guardiann.
/ˈɡɑːdɪən/, U.S. /ˈɡɑrdiən/ 1.
a. One who guards, protects, or preserves; a keeper, defender; ‘one to whom the care and preservation of any thing is committed’ (Johnson); sometimes = guardian angel n. Applied also occasionally to impersonal objects.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > [noun] > one who looks after > guardian or custodian
herd971
wardena1290
keepera1300
yemerc1330
looker1340
tutor1377
actorc1384
conservator1447
custosc1450
guardian1477
custodier?c1500
custode1543
guardant1592
custodian1602
supervisor1691
vigilant1822
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > [noun] > one who looks after > protector or patron > divinity, angel, or saint
avowe1297
angel1340
avowrya1387
patrona1387
avourec1450
familiar angelc1450
advocator1483
vower1488
tutelar1603
titular1621
guardian angela1631
tutelary1652
guardian1667
patron saint1703
warden-angel1845
advowee1863
1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 117 She retourned into her chamber, where was but one auncient lady her gardyenne or maystresse.
a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. f. xlii From that yere..were al custodyes & gardeyns and no Mayres, & who tho that was than Constable of the Toure of London was also Custos of the cytie.
a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. clxxx. f. ciiiiv Foure knyghtes whiche were called Gardeyns of her corps were slayne fast by her.
a1547 Earl of Surrey tr. Virgil Certain Bks. Aenæis (1557) ii. sig. Dii In the void porches Phenix, Ulisses eke, Sterne guardens stood watching of the spoile.
1598 W. Phillip tr. J. H. van Linschoten Disc. Voy. E. & W. Indies i. iii. 4/2 The Guardian, that is the quarter master hath 1400. reyes the month.
1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning ii. sig. Aa4 Readers in Scyences are indeede the Gardyans of the stores and prouisions of Scyences. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) ii. iv. 36 The Sacred Store-house of his Predecessors, And Guardian of their Bones. View more context for this quotation
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iii. 512 The Stairs were such as whereon Jacob saw Angels ascending and descending, bands Of Guardians bright. View more context for this quotation
1694 T. Ken Morning & Evening-Hymn in New-Year's Gift 114 You my blest Guardians, whilst I sleep, Close to my Bed your Vigils keep.
1769 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) I. xiv. 93 The Attorney General is ex officio the guardian of liberty.
1856 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) I. iii. 189 The clergy were the guardians of morality.
1875 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) V. 10 Plato..explains the manner in which guardians of the law..are to be appointed.
1883 C. J. Wills In Land of Lion & Sun 277 The dervish who usually acts as guardian to the tomb.
b. †Guardian of the Peace: an earlier name for a ‘Justice of the Peace’. Guardian of the Spiritualities, Guardian of the Temporalities: see those words. Guardian of the Poor (often simply Guardian): one of a board elected to administer the poor laws in a particular parish or district.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > [noun] > Justice of the peace or district magistrate
Justice of the Peace1423
justice1509
conservator of the peacea1513
Warden of the Peace1543
Guardian of the Peace1581
mittimus1630
magistrate1727
J.P.1732
beak1799
county commissioner1809
bubble and squeak1935
society > authority > office > holder of office > parish official > [noun] > responsible for relief of poor
overseerc1600
relieving officer1677
Guardian of the Poor1782
pass-master1818
poormaster1853
1330 Act 4 Edw. III c. 5 Et eient les Justices, assignez a la deliverance des gaoles poair a deliverer les gaoles de ceux qi serront enditez devant les gardeins de la pees.]
1417 Ld. Furnival in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) 2nd Ser. I. 61 The Gardeins of the spirituallities of Ardmaghe.
1581 W. Lambarde Eirenarcha i. ii. 7 The Gardeins of the Peace..afterward obtained the name of Iustices of the Peace.
1764 R. Burn Hist. Poor Laws 183 Twelve persons residing in each district, of a certain estate in land, to be guardians of the district.
