hackingn.¹

Brit.

/ˈhakɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈhækɪŋ/

Forms: see hack v.¹ and -ing suffix¹; also Middle English hachyng (perhaps transmission error), Middle English hacckinge.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: hack v.¹, -ing suffix¹.

Etymology: < hack v.¹ + -ing suffix¹.Earlier currency, apparently in an otherwise unattested sense denoting a forest clearing or assart, may be implied by the minor place names le Hackyng , West Riding, Yorkshire (1336), le Hackyng , Warwickshire (1369–70). In sense 1e after German Hackung (mid 19th cent.); compare similarly French hachement (19th cent.). With sense 2 compare Old English gehæcca sausage meat (apparently < y- prefix + a form of the stem of hack v.¹; compare ofhæccan to hack off: see hack v.¹) and (also formed on the stem of hack v.¹) the second element of the compounds mearh-gehæc (compare y- prefix) and mearh-hæccel (compare -le suffix), both in sense ‘sausage meat’ (see discussion at marrow n.¹).

a. The action of chopping or hewing, esp. with rough or heavy blows; (also) the action of breaking up or mutilating something in this way. Also hacking off, out. Cf. hack v.¹ 1a.Recorded earliest in hacking hammer n. at Compounds.In quot. a1475 apparently: (in Falconry) the action of chopping meat; meat which has been chopped up (cf. sense 2).

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > cutting > [noun]

bita1000

kerfc1000

slittingc1175

carving?c1225

chop1362

cuttinga1398

hacking1398

scissure?a1425

garsingc1440

racing?a1450

incision1474

secting1507

raze1530

chopping1548

scotching1551

hackling1564

slashing1596

carbonadoing1599

kinsing1599

insection1653

secation1656

scission1676

gash1694

inciding1694

haggling1761

cut1808

shear1809

carve1888

1398 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1836) I. 250 (MED) j celedyngclayth, j hakkynghamer, ij files.

Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 222 Hakkynge, or hewynge, sectio.

a1475 Bk. Hawking in Studia Neophilol. (1944) 16 11 (MED) Vse hym euer to hackynge..and till he flyethe fro tre to tre, he woll come to hackynge; then he woll not come, but thu moste hacke and leue his mete opon a borde in his neste.

1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 588 The hacking and cutting of the Hermes, and images of Mercurye, which in one night were all to be mangled.

1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy i. ii. iii. ii. 127 Why doth scraping of trenchers offend a third, or hacking of files.

1693 T. Urquhart & P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais 3rd Bk. Wks. xxiii. 192 The hacking and slashing of Battle-Axes.

a1722 E. Lisle Observ. Husb. (1757) 30 Hacking is breaking the clots abroad after 'tis sown.

1731 S. Switzer Diss. True Cythisus of Ancients 26 No hacking, chopping, cutting, or any other ill Usage could entirely kill it.

1787 European Mag. & London Rev. Sept. 200/1 The hacking and hewing of a butcher's cleaver.

1808 C. Vancouver Gen. View Agric. Devon v. 126 The holeing, digging, gripping, ditching, hacking, and hand-beating.

1876 W. Papworth Gwilt's Encycl. Archit. (rev. ed.) Gloss. 1255 Taking down old plastering from a wall or ceiling, is called ‘hacking off’.

1881 F. Young Every Man his own Mechanic §1693 The removal of old glass and putty from a sash-frame is termed ‘hacking out’ in the trade.

1922 Anthropol. Papers Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 21 266 This was followed by the hacking off of fingers, in which both sexes indulged.

1934 W. Lewis Men without Art i. ii. 42 A Calvinist moralist, delecting himself with..scenes of chopping, gashing, hacking, and slitting.

1979 A. Wendt Leaves of Banyan Tree ix. 76 He had challenged them with day-long displays of hacking and chopping..until he could hardly swing an axe.

2015 Econ. Times (New Delhi) (Electronic ed.) 21 June The..protest has been over the hacking of trees to build a metro loco shed.

