grovellinggrovelingn.

/ˈɡrɒv(ə)lɪŋ/

Etymology: < grovel v. + -ing suffix¹.

The action of grovel v.; literal and figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of lying down or reclining > [noun] > prostrate or face down

prostration1440

prosternationa1500

grovelling1611

humicubation1656

concidency1681

1611 J. Florio Queen Anna's New World of Words Trabocco, a downe-fall, a groueling on the ground.

1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 153 Mahomet..perswaded them..that his groueling and foming (a disease much troubling him) was caused by [etc.].

1726 W. Broome To Pope 62 Sink, without groveling; without rashness, rise.

1876 L. Stephen Hours in Libr. 2nd Ser. viii. 381 His lavish splendour..implies no grovelling before the ordinary British duke.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online December 2019).

grovellinggrovelingadj.

/ˈɡrɒv(ə)lɪŋ/

Etymology: Originally an attributive use of grovelling adv.; subsequently apprehended as present participle of grovel v.

a. Having the face or belly towards or on the ground; prone. (Said esp. of the lower animals.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > animal body > [adjective] > having face or belly on or towards ground

grovelling?a1534

?a1534 H. Medwall Nature i. sig. aii^v All other bestys as thyngys vnworthy To behold therth wyth grouelyng countenaunce.

1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus at Abijcio Nature hath made beastes bent or grouelynge with their heades downewarde to their foode.

1637 J. Milton Comus 3 Circe..Whose charmed Cup Whoever tasted lost his upright shape, And downward fell into a grovling Swine.

a1680 S. Butler Genuine Remains (1759) II. 18 Nature gave Man an erect Figure, to raise him above the groveling Condition of..the Beasts.

1738 J. Wesley Coll. Psalms & Hymns (new ed.) cxlvii. x While groveling Beasts attempt his Praise In hoarser Harmony.

1803 J. Leyden Scenes of Infancy iii. 331 The grovelling monster long Blew the shrill hiss.

b. Applied to a low-growing plant.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > [adjective] > lowly or humble

grovelling1750

humble1860

lowly1886

the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > [adjective] > low-growing

humil1567

base1578

humble1658

grovelling1750

underling1830

1750 G. Hughes Nat. Hist. Barbados Pref. 6 A pompous stile would ill fit..the description of a grovelling plant.

1750 G. Hughes Nat. Hist. Barbados 127 It is but a grovelling, prickly, uncouth tree.

2. transferred and figurative. Of persons, qualities, conditions, etc.: Abject, base, low, mean, sordid.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > condition of being held in contempt > [adjective] > contemptible

unworthc893

unwrastc893

littleOE

narrow-hearteda1200

wretcha1200

unworthya1240

wretchedc1250

un-i-wrastc1275

bad1276

lechera1300

feeblea1325

despisablea1340

villain1340

contemptiblec1384

lousyc1386

caitiff1393

brothelyc1400

roinousa1425

poor1425

sevenpennyc1475

nasty1477

peakish1519

filthy1533

despectuous1541

beggary1542

scald1542

shitten?1545

disdainfula1547

contemptuous1549

despicable1553

skit-brained?1553

contemniblea1555

vile1560

sluttish1561

queer1567

scornful1570

scallardc1575

tinkerly?1576

worthless1576

beggarly?1577

paltry1578

halfpenny1579

dog bolt1580

pitiful1582

sneaking1582

triobolar1585

wormisha1586

baddy1586

dudgeon1592

measled1596

packstaff1598

roguey1598

roguish1601

contemptful1608

grovelling1608

lightly1608

disdainable1611

purulent1611

snotty-nose1622

vilipendious1630

cittern-headed1638

wormy1640

pissabed1643

triobolary1644

disparageable1648

blue-bellied1652

unestimable1656

scullion1658

piteous1667

dirty1670

shabbed1674

shabby1679

snotty1681

snotty-nosed1682

mucky1683

bollocky1694

scoundrel1700

scaldeda1704

sneaking1703

ficulnean1716

unsolid1731

pitiable1753

scrubby1754

inimitable1798

scrubbish1798

worm-likea1807

small1824

lowlife1827

ketty1828

skunkish1831

yellow-bellied1833

scaly1843

cockroachya1845

wutless1853

nigger1859

trashy1862

low-down1872

cruddy1877

shitty1879

tinhorn1886

blithering1889

motherfucking1890

snidey1890

pilgarlicky1894

shitass1895

shoddy1918

yah boo1921

bitching1929

shit-faced1932

turdish1936

fricking1937

jerk-off1937

chickenshit1940

sheg-up1941

snot-nosed1941

jerky1944

mother-loving1948

scroungy1948

fecking1952

pissant1952

shit-kicking1953

shit-eating1956

bumboclaat1957

rassclaat1957

shit-headed1959

farkakte1960

shithouse1966

daggy1967

dipshit1968

scuzzy1969

bloodclaat1971

bitch ass1972

wanky1972

streelish1974

twatty1975

twattish1976

dweeby1988

douchey1991

wank1991

cockish1996

society > morality > moral evil > evil nature or character > lack of magnanimity or noble-mindedness > [adjective] > base or vile > specifically of actions, conduct, etc.

