gyven.

Brit.

/dʒʌɪv/, U.S.

/dʒaɪv/

Forms: Chiefly plural. Forms: plural Middle English, 1500s, 1600s gives, (Middle English gyvys), Middle English–1500s guyv(i)es, (1600s gieves), 1600s–1700s guives, Middle English– gyves. singular 1500s give, 1600s guive, 1600s– gyve.

Etymology: Middle English give, of obscure origin. The alliteration in Middle English poetry shows that the word was originally pronounced with initial (g), and from the spelling guive it would appear that this pronunciation continued until the 18th cent.; indeed, it is indicated in the pronouncing dictionaries of Sheridan (1780) and Scott (1797). The now prevailing pronunciation with /dʒ/ is due to misinterpretation of the graphic form of a word that had become obsolete in oral use. The form points to an Old French *guive (spelt give in French Chron. Lond., 14th cent.); Prof. Skeat suggests that this may represent an adoption of some derivative of the Germanic root *wîþ- (Old High German wîfan to wind round, Low German wîþ , a straw-band). But the absence of any record of the word in continental Old French constitutes a serious objection to this conjecture. Can Anglo-Norman guive be an adoption of the synonymous Middle English and Old English wiđđe , the initial w being represented by gu- , and the unfamiliar English dental spirant represented by v ? If this suggestion be correct, Layamon used both the English and the French form of the word; compare with quot. c1275 at sense a below the following (line 22833) ‘Nimeð me þene ilke mon, and doð wiððe an his sweore’.

Now archaic or poetic.

a. A shackle, esp. for the leg; a fetter.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restraint depriving of liberty > binding or fettering > [noun] > bond(s) or fetter(s) or shackle(s) > for the feet or legs

copsa700

fetterc800

gyvec1275

bolt1483

boysc1485

hose-ring?1515

hopshacklea1568

gin?1587

leg ring1606

hamper1613

shacklock1613

wife1616

pedicle1628

leg iron1779

wife1811

leg lock1815

ankle ring1823

anklet1835

hopple1888

Oregon boot1892

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 7653 Giues [c1300 Otho gyues] swiðe grete heo duden an his foten.

c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 461/145 A-non-riȝht þis holie Man þe Gyues he to-brac.

1306 Pol. Songs (Camden) 221 With feteres ant with gyves ichot he wes to-drowe, From the Tour of Londone.

1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xiv. 51 Shal neuere gyues the greue..Prisone ne peyne.

c1420 Chron. Vilod. (Horstm.) 4413 Bot þe gyuys duden þo anon alle to~barst.

1505 in W. H. Stevenson Rec. Borough Nottingham (1885) III. 100 Duo paria de guyvies de ferro.

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. clxii. f. lxxxxi The greuous correccyons that he sawe..as in werynge of Irons, and Guyues.

1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Acts xvi. 60 All the prisoners gyues and other lyke bonds were loosed.

1566 T. Drant Wailyngs Hieremiah in tr. Horace Medicinable Morall sig. Kv ^v Pressinge downe with pondrouse gyues, My feete.

1600 E. Fairfax tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne v. xlii. 83 Hands..Not to be tide in giues and twisted cords.

1631 J. Taylor Sudden Turn Fortunes Wheel (1848) 24 Helpe me..To fire and powder, Manacles and gives.

a1658 J. Cleveland Wks. (1687) 253 The benum'd Captive crampt in his cold Gives.

1704 J. Pitts True Acct. Mohammetans viii. 115 The Women of Algier..wear great Rings, almost like Guives about their Legs.

1774 J. Bryant New Syst. II. 105 We may as well suppose, that a felon would forge his own gyves.

1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake vi. 244 The debtor wakes to thought of gyve and jail.

