half-bredadj.n.

Brit.

/ˈhɑːfbrɛd/, U.S.

/ˈhæfˌbrɛd/, Australian English

/ˈhʌːfbred/, New Zealand English /ˈhʌːfbred/

Forms: see half adv. and bred adj.¹

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: half adv., bred adj.¹

Etymology: < half adv. + bred adj.¹ Compare half-breed n., half-breed adj.

A. adj.

a. Of an animal: of mixed breed. Also figurative. Cf. half-breed adj. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > domestic animal > [adjective] > of livestock > kept for breeding > ill-bred

bastarda1398

half-bred1701

scrub1744

cross-bred1856

underbred1890

1607 G. Wilson Commendation of Cockes & Cock-fighting v. sig. D2^v Now lastly, as concerning your halfe-bred cockes, which are ingendred by the cocke of the game, and of the crauen Hen, or by the right bred, and best qualified Hen, and of the Dung-hill and degenerate cocke.

1701 N. Rowe Ambitious Step-mother iv. iii. 2022 Half-bred and of the Mungrel Strain of mischief.

1761 W. Osmer Treat. Dis. & Lameness Horses (new ed.) iii. iii. 282 My design is to shew, that the thorough-bred horse..is, for every purpose, far superior to him that is half-bred.

1864 Daily Tel. 19 July Lost, a Half-bred Setter and Retriever Dog.

1989 S. G. Hall & J. Clutton-Brock 200 Years Brit. Farm Livestock xvii. 203 (caption) This picture by Shiels represents a sow of the Siamese breed, imported from Singapore, with her litter by a halfbred Chinese male.

2002 Guardian 8 June i. 9/1 The most popular horses at the fair are piebalds, followed by speed horses and half-bred trotters.

b. spec. Of a sheep: mixed breed; (Australian and New Zealand) designating a sheep having one Merino parent. Cf. half-blood adj. 3b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > genus Ovus > [adjective] > that is bred or has died in particular way

traiked1828

metis1848

mestizo1854

half-bred1891

line-bred1891

1784 A. Wight Present State Husbandry in Scotl. III: Pt. ii. 389 Rams two years old, half bred, brought L. 5 Sterling each.

1819 Sydney Gaz. 12 June Three Half-bred Merino Rams.

1891 R. Wallace Rural Econ. Austral. & N.Z. xviii. 265 The half-bred sheep, being the various crosses between Merino ewes and long-woolled rams.

1959 S. J. Baker Drum ii. 116 Halfbred sheep, orig. a sheep by a longwool ram from a merino ewe; now loosely applied to the type.

2016 Dumfries & Galloway Standard (Nexis) 2 Sept. 18 Half-bred ewe lambs sold to a top of £135.

†2. depreciative. Of a person: not truly exhibiting good breeding, or the manners and behaviour resulting from a good upbringing; rather lacking in refinement. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social class > the common people > socially inferior person > [adjective]

low-bred1599

dunghilled1600

ungenteel1633

underbred1650

half-bred1694

ingenteel1694

ungentlemanlike1719

lowlife1728

under-degreed1748

lower class1812

downstairs1819

low-class1836

wrong1859

(as) common as dirt (also muck)1877

plebbish1928

downscale1930

non-U1954

the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > [adjective] > ill-mannered > ill-bred

foul-itowenc1225

villain1340

villainous?a1366

lewdc1380

ungentle1398

low-bred1599

ill-bred1622

unbred1622

underbred1650

unjaunty1671

ungenteel1676

half-bred1694

ingenteel1694

cocktail1835

mal élevé1878

hairy at the heel1890

1684 T. Otway Atheist v. 65 He runs, he runs; the Half-bred Hector runs. False Cards and Diee, and Quart-pot Brothel-Brawles, were fitter for his Management, than honourable Difference.

1694 F. Atterbury Scorner Incapable of Wisdom 8 An Half Bred man is conceited in his Address, and troublesome in his Conversation.

1739 Ess. & Lett. Var. Subj. 31 When half-bred People affect to imitate those who are really genteel,..they grow very troublesome, and never fail of being ridiculous.

1778 R. Lewis Candid Philosopher II. 196 In every great Town are to be seen Numbers of idle, half-bred Gentlemen.

1830 E. Duros Derwentwater I. xxii. 94 There are many half bred fellows who dash into desperate schemes one day, and the next fain sneak out of the turmoil they have helped to raise.