1782 Act 22 Geo. III c. 83 §2 The Visitor, Guardian, and Governor of such Poor House.
1782 Act 22 Geo. III c. 83 §7 It shall and may be lawful for two Justices of the Peace..to appoint one of the Persons so recommended to be Guardian of the Poor for each of such Parishes.
1789 W. Blake Holy Thursday in Songs of Innocence Beneath them sit the aged men, wise guardians of the poor.
1834 Act 4 & 5 William IV c. 76 §38 A Board of Guardians of the Poor for such Union shall be constituted and chosen, and the Workhouse or Workhouses of such Union shall be governed, and the Relief of the Poor in such Union shall be administered, by such Board of Guardians.
1857 J. Toulmin Smith Parish (new ed.) 166 ‘Guardians’ may exist either for single parishes, or for groups of parishes joined in ‘Unions’.
1869 H. Fawcett Man. Polit. Econ. (ed. 3) iv. v. 531 The Manchester guardians have lately made able-bodied paupers grind corn by hand.
1876 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest V. xxv. 549 A reform of a generation back entrusted the care of the poor..to Boards of Guardians.
c. (See quot. 1728.)
ΚΠ
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) In the Order of the Garter, the Officer who in other military Orders is called Grand-Master, is called the Sovereign Guardian of the Order.
d. In an Oddfellows' lodge, Inner and Outer Guardian. (Cf. guard n. 7c.)
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social relations > an association, society, or organization > secret society > [noun] > organizations similar to masons > members of organizations similar to masons
Gormogon1725
Gregorian1742
Odd Fellow1789
buffaloa1849
Good Templar1853
Rebekah1854
Inner and Outer Guardian1879
primo1879
Shriner1886
1879 Man. Oddfellowship 141 The lodge is properly arranged, and the inner door opened wide; the Grand Marshal, with white baton trimmed with scarlet, approaches the Inner Guardian from without.
2.
a. spec. in Law. A person who has, or is by law entitled to, the custody of the person or property (or both) of an infant or other person legally incapable of managing his or her own affairs; a tutor. (The correlative to ward.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > [noun] > one who looks after > guardian of minor or incapable person
wardenc1290
tutora1387
curate1463
curator1471
guardiana1535
guardianer1595
pro-tutor1664
legal guardian1720
guardy1833
conservator1853
caregiver1966
primary caregiver1972
a1535 T. More Hist. Richard III in Wks. (1557) 50/2 Syth he hath nothing by discent holden by knightes seruice, the law maketh, his mother his gardaine.
1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Instit. (1634) Table Contents, The old Church is compared to an heire under age, which is governed by Gardians.
1600 W. Shakespeare Much Ado about Nothing ii. iii. 161 I am sory for her, as I haue iust cause, beeing her vncle, and her gardian . View more context for this quotation
1611 M. Smith in Bible (King James) Transl. Pref. 2 A wastefull Prince, that had neede of a Guardian, or ouerseer.
1628 E. Coke 1st Pt. Inst. Lawes Eng. i. 135 b When an Ideot doth sue or defend, he shall not appeare by Gardeine or Procheine Amy.
1700 H. Prideaux Lett. (1875) 195 Mr Walpole, who was guardian to ye Lord Townshend.
1758 S. Johnson Idler 20 May 49 She only ran away from her Guardians.
1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. xvii. 379 The guardian with us performs the office of both the tutor and curator.
1804 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. III. 480 The possession of the mother as guardian gave actual possession to the son.
1859 W. Collins Queen of Hearts I. 16 I knew perfectly well that I should hear myself appointed guardian and executor with his brother.
b. guardian in chivalry: the guardian of a minor holding by knight service. (†Rarely guardian in knight service.) guardian in socage: the guardian of a tenant in socage. guardian by nature: the father, with respect to his tutelage of the heir apparent or heiress presumptive. guardian for nurture: the father, and, after his death the mother, until the minor has reached the age of 14. (These four were classed together as guardians by the common law.) guardian by custom or customary guardian: an officer, corporation, etc. having by local custom a legal right to exercise guardianship. guardian by election: a guardian chosen by an infant who would otherwise have none. (See also quot. 1823.) guardian ad litem (see quot. 1838).