†b. Music. The breaking up of a note, or of a syllable sung to a note. Cf. hack v.¹ 1c. Perhaps cf. hocket n. 3. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

a1450 (c1410) Dives & Pauper (Douce 295) i. lix. f. 50^v It were better to sey godes office in holy cherche with outyn note þan with note & hackyng of the silabes & wordes in oure preiour.

c. The mangling or mixing up of words or meaning when speaking. Cf. hack v.¹ 1d.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > defective or inarticulate speech > [noun]

oblocution?a1475

hacking1539

misspeaking1650

babble1667

dysphonia1706

inarticulateness1731

inarticulation1765

garble1795

thickness1849

dyslalia1854

dyslaly1856

misarticulation1866

dysarthria1877

dysarthrosis1877

cluttering1878

anarthria1879

inarticulacy1921

dysphasia-

the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > misinterpretation > distortion or perversion of meaning > [noun]

wrestingc1444

pervertinga1450

corruptiona1513

straining1528

writhing?1532

hacking1539

violence1546

racking1556

wrying1562

wringing1565

detorting1579

wrest1581

detortion1598

wrench1603

torture1605

distorting1610

violencing1612

refraction1614

misacception1629

distortion1650

distorture1709

misacceptation1721

torturing1753

verbicide1826

stretch1849

twisting1890

queeringness1955

1539 J. Kyngysmyll Let. 15 Apr. in State Papers Henry VIII (P.R.O.: SP1/150) f. 138^v To the declaracion of the said tow defaultes Mr. Wriothesley said thone was in the hvmmynge hacking & derke settinge furthe of godes word.

1573 J. Bridges Supremacie Christian Princes 227 Your hacking and wresting of this sentence.

1642 S. Ashe Support for Sinking Heart 25 They may be legible, easie to be read without hacking and hesitancy.

1676 A. Marvell Mr. Smirke sig. B3^v Having avowed that he had scann'd the Book thorow, this hacking and vain repetition being just like it.

1735 M. Horbery Animadversions upon Late Pamphlet 95 The third, after much hacking and mauling, does not speak plainly up to his purpose.

1840 Dublin Rev. Feb. 184 The transpositions and curtailment of sentences; the hacking and mangling of paragraphs.

1946 Berkshire Evening Eagle (Pittsfield, Mass.) 2 Aug. 14/5 Its efforts include an empty hacking of words on the subject of the veto.

1999 Policy Rev. Oct. Booth engages in a conceit: that to play badly, in the act of ‘amateuring’, is particularly virtuous. He, with his hacking and his tears of joy..is purer than thou.

d. Sport (chiefly Association Football and Rugby). The action of intentionally kicking an opponent on the shin in order to disable him or her. Cf. hack v.¹ 6.

ΚΠ

1851 Rugbæan 15 Oct. 111/1 The maul resounds with hacking.

1866 Daily Tel. 7 Nov. The practice of ‘hacking’..consists in each side kicking their opponents' shins in so fearful and violent a manner as to disable the players.

1887 M. Shearman Athletics & Football (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) xiii. 297 The Union Code very properly abolished hacking, tripping, and scragging.

1963 Times 24 Jan. 3/1 It had been agreed [when the laws of Rugby Union were drawn up] that hacking-over and tripping-up should not be permitted.

1995 FourFourTwo Oct. 74/3 The most contentious rule was that of hacking: kicking an opponent's legs in order to win the ball.

2013 Nottingham Post (Nexis) 5 Aug. (Features section) 20 Under the early rules of football, hacking of shins, tripping and elbowing were allowed and the goalkeeper could be charged out of the way.

e. In massage: the action or technique of massaging by striking with the edge of the hand. Cf. hack v.¹ 1e.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > physiotherapy > [noun] > massage > movements

knead1853

effleurage1886

pétrissage1886

malaxation1887

percussioning1887

pointillage1887

pression1887

sciage1887

secousse1887

tapotement1889

hacking1890

1890 A. Kellgren Ling's Syst. Man. Treatm. 25 Tapotement means hacking or beating.

1901 Amer. Jrnl. Nursing 2 28 With the fingers slightly curved and held loosely, perform hacking over the area.

1996 S. Lavery et al. Hamlyn Encycl. Complementary Health 58/2 There are different percussion techniques, of which hacking and pummelling are the most common.