1876 Proc. Royal Colonial Inst. 7 281 It is no use sending out as missionaries half-bred men, or men who have disappointed as haircutters.

1922 N.Z. Parl. Deb. 193 651/2 Some half-bred detective or ignorant constable looking for preferment.

3. Of a person: descended from parents or ancestors of differing ethnic origin. Now derogatory and offensive.In quot. 1773 as part of a person's name, although this may represent a typographical error for half-breed (cf. half-breed adj. 1).

ΘΠ

the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > mixed race > [adjective] > person

mongrel1566

mulatto-like1719

half-breeda1762

mixed breed1775

half-caste1789

half-blood1830

three-quarter-bred1902

quarter-caste1952

biracial1963

multiracial1964

1773 St. James's Chron. 6 July In a late Engagement the Creek Indians had 19 Warriors killed, among whom was Half-bred Molton, a noted and principal Head Man of that Nation.

1818 Dublin Jrnl. 16 Dec. Bouche, the half-bred Indian,..had been confined twenty-six months as close prisoner.

1891 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Sydney-side Saxon (1925) 118 All those half-bred brats of his are sure to give him the slip as they get older.

1932 J. Cary Aissa Saved i. 6 A half-bred Fulani girl with big soft eyes and a fine golden skin.

2010 C. Rosenthal Coyote O'Donohughe's Hist. Texas xvii. 91 Iturbide claimed to be a Spanish pure blood, but it only took one look at him to see he was as half-bred as me.

B. n.

1. With the and plural agreement: people who lack refinement or manners, or who demonstrate an upbringing or education regarded as inferior, considered as a group. Now rare.

ΘΠ

society > society and the community > social class > the common people > socially inferior person > [noun] > collectively

vulgarsa1513

worsers1581

unconscionable1607

lower class1637

the lower orders1679

worses1857

lesser breeds1897

lower depths1902

the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > [noun] > unmannerliness > unrefined manners or behaviour > person > collective, condition, or estate of

clownship1606

boorish1794

yahoodom1890

muckerdom1893

ockerdom1974

1753 A. Ramsay Ess. Ridicule ii. 70 The sneer and laugh of contempt..is most commonly to be seen, not so much among the proud and ill-natured, as among the empty, the half-bred, and the half-witted.

1832 C. T. Moore Country Houses I. ii. iii. 177 The half bred and the under bred are ceremonious and punctilious, afraid of transgressing what they consider the rules of society.

1906 W. J. Locke Beloved Vagabond iii. 34 I find him avoiding..family hostelries where he will foregather with the half-educated, the half-bred, the half-souled; the offence of them is too rank for his spirit.

1988 E. Nettels Lang., Race & Social Class in Howells's Amer. iv. 69 Howells..distinguished different groups—the semi-cultured, the pseudo-cultured, the half-bred, the well-bred—by their speech.

2. An animal of mixed breed; (Australian and New Zealand) a sheep having one Merino parent. Cf. half-breed n. 3.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > domestic animal > [noun] > livestock > stock or breed > cross-breed

mule1772

cross-breed1844

half-bred1848

metis1852

mixed breed1864

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > genus Ovus > [noun] > Ovus Aries (domestic sheep) > half-bred

half-bred1848

mule1892

1798 J. Lawrence Philos. & Pract. Treat. Horses II. v. 206 I must here remark upon an established doctrine of the stables, ‘that half-breds won't stand training’.

1848 E. G. Wakefield Let. in N.Z. Jrnl. Agric. (1950) Feb. 136/3 The want of the more prolific and hardy constitution of the half-bred.

1856 ‘The Druid’ Post & Paddock x. 171 The best express carriers [pigeons] are half-breds, between an Antwerp and a dragon.

1956 G. Bowen Wool Away! (ed. 2) xii. 134 Half-breds are recognised in New Zealand as a cross between Merinos and one of the English longwool breeds.

2013 Irish Examiner (Nexis) 12 Aug. The place was full of fillies, foals, cobs, half-breds and nags of varying pedigree, but few people were buying.

3. Originally and chiefly North American. A person who is descended from parents or ancestors of differing ethnic origin; esp. a person of mixed white and North American Indian descent; = half-breed n. 1a. Now derogatory and offensive.Some examples may instead show an error for half-breed n. 1a.