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the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > [noun] > one who looks after > guardian of minor or incapable person > natural parent as
guardian by nature1528
guardian for nurture1528
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > [noun] > one who looks after > guardian of minor or incapable person > specific feudal
guardian in knight service1528
1528–30 tr. T. Littleton Tenures (new ed.) f. iiii The chyldes mother entreth in the remenaunte, & it occupyeth as gardeyne or wardeyn in socage.
1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus Curatores dicuntur qui pupillis loco tutorum dantur. Gardians in socage, or they that haue the charge and custodie of wardes or other under yeres of discretion.
1628 E. Coke 1st Pt. Inst. Lawes Eng. i. 85 There is Gardeine in right in Chiualrie, and Gardeine in Deede in Chiualrie.
1628 E. Coke 1st Pt. Inst. Lawes Eng. i. 88 b There are three manner of Gardeinships, viz. by the Common Law, by the Statute Law, and Custome. By the Common Law there are foure manner of Gardians, viz. Gardein in Chiualrie..Gardein by nature..Gardein in Socage..Gardein per cause de nurture.
1642 tr. J. Perkins Profitable Bk. i. §60. 28 If Gardien in Knights service of the bodie and land, hee may grant the wardship of the Land without deed.
1654 W. Sheppard Court-Keepers Guide (ed. 3) 112 A Gardeine in Chivalry that hath a Manor of the Wards may make Copyhold Estates.
1660 R. Coke Elements Power & Subjection 83 in Justice Vindicated Guardian in Chivalry may give or sell to another the Guardianship of his Ward; but Guardian in Socage cannot, for his is delegata potestas.
1660 Act 12 Chas. II c. 24 §8 Every person or persons claiming the custody or tuition of such childe or children as Guardian in soccage or otherwise.
1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. 449 Of the several species of guardians, the first are guardians by nature: viz. the father and (in some cases) the mother of the child..There are also guardians for nurture which are of course the father, or..mother, till the infant attains the age of fourteen years.
1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. 462 These guardians in socage, like those for nurture, continue only till the minor is fourteen years of age.
1820 J. Gifford Compl. Eng. Lawyer (ed. 5) iii. xii. 387 Guardians are of six kinds:—1. Guardians by nature; 2. Guardians by nurture; 3. Guardians in socage; 4. Guardians by testament; 5. Guardians by custom of particular places; 6. Guardians by election of the infant.
1823 G. Crabb Universal Technol. Dict. (at cited word) Guardian by statute, or testamentary guardian, one appointed according to the statute of 12 Car. 2, c. 24... Guardian by appointment, is either of the Lord Chancellor or the Ecclesiastical Court.
1838 Penny Cycl. XI. 465/1 All courts..have power to appoint a guardian ad litem, that is, to defend a prosecution or suit instituted by or against an infant.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > office > holder of office > public officials > [noun] > warden
custosc1450
guardian1495
subwarden1506
vice-warden1536
warden1538
custode1543
1495 Act 11 Hen. VII c. 35 Preamble His Lyeutenaunte of Ireland and Gardeyn of the..Marches.
?1530 J. Rastell Pastyme of People sig. *Civ Ryse Merydocke rebelled agaynst the kinges gardeyn of his castels in wales.
1571 Act 13 Eliz. c. 10 §2 Master or Gardian of anye Hospitall.
1581 W. Lambarde Eirenarcha (1588) iii. ii. 337 The writ de homine Replegiando to be directed to the garden of a Forest.
1632 in S. R. Gardiner Rep. Cases Star Chamber & High Comm. (1886) 109 Lord Gardein of the Cinque Portes.
1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Guardian of the Cinque Ports, otherwise lord-warden.
