOE
stour?a1300
fata1325
mightyc1375
sternc1394
stiffc1400
massivec1425
mastiff1495
gross1516
massy1548
robustious1548
mountainousa1616
monumental1632
mountain1633
lusty1640
beamy1697
material1736
Himalayan1878
wodgy1907
monolith1922
14.. J. Lydgate Secrees 2660 With nekke to smal in proporcioun whoo be sene Is a fool..And ovir gross A lyeer detestable.
1516 St. Bridget (Pynson) in J. H. Blunt Mirror our Lady (1873) p. lvii Whiche fro hyr byrthe had a great grosse throte moche foule & dyfformyd.
1570 J. Dee in H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. Math. Præf. sig. diij It [sc. Architecture] is but for building, of a house, Pallace, Church, Forte, or such like, grosse workes.
1600 in J. Barmby Churchwardens' Accts. Pittington (1888) 132 For regestering the presentment into on grosse booke, iiij d.
1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear xx. 14 The crowes and choghes that wing the midway ayre Shew scarce so grosse as beetles. View more context for this quotation
1661 R. Boyle New Exper. Physico-mech. (1682) 95 The particles of the Air (being so gross as not easily to pervade the Pores of the Bladder).
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vi. 552 With heavie pace the Foe Approaching gross and huge. View more context for this quotation
1687 J. Dryden Hind & Panther iii. 111 Your finger is more gross than the great Monarch's loins.
1776 G. Semple Treat. Building in Water 39 The Piers being extremely gross, increased the Rapidity of the Water between them.
1794 R. Kirwan Elements Mineral. (ed. 2) I. 21 The grains will appear distinct, small or gross, coarse or fine.
b. Of a shoot or stalk: Thick, bulky. Now only (exc. dialect) with notion of abnormal growth: Luxuriant, rank.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by good growth > [adjective] > excessive in growth or too vigorous
rank1526
rowty1577
gross1578
over-rank1607
rowetya1722
prurient1822
the world > plants > part of plant > stem or stalk > [adjective] > having a stem or stalk > of certain size, shape, length, or colour
gross1578
zigzag1793
thick-stemmed1847
leggy1860
1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball i. xxvi. 39 Orpyne hath a round grosse brittell stem [Fr. a la tige ronde et espesse].
1597 J. Gerard Herball i. 176 A thicke soft grosse stalk.
a1682 Sir T. Browne Certain Misc. Tracts (1684) 11 An extraordinary Cluster, made up of many depending upon one gross stalk.
1747 J. Wesley Primitive Physick 109 Burn to Ashes..the gross Stalks on which the red Coleworts grow.
1863 J. R. Wise New Forest 283 Gross, often used in a good sense for luxuriant, and applied to the young green crops.
1881 Masters in Encycl. Brit. XII. 213/2 Strong-growing pears..are grafted on the quince stock in order to restrict their tendency to form ‘gross’ shoots.
1882 Garden 11 Mar. 169/1 Gross shoots and leaders only being tied in to check an uneven distribution of the sap.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > writing > handwriting or style of > [adjective] > large
gross1488
texted1620
majuscular1864
society > communication > printing > printed matter > printed character(s) > [adjective] > capital > large capital
gross1488
two-lined1683
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) vii. l. 110 The fyrst writtyng was gross letter off bras, The secound gold, the thrid was siluir scheyne.
1705 Wanley in T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. 4 Aug. (O.H.S.) I. 24 Ye King must have his Bible printed with a gross Letter.
1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. 182 The bill is then ordered to be engrossed, or written in a strong gross hand.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > [noun] > meat > other types of meat
gross meatc1460
fish1607
crimp-meat1656
small meata1662
second hand1694
slink1736
soup-meat1841
box meat1856
sacrifice meat1926
MRM1980
c1460 J. Russell Bk. Nurture 461 The maner & forme of kervynge of metes þat byn groos, afftur my symplenes y haue shewed.
1477 T. Norton Ordinall of Alchimy vii, in E. Ashmole Theatrum Chem. Britannicum (1652) 103 Such heate, As Cookes make when they roast grosse Meate.
1697 tr. Countess D'Aunoy's Trav. (1706) 46 When 'tis gross Meat, they fasten it to a String, and so let it hang on the Fire.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > quality of voice > [adjective] > loud or resonant
loud971
highlyOE
stithc1000
strongOE
steepc1275
stiff1377
strengthfula1382
gross1398
stentorious15..
open-mouthed?1533
wildc1550
preclare?1553
strainable1569
trolling1581
main1582
wide-mouthed1589
full-mouthed1594
wide-mouth?c1599
stentorian1606
trump-like1609
stentorophonic1678
strenuous1680
open-mouth1702
stentorial1754
stentoronic1762
full-throated1820
trumpety1822
Stentor1837
1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) vi. xii. 196 Males haue a more gretter and grosser voys in all maner of kynde of beestes.
ΚΠ
1659 J. Howell Particular Vocab. in Lex. Tetraglotton (1660) To fly grosse, viz. at great birds.
1677 E. Coles Eng. Dict. (new ed.) Fly gross when hawks fly at great Birds, as Cranes.
2. Of persons or animals: † c. Of a fruit: Full of pulp, large and succulent.
Thesaurus »
Categories »
a. Big-bodied, corpulent, burly. (Now only dialect) †the Gross: transl. of French le Gros as an epithet of certain Frankish and French sovereigns.
b. With mixture of other senses: Overfed, bloated with excess, unwholesomely or repulsively fat or corpulent. Hence said also of the ‘habit of body’.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > bodily shape or physique > broad shape or physique > [adjective] > fat or plump
fatc893
frimOE
fullOE
overfatOE
greatOE
bald1297
roundc1300
encorsivea1340
fattishc1369
fleshyc1369
fleshlyc1374
repletea1398
largec1405
corsious1430
corpulentc1440
corsyc1440
fulsome1447
portlyc1487
corporate1509
foggy fata1529
corsive1530
foggish?1537
plump1545
fatty1552
fleshful1552
pubble1566
plum1570
pursy1576
well-fleshed1576
gross?1577
fog1582
forfatted1586
gulchy1598
bouksome1600
fat-fed1607
meatified1607
chuff1609
plumpya1616
bloat1638
blowze-like1647
obese1651
jollya1661
bloated1664
chubbed1674
pluffya1689
puffya1689
pussy1688
sappy1694
crummy1718
chubby1722
fodgel1724
well-padded1737
beefy1743
plumpish1753
pudsy1754
rotund1762
portable1770
lusty1777
roundabout1787
well-cushioned1802
plenitudinous1803
stout1804
embonpointc1806
roly-poly1808
adipose1810
roll-about1815
foggy1817
poddy1823
porky1828
hide-blown1834
tubby1835
stoutish1836
tubbish1836
superfatted1841
pottle-bodied1842
pincushiony1851
opulent1882
well-covered1884
well-upholstered1886
butterball1888
endomorphic1888
tisty-tosty1888
pachyntic1890
barrel-bodied1894
overweight1899
pussy-gutted1906
upholstered1924
?1577 J. Northbrooke Spiritus est Vicarius Christi: Treat. Dicing 19 Surfetting lyke a grosse and swollen Epicure.
a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 46 James..quho was callit gros because he was corpolent and growin of body.
a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 47 This James callit gros James.
1584 T. Cogan Hauen of Health cciii. 170 A man who was before verie grosse and fat..within a yeare or two became slender.
1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 ii. v. 517 One of them is well known my gratious Lorde, a grosse fat man. View more context for this quotation
1609 Bible (Douay) I. Deut. xxxii. 15 The beloved was made grosse [L. incrassatus est].
1610 G. Carleton Iurisdict. 196 Charles the grosse then Emperor.
1640 J. Yorke Union of Honour 7 Doing his homage for the same to Lewis the Grosse, king of France.
1732 J. Arbuthnot Pract. Rules of Diet iv. 396 A full gross Habit of Body.
1744 E. Haywood Female Spectator (1748) I. 297 She had been observed, some months past, to be more gross than usual, and had affected to wear a loose dress.
1834 F. Marryat Peter Simple II. viii. 122 His gross habit of body rendered him very unfit for the climate.
1835 H. W. Longfellow Notary of Perigueux in Outre-Mer (1851) 113 He was a gross, corpulent fellow, raised from a full-blooded Gascon breed.
1880 M. A. Courtney W. Cornwall Words in M. A. Courtney & T. Q. Couch Gloss. Words Cornwall 26/1 Gross, stout; big. ‘A gross man’.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > [adjective] > qualities of fruit
mellow1440
mellowy?1440
chokely1578
gross1578
choky1597
racy1651
mealy1673
squashy1698
rusty-coat1782
1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball vi. xlii. 713 The sweete & grouse Peares [Fr. les poyres douces et grasses] are moystier and very little astringent.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > manifestation > manifestness > [adjective]
sutelc897
openeOE
ebera975
graithc1325
broadc1374
plainc1375
clearc1380
grossc1380
manifest1385
notoire1409
patent1508
sensible?1531
discovered1537
plain as a pikestaff (also packstaff, pad-staff)1542
palpable1545
demonstrative1552
plain as the nose on (in) one's face1560
illustrate1562
appearing1566
notorious1581
obvious1583
unshadowed1593
transparent1597
liquid1610
visible1614
pellucid1644
illustrious1654
apertive1661
conspectable1727
suggestive1806
c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 408 Hoolynesse of lif techiþ rude men by groos ensaumple.