2002 P. Thomas What works, what Doesn't xi. 185 A variety of techniques such as cupping, hacking and pummelling (as in Swedish massage).

2. Usually in form hackin. English regional (chiefly northern). A kind of large sausage chiefly made from chopped offal or from mincemeat and fruit, and sometimes from both combined, traditionally eaten on Christmas Day. Also occasionally as a mass noun. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > sausage > [noun] > types of sausage

franchemyle1381

herbelade?c1390

haggisc1400

black puddinga1450

blood puddingc1450

bloodinga1500

liveringa1500

haggis pudding1545

white pudding1578

swine's pudding1579

hog's pudding1583

Bolognian sausage1596

bloodling1598

andouille1605

andouillet1611

cervelat1613

mortadella1613

polony1654

blacking1674

hacking1674

whiting1674

Oxford sausagec1700

saucisson1772

German sausage1773

saveloy1784

blood sausage1799

white hawse1819

liver sausage1820

black pot1825

chipolata1830

Bologna sausage1833

butifarra1836

mettwurst1836

Cambridge sausage1840

boudin1845

chorizo1846

German1847

liverwurst1852

salami1852

station-Jack1853

leberwurst1855

wurst1855

blutwurst1856

bag of mystery1864

Vienna sausage1865

summer sausage1874

wienerwurst1875

mealy pudding1880

whitepot1880

wiener1880

erbswurst1885

pepperoni1888

mystery bag1889

red-hot1890

weenie1891

hot dog1892

frankfurter1894

sav?1894

Coney Island1895

coney1902

garlic sausage1905

boloney1907

kishke1907

drisheen1910

bratwurst1911

banger1919

cocktail sausage1927

boerewors1930

soy sausage1933

thuringer1933

frank1936

fish sausage1937

knackwurst1939

foot-long1941

starver1941

soya sausage1943

soysage1943

soya link1944

brat1949

Vienna1952

kielbasa1953

Coney dog1954

tube steak1963

Weisswurst1963

Cumberland sausage1966

merguez1966

tripe sausage1966

schinkenwurst1967

boerie1981

'nduja1996

1674 N. Fairfax Treat. Bulk & Selvedge 159 Thus shall we sort out eternity into as many kinds and lengths, as the Darbyshire huswife does her pudding when she makes whitings and blackings, and liverings and hackings.

1691 J. Ray Glossarium Northanhymbricum in Coll. Eng. Words (ed. 2) 142 A Hackin,..farcimen.

?1730 Round about Coal-fire 2 The Hackin must be boil'd by Day-break, or else two young Men must take the Maiden by the Arms, and run her round the Market-place.

1732 Let. in R. Bradley Country Housewife & Lady's Director II. 122 It is a Custom with us every Christmas-Day in the Morning to have, what we call an Hackin.

1847 G. Soane New Curios. Lit. II. 331 The Hackin is a great sausage which ‘must be boiled by daybreak’.

1878 W. Dickinson Gloss. Words & Phrases Cumberland (ed. 2) Hackin..a pudding of mincemeat and fruit—used till lately for the family breakfast on Christmas day.

1945 Statesville (N. Carolina) Daily Record 24 Dec. 14/3 If the cook failed to have the Hackin ready for eating by day's dawn she was..dipped in the village duck pond.

1973 T. P. Coffin Illustr. Christmas Folklore ii. 27 Plum pudding or ‘hackin’, made of hacked fruits and vegetables drenched with liquor and decked with holly still carries this sort of symbolism to the modern table.

†3. Building. The interruption of a thicker course of stones in a wall with one or more thinner courses owing to a lack of large enough stones. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1841 S. C. Brees Gloss. Civil Engin. 120 An objectionable plan, practised by workmen, when one of the courses of a wall cannot be carried up of equal depth throughout its length for the want of stones sufficiently large for same. The hacking consists in dividing the remaining in two courses.