4. The superior of a Franciscan convent. [ < Latin custos.]
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > church government > monasticism > religious superior > conventual head > [noun] > Franciscan
custodec1400
warden1420
guardian1466
custosc1525
pater-guardian1603
1466 Paston Lett. No. 549 II. 266 Item, to xxiii. susters of Normandys, with the gardian, eche of them iiiid., and the gardian viiid.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) In the Convents of Franciscans, the Officer is called Guardian who in the rest is called Superior.
1883 Catholic Dict. (1885) 356/2 Fr. John Perez de Marchena, guardian of a convent near Seville..a learned cosmographer.
5. plural = guard n. 12 ? Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the universe > constellation > Northern constellations > [noun] > Ursa Minor > guardian(s)
guardian1555
warden1555
guard1574
watcher1588
watch-star1588
guard-star1690
1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde i. viii. f. 38 The guardens of the north pole, were owte of syght.
1879 R. A. Proctor New Star Atlas 16 The course of the pair of stars (called ‘the Guardians of the Pole’) belonging to the Little Bear is also shown by arrows.
Compounds
C1. attributive passing into adjective with sense ‘protecting, tutelary.’
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > [adjective] > protecting as a patron or guardian
guardian1610
1610 J. Healey tr. St. Augustine Citie of God iii. xiv. 125 Your great guardian-gods bore all this vnmooued.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics i, in tr. Virgil Wks. 69 Mother Earth, Goddess unmov'd! whose Guardian Arms extend O're Thuscan Tiber's Course, and Roman Tow'rs defend. View more context for this quotation
1710 Ld. Shaftesbury Soliloquy 16 We have each of us a Demon, Genius, Angel, or Guardian-Spirit.
a1711 T. Ken Hymns for Festivals in Wks. (1721) I. 384 Bless'd Angels,..Your Guardian cares bestow.
1725 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey I. iii. 481 Distinguish'd care of guardian deities!
1764 O. Goldsmith Traveller 2 Round his dwelling guardian saints attend.
1780 W. Cowper Second Poem Burning Ld. Mansfield's Libr. They..blessed the guardian care that kept His sacred head from harm.
1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake i. 22 The guardian Naiad of the strand.
1834 J. H. Newman Parochial Serm. (1837) I. xx. 311 His guardian friends now long departed.
1864 E. B. Pusey Daniel v. 257 Then followed the Guardian-promise to the house of Jehu.
C2. General attributive.
guardian election n.
ΚΠ
1898 Daily News 23 Feb. 6/5 The question of a Saturday poll at the forthcoming guardian elections.
C3.
guardian angel n. an angel conceived as watching over or protecting a particular person or place; also transferred.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the supernatural > deity > angel > [noun] > guardian-angel
familiar angelc1450
guardian angela1631
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > [noun] > one who looks after > protector or patron > divinity, angel, or saint
avowe1297
angel1340
avowrya1387
patrona1387
avourec1450
familiar angelc1450
advocator1483
vower1488
tutelar1603
titular1621
guardian angela1631
tutelary1652
guardian1667
patron saint1703
warden-angel1845
advowee1863
a1631 J. Donne Relique 26 Difference of sex no more wee knew, Then our Guardian Angells doe.
1760 S. Foote Minor i. 27 Then will I step in like his guardian-angel, and snatch him from perdition.
1847 L. Hunt Jar of Honey (1848) xii. 161 The goddess Proserpina, when she was the guardian angel of Sicily.
1864 E. B. Pusey Daniel viii. 523 Each Christian at least is, from childhood, assigned to the care of his own guardian angel.
guardian-cell n. = guard-cell n. at guard n. Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > cell or aggregate tissue > [noun] > cell > types of > guard- or subsidiary cell
accessory cell1831
guard-cell1875
guardian-cell1880
subsidiary cell1884
1880 A. Gray Struct. Bot. iii. §4. 89 The stomata..consist usually of a pair of cells (called guardian-cells), with an opening between them.
1885 G. L. Goodale in A. Gray & G. L. Goodale Bot. Text-bk. (ed. 6) II. ii. xii. 377 The cellulose film is produced almost simultaneously throughout the whole extent of the mother-cell, which is cut into two guardian-cells, forming a stoma.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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