1829 T. Hood Dream Eugene Aram in Gem 1 118 Eugene Aram walked between, With gyves upon his wrist.

1879 Ld. Tennyson Lover's Tale (new ed.) 64 Upon his steely gyves.

1900 Q. Rev. Jan. 181 You read of a youth brought up in a country where all the world wore a gyve on the right leg.

b. transferred and figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > types or manners of hindrance > [noun] > entangling or confining > that which

fetterOE

bandc1175

bonda1325

mesh1541

tangling1575

gyve1587

entanglement1644

impesterment1652

trammela1657

stranglehold1899

tanglefoot1908

chokehold1911

1587 M. Grove Pelops & Hippodamia (1878) 93 Though long I wretch doe weare the giue And carefull clog of heauinesse.

1609 W. Shakespeare Louers Complaint in Sonnets sig. L Playing patient sports in vnconstraind giues.

1614 Bp. J. Hall Recoll. Treat. 251 Not fettred with the gieues of vniust scruples.

1616 B. Jonson Forrest iv. 24 in Wks. I Such as blow away their liues, And neuer will redeeme a day, Enamor'd of their golden gyues.

a1625 J. Fletcher Wife for Moneth i. ii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Gggggg^v/1 A golden Give, a pleasing wrong.

1700 J. Dryden tr. Ovid Meleager & Atalanta in Fables 110 Telamon..happ'd to meet A rising Root, that held his fastned Feet; So down he fell; whom, sprawling on the Ground, His Brother from the Wooden Gyves unbound.

1844 B. Disraeli Coningsby I. ii. i. 171 The gyves and trammels of office.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

gyvev.

Brit.

/dʒʌɪv/, U.S.

/dʒaɪv/

Forms: Also 1500s give. past participle Middle English i-gwived, Middle English i-gyved, y-gyvid. (Jive is an erron. spelling of the verb and the noun given in modern editions of some works.)

Etymology: < gyve n.

a. transitive. To fasten with, or as with, gyves; to fetter, shackle.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restraint depriving of liberty > binding or fettering > bind, fetter, or shackle [verb (transitive)] > by the feet or legs

gyvec1290

fetterc1300

hopshackle?a1513

to lay (also set, clap, etc.) (a person) by the heels?1515

to lay fast by the feet1560

garter1604

enfetter1611

heela1638

c1290 Beket 11 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 106 He was sone i-nome, Ase A sclaue forth i-lad and i-don In prisone, And faste was i-gwiued.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1876) VI. 203 Egwynus byþouȝte hym of þe synnes of his ȝouþe, and gyvede hym self..and wente so i-gyved to Rome.

1482 Monk of Evesham 83 They were gyuyd in fyry feturs and hangyd vp in the myddys of fyre.

1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Mark vi. f. 29 Johns head was priuily striken of after he hadde layne a whyle fast gyued in pryson.

1613 T. Heywood Siluer Age i. sig. B^v Gyue his legges in Irons, Till we determine further of his death.

1635 T. Heywood Hierarchie Blessed Angells iv. 268 He the old Dragon gyv'd and bound.

1834 T. Carlyle Sartor Resartus ii. iv. 47/1 There was no good Running, so obstructed was the path, so gyved were the feet.

1835 A. W. Fonblanque Eng. under Seven Admin. (1837) III. 199 To fetter their hands, and gyve their legs.

b. figurative or with reference to immaterial things.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > types or manners of hindrance > hinder in specific manner [verb (transitive)] > by entangling or binding

shrenchc897

beswapec980

taglea1340

tanglea1340

gyve1377

encumber138.

engleimc1400

wrapc1412

involvec1440

fetter1526

mesh1532

crawl1548

felter1567

to tie up1570

in trick1572

ensnarl1593

entrammel1598

engage1603

casta1605

imbrier1605

weave1620

immaze1631

trammel1727

enchain1751

entangle1790

enmesh1822

in mesh1875

1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xx. 191 He..gyued me in goutes, I may nouȝte go at large.

14.. Circumcision in Tundale's Vis. (1843) 90 My wittis be so dull with rudenes, And in the cheynes of ignoraunce gyved.

1592 J. Lyly Midas ii. ii. 18 Eristus, whose eyes are sticht on Cælia's face, And thoughts gyved to her beautie.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1623) ii. i. 173 I will giue thee in thine owne Courtship.