vilec1290

villains1303

villain1340

base?1518

vild1568

slavish1597

grovelling1608

unworthy1694

1608 J. Sylvester tr. O. de la Nove Profit Imprisonm. in Wks. (1621) 644 Our groueling earth-desires.

1633 G. Herbert Pearl in Temple iv Not my groveling wit, But thy silk twist let down from heav'n to me, Did..teach me, how by it To climbe to thee.

1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. Concl. 192 You..may be well placed in a rank specifically different from the rest of groveling Humanity.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 96 New ways I must attempt, my groveling Name To raise aloft, and wing my flight to Fame.

1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 58. ¶1 One who had written a Treatise upon the Sublime in a low groveling Stile.

1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones VI. xvii. iv. 116 I cannot bear your groveling Temper; you have none of the Blood of the Westerns in you.

1821 Ld. Byron Cain i. i, in Sardanapalus 357 That is a grov'ling wish.

1826 W. Scott Woodstock I. ii. 50 The ploughman Desborough—as grovelling a clown as is in England.

1827 J. Keble Christian Year I. xxxvi. 144 Lift on high Thy grovelling soul.

1835 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece I. i. 13 The Bœotians sank into a depth of groveling sensuality.

a1862 H. T. Buckle Misc. Wks. (1872) I. 195 Some of the most powerful minds were still corrupted by foolish and grovelling superstition.

absolute.1797 W. Godwin Enquirer i. viii. 75 The groveling and feeble-hearted are consequently discouraged.

Derivatives

ˈgrovellingly adv.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of lying down or reclining > [adverb] > prostrate or face down

groofc1374

on grufe (rarely on the grufe)c1375

grovellingsa1400

grovellingc1400

agroofc1425

womblonga1475

grovellingly1548

prostrately1556

grovellingwise1561

flatlong1570

pronely1578

on one's grufe1788

ventre à terre1960

the mind > emotion > humility > self-abasement > [adverb]

grovellingly1898

1548–67 W. Thomas Ital. Gram. & Dict. Istraboccheuola, fallyng grouelynglie.

1898 Westm. Gaz. 14 Feb. 3/1 His wife..is grovellingly apologetic.

† ˈgrovellingwise adv. Obsolete in a grovelling manner.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of lying down or reclining > [adverb] > prostrate or face down

groofc1374

on grufe (rarely on the grufe)c1375

grovellingsa1400

grovellingc1400

agroofc1425

womblonga1475

grovellingly1548

prostrately1556

grovellingwise1561

flatlong1570

pronely1578

on one's grufe1788

ventre à terre1960

1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. i. f. 51 Where all other liuing creatures do grouellingwise behold the ground.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2019).

grovellinggrovelingadv.

/ˈɡrɒv(ə)lɪŋ/

Forms: Middle English–1500s grovelyng(e, Middle English– groveling, 1500s– grovelling, (Middle English grovelinge, groflyng, grofeling, 1500s grovellynge, gruffelyng, grooveling, groovelyn, 1600s grovelong, grobling); northern and ScottishMiddle English grufelynge, growflyng, growelynge, 1500s grufling, gruling.

Etymology: Middle English grovelynge , northern grufelynge , < groof n. and adv. + -ling suffix². After the verb grovel v. had come into general use the adverb began to be restricted to uses in which it could be apprehended as the present participle used predicatively.

Obsolete or archaic; but see grovelling adj.

a. Face downward; in or to a prone or prostrate position.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of lying down or reclining > [adverb] > prostrate or face down

groofc1374

on grufe (rarely on the grufe)c1375

grovellingsa1400

grovellingc1400

agroofc1425

womblonga1475

grovellingly1548

prostrately1556

grovellingwise1561

flatlong1570

pronely1578

on one's grufe1788

ventre à terre1960

c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 1119 Þise alder men quen he aproched, Grouelyng to his fete þay felle.

1413 Pilgr. Sowle (1859) ii. xliii. 49 Sathanas was fallen grouelinge gretyng and cryenge with a lothely voys, byholding doune in to erthe.

