gyroscopen.

/ˈdʒʌɪərəskəʊp/

Etymology: < French gyroscope (Foucault, 1852): see gyro- comb. form and -scope comb. form.

Dynamics.

An instrument designed to illustrate the dynamics of rotating bodies, and consisting essentially of a solid rotating wheel mounted in a ring, and having its axis free to turn in any direction. Also used, in various modifications or in conjunction with other equipment, to provide a horizontal or vertical reference direction (as in the artificial horizon and the gyro-compass), to stabilize ships, mono-rail vehicles, etc., and to measure angular velocity and angular acceleration (as in the turn-and-bank indicator and other navigational devices). The form of this apparatus invented by Foucault is contrived so as to render evident the rotation of the earth, through the tendency of the wheel (being free from the influence of disturbing forces) to maintain its rotation in a fixed plane independently of the earth's motion.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > mechanics > types of motion > [noun] > instrument illustrating rotatory motion

rotoscope1831

gyroscope1856

gyrostat1879

gyro1910

1856 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 71 119 Foucault placed between the poles of a strong electro-magnet the solid of revolution belonging to the gyroscope.

1857 Chambers's Jrnl. 30 May 351/2 To overcome it [sc. rolling and pitching]..the professor invented a balanced frame, with free axes for rotation, somewhat on the principle of the gyroscope, which..remains uninfluenced by the..movements of the ship.

1862 H. Spencer First Princ. ii. xvi. §130. 443 That opposition which the axial momentum of a rotating body makes to any change in the plane of rotation (so beautifully exhibited in the gyroscope).

1862 H. Holland Ess. i. 27 The Gyroscope of Foucault..shews to the eye in a few minutes, by the angular deviation from its plane of rotation, the movement the earth has made in this short space of time.

1871 Cornhill Mag. 24 450 It is probable that the principle of the instrument called the gyroscope will be called into action to secure steadiness of motion [for aircraft].

1879 G. B. Prescott Speaking Telephone (new ed.) 261 [Prof. Dolbear] invented and constructed a gyroscope to run by electro~magnetism.

1891 Cassell's Family Mag. 187/1 A small gyroscope has also been fitted to the ship's sextants, so as to give an invariable line of sight.

1904 Daily Chron. 29 Feb. 4/5 The newest torpedoes, we are told, will have a speed of thirty knots for 3,000 yards, and, thanks to the gyroscope, almost perfect accuracy can be relied upon.

1907 Standard 23 Mar. The experiments showed conclusively that gyroscopes could be designed which would exercise a sensible steadying effect upon even the largest passenger steamers on service.

1942 B. A. Shields Princ. Flight viii. 297 The gyro horizon, or the artificial horizon as it is often called, also depends on a gyroscope for its operation.

1962 F. I. Ordway et al. Basic Astronautics ix. 372 The gyroscope in conjunction with the accelerometer forms the heart of modern space vehicle guidance systems.

1966 W. Burger & A. G. Corbet Ship Stabilizers ii. 24 The three types of ‘three-frame’ gyroscopes discussed are often called ‘displacement’ gyroscopes because they can measure angular displacement between the framework in which they are mounted and a fixed reference mark—the rotor axle.

Compounds

gyroscope-compass n. = gyro-compass n. at gyro n.¹ Compounds.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > navigational aids > [noun] > compass > types of

paradoxal compass1558

steering compass1669

variation compass1669

correcting compass1821

telltale1828

pelorus1854

liquid compass1865

gyroscope-compass1909

gyro-compass1910

radio compass1912

gyro1914

gyroscopic compass1920

inductor compass1922

gyro-pilot1923

induction compass1925

astrocompass1942

flux gate compass1946

1909 Westm. Gaz. 20 Apr. 9/3 The gyroscope-compass, an invention of Dr. Anschuetz-Kaempfe, of Kiel,..is based upon the familiar principle that a rapidly rotating body tends to keep in the same plane.

gyroscope governor n. a steam governor in which a gyroscope acts as regulator.

ΚΠ

1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Gyroscope-governor.

gyroscope top n. a spinning top on the gyroscope principle, which when spinning may be supported by one end of its horizontal axis.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > toy or plaything > top > [noun] > other tops

scopperilc1425

fizgig1656

gyroscope top1880

dice-top1894

1880 Encycl. Brit. XI. 352/2 Perhaps the most common form of gyroscope is that which has been largely sold under the name of the gyroscope top.