1631 T. Heywood Fair Maid of West: 2nd Pt. iii. sig. G Hee's gyv'd to me by faith, but else at liberty.

1807 J. Barlow Columbiad v. 173 Dependent feelings for a distant throne Gyve the crampt soul that fears to think alone.

a1871 T. Carlyle Reminisc. (1881) II. 147 Hampered and gyved as we were by the genius loci and its difficulties.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	gyve
释义	gyven. Brit. /dʒʌɪv/, U.S. /dʒaɪv/ Forms: Chiefly plural. Forms: plural Middle English, 1500s, 1600s gives, (Middle English gyvys), Middle English–1500s guyv(i)es, (1600s gieves), 1600s–1700s guives, Middle English– gyves. singular 1500s give, 1600s guive, 1600s– gyve. Etymology: Middle English give, of obscure origin. The alliteration in Middle English poetry shows that the word was originally pronounced with initial (g), and from the spelling guive it would appear that this pronunciation continued until the 18th cent.; indeed, it is indicated in the pronouncing dictionaries of Sheridan (1780) and Scott (1797). The now prevailing pronunciation with /dʒ/ is due to misinterpretation of the graphic form of a word that had become obsolete in oral use. The form points to an Old French guive (spelt give* in French Chron. Lond., 14th cent.); Prof. Skeat suggests that this may represent an adoption of some derivative of the Germanic root wîþ- (Old High German wîfan* to wind round, Low German wîþ , a straw-band). But the absence of any record of the word in continental Old French constitutes a serious objection to this conjecture. Can Anglo-Norman guive be an adoption of the synonymous Middle English and Old English wiđđe , the initial w being represented by gu- , and the unfamiliar English dental spirant represented by v ? If this suggestion be correct, Layamon used both the English and the French form of the word; compare with quot. c1275 at sense a below the following (line 22833) ‘Nimeð me þene ilke mon, and doð wiððe an his sweore’. Now archaic or poetic. a. A shackle, esp. for the leg; a fetter. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restraint depriving of liberty > binding or fettering > [noun] > bond(s) or fetter(s) or shackle(s) > for the feet or legs copsa700 fetterc800 gyvec1275 bolt1483 boysc1485 hose-ring?1515 hopshacklea1568 gin?1587 leg ring1606 hamper1613 shacklock1613 wife1616 pedicle1628 leg iron1779 wife1811 leg lock1815 ankle ring1823 anklet1835 hopple1888 Oregon boot1892 c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 7653 Giues [c1300 Otho gyues] swiðe grete heo duden an his foten. c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 461/145 A-non-riȝht þis holie Man þe Gyues he to-brac. 1306 Pol. Songs (Camden) 221 With feteres ant with gyves ichot he wes to-drowe, From the Tour of Londone. 1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xiv. 51 Shal neuere gyues the greue..Prisone ne peyne. c1420 Chron. Vilod. (Horstm.) 4413 Bot þe gyuys duden þo anon alle to~barst. 1505 in W. H. Stevenson Rec. Borough Nottingham (1885) III. 100 Duo paria de guyvies de ferro. a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. clxii. f. lxxxxi The greuous correccyons that he sawe..as in werynge of Irons, and Guyues. 1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Acts xvi. 60 All the prisoners gyues and other lyke bonds were loosed. 1566 T. Drant Wailyngs Hieremiah in tr. Horace Medicinable Morall sig. Kv ^v Pressinge downe with pondrouse gyues, My feete. 1600 E. Fairfax tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne v. xlii. 83 Hands..Not to be tide in giues and twisted cords. 1631 J. Taylor Sudden Turn Fortunes Wheel (1848) 24 Helpe me..To fire and powder, Manacles and gives. a1658 J. Cleveland Wks. (1687) 253 The benum'd Captive crampt in his cold Gives. 1704 J. Pitts True Acct. Mohammetans viii. 115 The Women of Algier..wear great Rings, almost like Guives about their Legs. 1774 J. Bryant New Syst. II. 105 We may as well suppose, that a felon would forge his own gyves. 1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake vi. 244 The debtor wakes to thought of gyve and jail. 1829 T. Hood Dream Eugene Aram in Gem 1 118 Eugene Aram walked between, With gyves upon his wrist. 1879 Ld. Tennyson Lover's Tale (new ed.) 64 Upon his steely gyves. 