1842 J. Gwilt Encycl. Archit. Gloss. 983 Hacking, in walling, denotes the interruption of a course of stones, by the introduction of another on a different level, for want of stones to complete the thickness.

a. The action or practice of computer programming and software development, esp. for purely personal enjoyment. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > computing and information technology > [noun] > ability to use > use for pleasure

hacking1975

1975 New Scientist 26 June 709/1 ‘Hacking’ has come to denote a form of activity indulged in by the worldwide band of computer fanatics. It is simply the activity of designing and implementing software systems in which one is personally interested.

1984 PC 15 May 62/1 Hacking is a very compelling activity.

2015 A. Boduch Lo-Dash Essentials ii. 53 This might not sound like a big deal, but it can make for some fun, elaborate hacking.

b. The practice of gaining unauthorized access to a computer, network, etc., esp. remotely; (also) an instance of this. Cf. hack v.¹ 15d.hacker n. 3a is much earlier.

ΘΚΠ

society > computing and information technology > [noun] > act of accessing > without authorization

hacking1983

hack1984

1983 Computerworld 18 Apr. 32/1 ‘Hacking’..is a problem that is sure to continue to plague the computer industry.

1994 D. Lyon Electronic Eye vii. 129 So called ‘computer terrorism’ in the form of hacking, virus-placing and high-tech secrets espionage is another fear that encourages candidate vetting.

2005 Wall St. Jrnl. 10 Aug. (Central ed.) a4/6 Mr. Mueller said he understood those concerns and promised the FBI would be more sensitive in responding to computer hackings.

2012 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 27 Sept. 44/1 [‘White hats’ or ‘ethical hackers’] use the tools of hacking to penetrate computer systems, find holes in their security, and, ideally, patch them.

Compounds

hacking-block n. a chopping block.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > work-benches, seats, etc. > [noun] > block > for chopping on

hagstock1402

hackstock1411

hacking stock1542

chopping-board1675

chopping-block1680

hacking-block1688

hack-log1822

hag-block1822

hag clog1822

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. v. 269/2 A Chopping or Hacking Block.

1704 tr. Acct. Most Dangerous Voy. in A. Churchill & J. Churchill Coll. Voy. I. 569/2 The Tail of this Creature [sc. a whale] serves for a hacking Block.

1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm II. 241 One man stands at the end of a large hacking block of wood, provided with a long-faced hatchet.

1955 R. Graves Homer's Daughter xi. The meat had been reduced to small square pieces on the hacking block.

2010 J. Sharp Tears from Sun 20 I come to a butcher hacking meat on an old, deep-grooved chopping table. His round hacking-block is on the pavement.

hacking hammer n. rare = hack hammer n. at hack- comb. form .

ΚΠ

1398Hakkynghamer [see sense 1a].

1868 Manch. Guardian 25 Aug. 3/2 For sale, one new Grindstone,..complete, in iron trough, self-lubricating pedestals, splashboard, and hacking hammer.

1966 W. G. Nash Brickwork xiv. 205 Remove any..scum on the top of the concrete and hack the surface well with a hacking hammer or mechanical hammer.

hacking knife n. a stout knife, esp. one used for chopping or to remove hard putty from a window frame.

ΚΠ

1546 G. Joye Refut. Byshop Winchesters Derke Declar. sig. U.viii Yt here openli chop your hackinge knyfe into your own sower herbes.

1763 Monthly Rev. Dec. 545 The string thereof cut, possibly by the sharp edge of a hacking-knife.

1842 J. Gwilt Encycl. Archit. ii. iii. 586 The hacking knife is for cleaning out the old putty from the rebates where squares are to be stopped in.

1958 B. Behan Borstal Boy iii. 230 I sometimes saw a fellow..carrying brushes and paint and sometimes glazing tools; hacking knife, glazing knife, toffee hammer, [etc.].

2005 P. Barua State at War in S. Asia v. xii. 231 Their equipment was quite primitive and included bows and arrows..and dahs, or large hacking knives.