1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur iv. viii Sir launcelot lepte vpon hym, and pulled hym grouelyng doune.

1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 79/2 They were trobled and tremblyng fyl doun groflyng on theyr faces upon the ground.

1483 Cath. Angl. 166/2 Grufelynge [MS. A. Growflyng], supinus.

1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid iii. ix. 37 Gruling on his kneis, He lappit me fast by baith the theis.

1542 A. Borde Compend. Regyment Helth viii. sig. D.iv^v To slepe grouelynge vpon the stomacke and belly is not good.

c1560 A. Scott Poems (S.T.S.) xxxvi. 3 Soir mornyng, grufling on my face.

1598 R. Hakluyt tr. Vincent of Beauvais in Princ. Navigations (new ed.) I. 54 In regarde of the great winde we were constrained to lye groueling on the earth.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 165 The dead corps of a man floteth on the water with the face vpward, but contrariwise women swim groveling.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 408 Some..lay themselues grouelong with their chinnes touching the ground.

1631 J. Rous Diary (1856) 60 [She] fell grobling (her armes being foulded) at the head of a payre of staires.

1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius De Rebus Belgicis 886 A Bullet..broke and tore off his left Thigh, and threw him groveling.

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) (at cited word) Among Hunters a Deer is said To feed groveling when she feeds upon her Belly, being tir'd with the Chace.

1855 C. Kingsley Heroes iv. 138 The bull fell grovelling on his knees.

1869 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1876) III. xi. 42 The Earl of the West Saxons bowed himself to the ground, and lay grovelling.

in extended use.1713 W. Derham Physico-theol. i. i. 10 Flat Fishes, as Soles, Plaise, &c. which lie always grovelling at the bottom.figurative.1704 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion III. xiii. 338 The Royal and Loyal Party lay groveling, and prostrate, after the defeat of Worcester.

†b. Horizontally. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > horizontal position or condition > [adverb]

endlong1393

grovelling1562

flatling1605

levelly1610

forthright1640

horizontally1646

horizontically1692

1562 W. Turner 2nd Pt. Herball f. 74^v The moste parte [of date stones] haue a nauel in the myddes of theyr bellies. And from that place commeth first furthe y^t it diuideth it self into a roote. It is best to saw it grouelyng.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

