groundingn.

Brit.

/ˈɡraʊndɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈɡraʊndɪŋ/

Etymology: < ground v., ground n. + -ing suffix¹.

1. The action of founding or establishing; foundation, establishment; chiefly in immaterial sense. Also quasi-concrete that on which something is grounded. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > causation > initiating or causing to begin > [noun] > institution or founding

fasteningeOE

stablishinga1300

groundingc1380

stablingc1380

ordinancec1384

establishingc1400

foundationc1400

fundament1440

stablishment1444

institutionc1460

upsetting1470

erection1508

instituting1534

foundingc1540

erecting1553

constitution1582

establishment1596

plantation1605

instauration1614

institute1641

bottoming1642

ordaining1643

settlement1646

planting1702

incardination1897

c1380 J. Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 353 And but þis grounding be in dede dremes and confermyngis ben nouȝt.

1395 Remonstr. Rom. Corrup. (1851) 67 Cristine men ben not holden for to bileve, withouten open groundinge of holi scripture.

?1548 J. Bale Comedy Thre Lawes Nature v. sig. Fviij^v Of these..doubtles, those lawes their groundynges take.

1597 T. Middleton Wisdome of Solomon Paraphr. iii. sig. E^v That tree whose roote is sound, whose grounding strong.

1644 K. Digby Two Treat. ii. vii. 409 All the rest..would haue no grounding, nor fixednesse in the soule.

a1898 J. Caird Fund. Ideas Christianity (1899) II. xvi. 176 [Anselm's] attempt to give speculative grounding to the relation between the..sufferings of Christ and the remission of sins.

1898 J. Bulloch Centen. Mem. 1st Congreg. Church Aberdeen i. 2 The important proposals he advanced were felt..to be..well grounded. Their grounding lay in the religious condition of Scotland.

2. The act of instructing in elementary or fundamental principles; instruction of this kind.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > teaching > [noun] > elementary teaching or initiation

introductionc1430

induction1526

entrance1571

initiation1583

manumission1596

groundinga1656

initiating1750

breaking-in1843

a1656 Bp. J. Hall Shaking of Olive-tree (1660) ii. 104 Catechetical Sermons..for the grounding of Gods People in the principles of saving Doctrine.

1883 C. J. Wills In Land of Lion & Sun 164 Euclid, Algebra, Latin, and French, in which, unlike the smattering of a middle-class school at home, a thorough grounding is given.

†3. plural. Grounds, sediment. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > pollution or defilement > [noun] > specific impurities > sediment

drastc1000

groundsa1340

ground-sopec1440

hovec1440

faecesa1475

groundingsa1475

fex1540

suds1548

grummel1558

foot1560

grout1697

sludge1702

faecula1815

a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sloane) (1862) 46 Þer in þou stepe white brede fayre..And voyde þy groundyngus for sonde.

a. The preparation or laying of a ‘ground’ in various arts and manufactures (see quots.). Also grounding-in, the application of the secondary colours in calico-printing.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > manufacturing processes > [noun] > processing > types of preliminary processing

grounding1466

roughing1743

preheating1898

pre-cooling1907

presoak1919

presoaking1919

premixing1927

prestress1934

pre-tension1936

pre-impregnation1937

pre-cutting1939

preloading1941

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > printmaking > surface and planographic printing > other surface-printing > [noun] > textiles > techniques

ageing1830

grounding-in1839

style1874

1466 Paston Lett. No. 549. II. 266 For xxii yerdes and iii quarters of brod wythts, xxxiiiis. iiid. For grownedyng, iiis. iiiid. For dyeng, iiiis.

1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 216 (Calico-printing) The grounding in, or re-entering, of the other colours is the next process.

1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 226 Topical Prussian blue for grounding.

1852 C. Morfit Art of Tanning, Currying, & Leather-dressing (1853) 436 The laborious process of grounding, or frizing.

1877 Sci. Amer. XXXVII. 223 The first process undergone [in the manufacture of wall-paper] is termed ‘Grounding’ and the object is to give the paper the requisite body to enable it to receive the colored pattern.

1885 A. Watt Art of Leather Manuf. 326 When dry they [i.e. dyed skins] are again seasoned with water, to prepare them for grounding, which operation is performed by scraping the flesh side with the ‘moon-knife’.

b. The ground of any fabric.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > [noun] > background colour

ground-colour1849

grounding1882

1882 S. F. A. Caulfeild & B. C. Saward Dict. Needlework 231/1 The colour of a background or the ‘grounding’ of a piece of embroidery should be selected with a view to showing off the colours of the design.

a. The action of laying a ship aground for examination, repairs, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > grounding of vessel > [noun] > deliberately

running1657

grounding1691

beaching1871

1691 T. Hale Acct. New Inventions 42 An opportunity of Grounding or Docking.

1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Grounding, the act of laying a ship ashore, in order to bream or repair her.