† hacking stock n. Obsolete a chopping block, a hackstock.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > work-benches, seats, etc. > [noun] > block > for chopping on

hagstock1402

hackstock1411

hacking stock1542

chopping-board1675

chopping-block1680

hacking-block1688

hack-log1822

hag-block1822

hag clog1822

1542 in C. Innes Fasti Aberdonenses (1854) 573 Tway flesche hacken stokis.

1592 (?a1425) Chester Plays (BL Add.) (1843) I. 47 Here is a good hacckinge stoccke [1591 Huntington hackestocke], One this you maye hewe and knocke.

1649 Edinb. Test. LXIV. f. 141^v, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue (at cited word) Twa hacking knyves and ane hacking stock.

hacking tool n. (a) an axe, pick, or other implement used for chopping or cutting (also hacking-out tool); (b) Computing a piece of software used to gain (esp. unauthorized) access to a computer system.

ΚΠ

1778 J. Cook Jrnl. 26 Apr. (1967) III. i. 324 Chahe'uk, A Hatchet or hacking tool.

1823 P. Nicholson New Pract. Builder 422 A Hacking-out Tool is an old broken knife, ground sharp on its edge.

1973 Daily Rev. (Hayward, Calif.) 29 Mar. 29/1 Armed only with a permit and some kind of hacking tool, you can haul away wood.

1996 Computerworld 10 June 66/3 Hackers are far more effective now than even a year ago because of the availability of automated hacking tools.

2012 J. Wiles et al. Low Tech Hacking vii. 188 Low tech hacking tools can be deployed by individuals involved in espionage and terrorism.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

hackingn.²

Brit.

/ˈhakɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈhækɪŋ/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: hack v.³, -ing suffix¹.

Etymology: < hack v.³ + -ing suffix¹.

1. The action of riding a horse on a road, path, etc.; the action of riding a horse, typically in the countryside, for exercise or pleasure. Cf. hack v.³ 2.

ΚΠ

1850 S. C. Waite Equestrian's Man. vi. 168 Some people imagine that a chin-strap is not an indispensable thing to a bridle either in hunting, or hacking.

1861 ‘Stonehenge’ Man. Brit. Rural Sports (ed. 5) 677/2 The horse is rendered thereby of no use for anything but light hacking or harness work.

1905 Illustr. Sporting & Dramatic News 13 May 394/3 They will be in good, hard condition, and ready for summer work in the coach or for hacking in the Row.

1990 Trav. & Life Dec. 42/2 As well as teaching hacking (slow horseback-riding)..Gleneagles provides guests with clay-shooting lessons.

2006 S. McBane 100 Ways to Improve Horse's Schooling 137 Hacking can be one of the most enjoyable equestrian activities you can take part in.

2. U.S.

†a. The action of riding in a hack or hired cab. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1879 Philadelphia Times 8 May (Cent. Dict.) Are we more content to depend on street cars and walking, with the accustomed alternative of hacking at six times the money?

b. The occupation or activity of driving a hack or hired cab. Cf. hack v.³ 4.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > transport by vehicles plying for hire > [noun] > driving or hiring of cabs

cabbing1846

taxiing1923

hacking1928

1928 E. Ferber in Cosmopolitan Jan. 29/2 Yeh, hackin', there's nothing in it. Too many cabs, see?

1953 Life 8 June 3/2 Maybe you hail your cab in New York, where hacking is big business.

2015 L. Mosler Driving Hungry (2016) xviii. 142 In the 1960s and '70s, when violent crimes against New York cabbies reached record highs, all but a few women stopped hacking.

Compounds

hacking coat n. = hacking jacket n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > coat > types of > for specific purpose > riding

riding coat1501

gambalocke1609

hacking coat1927

1927 Vogue May 116/2 The hacking coat may be made with either one or two vents at the back.

1954 New Yorker 13 Nov. 168/2 A hacking coat with side vents and slanted flap pockets, is from $125 to $135.

2000 Daily News (N.Y.) (Nexis) 17 Apr. 21 Last day to find the likes of suede jodhpurs, hacking coats, hunting-motif silk scarves and other English country weekend garments.