n.1611

adj.?a1534

adv.c1400

单词	grovelling
释义	grovellinggrovelingn. /ˈɡrɒv(ə)lɪŋ/ Etymology: < grovel v. + -ing suffix¹. The action of grovel v.; literal and figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of lying down or reclining > [noun] > prostrate or face down prostration1440 prosternationa1500 grovelling1611 humicubation1656 concidency1681 1611 J. Florio Queen Anna's New World of Words Trabocco, a downe-fall, a groueling on the ground. 1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 153 Mahomet..perswaded them..that his groueling and foming (a disease much troubling him) was caused by [etc.]. 1726 W. Broome To Pope 62 Sink, without groveling; without rashness, rise. 1876 L. Stephen Hours in Libr. 2nd Ser. viii. 381 His lavish splendour..implies no grovelling before the ordinary British duke. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online December 2019). grovellinggrovelingadj. /ˈɡrɒv(ə)lɪŋ/ Etymology: Originally an attributive use of grovelling adv.; subsequently apprehended as present participle of grovel v. 1. a. Having the face or belly towards or on the ground; prone. (Said esp. of the lower animals.) ΘΚΠ the world > animals > animal body > [adjective] > having face or belly on or towards ground grovelling?a1534 ?a1534 H. Medwall Nature i. sig. aii^v All other bestys as thyngys vnworthy To behold therth wyth grouelyng countenaunce. 1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus at Abijcio Nature hath made beastes bent or grouelynge with their heades downewarde to their foode. 1637 J. Milton Comus 3 Circe..Whose charmed Cup Whoever tasted lost his upright shape, And downward fell into a grovling Swine. a1680 S. Butler Genuine Remains (1759) II. 18 Nature gave Man an erect Figure, to raise him above the groveling Condition of..the Beasts. 1738 J. Wesley Coll. Psalms & Hymns (new ed.) cxlvii. x While groveling Beasts attempt his Praise In hoarser Harmony. 1803 J. Leyden Scenes of Infancy iii. 331 The grovelling monster long Blew the shrill hiss. b. Applied to a low-growing plant. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > [adjective] > lowly or humble grovelling1750 humble1860 lowly1886 the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > [adjective] > low-growing humil1567 base1578 humble1658 grovelling1750 underling1830 1750 G. Hughes Nat. Hist. Barbados Pref. 6 A pompous stile would ill fit..the description of a grovelling plant. 1750 G. Hughes Nat. Hist. Barbados 127 It is but a grovelling, prickly, uncouth tree. 2. transferred and figurative. Of persons, qualities, conditions, etc.: Abject, base, low, mean, sordid. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > condition of being held in contempt > [adjective] > contemptible unworthc893 unwrastc893 littleOE narrow-hearteda1200 wretcha1200 unworthya1240 wretchedc1250 un-i-wrastc1275 bad1276 lechera1300 feeblea1325 despisablea1340 villain1340 contemptiblec1384 lousyc1386 caitiff1393 brothelyc1400 roinousa1425 poor1425 sevenpennyc1475 nasty1477 peakish1519 filthy1533 despectuous1541 beggary1542 scald1542 shitten?1545 disdainfula1547 contemptuous1549 despicable1553 skit-brained?1553 contemniblea1555 vile1560 sluttish1561 queer1567 scornful1570 scallardc1575 tinkerly?1576 worthless1576 beggarly?1577 paltry1578 halfpenny1579 dog bolt1580 pitiful1582 sneaking1582 triobolar1585 wormisha1586 baddy1586 dudgeon1592 measled1596 packstaff1598 roguey1598 roguish1601 contemptful1608 grovelling1608 lightly1608 disdainable1611 purulent1611 snotty-nose1622 vilipendious1630 cittern-headed1638 wormy1640 pissabed1643 triobolary1644 disparageable1648 blue-bellied1652 unestimable1656 scullion1658 piteous1667 dirty1670 shabbed1674 shabby1679 snotty1681 snotty-nosed1682 mucky1683 bollocky1694 scoundrel1700 scaldeda1704 sneaking1703 ficulnean1716 unsolid1731 pitiable1753 scrubby1754 inimitable1798 scrubbish1798 worm-likea1807 small1824 lowlife1827 ketty1828 skunkish1831 yellow-bellied1833 scaly1843 cockroachya1845 wutless1853 nigger1859 trashy1862 low-down1872 cruddy1877 shitty1879 tinhorn1886 blithering1889 motherfucking1890 snidey1890 pilgarlicky1894 shitass1895 shoddy1918 yah boo1921 bitching1929 shit-faced1932 turdish1936 fricking1937 jerk-off1937 chickenshit1940 sheg-up1941 snot-nosed1941 jerky1944 mother-loving1948 scroungy1948 fecking1952 pissant1952 shit-kicking1953 shit-eating1956 bumboclaat1957 rassclaat1957 shit-headed1959 farkakte1960 shithouse1966 daggy1967 dipshit1968 scuzzy1969 bloodclaat1971 bitch ass1972 wanky1972 streelish1974 twatty1975 twattish1976 dweeby1988 douchey1991 wank1991 cockish1996 society > morality > moral evil > evil nature or character > lack of magnanimity or noble-mindedness > [adjective] > base or vile > specifically of actions, conduct, etc. vilec1290 villains1303 villain1340 base?1518 vild1568 slavish1597 grovelling1608 unworthy1694 1608 J. Sylvester tr. O. de la Nove Profit Imprisonm. in Wks. (1621) 644 Our groueling earth-desires. 1633 G. Herbert Pearl in Temple iv Not my groveling wit, But thy silk twist let down from heav'n to me, Did..teach me, how by it To climbe to thee. 1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. Concl. 192 You..may be well placed in a rank specifically different from the rest of groveling Humanity. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 96 New ways I must attempt, my groveling Name To raise aloft, and wing my flight to Fame. View more context for this quotation 1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 58. ¶1 One who had written a Treatise upon the Sublime in a low groveling Stile. 1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones VI. xvii. iv. 116 I cannot bear your groveling Temper; you have none of the Blood of the Westerns in you. View more context for this quotation 1821 Ld. Byron Cain i. i, in Sardanapalus 357 That is a grov'ling wish. 1826 W. Scott Woodstock I. ii. 50 The ploughman Desborough—as grovelling a clown as is in England. 