1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More Vtopia sig. Oii They haue verye fewe lawes: and the playnner and grosser that anye interpretation is: that they allowe as most iuste.
1586 Earl of Leicester Corr. (1844) 331 These things be so grosse as all men see them.
1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 ii. v. 230 These lies are like their father that begets them, grosse as a mountaine, open, palpable. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) i. iii. 168 Now to all sence 'tis grosse: You loue my sonne. View more context for this quotation
1638 J. Ford Fancies iv. 54 Appeare, Spadone, my proofes are pregnant and grosse.
1690 J. Dryden Don Sebastian iii. i. 44 I might have mark'd it too: 'twas gross and palpable.
a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 212 Where he retracted all he had said, in so gross a manner, that [etc.].
1727 D. Defoe Syst. Magick i. i. 8 We should presently give him up for a Magician in the grossest Acceptation of the Word, and say in short that he deals with the Devil.
1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) §77 Which valediction, though in the gross sense, it might be said to contain little of Obligation.
4. Modifying nouns of evil import, and serving as an intensive of their meaning: Glaring, flagrant, monstrous.
a. with nouns denoting vices, errors, faults, etc.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > manifestation > manifestness > [adjective] > strikingly
notablea1398
staring?a1425
loud1535
gross1581
strong1583
signal1591
conspicuous1604
marked1620
remarked1623
ranka1640
signalized1652
bold1678
flaming1706
glaring1706
telegraphic1809
salient1841
howling1865
insistent1868
rampageous1889
1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 4 Or as though this your tedious quarell about this word Private did ought els, but bewray your grosse ignorance?
1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. iii. 8 To capitall heresies lesse inclined, yet vnto grosse superstition more.
1629 W. Prynne Church of Englands Old Antithesis 84 We must make..the effect more general then its cause, which were a grosse absurditie.
1692 R. Bentley Boyle Lect. i. 10 The gross Folly and stupidity of Atheists.
1709 G. Berkeley Ess. New Theory of Vision §75. 84 The gross Blunders, that Ingenious Men have been forced into.
1729 W. Law Serious Call ii. 16 So gross and prophane a sin.
1781 J. Moore View Soc. Italy (1790) I. xxxix. 431 The grossest sophistry will pass on men's understandings.
1809–10 S. T. Coleridge Friend (1865) 134 The errors of the aristocratic party were full as gross and far less excusable.
1845 S. Austin tr. L. von Ranke Hist. Reformation in Germany III. 47 It is full of the grossest improbabilities.
1847 G. Grote Hist. Greece IV. ii. xxvii. 64 An act of the grossest perfidy.
1880 C. R. Markham Peruvian Bark ix. 88 They [plants]..all died through gross carelessness in their removal to Darjiling.
1884 R. W. Church Bacon i. 26 Bacon is able..to show gross credulity and looseness of assertion on the part of the Roman Catholic advocate.
b. with personal designations.
ΚΠ
1638 T. Herbert Some Yeares Trav. (rev. ed.) 302 The idolaters beyond all measure grosse Demonomists.
1845 G. S. Faber Eight Diss. II. vi. iii. 30 No plea of conditionality..can save them from the charge of being gross impostors.
1869 A. Trollope He knew he was Right I. xx. 155 [He] had in his opinion made a gross fool of himself.
II. With reference to comprehensiveness.† 5. † b. a hundred gross = 112 lb. or 1 cwt. fifty gross = 56 lb. or ½ cwt. Obsolete.
a. Of a denomination of value or weight: Relatively large; containing lower denominations. Of a mode of reckoning: Proceeding by large units. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > [adjective] > of large denomination
gross1543
short1841
the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement by weighing > [adjective] > of denominations: large
gross1801
1543 R. Record Ground of Artes i. sig. M.iiii That I cal a grosse denomination, whiche doeth contayne vnder it manye other subtyler or smaler: as a pound in respecte to shyllynges, is a grosse denomination.
1680 H. More Apocalypsis Apocalypseos 123 The things foretold..are not to terminate on a year, but rather require that grosser numbring by Semitimes.
1682 J. Scarlett Stile of Exchanges 115 Bills payable in currant Moneys out of Bank, must be paid in large (Gross) Moneys, and not in small pieces, as Stivers.
1801 A. Ranken Hist. France I. i. v. 492 Corn and wine..may be bartered by the gross quantity.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement by weighing > [noun] > unit or denomination of weight > hundredweight
quintal1401
hundred1543
hundredweight1577
a hundred gross1659
the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement by weighing > [noun] > unit or denomination of weight > hundredweight > half of hundredweight
fifty gross1764
fifty-weight1840
1659 T. Willsford Scales of Comm. 2 In all Commodities where a hundred gross is mentioned, it is 112 lb.
1764 J. Eliot in Philos. Trans. 1763 (Royal Soc.) 53 58 The barrs of iron which have hitherto been made of sand, and from fifty to fifty gross, hope in time to have them reach to seventy pounds weight each.
6. † b. Main, the great majority of. Obsolete.
a. Entire, total, whole. Now only (opposed to net) of an amount, value, weight, number, or the like, before necessary deductions have been made. Also in adverbial phr. † gross sale: by wholesale. gross reproduction rate: a reproduction rate representing the average number of girls born to each woman of a population when deaths before the end of the child-bearing period are neglected, calculated from the average fertility rates of each age-group during the period considered.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > [adjective] > constituting or comprising a whole
aggregatec1400
totalc1400
universal?a1425
gross1523
versal1599
outright1845
the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > [adjective] > greatest in quantity, amount, or degree > before deductions
gross1523
the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > [noun] > reproduction rate
gross reproduction rate1928
net reproduction rate1928
1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Surueyeng xvii. f. xxxi Cast togider in one grose somme.
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xixv And therfore he that byeth grosse sale and retayleth must nedes be a wynnar.
?a1560 L. Digges Geom. Pract.: Pantometria (1571) iii. i. sig. P iv v The producte is the grosse capacitie.
a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) iv. i. 184 The most hollow louer..that may bee chosen out of the grosse band of the vnfaithfull. View more context for this quotation
1660 T. Willsford Scales Commerce & Trade 23 The Tare..subtracted from the grosse weight.
1769 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) I. vii. 49 I dare say you will not sell it either for a gross sum, or for an annuity upon lives.
1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations I. i. xi. 212 A sixth part of the gross produce may be reckoned the average rent of the tin mines of Cornwal. View more context for this quotation
1804 ‘Ignotus’ Culina 109 The gross amount is one hundred and ninety nine times.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. iii. 388 The net receipt was little short of fifty thousand pounds..The gross receipt was about seventy thousand pounds.
1857 W. Whewell Hist. Inductive Sci. (ed. 3) II. 229 Making a gross number of above 8000.
1869 W. E. Gladstone Juventus Mundi v. 143 The gross figures of the chronology may be exaggerated.
1879 J. Lubbock Addresses, Polit. & Educ. viii. 149 Over-insurance, insurance of gross-freight, and the law as regards seaworthiness on time policies.
1896 Law Times 100 508/1 The gross personal estate is sworn at £37,405..the net at £29,389.
1928 R. R. Kuczynski Balance Births & Deaths I. ii. 25 1·958 would then be what we may call the gross reproduction rate of Sweden in 1891–1900.
1945 New Biol. 1 42 A gross reproduction rate sustained at a level below 1·0 signifies that no reduction of mortality could save the community from eventual extinction.
1970 W. D. Borrie Growth & Control World Population vi. 146 In terms of the gross reproduction rate there seems little danger of population decline among European peoples.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > [adjective] > constituting main or major part
mosteOE
muchc1225
main1579
major1593
gross1692
1692 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) II. 502 Admirall Russell with the grosse fleet arrived at Torbay on Friday last.
1793 E. Gibbon Misc. Wks. (1814) III. 562 The gross mass of the laity..were more addicted to the exercises of the body than to those of the mind.
c. gross national product, the total monetary value of all goods produced and services provided in a country during one year.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > monetary value > [noun] > value of all goods produced
gross national product1947
society > occupation and work > industry > manufacture or production > [noun] > value of goods produced
GNP1944
gross national product1947
gross domestic product1951
1947 J. F. Dewhurst America's Needs & Resources i. iv. 52/1 Gross national product represents the gross value of all the goods and services produced by business enterprises, including farmers, professional persons and other self-employed individuals.
1962 Listener 17 May 836/1 Economic growth is a purely materialistic concept. The rate of growth is usually defined as the rate of increase in gross national product or in gross national product per head, that is productivity, gross national product itself being the sum of all goods and services for which money changes hands.
1969 Times 12 Feb. 9/1 Although the gross national product (g.n.p.) may be increasing at about 4 per cent a year, it has to be shared out among a population growing at 2·5 per cent.
7. Concerned with large masses or outlines; general, opposed to particular. Now chiefly with reference to Anatomy or Pathology, opposed to microscopic. †gross average = general average (see average n.2 4).