1885 Act 48 & 49 Victoria c. 36. §3 Any right of navigation, anchoring, grounding, [etc.].

b. The action or an act of running aground, stranding.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > grounding of vessel > [noun] > accidentally

groundage1477

running1657

grounding1769

stranding1817

1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Grounding..is also applied to running aground accidentally when under sail, or driving in a tempest.

1840 Evid. Hull Docks Comm. 70 Q. Is any inconvenience experienced by sloops? A. Yes, by grounding.

1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. I. vi. 61 If she will bear the frequent groundings that we must look for.

Compounds

C1. attributive, as grounding-blue.

ΚΠ

1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 225 This plan..is nearly superseded by the following grounding blue.

1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 226 Topical grounding blue for the cylinder press.

C2.

grounding-machine n. a machine for grounding in the manufacture of wall-paper.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > paper-making equipment > [noun] > other paper-making equipment

reel1809

deckle1810

ass1823

stuff-shovel1858

grounding-machine1877

asp1919

riffler1924

1877 Sci. Amer. XXXVII. 223 The grounding machine is represented in Fig. 1. While passing over a roller the paper is covered with a mixture of so called Jersey clay.

grounding-tool n. in mezzotint engraving, the tool with which the plate is roughened.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > printmaking > engraving > intaglio printing > [noun] > mezzotint > tools

scraper1747

cradle1788

grounding-tool?1790

rocking tool1841

rocker1875

?1790 J. Imison Curious & Misc. Articles (new ed.) 50 in School of Arts (ed. 2) For the shades use a small grounding-tool.