hacking jacket n. a sports jacket suitable for use when riding (typically in countryside) on a horse, often tailored in tweed with vents at the side or back.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > jacket > (suitable) for specific purpose

cork-jacket1762

tea-jacket1887

stroller1901

sports jacket1912

bed-jacket1914

smoking1922

hacking jacket1935

safari jacket1938

lumber jacket1939

judogi1944

loafer1959

1935 Manch. Guardian 15 Apr. 7 Riding kit that's surprisingly inexpensive... Man-tailored Hacking-Jackets.

1959 H. Hobson Mission House Murder ii. 11 My Harris tweed hacking-jacket.

2004 Daily Tel. 26 Aug. 18/4 Gaultier's debut at Hermès, with its..ladylike hacking jackets and riding capes, unleashed a cavalcade of equestrian chic.

hacking length n. and adj. now rare (of) a length suitable for use when riding on horseback.

ΚΠ

1921 Baily's Mag. June 250/2 It does mean the stirrups being shortened at least four or five holes from one's ordinary hacking length.

1966 Guardian 27 July 6/4 Jackets are hacking length.

1975 Syracuse (N.Y.) Herald-Jrnl. 9 June 15/2 Some of Bill's other jackets are the classic hacking length.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

hackingadj.

Brit.

/ˈhakɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈhækɪŋ/

Forms: see hack v.¹ and -ing suffix²; also Middle English hackande, Middle English hakand.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: hack v.¹, -ing suffix².

Etymology: < hack v.¹ + -ing suffix².

†1. Troublesome, annoying. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > state of annoyance or vexation > [adjective] > annoying or vexatious

angeeOE

swinkfuleOE

plightlyOE

teenfulOE

contrariousc1320

drefa1325

troublinga1325

despitousa1340

thornya1340

discomfortablec1350

troublablec1374

noyousa1382

noyfulc1384

diseasy1387

angrya1393

painful1395

hackinga1400

annoying?c1400

annoyousc1400

cumbrousc1400

teenc1400

annoyfulc1405

sputousc1420

diseasefula1425

molest?a1425

noying?a1425

noisomea1450

grievingc1450

tedious?1454

troublous1463

noisantc1475

displeasant1481

strouble1488

nuisant1494

noyanta1500

irksome1513

sturting1513

molestious1524

vexatious1534

cumbersome1535

uncommodious1541

spiteful1548

vexing?1548

incommodious1551

molestous1555

diseasing1558

grating1563

pestilent1565

sturtsome1570

molestuousa1572

troublesome1573

murrain1575

discommodable1579

galling1583

spiny1586

unsupportable1586

troubleful1588

plaguey1594

distressingc1595

molestful1596

molesting1598

vexful1598

fretful1603

briery1604

bemadding1608

mortifying1611

tiry1611

distressfula1616

irking1629

angersome1649

disobliging1652

discomforting1654

incomfortable1655

incommode1672

ruffling1680

unconvenient1683

pestifying1716

trying1718

offending1726

bothering1765

pesky1775

weary1785

sturty1788

unaccommodating1790

tiresome1798

werriting1808

bothersome1817

plaguesome1828

pestilential1833

fretsome1834

languorous1834

pesty1834

pestersome1843

nettlesome1845

miserable1850

niggling1854

distempering1855

be-maddeninga1861

nattery1873

nagging1883

pestiferous1890

trouble-giving1893

maddening1896

molestive1905

nuisancy1906

balls-aching?1912

nuisance1922

nattering1949

noodgy1969

dickheaded1991

dickish1991

cockish1996

a1400 Psalter (Vesp.) xxxiv. 15 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 165 Whils þai to me ware Hackande [L. molesti essent].

a1400 Psalter (Vesp.) liv. 3 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 185 In wrath to me hakand war þai [L. molesti erant].