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > generality > [adjective] > not specified > general or not detailed
universal?c1425
gross1433
summary1529
general1538
generalized1768
broad1860
slumpy1864
light-touch1949
1433 J. Lydgate Legend St. Edmund iii. 927 Ingland hath suffryd this tribut ful terryble, Fond fauour noon, groos nor particuler.
a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. lxxxxiiii All grose maters that concernyd the gouernaunce of his Realme.
1702 S. Patrick Comm. Josh. xvi. 8 This is the inheritance of the tribe of Ephraim by their families.—A gross description of it.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Average For gross or common Average to have Place.
1749 D. Hartley Observ. Man i. ii. 141 To determine the Seat of the Pain within gross Limits.
1755 N. Magens Ess. Insurances I. 6 The Damage should not have been declared a gross Average, but a particular one on the Goods damaged.
1887 Amer. Jrnl. Psychol. 1 209 Anatomical results have a reputation for superior credibility, and it is a generally accepted idea that within the limits of gross anatomy the reputation is well grounded.
1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. II. 849 A supposed drunken fit which may eventually turn out to be a state due to gross cerebral lesion.
III. With reference to density or consistency.† 9. ‘Solid’ in the geometrical sense; having three dimensions. Obsolete. rare.† 10. Of a body of armed men: Compact, solid.
8. Dense, thick. (Often with mixture of the sense of branch A. IV.)† a. of liquids, soils, and things generally. Obsolete.absolute.1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam xl. 62 As flies the lighter thro' the gross . View more context for this quotation
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > constitution of matter > density or solidity > [adjective]
thickc888
fastOE
sada1375
massya1382
sounda1387
massya1398
corpulent1398
grossa1475
tight1513
massive1526
spiss?1527
solid?1533
thight1539
solidate1542
crass1545
bodily1557
spissy1570
dense1599
consolid1613
materiate1626
crassy1630
cakey1705
rocky1825
a1475 Bk. Quinte Essence (1889) 5 Lift vp þe glas as it stondith, and ȝe schal se in þickenes and cleernesse a difference bitwene þe quintam essenciam sublymed, and þe grose mater þat is in þe necke.
1541 T. Elyot Castel of Helthe (new ed.) i. 2 The urine redde & grosse.
1563 B. Googe Eglogs Epytaphes & Sonettes sig. G.ii And put my Plow, in grosse vntylled soyle.
1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball iii. x. 329 It cureth the blooddy flixe..being..dronken with some astringent liquor, as..grosse and thicke redde wine.
1608 E. Topsell Hist. Serpents 304 Beaten together with the grosest decoction of bitter Lupines.
1671 W. Salmon Synopsis Medicinæ iii. xxiv. 454 Staphsacre, the seed is Emetick, and brings forth gross Flegm with violence.
1691 J. Ray Wisdom of God 34 The..most subtile Body..may become as gross, and heavy, and stiff as Steel or Stone.
b. of air, vapour, darkness. archaic or poetic.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > gas > air > [adjective] > specific qualities of (the) air > thick or turbid
troublyc1380
greata1398
murkc1480
mistyc1485
foggyc1487
troublea1500
grossa1592
fat1598
filthya1616
thick1626
murky1667
turbid1705
solid1807
the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > [adjective] > intensely dark > thick or dense (of night or darkness)
thicka900
close1532
thicky1587
grossa1592
murky1814
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cloud > mist > [adjective] > dense or dark (of mist, fog, or weather)
thicka1000
murk1609
gross1785
greasya1825
troubled1855
the world > matter > gas > [adjective] > of the nature of fumes or vapour > smoky, thick, etc.
smokyc1374
thick1626
vaporo-sulphureous1676
turbid1705
grossa1822
a1592 H. Smith Wks. (1867) II. 64 The darkness of Egypt, the which, as Moses saith, was so gross that it might be felt.
1660 R. Boyle New Exper. Physico-mechanicall xvii. 124 The difference of the grosser English Air, and that of Italy and France.
1714 A. Pope Rape of Lock (new ed.) ii. 15 Or suck the Mists in grosser Air below, Or dip their Pinions in the painted Bow.
1785 W. Cowper Task iii. 495 Like a gross fog Bœotian rising fast.
a1822 P. B. Shelley Charles I ii, in Wks. (1870) II. 389 I saw a gross vapour hovering in a stinking ditch.
1839 H. W. Longfellow Celestial Pilot 2 Through the gross vapours, Mars grows fiery red.
c. said of things material or perceptible to the senses, as contrasted with what is spiritual, ethereal, or impalpable.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > materiality > [adjective] > material or not spiritual
fleshlyc1175
bodilya1340
temporalc1380
worldyc1380
claylya1400
elementaryc1440
mondiala1500
gross1509
fleshly-wise1542
elemental1574
outward1574
natural1581
terrestrene1599
elementated1605
sublunary1609
temporarya1616
subluminary1625
sublunar1625
outwardlya1642
material1843
intramundane1845
unethereal1861
naturistic1886
1509 J. Fisher Mornynge Remembraunce Countesse of Rychemonde (de Worde) sig. Biii v It [the body when it dieth] is so grosse yt it occupyeth a rowme.
1530 J. Rastell New Bk. Purgatory ii. vi. sig. c3 The soule of man may vse hys operacyon and properte wythout occupyenge of that grosse bodye.
1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. iii. 155 Those grosser, and far more material, Effluviums, from Electrical and Aromatical Bodies.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vi. 661 Spirits of purest light, Purest at first, now gross by sinning grown. View more context for this quotation
1700 J. Dryden tr. G. Boccaccio Cymon & Iphigenia in Fables 559 They gave you Love to lighten up your Mind, And purge the grosser Parts.
1736 Bp. J. Butler Analogy of Relig. i. i. 24 It does not appear..that the Relation of this gross Body to the reflecting Being, is..necessary to Thinking.
1841 M. Elphinstone Hist. India I. ii. v. 221 At birth, each soul is invested with a subtile body, which again is clad in a grosser body.
1855 D. Brewster Mem. Life I. Newton (new ed.) I. vi. 145 He supposes a subtle and elastic ether to pervade all gross bodies.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > geometry > shape or figure > [adjective] > three-dimensional
solidc1430
gross?a1560
?a1560 L. Digges Geom. Pract.: Pantometria (1571) iii. Defs. sig. Piv A Sphere is a grosse or solide body comprehended of one conuex Superficies.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military operations > distribution of troops > formation > [adjective] > compact or solid
entire1569
gross1579
1579 G. Fenton tr. F. Guicciardini Hist. Guicciardin vii. 399 The Almaines..casting themselues in a grosse squadron, their wiues in the middest, made a valiaynt defence for certayne howres.
a1608 F. Vere Comm. (1657) 77 The enemy, seeing no grosse troop to follow them, began to take heart.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 570 Another part in Squadrons and gross Bands, On bold adventure to discover wide That dismal world. View more context for this quotation
1672 J. Dryden Conquest Granada ii. iii. i. 106 I can, with few, their gross Battalion face.
IV. With reference to texture or quality; coarse.† 11. † b. Of a file, whetstone, etc.: Coarse, rough. Obsolete.† 12.
a. Consisting of comparatively large parts or particles. Hence, in disparaging sense: Wanting in fineness or delicacy of texture, granulation, or outline. gross grinding n. that which leaves the substance in coarse particles. (Opposed to fine Cf. coarse adj. 2)Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > constitution of matter > other specific kinds of texture > [adjective] > coarse
greateOE
hardOE
boistous1398
hask?a1425
roidc1485
gross?1504
gruff1533
coarse1582
stoggie1825
broad1908
?1504 W. Atkinson tr. Thomas à Kempis Ful Treat. Imytacyon Cryste (Pynson) i. xxv. 178 They be porely fedde, content with vyle & grosse clothynge.
1525 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles II. ccxv. [ccxi.] 661 Many had no armure but their cootes of wadmoll, and course grose clothe.
1549 in Acts Privy Council (1890) II. 350 Fine corne powder, ij last; gros [ditto].
1584 T. Cogan Hauen of Health cxxvii. 111 Take a pounde of good Cinamom and beate it grosse.
1599 J. Welsh in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (new ed.) II. ii. 131 We sounded and had 15 fadom water and grosse red sand.
1624 H. Wotton Elements Archit. in Reliquiæ Wottonianæ (1651) 291 That fine and delicate Sculptures be helped with Neerness, and Gross with distance.
1651 J. French Art Distillation iii. 78 With red hot gross powder of brick imbibe the water.
1725 D. Defoe Tour Great Brit. II. iii. 313 As the Stone is of a reddish, crumbling Kind..Time has made it look gross and rough.
1742 W. Ellis London & Country Brewer (ed. 4) I. 72 A gross Grinding is best.
1744 J. Thomson Summer in Seasons (new ed.) 91 The Parent-Sun himself..the roseat Bloom Of Beauty blasting, gives the gloomy Hue, And Feature gross.