1827 J. Keble Christian Year I. xxxvi. 144 Lift on high Thy grovelling soul. 1835 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece I. i. 13 The Bœotians sank into a depth of groveling sensuality. a1862 H. T. Buckle Misc. Wks. (1872) I. 195 Some of the most powerful minds were still corrupted by foolish and grovelling superstition. absolute.1797 W. Godwin Enquirer i. viii. 75 The groveling and feeble-hearted are consequently discouraged. Derivatives ˈgrovellingly adv. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of lying down or reclining > [adverb] > prostrate or face down groofc1374 on grufe (rarely on the grufe)c1375 grovellingsa1400 grovellingc1400 agroofc1425 womblonga1475 grovellingly1548 prostrately1556 grovellingwise1561 flatlong1570 pronely1578 on one's grufe1788 ventre à terre1960 the mind > emotion > humility > self-abasement > [adverb] grovellingly1898 1548–67 W. Thomas Ital. Gram. & Dict. Istraboccheuola, fallyng grouelynglie. 1898 Westm. Gaz. 14 Feb. 3/1 His wife..is grovellingly apologetic. † ˈgrovellingwise adv. Obsolete in a grovelling manner. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of lying down or reclining > [adverb] > prostrate or face down groofc1374 on grufe (rarely on the grufe)c1375 grovellingsa1400 grovellingc1400 agroofc1425 womblonga1475 grovellingly1548 prostrately1556 grovellingwise1561 flatlong1570 pronely1578 on one's grufe1788 ventre à terre1960 1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. i. f. 51 Where all other liuing creatures do grouellingwise behold the ground. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2019). grovellinggrovelingadv. /ˈɡrɒv(ə)lɪŋ/ Forms: Middle English–1500s grovelyng(e, Middle English– groveling, 1500s– grovelling, (Middle English grovelinge, groflyng, grofeling, 1500s grovellynge, gruffelyng, grooveling, groovelyn, 1600s grovelong, grobling); northern and ScottishMiddle English grufelynge, growflyng, growelynge, 1500s grufling, gruling. Etymology: Middle English grovelynge , northern grufelynge , < groof n. and adv. + -ling suffix². After the verb grovel v. had come into general use the adverb began to be restricted to uses in which it could be apprehended as the present participle used predicatively. Obsolete or archaic; but see grovelling adj. a. Face downward; in or to a prone or prostrate position. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of lying down or reclining > [adverb] > prostrate or face down groofc1374 on grufe (rarely on the grufe)c1375 grovellingsa1400 grovellingc1400 agroofc1425 womblonga1475 grovellingly1548 prostrately1556 grovellingwise1561 flatlong1570 pronely1578 on one's grufe1788 ventre à terre1960 c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 1119 Þise alder men quen he aproched, Grouelyng to his fete þay felle. 1413 Pilgr. Sowle (1859) ii. xliii. 49 Sathanas was fallen grouelinge gretyng and cryenge with a lothely voys, byholding doune in to erthe. 1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur iv. viii Sir launcelot lepte vpon hym, and pulled hym grouelyng doune. 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 79/2 They were trobled and tremblyng fyl doun groflyng on theyr faces upon the ground. 1483 Cath. Angl. 166/2 Grufelynge [MS. A. Growflyng], supinus. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid iii. ix. 37 Gruling on his kneis, He lappit me fast by baith the theis. 1542 A. Borde Compend. Regyment Helth viii. sig. D.iv^v To slepe grouelynge vpon the stomacke and belly is not good. c1560 A. Scott Poems (S.T.S.) xxxvi. 3 Soir mornyng, grufling on my face. 1598 R. Hakluyt tr. Vincent of Beauvais in Princ. Navigations (new ed.) I. 54 In regarde of the great winde we were constrained to lye groueling on the earth. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 165 The dead corps of a man floteth on the water with the face vpward, but contrariwise women swim groveling. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 408 Some..lay themselues grouelong with their chinnes touching the ground. 1631 J. Rous Diary (1856) 60 [She] fell grobling (her armes being foulded) at the head of a payre of staires. 1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius De Rebus Belgicis 886 A Bullet..broke and tore off his left Thigh, and threw him groveling. 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) (at cited word) Among Hunters a Deer is said To feed groveling when she feeds upon her Belly, being tir'd with the Chace. 1855 C. Kingsley Heroes iv. 138 The bull fell grovelling on his knees. 1869 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1876) III. xi. 42 The Earl of the West Saxons bowed himself to the ground, and lay grovelling. in extended use.1713 W. Derham Physico-theol. i. i. 10 Flat Fishes, as Soles, Plaise, &c. which lie always grovelling at the bottom.figurative.1704 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion III. xiii. 338 The Royal and Loyal Party lay groveling, and prostrate, after the defeat of Worcester. †b. Horizontally. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > horizontal position or condition > [adverb] endlong1393 grovelling1562 flatling1605 levelly1610 forthright1640 horizontally1646 horizontically1692 1562 W. Turner 2nd Pt. Herball f. 74^v The moste parte [of date stones] haue a nauel in the myddes of theyr bellies. And from that place commeth first furthe y^t it diuideth it self into a roote. It is best to saw it grouelyng. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online June 2021). < n.1611adj.?a1534adv.c1400
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