†2. Of a person, speech, etc.: characterized by stuttering, a lack of eloquence or verbal precision, etc. Cf. hack v.¹ 9, 1d. Obsolete.Quot. 1583 is of uncertain meaning.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > defective or inarticulate speech > [adjective] > stammering or stammered

wlaffinga1300

stammering1398

stuttinga1425

drotingc1440

stoting1567

maffling1577

hacking1583

stuttering1590

hackeda1603

doubling1605

hesitating1622

balbutient1642

hesitant1647

hesitatorya1734

hesitative1795

stammereda1858

stuttery1937

1583 B. Melbancke Philotimus (new ed.) sig. Qiii One Cornelius a stale hacking Courtier, who had long fed his fancie on Aureliaes well thewed shape, but hitherto had bare commons,..gubd Aurelia with golde to make his fare better, and backt Philotimus with rebukes.

1607 J. Marston What you Will Induct. sig. A3 In good faith if they put thee out of countenance; put thou them out of patience; & hew their eares with hacking imperfect vtterance.

a1652 A. Wilson Hist. Great Brit. (1653) 133 The King..would often make himself merry with his imperfect scrouls in writing, and hacking expressions in reading, so that he would..say in a facetious way, Had ever man such a Secretary, that can neither Write nor Read?

3. That hacks, wounds, or slashes. Also figurative and in figurative contexts: critical, severe, hurtful.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > cutting > [adjective]

carving?c1225

flyschand?a1400

gashing1566

scorching1570

slicing1578

incisive1598

rescindent1598

hacking1602

dismangling1659

inciding1739

slashing1827

society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > sharp weapon > [adjective] > cutting or piercing

piercinga1400

stabbing1600

hacking1602

flesh-transpiercing1609

ganching1614

griding1667

slashing1950

the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > [adjective] > wounded > cut > cutting

hacking1602

ganching1614

1602 A. Copley Another Let. to Dis-iesuited Kinseman 68 These are the vennies this hacking father giues me, which he thinkes are deepe wounds.

1612 W. Martyn Youths Instr. 39 These hacking fencers, impudent stage players, beastly drunkards.

1808 W. Scott Let. 30 Dec. (1932) II. 142 Lay hold of..any other new book you like, and give us a good hacking review of it.

1864 E. B. Pusey Daniel i. 9 That hacking school of criticism, which hewed out the books of Holy Scripture into as many fragments as it willed.

1920 W. B. Parker Let. 1 May in Casual Lett. S. Amer. (1921) 386 There was a scuffle, a cry, a hacking blow, a fall and silence.

1997 S. Henderson In Elizabeth 29 His smile came and went, rising up to laughter, false laughter to deflect my mother's lip-twisting, hacking words.

2014 L. Courtney From Ashes xxxi. 218 The next attacker lunged out of nowhere, attacking with a hacking strike.

4. Designating or characteristic of a repetitive cough, esp. one which is short and dry. Cf. earlier hecking adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > respiratory spasms > [noun] > coughing > type of cough

fox's cough1611

churchyard cough1693

hacking1770

barking1813

graveyard cough1873

hoicking1926

smoker's cough1927

1770 Gen. Evening Post 20 Dec. (advt.) Violently afflicted with a hacking cough.

1835 G. Stephen Adventures in Search of Horse vi. 90 The hacking tone of chronic asthma.

1867 Amer. Jrnl. Homoeopathic Materia Medica Oct. 16 This patient experienced a dry hacking spell of coughing.

1880 M. E. Braddon Just as I Am xxvii I have had a hacking cough ever since last September.

1904 Jrnl. Infectious Dis. 1 77 During the second week of the illness there was a hacking cough.

1981 Texas Monthly Dec. 214/3 His body racked with hacking spasms as he succumbs to cancer.

2003 K. Hosseini Kite Runner (2004) xii. 134 It started with a hacking cough and the sniffles.

Derivatives

ˈhackingly adv. in a hacking manner.