1749 T. Nugent Grand Tour I. 33 Both men and women [Dutch] have the grossest shapes.
1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) §186 I afterwards added..tarras, or other gross matter.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > unevenness > [adjective] > rough
unsmeetheOE
sharpc893
rowOE
reofOE
roughOE
unplaina1393
harsha1400
scrofc1400
stourc1400
ruggyc1405
asperous1547
harshy1582
shagged1589
horrid1590
unsmooth1598
gross1606
asperate1623
brute1627
scabbed1630
sleazy1644
rasping1656
scaber1657
asper1681
shaggy1693
gruff1697
grating1766
hackly1794
ruvid1837
scrubby1856
unkind1866
raspy1882
ruckly1923
sandpapery1957
1606 G. Chapman Monsieur D'Oliue in Plays (1873) I. 237 I am ashamde of my selfe that euer I chusde such a Grosse~blocke to whet my wits on.
1658 tr. G. della Porta Nat. Magick x. ix. 264 Shave off the peal [of a Citron] with a gross Steal-File.
1680 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. xiii. 221 Its sharp Edge scrapes or shaves off the little roughness the grosser Tools left upon the Work.
a. Of articles of food, or commodities of any kind: Coarse, inferior, common. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > [adjective]
evil971
lowc1175
poor?c1225
feeblec1275
vilea1300
petty1372
unthende1377
secondary1386
petitc1390
unmeeta1393
illa1400
commonc1400
coarse1424
indigent1426
unlikelyc1450
lesser1464
gross1474
naughty1526
inferior1531
reprobate?1545
slender1577
unlikely1578
puny1579
under1580
wooden1592
sordid1596
puisne1598
provant1601
subministrant1604
inferious1607
sublunary1624
indifferent1638
undermatched1642
unworthy1646
underly1648
turncoated1650
female1652
undergraduate1655
farandinical1675
baddishc1736
ungenerous1745
understrapping1762
tinnified1794
demi-semi1805
shabby1805
dicky1819
poor white1821
tin-pot1838
deterior1848
substandard1850
crumby1859
cheesy1863
po'1866
not-quite1867
rocky1873
mouldy1876
low-grade1878
sketchy1878
midget1879
junky1880
ullaged1892
abysmal1904
bodgie1905
junk1908
crap1936
ropy1941
bodger1945
two-star1951
tripey1955
manky1958
schlocky1960
cack1978
wank1991
bowf1994
1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) iii. i. 80 Many fooles..daigne not to vse groos metes of labourers.
?c1530 Proverbys Howsolde-kepyng in F. J. Furnivall Polit., Relig., & Love Poems (1866) 29 Feede thi howce with groce, & not with delycate meete.
1590 tr. P. Ubaldini Disc. Spanishe inuading Eng. 1588 11 Casting off the bulke of her togither with certaine grosse stufef therein, as..altogither vnprofitable.
1622 F. Bacon Hist. Raigne Henry VII 188 Shippes of London-Merchants, fraught with some grosse and slight Wares.
1629 J. Wadsworth Eng. Spanish Pilgrime viii. 78 (margin) This grossura, is the same with that wee call grosse meat.
a1687 W. Petty Polit. Arithm. (1691) i. 20 One sort of Vessels..for cheap gross Goods, another for..precious Commodities.
1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 267 Dealing only in Fish, and Oil, and such gross Commodities.
1763 Brit. Mag. 4 547 Nor matters it, the joint how coarse, or gross, Where a good stomach is the best of sauce.
b. Of diet: †(a) In early use, plain, not delicate; (b) in later use, uncleanly or repulsive in quality. gross feeder, one who feeds grossly; said transferred of plants.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > diet > [adjective] > plain
hard1546
sparea1571
gross1599
unexciting1880
the world > food and drink > food > diet > [adjective] > repulsive
gross1836
the world > plants > by nutrition or respiration > [noun] > that takes too much soil
peeler1580
piller1615
gross feeder1845
the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > processes or manners of eating > [noun] > eating coarsely > coarse eater
gross feeder1845
1599 H. Buttes Dyets Dry Dinner sig. E7v Best in cold weather, for grosse and homely feeders.
1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors 85 The subjection in which they are born, and the grosse feeding they have..they are taught to be content with any thing.
1836 E. W. Lane Acct. Manners & Customs Mod. Egyptians II. Suppl. ii. 347 Their diet is extremely gross.
1845 Florist's Jrnl. 6 57 All the cultivated alliaceous plants that I am acquainted with are what may be termed gross feeders.
1861 G. J. Whyte-Melville Market Harborough 32 ‘Well, sir’, says I, ‘the mare's a gross feeder’.
13. † b. Of workmanship, method of proceeding, etc.: Rough, ‘rough and ready’; clumsy. Obsolete.† c. Wanting in clearness or definiteness; rough, approximate, general, indefinite. Of an instrument: Wanting in delicacy. Obsolete.
a. Lacking in delicacy of perception; dull, stupid. Obsolete of persons, their opinions and utterances; archaic of faculties, after Matthew xiii. 15.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > stupidity, dullness of intellect > [adjective]
sloweOE
stuntc960
dullOE
hardOE
stuntlyc1000
sotc1050
dillc1175
dulta1225
simplea1325
heavy1340
astonedc1374
sheepishc1380
dull-witteda1387
lourd1390
steerishc1411
ass-likea1425
brainless?a1439
deafc1440
sluggishc1450
short-witted1477
obtuse1509
peakish1519
wearish1519
deaf, or dumb as a beetle1520
doileda1522
gross1526
headlessa1530
stulty1532
ass-headed1533
pot-headed1533
stupid?1541
sheep's head1542
doltish1543
dumpish1545
assish1548
blockish1548
slow-witted1548
blockheaded1549
surd1551
dull-headed1552
hammer-headed1552
skit-brained?1553
buzzardly1561
witless1562
log-headeda1566
assy1566
sottish1566
dastardly1567
stupidious1567
beetle-headed1570
calvish1570
bluntish1578
cod's-headed1578
grout-headed1578
bedaft1579
dull-pated1580
blate1581
buzzard-like1581
long-eared1582
dullard1583
woodena1586
duncical1588
leaden-headed1589
buzzard1592
dorbellical1592
dunstical1592
heavy-headeda1593
shallow-brained1592
blunt-witted1594
mossy1597
Bœotian1598
clay-brained1598
fat1598
fat-witted1598
knotty-pated1598
stupidous1598
wit-lost1599
barren1600
duncifiedc1600
lourdish1600
stockish1600
thick1600
booby1603
leaden-pated1603
partless1603
thin-headed1603
leaden-skulledc1604
blockhead1606
frost-brained1606
ram-headed1608
beef-witted1609
insulse1609
leaden-spirited1609
asininec1610
clumse1611
blockheadly1612
wattle-headed1613
flata1616
logger-headeda1616
puppy-headeda1616
shallow-patedc1616
thick-brained1619
half-headed1621
buzzard-blinda1625
beef-brained1628
toom-headed1629
thick-witted1634
woollen-witted1635
squirrel-headed1637
clod-pated1639
lean-souled1639
muddy-headed1642
leaden-witteda1645
as sad as any mallet1645
under-headed1646
fat-headed1647
half-witted1647
insipid1651
insulsate1652
soft-headed1653
thick-skulleda1657
muddish1658
non-intelligent1659
whey-brained1660
sap-headed1665
timber-headed1666
leather-headeda1668
out of (one's) tree1669
boobily1673
thoughtless1673
lourdly1674
logger1675
unintelligenta1676
Bœotic1678
chicken-brained1678
under-witted1683
loggerhead1684
dunderheaded1692
unintelligible1694
buffle-headed1697
crassicc1700
numbskulled1707
crassous1708
doddy-polled1708
haggis-headed1715
niddy-noddy1722
muzzy1723
pudding-headed1726
sumphish1728
pitcher-souleda1739
duncey1743
hebete1743
chuckheaded1756
dumb1756
duncely1757
imbecile1766
mutton-headed1768
chuckle-headed1770
jobbernowl1770
dowfarta1774
boobyish1778
wittol1780
staumrel1787
opaquec1789
stoopid1791
mud-headed1793
borné1795
muzzy-headed1798
nog-headed1800
thick-headed1801
gypit1804
duncish1805
lightweight1809
numbskull1814
tup-headed1816
chuckle-pate1820
unintellectuala1821
dense1822
ninnyish1822
dunch1825
fozy1825
potato-headed1826
beef-headed1828
donkeyish1831
blockheadish1833
pinheaded1837
squirrel-minded1837
pumpkin-headed1838
tomfoolish1838
dundering1840
chicken-headed1842
like a bump on a log1842
ninny-minded1849
numbheadeda1852
nincompoopish1852
suet-brained1852
dolly1853
mullet-headed1853
sodden1853
fiddle-headed1854
numb1854
bovine1855
logy1859
crass1861
unsmart1861
off his chump1864
wooden-headed1865
stupe1866
lean-minded1867
duffing1869
cretinous1871
doddering1871
thick-head1873
doddling1874
stupido1879
boneheaded1883
woolly-headed1883
leaden-natured1889
suet-headed1890
sam-sodden1891
dopey1896
turnip-headed1898
bonehead1903
wool-witted1905
peanut-headed1906
peanut-brained1907
dilly1909
torpid-minded1909
retardate1912
nitwitted1917
meat-headed1918
mug1922
cloth-headed1925
loopy1925
nitwit1928
lame-brained1929
dead from the neck up1930
simpy1932
nail-headed1936
square-headed1936
dingbats1937
pinhead1939
dim-witted1940
pea-brained1942
clueless1943
lobotomized1943
retarded1949
pointy-headed1950
clottish1952
like a stunned mullet1953
silly (or crazy) as a two-bob watch1954
out to lunch1955
pin-brained1958
dozy1959
eejity1964
out of one's tiny mind1965
doofus1967
twitty1967
twittish1969
twatty1975
twattish1976
blur1977
dof1979
goofus1981
dickheaded1991
dickish1991
numpty1992
cockish1996
1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection Pref. sig. Aiiv My wyt is grosse, my selfe rude, & my tong very barbarouse.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Matt. xiii. 15 For ye hert of this people is waxed grosse, & their eares are thick of hearinge.