ΘΠ

the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > mixed race > [noun] > person

mongrel1542

of (the) half blood1697

half-caste1758

half-breed1760

lip-lap1798

quarter-breed1821

half-blood1826

half-and-half1827

quarter-blood1827

quarter-caste1859

mixed blooda1862

brown1862

miscegen1864

yellowbelly1867

breed1870

redbone1890

miscegenate1898

high yellow1910

samba1958

lightie1991

the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > mixed race > [noun] > person white and Amerindian

mestizo1598

topass1680

half-breed1760

Paulist1772

bois brûlé1805

mameluco1809

metis1816

Paulista1817

mestino1842

ladino1877

redbone1890

mestizaje1943

cholo1959

1836 Alton (Illinois) Tel. 30 Mar. The one who killed Mr. Woodruff at the Spring Garden, was known by the name of M'Kensie, the son of a half bred of the same name.

1889 Mitchell (Dakota) Daily Republican 16 Jan. 1/1 From the abundance of the surplus is drawn every year, for each individual redskin, to say nothing of the Frenchmen and halfbreds who hover about his camp, a sum the half of which to many a destitute and deserving white man would seem almost a fortune.

1958 Daily Colonist 28 Oct. 4/4 Diefenbaker campaigned on a promise to give Indians and half-breds a square deal.

2019 @donestafia 12 Mar. in twitter.com (accessed 11 Oct. 2021) She doesn't look like a native Filipino. Is she a half-bred? Filipino-Spanish? Filipino-American?

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2022).