1900 Q. Rev. Jan. 181 You read of a youth brought up in a country where all the world wore a gyve on the right leg. b. transferred and figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > types or manners of hindrance > [noun] > entangling or confining > that which fetterOE bandc1175 bonda1325 mesh1541 tangling1575 gyve1587 entanglement1644 impesterment1652 trammela1657 stranglehold1899 tanglefoot1908 chokehold1911 1587 M. Grove Pelops & Hippodamia (1878) 93 Though long I wretch doe weare the giue And carefull clog of heauinesse. 1609 W. Shakespeare Louers Complaint in Sonnets sig. L Playing patient sports in vnconstraind giues. 1614 Bp. J. Hall Recoll. Treat. 251 Not fettred with the gieues of vniust scruples. 1616 B. Jonson Forrest iv. 24 in Wks. I Such as blow away their liues, And neuer will redeeme a day, Enamor'd of their golden gyues. a1625 J. Fletcher Wife for Moneth i. ii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Gggggg^v/1 A golden Give, a pleasing wrong. 1700 J. Dryden tr. Ovid Meleager & Atalanta in Fables 110 Telamon..happ'd to meet A rising Root, that held his fastned Feet; So down he fell; whom, sprawling on the Ground, His Brother from the Wooden Gyves unbound. 1844 B. Disraeli Coningsby I. ii. i. 171 The gyves and trammels of office. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022). gyvev. Brit. /dʒʌɪv/, U.S. /dʒaɪv/ Forms: Also 1500s give. past participle Middle English i-gwived, Middle English i-gyved, y-gyvid. (Jive is an erron. spelling of the verb and the noun given in modern editions of some works.) Etymology: < gyve n. a. transitive. To fasten with, or as with, gyves; to fetter, shackle. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restraint depriving of liberty > binding or fettering > bind, fetter, or shackle [verb (transitive)] > by the feet or legs gyvec1290 fetterc1300 hopshackle?a1513 to lay (also set, clap, etc.) (a person) by the heels?1515 to lay fast by the feet1560 garter1604 enfetter1611 heela1638 c1290 Beket 11 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 106 He was sone i-nome, Ase A sclaue forth i-lad and i-don In prisone, And faste was i-gwiued. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1876) VI. 203 Egwynus byþouȝte hym of þe synnes of his ȝouþe, and gyvede hym self..and wente so i-gyved to Rome. 1482 Monk of Evesham 83 They were gyuyd in fyry feturs and hangyd vp in the myddys of fyre. 1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Mark vi. f. 29 Johns head was priuily striken of after he hadde layne a whyle fast gyued in pryson. 1613 T. Heywood Siluer Age i. sig. B^v Gyue his legges in Irons, Till we determine further of his death. 1635 T. Heywood Hierarchie Blessed Angells iv. 268 He the old Dragon gyv'd and bound. 1834 T. Carlyle Sartor Resartus ii. iv. 47/1 There was no good Running, so obstructed was the path, so gyved were the feet. 1835 A. W. Fonblanque Eng. under Seven Admin. (1837) III. 199 To fetter their hands, and gyve their legs. b. figurative or with reference to immaterial things. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > types or manners of hindrance > hinder in specific manner [verb (transitive)] > by entangling or binding shrenchc897 beswapec980 taglea1340 tanglea1340 gyve1377 encumber138. engleimc1400 wrapc1412 involvec1440 fetter1526 mesh1532 crawl1548 felter1567 to tie up1570 in trick1572 ensnarl1593 entrammel1598 engage1603 casta1605 imbrier1605 weave1620 immaze1631 trammel1727 enchain1751 entangle1790 enmesh1822 in mesh1875 1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xx. 191 He..gyued me in goutes, I may nouȝte go at large. 14.. Circumcision in Tundale's Vis. (1843) 90 My wittis be so dull with rudenes, And in the cheynes of ignoraunce gyved. 1592 J. Lyly Midas ii. ii. 18 Eristus, whose eyes are sticht on Cælia's face, And thoughts gyved to her beautie. a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1623) ii. i. 173 I will giue thee in thine owne Courtship. 1631 T. Heywood Fair Maid of West: 2nd Pt. iii. sig. G Hee's gyv'd to me by faith, but else at liberty. 1807 J. Barlow Columbiad v. 173 Dependent feelings for a distant throne Gyve the crampt soul that fears to think alone. a1871 T. Carlyle Reminisc. (1881) II. 147 Hampered and gyved as we were by the genius loci and its difficulties. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1275v.c1290
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