1578 J. Lyly Euphues f. 73 Such grosse questions are to be aunswered with slender reasons.
c1580 tr. Bugbears i. ii, in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1897) 98 Is his head so grosse, that you can bob him?
1602 T. Fitzherbert Def. Catholyke Cause xii. f. 38v Our aduersaries..shew themselues very grosse in that they seeke to abolish altogeather the vse of Images.
1645 J. Milton Arcades in Poems 55 The heavenly tune, which none can hear Of human mould with grosse unpurged ear.
1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors 80 The opinion the Muscovites have of themselves..is sottish, gross, and impertinent.
1691 J. Ray Wisdom of God 40 Our Eyes and Senses..are too gross to discern the curiosity of the Workmanship of Nature.
1727 D. Defoe Syst. Magick i. i. 10 Attempted by the grossest and dullest Fancies on Earth.
1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth II. 185 The grossest, and yet the most useful of all the senses, is that of feeling.
1823 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto VII lxxvii. 103 Suwarrow,—who but saw things in the gross, Being much too gross to see them in detail.
1844 J. G. Whittier Ezekiel 105 Men..gross of ear, of vision dim.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > ability > inability > unskilfulness > [adjective] > unskilled in art or craft > unskilfully made or done > rough or crude
gross1513
incult1599
infabricated1623
rough1680
artless1695
crude1786
blockish1880
hairy1914
1513 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid i. Prol. 312 My werk is mair obscure and gross.
1594 H. Plat Jewell House i. 43 Hops..whose poles stand vpright after our ordenary and grosse manner.
1600 T. Dekker Shomakers Holiday sig. D3 Fine Ladies, my lads, commit their feete to our apparelling, put grosse worke to Hans.
1625 F. Bacon Ess. Gardens i. 11 Without which, [Gardens] Buildings and Pallaces are but Grosse Handy-works.
1648 Bp. J. Wilkins Math. Magick ii. iv. 173 But this would have been too grosse a way for so excellent an artificer.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > generality > [adjective] > not specified > indefinite
gross1534
indefinite1561
indefinitive1598
general1601
loose1609
undetermined1611
vaguea1661
indeterminate1773
tenuousa1817
vaguish1818
1534 T. More Treat. Passion in Wks. 1320/1 Many a poore simple soule with a groce playne faythe.
1684 R. Waller tr. Ess. Nat. Exper. Acad. del Cimento 7 This Instrument [a thermometer] is more gross then the rest.
1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding iii. x. 248 Some gross and confused Conceptions Men indeed..have, to which they apply the common Words of their Language.
1692 J. Dryden All for Love (new ed.) Pref. sig. b2v The Crowd cannot be presum'd to have more than a gross instinct, of what pleases or displeases them.
1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson ii. v. 181 The gross estimations of heat and cold which every one makes from his own sensation.
1749 D. Hartley Observ. Man i. iii. 269 The First ascertains the Ideas belonging to Words and Phrases in a gross Manner.
1768 Woman of Honor II. 128 Mr. Salway..not so much as knowing where he lived, but on a gross guess that it might be at his mother's, gave directions for his being carried thither.
1794 R. Kirwan Elements Mineral. (ed. 2) I. Pref. 6 The gross indications of the unassisted senses.
1818 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. (ed. 2) II. 467 The expression of not being assets is a gross expression.
14. † b. Of a language, dialect: Rude, uncultivated. Of expressions: Unlearned, uncultured, untechnical.
a. Of persons: Rude, uninstructed, ignorant. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > want of knowledge, ignorance > [adjective]
unlearedeOE
untowenc1000
unwittyc1000
skillessc1175
uncouthc1220
lewda1225
lorelessa1300
simplea1325
layc1330
uncunning1340
untaughtc1340
unknowingc1350
rudea1382
roida1400
unquainta1400
ignorant?c1400
unlearnedc1400
misknowing?a1425
simple-hearted?c1425
unknownc1475
unkenningc1480
unweeting1483
nescienta1500
craftlessc1530
misliterate1532
sillya1547
ingram1553
gross1561
inscient1578
borowe1579
plain-headeda1586
empirical1588
rudeful1589
lack-learning1590
learnless?1593
wotless?1594
ingrant1597
untutored1597
small-knowing1598
uninstructed1598
unlearnt1609
unread1609
unware?1611
nescious1623
inscious1633
inscientifical1660
uninformed1702
unaware1704
unable1721
unsuspecting1776
inerudite1801
ill-informed1824
incognoscent1827
unminded1831
unknowledgeable1837
knowledgelessc1843
parviscient1862
clueless1943
1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. i. f. 19 Peter and John..all grosse vnlerned men, had learned nothing in mennes schole.
1563 2nd Tome Homelyes Agst. Idolatry iii. 67 b The ignoraunt and grosse people.
1598 R. Barret Theorike & Pract. Mod. Warres i. 5 Comparaisoned, as the Phisition Theorike to the grosse practitioner.
1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 712 The Inhabitants were so grosse before they were discovered, that they knew not the use of fire.
1833 S. Hoole Disc. v. 67 His studies confined to one single book, the law of a gross unlettered people.
1857 H. T. Buckle Hist. Civilisation Eng. I. viii. 517 They easily gained over the ordinary citizens who were then a gross and uneducated body.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > a language > register > [adjective] > vulgar
gross1513
society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > inelegance > [adjective]
wanmola1325
rudea1393
lewdc1425
rustyc1425
unpolisheda1450
roidc1485
inelegant1509
gross1513
rough?1520
barbarous1526
ineloquent1532
inconcinnate1534
crabby1550
crabbed1561
uneloquent1565
unelegant1570
unkempt1579
unfiled1590
illiterate1598
unconceived1599
aliterate1624
incompta1628
scabbed1630
uncombed1633
uncompt1633
uncouth1694
coarse1699
slatternly1783
crude1786
warty1822
stumbling1859
1513 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid i. Prol. 43 I wald into my rurale wlgar gros, Write sum savoring of thi Eneados.
1590 R. Harvey Plaine Percevall sig. C2 Vse a grosse tearme amongst huntsmen in chaze, you shall be leasht for your labor.
1638 F. Junius Painting of Ancients 248 He grew..to have..an eloquent tongue, without any affectation or grosse countrey termes.
1670 S. Wilson Lassels's Voy. Italy (new ed.) Pref. sig. āv [They] spoke but course Lombard language, and grosse Scotch.
1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall III. liii. 315 The vulgar dialect of the city was gross and barbarous.
15. Extremely coarse in behaviour or morals; brutally lacking in refinement or decency.absolute.1829 I. Taylor Nat. Hist. Enthusiasm (1867) ii. 31 It will not be so with the gross and the uneducated.
a. of persons.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > [adjective] > ill-mannered > unrefined > specifically of persons
uplandisha1387
rustyc1485
rustical?1532
gross?1533
rusticc1550
rough-hewn1591
unfashioned1606
unpolite1674
crude1722
uncouth1732
piggish1742
rough-spun1768
coarse-graineda1774
coarse-fibred1872
rough as guts1919
society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > moral or spiritual impurity > indecency > [adjective] > extremely
ranka1529
gross?1533
coarse1711
the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > [adjective] > ill-mannered > unrefined > specifically of persons > very
gross?1533
?1533 G. Du Wes Introductorie for to lerne Frenche sig. Sii Grose folke of rude affection Dronkerdes..Lubbers, knaues.
c1620 in E. Farr Sel. Poetry Reign James I (1848) 95 Love's a starre grosse hearts refining.
1642 D. Rogers Naaman 50 Rests upon his smooth civill bottome, that he is no grosse person.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 491 Belial..then whom a Spirit more lewd Fell not from Heaven, or more gross to love Vice for it self. View more context for this quotation
1693 J. Dryden tr. Juvenal in J. Dryden et al. tr. Juvenal Satires vi. 122 Agamemnon's Wife Was a gross Butcher, with a bloody Knife.
1772 E. Burke Corr. (1844) I. 402 The Turks..grow more gross in the very native soil of civility and refinement.
1817 T. Moore Lalla Rookh 178 Beauty, curtain'd from the sight Of the gross world.
1874 G. Bancroft Footpr. of Time i. 59 A people are debased and gross in proportion to their ignorance.
1881 Evans in Sp. Com. 1 Cor. Introd. 239 Society of high culture, but in morals lax, even gross.
b. of habits, language, pleasures, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > [adjective] > ill-mannered > unrefined > very
gross1598
society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > moral or spiritual impurity > indecency > [adjective] > extremely > of actions, etc.
gross1598
1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost i. i. 29 The grosser manner of these worldes delyghts: He throwes vppon the grosse worlds baser slaues. View more context for this quotation
1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan i. viii. 38 The acquisition of the grosse pleasures of the Senses.