单词	half-bred
释义	half-bredadj.n. Brit. /ˈhɑːfbrɛd/, U.S. /ˈhæfˌbrɛd/, Australian English /ˈhʌːfbred/, New Zealand English /ˈhʌːfbred/ Forms: see half adv. and bred adj.¹ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: half adv., bred adj.¹ Etymology: < half adv. + bred adj.¹ Compare half-breed n., half-breed adj. A. adj. 1. a. Of an animal: of mixed breed. Also figurative. Cf. half-breed adj. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > domestic animal > [adjective] > of livestock > kept for breeding > ill-bred bastarda1398 half-bred1701 scrub1744 cross-bred1856 underbred1890 1607 G. Wilson Commendation of Cockes & Cock-fighting v. sig. D2^v Now lastly, as concerning your halfe-bred cockes, which are ingendred by the cocke of the game, and of the crauen Hen, or by the right bred, and best qualified Hen, and of the Dung-hill and degenerate cocke. 1701 N. Rowe Ambitious Step-mother iv. iii. 2022 Half-bred and of the Mungrel Strain of mischief. 1761 W. Osmer Treat. Dis. & Lameness Horses (new ed.) iii. iii. 282 My design is to shew, that the thorough-bred horse..is, for every purpose, far superior to him that is half-bred. 1864 Daily Tel. 19 July Lost, a Half-bred Setter and Retriever Dog. 1989 S. G. Hall & J. Clutton-Brock 200 Years Brit. Farm Livestock xvii. 203 (caption) This picture by Shiels represents a sow of the Siamese breed, imported from Singapore, with her litter by a halfbred Chinese male. 2002 Guardian 8 June i. 9/1 The most popular horses at the fair are piebalds, followed by speed horses and half-bred trotters. b. spec. Of a sheep: mixed breed; (Australian and New Zealand) designating a sheep having one Merino parent. Cf. half-blood adj. 3b. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > genus Ovus > [adjective] > that is bred or has died in particular way traiked1828 metis1848 mestizo1854 half-bred1891 line-bred1891 1784 A. Wight Present State Husbandry in Scotl. III: Pt. ii. 389 Rams two years old, half bred, brought L. 5 Sterling each. 1819 Sydney Gaz. 12 June Three Half-bred Merino Rams. 1891 R. Wallace Rural Econ. Austral. & N.Z. xviii. 265 The half-bred sheep, being the various crosses between Merino ewes and long-woolled rams. 1959 S. J. Baker Drum ii. 116 Halfbred sheep, orig. a sheep by a longwool ram from a merino ewe; now loosely applied to the type. 2016 Dumfries & Galloway Standard (Nexis) 2 Sept. 18 Half-bred ewe lambs sold to a top of £135. †2. depreciative. Of a person: not truly exhibiting good breeding, or the manners and behaviour resulting from a good upbringing; rather lacking in refinement. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social class > the common people > socially inferior person > [adjective] low-bred1599 dunghilled1600 ungenteel1633 underbred1650 half-bred1694 ingenteel1694 ungentlemanlike1719 lowlife1728 under-degreed1748 lower class1812 downstairs1819 low-class1836 wrong1859 (as) common as dirt (also muck)1877 plebbish1928 downscale1930 non-U1954 the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > [adjective] > ill-mannered > ill-bred foul-itowenc1225 villain1340 villainous?a1366 lewdc1380 ungentle1398 low-bred1599 ill-bred1622 unbred1622 underbred1650 unjaunty1671 ungenteel1676 half-bred1694 ingenteel1694 cocktail1835 mal élevé1878 hairy at the heel1890 1684 T. Otway Atheist v. 65 He runs, he runs; the Half-bred Hector runs. False Cards and Diee, and Quart-pot Brothel-Brawles, were fitter for his Management, than honourable Difference. 1694 F. Atterbury Scorner Incapable of Wisdom 8 An Half Bred man is conceited in his Address, and troublesome in his Conversation. 1739 Ess. & Lett. Var. Subj. 31 When half-bred People affect to imitate those who are really genteel,..they grow very troublesome, and never fail of being ridiculous. 1778 R. Lewis Candid Philosopher II. 196 In every great Town are to be seen Numbers of idle, half-bred Gentlemen. 1830 E. Duros Derwentwater I. xxii. 94 There are many half bred fellows who dash into desperate schemes one day, and the next fain sneak out of the turmoil they have helped to raise. 1876 Proc. Royal Colonial Inst. 7 281 It is no use sending out as missionaries half-bred men, or men who have disappointed as haircutters. 1922 N.Z. Parl. Deb. 193 651/2 Some half-bred detective or ignorant constable looking for preferment. 3. Of a person: descended from parents or ancestors of differing ethnic origin. Now derogatory and offensive.In quot. 1773 as part of a person's name, although this may represent a typographical error for half-breed (cf. half-breed adj. 1). ΘΠ the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > mixed race > [adjective] > person mongrel1566 mulatto-like1719 half-breeda1762 mixed breed1775 half-caste1789 half-blood1830 three-quarter-bred1902 quarter-caste1952 biracial1963 multiracial1964 1773 St. James's Chron. 6 July In a late Engagement the Creek Indians had 19 Warriors killed, among whom was Half-bred Molton, a noted and principal Head Man of that Nation. 1818 Dublin Jrnl. 16 Dec. Bouche, the half-bred Indian,..had been confined twenty-six months as close prisoner. 1891 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Sydney-side Saxon (1925) 118 All those half-bred brats of his are sure to give him the slip as they get older. 