1821 W. M. Craig Lect. Drawing vii. 411 The more the ground is scraped away,..the coarser and more evident is the granulation made by the grounding tool.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	grounding
释义	groundingn. Brit. /ˈɡraʊndɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈɡraʊndɪŋ/ Etymology: < ground v., ground n. + -ing suffix¹. 1. The action of founding or establishing; foundation, establishment; chiefly in immaterial sense. Also quasi-concrete that on which something is grounded. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > initiating or causing to begin > [noun] > institution or founding fasteningeOE stablishinga1300 groundingc1380 stablingc1380 ordinancec1384 establishingc1400 foundationc1400 fundament1440 stablishment1444 institutionc1460 upsetting1470 erection1508 instituting1534 foundingc1540 erecting1553 constitution1582 establishment1596 plantation1605 instauration1614 institute1641 bottoming1642 ordaining1643 settlement1646 planting1702 incardination1897 c1380 J. Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 353 And but þis grounding be in dede dremes and confermyngis ben nouȝt. 1395 Remonstr. Rom. Corrup. (1851) 67 Cristine men ben not holden for to bileve, withouten open groundinge of holi scripture. ?1548 J. Bale Comedy Thre Lawes Nature v. sig. Fviij^v Of these..doubtles, those lawes their groundynges take. 1597 T. Middleton Wisdome of Solomon Paraphr. iii. sig. E^v That tree whose roote is sound, whose grounding strong. 1644 K. Digby Two Treat. ii. vii. 409 All the rest..would haue no grounding, nor fixednesse in the soule. a1898 J. Caird Fund. Ideas Christianity (1899) II. xvi. 176 [Anselm's] attempt to give speculative grounding to the relation between the..sufferings of Christ and the remission of sins. 1898 J. Bulloch Centen. Mem. 1st Congreg. Church Aberdeen i. 2 The important proposals he advanced were felt..to be..well grounded. Their grounding lay in the religious condition of Scotland. 2. The act of instructing in elementary or fundamental principles; instruction of this kind. ΘΚΠ society > education > teaching > [noun] > elementary teaching or initiation introductionc1430 induction1526 entrance1571 initiation1583 manumission1596 groundinga1656 initiating1750 breaking-in1843 a1656 Bp. J. Hall Shaking of Olive-tree (1660) ii. 104 Catechetical Sermons..for the grounding of Gods People in the principles of saving Doctrine. 1883 C. J. Wills In Land of Lion & Sun 164 Euclid, Algebra, Latin, and French, in which, unlike the smattering of a middle-class school at home, a thorough grounding is given. †3. plural. Grounds, sediment. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > pollution or defilement > [noun] > specific impurities > sediment drastc1000 groundsa1340 ground-sopec1440 hovec1440 faecesa1475 groundingsa1475 fex1540 suds1548 grummel1558 foot1560 grout1697 sludge1702 faecula1815 a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sloane) (1862) 46 Þer in þou stepe white brede fayre..And voyde þy groundyngus for sonde. 4. a. The preparation or laying of a ‘ground’ in various arts and manufactures (see quots.). Also grounding-in, the application of the secondary colours in calico-printing. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > manufacturing processes > [noun] > processing > types of preliminary processing grounding1466 roughing1743 preheating1898 pre-cooling1907 presoak1919 presoaking1919 premixing1927 prestress1934 pre-tension1936 pre-impregnation1937 pre-cutting1939 preloading1941 society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > printmaking > surface and planographic printing > other surface-printing > [noun] > textiles > techniques ageing1830 grounding-in1839 style1874 1466 Paston Lett. No. 549. II. 266 For xxii yerdes and iii quarters of brod wythts, xxxiiiis. iiid. For grownedyng, iiis. iiiid. For dyeng, iiiis. 1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 216 (Calico-printing) The grounding in, or re-entering, of the other colours is the next process. 1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 226 Topical Prussian blue for grounding. 1852 C. Morfit Art of Tanning, Currying, & Leather-dressing (1853) 436 The laborious process of grounding, or frizing. 1877 Sci. Amer. XXXVII. 223 The first process undergone [in the manufacture of wall-paper] is termed ‘Grounding’ and the object is to give the paper the requisite body to enable it to receive the colored pattern. 1885 A. Watt Art of Leather Manuf. 326 When dry they [i.e. dyed skins] are again seasoned with water, to prepare them for grounding, which operation is performed by scraping the flesh side with the ‘moon-knife’. b. The ground of any fabric. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > [noun] > background colour ground-colour1849 grounding1882 1882 S. F. A. Caulfeild & B. C. Saward Dict. Needlework 231/1 The colour of a background or the ‘grounding’ of a piece of embroidery should be selected with a view to showing off the colours of the design. 5. a. The action of laying a ship aground for examination, repairs, etc. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > grounding of vessel > [noun] > deliberately running1657 grounding1691 beaching1871 1691 T. Hale Acct. New Inventions 42 An opportunity of Grounding or Docking. 1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Grounding, the act of laying a ship ashore, in order to bream or repair her. 1885 Act 48 & 49 Victoria c. 36. §3 Any right of navigation, anchoring, grounding, [etc.]. b. The action or an act of running aground, stranding. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > grounding of vessel > [noun] > accidentally groundage1477 running1657 grounding1769 stranding1817 1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Grounding..is also applied to running aground accidentally when under sail, or driving in a tempest. 1840 Evid. Hull Docks Comm. 70 Q. Is any inconvenience experienced by sloops? A. Yes, by grounding. 1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. I. vi. 61 If she will bear the frequent groundings that we must look for. Compounds C1. attributive, as grounding-blue. ΚΠ 1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 225 This plan..is nearly superseded by the following grounding blue. 1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 226 Topical grounding blue for the cylinder press. C2. grounding-machine n. a machine for grounding in the manufacture of wall-paper. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > paper-making equipment > [noun] > other paper-making equipment reel1809 deckle1810 ass1823 stuff-shovel1858 grounding-machine1877 asp1919 riffler1924 1877 Sci. Amer. XXXVII. 223 The grounding machine is represented in Fig. 1. While passing over a roller the paper is covered with a mixture of so called Jersey clay. grounding-tool n. in mezzotint engraving, the tool with which the plate is roughened. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > printmaking > engraving > intaglio printing > [noun] > mezzotint > tools scraper1747 cradle1788 grounding-tool?1790 rocking tool1841 rocker1875 ?1790 J. Imison Curious & Misc. Articles (new ed.) 50 in School of Arts (ed. 2) For the shades use a small grounding-tool. 1821 W. M. Craig Lect. Drawing vii. 411 The more the ground is scraped away,..the coarser and more evident is the granulation made by the grounding tool. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022). groundingadj. Brit. /ˈɡraʊndɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈɡraʊndɪŋ/ Etymology: < ground v. + -ing suffix². That grounds (in senses of the verb). ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > basis or foundation > [adjective] fundamental1588 primal1619 groundinga1641 radical1648 radicative1657 ultimate1659 substrated1663 substrate1678 foundational1683 principial1699 basic1846 basal1866 substratal1881 nuclear1912 gut1964 blue skies1985 the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > unpleasant quality > harsh or discordant quality > [adjective] > grating grating1718 griding1740 grinding1826 raspish1847 grounding1876 a1641 R. Montagu Acts & Monuments (1642) 117 The literall sense of Scriptures, is the prime, principall and grounding sense, but not the sole or onely sense. 1875 J. Veitch Lucretius 56 Postulating a grounding and surrounding visible universe. 1876 S. Lanier Poems (1884) 130 ‘Lay down your arms, damned Rebels!’ But never a grounding gun is heard. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1380adj.a1641
随便看	θ111456 θ111457 θ111458 θ111459 θ11146 θ111460 θ111461 θ111462 θ111463 θ111464 θ111465 θ111466 θ111467 θ111468 θ111469 θ11147 θ111470 θ111471 θ111472 θ111473 θ111474 θ111475 θ111476 θ111477 θ111478

groundingn.

Compounds

groundingadj.