1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World i. 169 The Motive of their Adoration being that of meer Terror, they have certainly gross Ideas.
1777 J. Priestley Doctr. Philos. Necessity 189 You will blush when you reflect a moment upon things so very gross as these.
1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1749 I. 103 [Paraphrasing Johnson:] Some of them [sc. Juvenal's Satires]..were too gross for imitation.
1838 E. Brown Serm. iv. 65 Some are under the dominion of the grosser lusts, as drunkenness and sensuality.
c1850 Arabian Nights (Rtldg.) 400 He at length broke out in terms of the grossest abuse, and altogether unworthy a king.
1877 ‘Rita’ Vivienne i. i. 15 Of life in its grosser, harsher phases Albert knew scarce anything.
B. n.4† 1. by gross adv. Obsolete in large quantities, wholesale.† 4. † 5. Chiefly Military. A large body; a mass. Obsolete.in extended use.1667 J. Dryden Annus Mirabilis 1666 ccxxxiii. 59 The fire, mean time, walks in a broader gross.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > other trading methods > [adverb] > in large quantities
by gross1500
1500 in Hist. MSS Comm.: 10th Rep.: App. Pt. V: MSS Marquis of Ormonde &c. (1885) 391 in Parl. Papers (C. 4576-I) XLII. 1 To sell the said warres..as well by grosse as retaylle.
1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost v. ii. 319 We that sell by grosse..Haue not the grace to grace it with such show. View more context for this quotation
1660 T. Willsford Scales Commerce & Trade 103 Merchandizes and all Commodities are sold either by number, weight, or measure, and those by gross or retail.
2. in gross, in the gross [French en gros.] † b. In a body; ‘en masse’. Obsolete.† c. In bulk, in large quantities, on a large scale, wholesale: opposed to by (†in) retail. Obsolete.† d. In full; nothing being omitted or withheld. Obsolete.† f. In solid form. Obsolete.
a. In a general way, generally, without going into particulars; in the main, on the whole. Cf. A. 7. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > generality > in general [phrase] > in general terms or not in detail
in substancec1425
in gross1430
at large1533
generally speaking1549
in generality1563
in the general1584
as to the general1617
in general1621
by and large1707
in the vague1851
1430–40 J. Lydgate tr. Bochas Fall of Princes (1554) vi. xi. 158 This tragedy of the great Pompey Declareth in grose the chief occasion. Why he and Cesar gan fyrst to werrey.
1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice iii. ii. 158 The full summe of me is sume of something: which to terme in grosse, is an vnlessond girle. View more context for this quotation
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 127 The measure of the sea coast..I wil expresse generally and in grosse.
1625 C. Burges New Discouery Personal Tithes 49 The former Statutes spake of them [Personal Tithes] only in Grosse; This declareth of what in particular they shall arise.
a1626 J. Horsey Disc. Imploym. in E. A. Bond Russia at Close of 16th Cent. (1856) App. ii. 296 I was..greevosly complayned of to hir Majestie in grose.
1682 J. Dryden Religio Laici 20 Th' unletter'd Christian, who believes in gross, Plods on to Heaven; and ne'er is at a loss.
1686 J. Scott Christian Life: Pt. II II. vii. 1361 It cannot be supposed that the God of truth would approve any Doctrine in the gross, if any part or Proposition of it had been false.
1707 in Colonial Rec. Pennsylvania (1852) II. 370 He could very easily deny these articles in Gross.
1749 D. Hartley Observ. Man i. iii. 351 That Uncertainty and Confusion, to which Persons who take things merely in the gross, are liable.
1775 E. Burke Speech Resol. for Concil. Colonies 47 You cannot refuse in the gross, what you have so often acknowledged in detail.
1822 W. Hazlitt Table-talk (1869) 2nd Ser. iv. 107 We take things in the gross or in the detail, according to the occasion.
1874 R. C. Trench Sacred Lat. Poetry (ed. 3) Pref. 10 It is the duty of each successive age of the Church, as not to accept the past in the gross, so neither in the gross to reject it.
1899 Daily News 29 July 6/6 To take away in detail what seems to be given in the gross.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > the whole or all > that is all or the whole [phrase] > all collectively en masse
in generala1393
in gross1508
by the lump1522
in universal1532
at large1598
in the lump1624
in (the) massa1631
at the great1699
by or in (the) slump1795
en masse1802
in a slump1827
en bloc1861
in block1870
in (the) aggregate1973
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > in/into one place, company, or mass [phrase] > together or in a body
in gross1508
in (the) massa1631
in a lump1640
en masse1802
1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. dii Heir ye ar gaderit in grosse al the gretest Of gomys that grip has vndir my goouernyng.
1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. ii. xvii. §2. 479 The armie of Iuda prest Abner in grosse, and brake him.
1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. v. 416 At this first triumphant Muster, the Members of both Houses appear'd in gross.
1710 W. L. Let. to New Member Commons 7 It was not safe..either to let the Bill pass, or to have it rejected in Gross.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > [adverb]
heap-mealc897
by greata1513
in gross1538
by wholesale1592
full tide1709
1538 A. Fitzherbert Newe Bk. Justyces Peas 109 The But, Tone,..Barel or Roundelet to be sold in grosse.
1541 T. Elyot Image of Gouernance xx. f. 37 Of suche strangers it was lefull to the Romaynes, to bye in grosse, and retayle.
1646 H. Lawrence Of Communion & Warre with Angels 125 Love hath given all in grosse, and therefore can reteyne nothing in retayle.
1661 A. Cowley Vision Cromwell 66 Things that are too many to be numbred, and must onely be weighed in grosse.
1667 London Gaz. No. 150/4 Renish Wines in Gross at 6l. the Ame, and 12d. the Quart by Retail.
1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones IV. xii. i. 191 The learned World, who are..imposed upon to buy a second Time in Fragments and by Retail what they have already in Gross . View more context for this quotation
1799 W. Tooke View Russ. Empire III. 142 Nowhere..is the fishery carried on so much in the gross as here.
1818 Ld. Byron Beppo viii. 5 To bid their cook..ride to the Strand, and buy in gross..Ketchup, Soy,..and Harvey.
1827 J. Bentham Rationale Judicial Evid. IV. ix. ii. ii. 527 How inconsistent and absurd, to do away the mischief in retail, and, in the very self-same shape, leave it to remain in gross!
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > completely [phrase] > in full or to fullest extent
to the full1340
at the fulla1375
at one's righta1425
in (the) wholea1475
every (each) whit1526
full due1574
in gross1606
in full habitudea1661
to capacity1958
1606 G. Chapman Monsieur D'Oliue ii. i. D 2 If youle deliuer me your mind in grose Why so I shall expresse it as I can.
1641 W. Prynne Antipathie To Rdr. sig. ¶¶¶4 Behold the latter part in Epitome, till thou enjoy it in grosse.
1678 Spanish Hist. 78 He came..to tell me in gross what had been done.
1774 J. Bryant New Syst. II. 479 Many writers have taken the account in gross.
e. Law. [ < medieval Latin in grosso.] Said of that which is absolute and independent, belonging to the person, and not to a manor; esp. in advowson, villain in gross. common in gross (see common n.1 4).
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legal possession > held in possession [phrase] > of that which belongs to the person
in grossa1626
a1626 F. Bacon Elements Common Lawes (1630) 2 If I be seised of an advouson in gross, and [etc.].
1642 tr. J. Perkins Profitable Bk. i. §61. 28 A rent common in grosse, advowson in grosse, and villeine in grosse, cannot be granted for yeares..without deed.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Common Common in gross, is a Liberty to have Common alone; that is, without any Land or Tenement in another Man's Land.
1767 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. (new ed.) II. 93 Else they [villeins] were in gross, or at large, that is, annexed to the person of the lord, and transferrable by deed from one owner to another.
1806 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. VI. 74 Such a will, as in the present case, would be sufficient to pass a term in gross.
1845 J. Williams Princ. Law Real Prop. ii. iv. 257 Another important kind of separate incorporeal hereditament, is an advowson in gross.
1891 Sir R. V. Williams in Law Times' Rep. 65 608/2 Such a right of property may have a legal existence as an easement in gross to the exclusion of the grantor.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > constitution of matter > density or solidity > in solid form [phrase]
in gross1748
1748 tr. P. Lozano True Relation Earthquake Lima i. 122 Among Minerals the Pyrites, both in Gross and in Vapour.