1932 J. Cary Aissa Saved i. 6 A half-bred Fulani girl with big soft eyes and a fine golden skin. 2010 C. Rosenthal Coyote O'Donohughe's Hist. Texas xvii. 91 Iturbide claimed to be a Spanish pure blood, but it only took one look at him to see he was as half-bred as me. B. n. 1. With the and plural agreement: people who lack refinement or manners, or who demonstrate an upbringing or education regarded as inferior, considered as a group. Now rare. ΘΠ society > society and the community > social class > the common people > socially inferior person > [noun] > collectively vulgarsa1513 worsers1581 unconscionable1607 lower class1637 the lower orders1679 worses1857 lesser breeds1897 lower depths1902 the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > [noun] > unmannerliness > unrefined manners or behaviour > person > collective, condition, or estate of clownship1606 boorish1794 yahoodom1890 muckerdom1893 ockerdom1974 1753 A. Ramsay Ess. Ridicule ii. 70 The sneer and laugh of contempt..is most commonly to be seen, not so much among the proud and ill-natured, as among the empty, the half-bred, and the half-witted. 1832 C. T. Moore Country Houses I. ii. iii. 177 The half bred and the under bred are ceremonious and punctilious, afraid of transgressing what they consider the rules of society. 1906 W. J. Locke Beloved Vagabond iii. 34 I find him avoiding..family hostelries where he will foregather with the half-educated, the half-bred, the half-souled; the offence of them is too rank for his spirit. 1988 E. Nettels Lang., Race & Social Class in Howells's Amer. iv. 69 Howells..distinguished different groups—the semi-cultured, the pseudo-cultured, the half-bred, the well-bred—by their speech. 2. An animal of mixed breed; (Australian and New Zealand) a sheep having one Merino parent. Cf. half-breed n. 3. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > domestic animal > [noun] > livestock > stock or breed > cross-breed mule1772 cross-breed1844 half-bred1848 metis1852 mixed breed1864 the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > genus Ovus > [noun] > Ovus Aries (domestic sheep) > half-bred half-bred1848 mule1892 1798 J. Lawrence Philos. & Pract. Treat. Horses II. v. 206 I must here remark upon an established doctrine of the stables, ‘that half-breds won't stand training’. 1848 E. G. Wakefield Let. in N.Z. Jrnl. Agric. (1950) Feb. 136/3 The want of the more prolific and hardy constitution of the half-bred. 1856 ‘The Druid’ Post & Paddock x. 171 The best express carriers [pigeons] are half-breds, between an Antwerp and a dragon. 1956 G. Bowen Wool Away! (ed. 2) xii. 134 Half-breds are recognised in New Zealand as a cross between Merinos and one of the English longwool breeds. 2013 Irish Examiner (Nexis) 12 Aug. The place was full of fillies, foals, cobs, half-breds and nags of varying pedigree, but few people were buying. 3. Originally and chiefly North American. A person who is descended from parents or ancestors of differing ethnic origin; esp. a person of mixed white and North American Indian descent; = half-breed n. 1a. Now derogatory and offensive.Some examples may instead show an error for half-breed n. 1a. ΘΠ the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > mixed race > [noun] > person mongrel1542 of (the) half blood1697 half-caste1758 half-breed1760 lip-lap1798 quarter-breed1821 half-blood1826 half-and-half1827 quarter-blood1827 quarter-caste1859 mixed blooda1862 brown1862 miscegen1864 yellowbelly1867 breed1870 redbone1890 miscegenate1898 high yellow1910 samba1958 lightie1991 the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > mixed race > [noun] > person white and Amerindian mestizo1598 topass1680 half-breed1760 Paulist1772 bois brûlé1805 mameluco1809 metis1816 Paulista1817 mestino1842 ladino1877 redbone1890 mestizaje1943 cholo1959 1836 Alton (Illinois) Tel. 30 Mar. The one who killed Mr. Woodruff at the Spring Garden, was known by the name of M'Kensie, the son of a half bred of the same name. 1889 Mitchell (Dakota) Daily Republican 16 Jan. 1/1 From the abundance of the surplus is drawn every year, for each individual redskin, to say nothing of the Frenchmen and halfbreds who hover about his camp, a sum the half of which to many a destitute and deserving white man would seem almost a fortune. 1958 Daily Colonist 28 Oct. 4/4 Diefenbaker campaigned on a promise to give Indians and half-breds a square deal. 2019 @donestafia 12 Mar. in twitter.com (accessed 11 Oct. 2021) She doesn't look like a native Filipino. Is she a half-bred? Filipino-Spanish? Filipino-American? This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2022). > as lemmas half-bred 3. Of animals: Of good breed. So with reference to the comparative purity of the breed: thorough-bred, half-bred, three-parts-bred, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > domestic animal > [adjective] > of livestock > kept for breeding > well-bred gentle?a1300 true-bred1607 well-bred1607 racy1676 bred1710 high-bred1731 full-blood1764 full-blooded1784 thoroughbred1788 pure blood1818 toppy1893 straight-bred1898 straight1972 1710 London Gaz. No. 4677/4 Their Horses seem to have been bred Horses. 1787 ‘G. Gambado’ Acad. Horsemen 3 Nothing now is to be seen but bred horses. 1859 J. M. Jephson & L. Reeve Narr. Walking Tour Brittany iii. 29 Thorough-bred horses in stalls. extracted from bredadj.¹ < adj.n.1607 as lemmas
随便看	have a rough ride have a routine down pat have a routine off pat have a routine pat have a run for one's money have a run-in have a run-in with have a runin have a runin with have a saying to have a scantling of have a scent have a screw have a screw at have a screw loose have a see have a serve of have a set on have a set on a person have a share in have a sheep's eye have a shit have a shot in one's locker have a shot in the locker have a show

half-bredadj.n.

> as lemmas