1921–2 T. Eaton & Co. Catal. Fall–Winter 328 The Gyroscope Top..spins at either end or in the middle.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

单词	gyroscope
释义	gyroscopen. /ˈdʒʌɪərəskəʊp/ Etymology: < French gyroscope (Foucault, 1852): see gyro- comb. form and -scope comb. form. Dynamics. An instrument designed to illustrate the dynamics of rotating bodies, and consisting essentially of a solid rotating wheel mounted in a ring, and having its axis free to turn in any direction. Also used, in various modifications or in conjunction with other equipment, to provide a horizontal or vertical reference direction (as in the artificial horizon and the gyro-compass), to stabilize ships, mono-rail vehicles, etc., and to measure angular velocity and angular acceleration (as in the turn-and-bank indicator and other navigational devices). The form of this apparatus invented by Foucault is contrived so as to render evident the rotation of the earth, through the tendency of the wheel (being free from the influence of disturbing forces) to maintain its rotation in a fixed plane independently of the earth's motion. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > mechanics > types of motion > [noun] > instrument illustrating rotatory motion rotoscope1831 gyroscope1856 gyrostat1879 gyro1910 1856 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 71 119 Foucault placed between the poles of a strong electro-magnet the solid of revolution belonging to the gyroscope. 1857 Chambers's Jrnl. 30 May 351/2 To overcome it [sc. rolling and pitching]..the professor invented a balanced frame, with free axes for rotation, somewhat on the principle of the gyroscope, which..remains uninfluenced by the..movements of the ship. 1862 H. Spencer First Princ. ii. xvi. §130. 443 That opposition which the axial momentum of a rotating body makes to any change in the plane of rotation (so beautifully exhibited in the gyroscope). 1862 H. Holland Ess. i. 27 The Gyroscope of Foucault..shews to the eye in a few minutes, by the angular deviation from its plane of rotation, the movement the earth has made in this short space of time. 1871 Cornhill Mag. 24 450 It is probable that the principle of the instrument called the gyroscope will be called into action to secure steadiness of motion [for aircraft]. 1879 G. B. Prescott Speaking Telephone (new ed.) 261 [Prof. Dolbear] invented and constructed a gyroscope to run by electro~magnetism. 1891 Cassell's Family Mag. 187/1 A small gyroscope has also been fitted to the ship's sextants, so as to give an invariable line of sight. 1904 Daily Chron. 29 Feb. 4/5 The newest torpedoes, we are told, will have a speed of thirty knots for 3,000 yards, and, thanks to the gyroscope, almost perfect accuracy can be relied upon. 1907 Standard 23 Mar. The experiments showed conclusively that gyroscopes could be designed which would exercise a sensible steadying effect upon even the largest passenger steamers on service. 1942 B. A. Shields Princ. Flight viii. 297 The gyro horizon, or the artificial horizon as it is often called, also depends on a gyroscope for its operation. 1962 F. I. Ordway et al. Basic Astronautics ix. 372 The gyroscope in conjunction with the accelerometer forms the heart of modern space vehicle guidance systems. 1966 W. Burger & A. G. Corbet Ship Stabilizers ii. 24 The three types of ‘three-frame’ gyroscopes discussed are often called ‘displacement’ gyroscopes because they can measure angular displacement between the framework in which they are mounted and a fixed reference mark—the rotor axle. Compounds gyroscope-compass n. = gyro-compass n. at gyro n.¹ Compounds. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > navigational aids > [noun] > compass > types of paradoxal compass1558 steering compass1669 variation compass1669 correcting compass1821 telltale1828 pelorus1854 liquid compass1865 gyroscope-compass1909 gyro-compass1910 radio compass1912 gyro1914 gyroscopic compass1920 inductor compass1922 gyro-pilot1923 induction compass1925 astrocompass1942 flux gate compass1946 1909 Westm. Gaz. 20 Apr. 9/3 The gyroscope-compass, an invention of Dr. Anschuetz-Kaempfe, of Kiel,..is based upon the familiar principle that a rapidly rotating body tends to keep in the same plane. gyroscope governor n. a steam governor in which a gyroscope acts as regulator. ΚΠ 1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Gyroscope-governor. gyroscope top n. a spinning top on the gyroscope principle, which when spinning may be supported by one end of its horizontal axis. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > toy or plaything > top > [noun] > other tops scopperilc1425 fizgig1656 gyroscope top1880 dice-top1894 1880 Encycl. Brit. XI. 352/2 Perhaps the most common form of gyroscope is that which has been largely sold under the name of the gyroscope top. 1921–2 T. Eaton & Co. Catal. Fall–Winter 328 The Gyroscope Top..spins at either end or in the middle. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < n.1856
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