3. The gross or coarse part of anything; the dregs, dross. Obsolete exc. dialect.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > refuse or rubbish > [noun] > refuse part of anything
dreg1531
tail1542
excrement1576
lee1593
garbage1598
recrement1599
tap-lash1623
ground1629
gross1708
tailings1889
1708 J. Philips Cyder ii. 316 And now thy Wine's transpicuous, purg'd from all It's earthy Gross.
1888 F. T. Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk. Gross, scum; dross of melting metals or other liquids.
a. The greater part; the majority, the bulk. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > [noun] > a great part or proportion > the greater part, the majority
the more partOE
the best part ofOE
(the) more parta1350
(the) most parta1350
(the) most part alla1350
(the) most party1372
for (also be, in) the most part (also deal, party)a1387
the better part ofa1393
the mo?a1400
most forcea1400
substancea1413
corsec1420
generalty?c1430
the greater partc1430
three quartersc1470
generalityc1485
the most feck1488
corpse1533
most1553
nine-tenths?1556
better half1566
generality?1570
pluralityc1570
body1574
the great body (of)1588
flush1592
three fourths1600
best1601
heap1609
gross1625
lump1709
bulk1711
majority1714
nineteen in twenty1730
balance1747
sweighta1800
heft1816
chief1841
the force1842
thick end1847
1625 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 332 Comets..haue likewise Power and Effect, ouer the Grosse and Masse of Things.
a1641 J. Finett Philoxenis (1656) 164 Intreating me to proceed with the grosse of his Traine.
1650 J. Howell Additional Lett. i. 2 in Epistolæ Ho-elianæ (ed. 2) The Gregarian Soldiers and gross of the Army is well-affected to him.
1670 G. Havers tr. G. Leti Il Cardinalismo di Santa Chiesa ii. iii. 194 The gross of the quarrel was compos'd by the Treaty at Pisa.
1677 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Oxford-shire 99 The gross of the stone is somwhat whiter.
a1682 Sir T. Browne Certain Misc. Tracts (1684) 132 So much still remaineth with us that it maketh the gross of our language.
1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 177 Bamboos make the gross of the Woods.
1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 502. ⁋3 The gross of an audience is composed of two sorts of people.
1726 Bp. J. Butler 15 Serm. xiii. 261 It was doubtless intended, that Life should be very much a Pursuit to the Gross of Mankind.
1753 J. Hanway Hist. Acct. Brit. Trade Caspian Sea I. xxxii. 208 I delivered the gross of my baggage to the Hahdgee.
a1797 E. Burke Tracts Popery Laws in Wks. (1842) II. 446/1 This denial of landed property to the gross of the people has this further evil effect.
b. esp. Of an army or fleet: The main body. Obsolete exc. archaic. Cf. A. 6b.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > part of army by position > [noun] > main body or middle
stalec1350
chivalry1382
rangale?a1400
middlewardc1440
battle1489
main battle1569
main-ward1570
centre1590
camp-royal1593
main body1595
grossc1600
battalia1613
battalion1653
centreline1774
society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > navy > a naval force or fleet > [noun] > main body of fleet
battle1489
grossc1600
c1600 J. Dymmok Treat. Ireland (1842) 40 The Lord Lieutenant..presented a charge to the rebells grosse of horse and foote.
1633 T. Stafford Pacata Hibernia i. iii. 25 The grosse of the rebells had left their standing in the plaine.
1666 S. Pepys Diary 27 Sept. (1972) VII. 300 The gross of the French fleet are gone home again.
1691 J. Dryden King Arthur i. i. 3 The Saxon Gross begins to move.
1728 J. Morgan Compl. Hist. Algiers I. iv. 158 His Horse immediately ran away full Speed and got back to the gross of the Army.
1865 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia V. xviii. ii. 46 Schwerin, with the gross of the Army, pushes into Mähren.
c. The sum, sum total; the whole. Now usually (chiefly U.S.), the total amount earned or ‘grossed’ by a film, theatrical production, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > the whole or all > [noun] > the whole quantity, number, or amount
fullOE
suma1382
universitya1382
your university1385
wholea1393
amountment?a1400
wholenessa1425
hale1437
aggregatec1443
rate1472
total1557
the whole ware1563
lump1576
gross1579
totality1598
universarya1604
general1608
population1612
amount1615
totum1656
totea1772
complete1790
factorial1869
collectivity1882
1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Sept. 135 By much wrestling to leese the grosse.
1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice i. iii. 53 I cannot instantly raise vp the grosse Of full three thousand ducats. View more context for this quotation
1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. ii. xix. §7. 516 The grosse and totall is not in that place set downe.
1728 H. Pemberton View Sir I. Newton's Philos. 9 One sort of genius dwells too much upon the gross and sum of things.
1930 F. S. Fitzgerald in Sat. Evening Post 18 Jan. 109/1 A hit at the New Strand, a hit at the Prince of Wales, and the weekly grosses pouring in.
1969 L. Gish & A. Pinchot Lillian Gish xii. 157 The Birth of a Nation has become the all-time money maker in film history. There have been so many black-market prints in circulation that no one will ever know its true gross.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > of people or animals > regarded as a whole or a body of people gathered
weredc725
trumec893
thrumOE
wharfOE
flockOE
farec1275
lithc1275
ferd1297
companyc1300
flotec1300
routc1300
rowc1300
turbc1330
body1340
numberc1350
congregation1382
presencec1390
meiniec1400
storec1400
sum1400
manya1425
collegec1430
peoplec1449
schoola1450
turm1483
catervea1492
garrison?a1513
shoal1579
troop1584
bevy1604
roast1608
horde1613
gross1617
rhapsody1654
sortment1710
tribe1715
1617 F. Moryson Itinerary ii. i. i. 36 Their foot are so unwilling to fight in battell or grosse.
1626 T. Scott Sir Walter Rawleighs Ghost 5 The use of the Sword, push of the Pike, bringing of Grosses bodie to bodie, [etc.].
1646 R. Codrington Life & Death Illustrious Earle of Essex 31 Which caused our foot to unite themselves into one Grosse.
1651 W. Davenant Gondibert i. v. li Every where where rallies made a gross He charged.
1668 J. Dryden Of Dramatick Poesie 68 After they have seperated [sic] themselves in many petty divisions, they rejoyn one by one into a gross.
Compounds
C1. Parasynthetic.
gross-bodied adj.
ΚΠ
1630 R. Norton tr. W. Camden Hist. Princesse Elizabeth ii. 98 A man exceeding grosse-bodyed.
1696 tr. J. Dumont New Voy. Levant 7 I willingly leave all those Gross-body'd Wines to the Germans.
1727 A. Hamilton New Acct. E. Indies I. xxviii. 346 Their Trees are not so high nor gross bodied as those which grow on the Continent.
1877 E. Dowden Shakespere Primer vi. 99 We know him to be a gross-bodied, self-indulgent old sinner.
gross-brained adj.
ΚΠ
1600 Wisdome Doctor Dodypoll ii. sig. C1v Asse that I was, dull, sencelesse, grosse braynd foole.
gross-headed adj.
ΚΠ
1561 T. Hoby tr. B. Castiglione Courtyer ii. sig. Mv They haue shewed themselues but grossheaded.
1642 J. Milton Apol. Smectymnuus 5 The conceit that all who are not Prelaticall, are grosse-headed.
gross-hearted adj.
ΚΠ
1812 J. Corry in Mem. T. Moore (1856) VIII. 131 The..gross-hearted herd of Dublin.
gross-jawed adj.
ΚΠ
1897 Manch. Guardian 13 Oct. Gross-jawed and splendid humanity.
gross-lived adj.
ΚΠ
1598 A. M. tr. J. Guillemeau Frenche Chirurg. 3/1 A thicke, and grosse-lived man.
gross-mannered adj.
ΚΠ
1853 T. T. Lynch Lect. Self-improvem. vi. 142 The ignorant and gross-mannered.
gross-minded adj.
ΚΠ
a1774 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued (1777) III. iii. 313 The voluptuous, the debauched, the giddy, the gross minded.
gross-natured adj.
ΚΠ
1552 T. Barnabe in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) II. App. E. 152 They of France accept us to be gross-natured people and covetous.
gross-pated adj.
ΚΠ
1611 J. Florio Queen Anna's New World of Words Grosso di pasta, grosse-pated.
gross-witted adj.
ΚΠ
1587 Sir P. Sidney & A. Golding tr. P. de Mornay Trewnesse Christian Relig. xxvi. 468 They make the counsell of the Aegiptians very grossewitted, in casting themselues away so rashly.
C2. Quasi-adv. and as complement.
gross-daubed adj.
ΚΠ
1672 J. Dryden Conquest Granada ii. iii. i. 100 Marriage views the gross-daub'd Landschape neer.
gross-fed adj.
ΚΠ
1726 R. Savage Misc. Poems & Transl. 208 Like gross-fed Spirits sick, in purer Air, Their earthy Souls by their dull Taste disclose!
gross-ground adj.
ΚΠ
1653 I. Walton Compl. Angler i. x. 151 Sweet gross-ground barley-malt.
gross-living adj.
ΚΠ
1898 J. Caird Univ. Addr. 203 Her well-meaning but somewhat stupid and very gross-living husband, George II.
Draft additions 1993
In weakened use: extremely unpleasant; disgusting, repulsive, obnoxious. slang (originally U.S.).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > hatred > dislike > disgust > [adjective] > disgusting or repulsive
fulsomec1510
distasteful1607
stinkardly1616
reluctant1663
disgustful1678
fulsamic1694
disgusteda1716
disgustive1740
revolting1773
disgustable1787
repulsive1791
disgusting1839
foul1842
vomitorial1868
untouchable1873
icky1938
gross1959
grody1965
yechy1969
yucky1970
yuck1971
yuck-making1972
gross-out1973
skeevy1976
sleazoid1976
skanky1982
festy1995
mug2009
1959 Amer. Speech 34 155 Terms expressing approval or disapproval are intelligible to the initiated only, for their real meaning is often dependent upon intonation. Great, the greatest, gross,..and tremendous are either complimentary or derogatory, depending upon how they are said.
1969 Current Slang (Univ. S. Dakota) 3 6 Gross, displeasing; unpleasant.
1972 Sat. Rev. (U.S.) 29 July 71/3 ‘Gross’ has always meant something coarse and vulgar. But as used by the teens, it runs the gamut of awfulness from homework to something the cat contributed to ecology.
1978 J. Hyams Pool viii. 110 ‘She really thinks he's gross, huh?’.. ‘The pits,’ said Freda.
1982 M. Kington Miles & Miles 108 This peanut butter is really gross compared to Sun-Pat, which is ace.
1991 D. Lodge Paradise News iii. iii. 272 ‘Then I threw up,’ said Russ. ‘God, how gross,’ Ellie muttered, averting her eyes from the screen.
Draft additions September 2008
gross domestic product n. the annual total value of goods produced and services provided in a country, excluding transactions with other countries; abbreviated GDP; cf. gross national product at sense A. 6c.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > manufacture or production > [noun] > value of goods produced
GNP1944
gross national product1947
gross domestic product1951
1951 Economist 14 Apr. 881/1 (table) 1949... Gross domestic product..11,426 [£ Million]... Net income from abroad..27.
1987 Washington Post (Nexis) 25 Jan. k1 Since our gross domestic product was increasing 2.5 percent, that meant an overproportionate amount of the demand was already fulfilled by imports.
2001 F. Popcorn & A. Hanft Dict. Future 78 Weightlessness... Proof of weightlessness: the weight of the gross domestic product in the United States was less in 1997 than 1999, even though its dollar value had grown by 70 percent.
Draft additions March 2017
gross negligence n. Law extreme or reckless negligence, manifested in behaviour substantially worse than that to be expected of the average reasonable person; culpable failure to carry out a legally imposed duty of care; in later use also in gross negligence manslaughter.
ΚΠ
1733 J. Innes Idea Juris Scotici ii. 52 The Receiver is..only liable for..his own gross Negligence or Fraud.
1801 Bell`s Weekly Messenger 31 May 175/2 This Gentleman, the Plaintiff, had conducted himself..with gross negligence..towards his Lady..[because] he ran the risk, not from one quarter but from many, of bringing disease and infamy into the bed of his wife.
1924 J. Galsworthy White Monkey ii. i. 123 I shouldn't be surprised if an action lay against the Board for gross negligence!
1996 Guardian 29 July 12/2 For the inquest jury to have returned the verdict of unlawful killing in the Marchioness case..they would have had to have been satisfied beyond a reasonable doubt that the deaths resulted from ‘gross negligence manslaughter’.
2016 Hindustan Times (Nexis) 11 Aug. The police officers committed gross negligence by arresting the girl..[as] all documents..proved her to be a minor.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
grossv.
/ɡrəʊs/, U.S. /ɡroʊs/ΘΚΠ
society > communication > writing > manner of writing > [verb (transitive)] > write out in fair hand
engrossc1430
enrolc1430
gross1513
fair-copy1739
1513 Lydgate's Troye Bk. (Pynson) iv. xxxiv. Y v b Vnto tyme that they were assuryd Of the ende grosyd [1555 groced] vp in dede.
1525 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles II. xliii. 136 When these letters were wryten and grosed vp in Frensshe and in Latyn, then they were redde before ye kyng.
a. With up: = engross v. 3, 4 Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > illegal or immoral trading > trade in (goods) illegally or immorally [verb (transitive)] > buy up (goods) for resale or monopoly
engrossa1400
forestall14..
grossc1440
regrate1444
badge1552
to engross the market1804
pinhook1885
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > gather together [verb (transitive)] > gather in one mass or form lumps > accumulate
heapc1000
tassea1400
aggregate?a1425
grossc1440
amass1481
accumulatec1487
accumule1490
exaggerate1533
cumulate1534
compile1578
pook1587
mass1604
hilla1618
congeriate1628
agglomerate1751
pile1827
to roll up1848
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 214/2 Groson, or grocyn vp, or take mony thyngys togedur, ingrosso.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 575/2 I grosse, I take or heape up thynges a great, je engrosse. This man groseth up all the market.
a1563 J. Bale King Johan (1969) i. 65 Pore wydowys howsys ye grosse vp by long prayers.
b. absol. (See quots.) dialect.
ΚΠ
1796 W. Marshall Provincialisms E. Yorks. in Rural Econ. Yorks. (ed. 2) II. 324 Groze, to save or lay up.
1855 F. K. Robinson Gloss. Yorks. Words 76 Grose, to save or amass wealth.
a. intransitive. To become gross or great; to increase, amount. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > increase in quantity, amount, or degree > [verb (intransitive)]
forthwaxa900
wax971
growOE
risec1175
anhigh1340
upwax1340
creasec1380
increasec1380
accreasea1382
augmenta1400
greata1400
mountc1400
morec1425
upgrowc1430
to run up1447
swell?c1450
add1533
accresce1535
gross1548
to get (a) head1577
amount1583
bolla1586
accrue1586
improve1638
aggrandize1647
accumulate1757
raise1761
heighten1803
replenish1814
to turn up1974
1548 W. Forrest Pleasaunt Poesye 449 in T. Starkey Eng. in Reign King Henry VIII (1878) i. p. xcviv When they haue groaced vnto a some, Of scoarys or hundredis as they appoynte shall.
b. transitive. To render gross or coarse. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > bad taste > lack of refinement > deprive of refinement [verb (transitive)] > render coarse
gross1635
coarsen1805
grossen1899
1635 T. Heywood Hierarchie Blessed Angells iv. 211 The subtile essence of the Angels..was grossed in their fall Of courser temper than th' Origenall.
4.
a. transitive. To make a gross profit of; to earn a total of.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > management of money > income, revenue, or profit > getting or making money > get or make money [verb (transitive)] > be profitable to > make in profit
winc1175
gain1530
advantage1557
lucre1570
superlucrate1652
cleara1719
realize1720
net1765
to clean up1831
mop1861
gross1884
to cash in1904
1884 Harper's Mag. Jan. 220/1 Captain..Lawrence..once ‘grossed’ $60,000.
1887 Pall Mall Gaz. 18 Mar. 3/2 Having grossed over £4,000.
1936 P. G. Wodehouse Laughing Gas iv. 52 My last picture but one grossed twenty-two thousand there on the week.
1970 Observer 19 Apr. 9/3 The..brokerage business brought him far more prestige than cash; specifically, it grossed something like $60,000 a year, but the firm's overhead was high.
b. With up: to count, add as part of the total; to treat (a payment) as if it were a larger taxable amount of the same net value.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > management of money > keeping accounts > keep accounts [verb (transitive)] > enter in an account > other book-keeping procedures
control1422
avouch1539
allocate1551
respond1588
score1592
carry1652
post1707
to carry forward1721
off-reckon1721
O. Ni.a1726
to carry over1745
rule1845
to write down1876
to close off188.
qualify1884
accrue1915
net1947
gross1954
strip1980
1954 Times 24 Feb. 12/4 When discussing M.P.s' emoluments we ought to gross-up the expectations of pension rights.
Derivatives
grossed-up adj.
ΚΠ
1931 Economist 28 Feb. 456/2 This [tax] is charged..on the ‘grossed-up’ dividend.
1959 Economist 11 Apr. 146/1 For that rare bird paying surtax at the top rate, the ‘grossed up’ yield on savings certificates earning £4 4s. od. tax free has fallen by over a third.
ˈgrossing-up n.
ΚΠ
1969 Times 25 Jan. 2/3 Some estimates had been made by means of plain ‘grossing-up’—a very loose way of computing.
Draft additions June 2006
transitive. slang (chiefly U.S.). to gross out: to disgust or repel. J. E. Lighter Hist. Dict. Amer. Slang(1994) I. 976/2 records an oral use from 1965.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > taste and flavour > unsavouriness > disgust [verb (transitive)]
accloy1519
to turn (a person's) stomach1549
distaste1611
disseason1625
disgust1650
to gross out1966
1966 Current Slang (Univ. S. Dakota) 1 ii. 3 She grossed me out with that joke.
1970 N.Y. Times 1 Feb. ii. 23 Hardly noticed on the East Coast, Altamont grossed out the West.
1987 San Diego Union 30 Jan. e2/2 My legs are too heavy from the hips down... I would gross people out if I wore a skirt or dress.
1992 Fly Rod & Reel Jan. 56/1 I assumed he knew these bugs were big, but he and a lot of others didn't. They were grossed out.
2002 Glamour July 159/2 This is the guy who..would eat raw tuna and onion rings before snogging scenes to gross out Sarah Michelle Gellar.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online December 2020).
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n.1c1420n.21638
n.31411
adj.n.4c1380
v.c1440