ΚΠ

1611 J. Florio Queen Anna's New World of Words Alla recisa, cuttingly, hackingly.

1879 T. F. Allen Encycl. Pure Materia Medica II. 494 He is compelled to hawk, and cough hackingly and dry.

1904 R. Kipling Traffics & Discov. 240 He coughed again hard and hackingly.

1995 Independent (Nexis) 23 Feb. 27 He coughs, hackingly, then sits down in a saggy armchair and rolls a cigarette.

2008 T. Glyde Cleaning Up (2009) 100 When I cough..the sound is so hackingly medieval that people look at me in shops.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

n.¹1398

n.²1850

adj.a1400

单词	hacking
释义	hackingn.¹ Brit. /ˈhakɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈhækɪŋ/ Forms: see hack v.¹ and -ing suffix¹; also Middle English hachyng (perhaps transmission error), Middle English hacckinge. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: hack v.¹, -ing suffix¹. Etymology: < hack v.¹ + -ing suffix¹.Earlier currency, apparently in an otherwise unattested sense denoting a forest clearing or assart, may be implied by the minor place names le Hackyng , West Riding, Yorkshire (1336), le Hackyng , Warwickshire (1369–70). In sense 1e after German Hackung (mid 19th cent.); compare similarly French hachement (19th cent.). With sense 2 compare Old English gehæcca sausage meat (apparently < y- prefix + a form of the stem of hack v.¹; compare ofhæccan to hack off: see hack v.¹) and (also formed on the stem of hack v.¹) the second element of the compounds mearh-gehæc (compare y- prefix) and mearh-hæccel (compare -le suffix), both in sense ‘sausage meat’ (see discussion at marrow n.¹). 1. a. The action of chopping or hewing, esp. with rough or heavy blows; (also) the action of breaking up or mutilating something in this way. Also hacking off, out. Cf. hack v.¹ 1a.Recorded earliest in hacking hammer n. at Compounds.In quot. a1475 apparently: (in Falconry) the action of chopping meat; meat which has been chopped up (cf. sense 2). ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > cutting > [noun] bita1000 kerfc1000 slittingc1175 carving?c1225 chop1362 cuttinga1398 hacking1398 scissure?a1425 garsingc1440 racing?a1450 incision1474 secting1507 raze1530 chopping1548 scotching1551 hackling1564 slashing1596 carbonadoing1599 kinsing1599 insection1653 secation1656 scission1676 gash1694 inciding1694 haggling1761 cut1808 shear1809 carve1888 1398 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1836) I. 250 (MED) j celedyngclayth, j hakkynghamer, ij files. Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 222 Hakkynge, or hewynge, sectio. a1475 Bk. Hawking in Studia Neophilol. (1944) 16 11 (MED) Vse hym euer to hackynge..and till he flyethe fro tre to tre, he woll come to hackynge; then he woll not come, but thu moste hacke and leue his mete opon a borde in his neste. 1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 588 The hacking and cutting of the Hermes, and images of Mercurye, which in one night were all to be mangled. 1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy i. ii. iii. ii. 127 Why doth scraping of trenchers offend a third, or hacking of files. 1693 T. Urquhart & P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais 3rd Bk. Wks. xxiii. 192 The hacking and slashing of Battle-Axes. a1722 E. Lisle Observ. Husb. (1757) 30 Hacking is breaking the clots abroad after 'tis sown. 1731 S. Switzer Diss. True Cythisus of Ancients 26 No hacking, chopping, cutting, or any other ill Usage could entirely kill it. 1787 European Mag. & London Rev. Sept. 200/1 The hacking and hewing of a butcher's cleaver. 1808 C. Vancouver Gen. View Agric. Devon v. 126 The holeing, digging, gripping, ditching, hacking, and hand-beating. 1876 W. Papworth Gwilt's Encycl. Archit. (rev. ed.) Gloss. 1255 Taking down old plastering from a wall or ceiling, is called ‘hacking off’. 1881 F. Young Every Man his own Mechanic §1693 The removal of old glass and putty from a sash-frame is termed ‘hacking out’ in the trade. 1922 Anthropol. Papers Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 21 266 This was followed by the hacking off of fingers, in which both sexes indulged. 1934 W. Lewis Men without Art i. ii. 42 A Calvinist moralist, delecting himself with..scenes of chopping, gashing, hacking, and slitting. 1979 A. Wendt Leaves of Banyan Tree ix. 76 He had challenged them with day-long displays of hacking and chopping..until he could hardly swing an axe. 2015 Econ. Times (New Delhi) (Electronic ed.) 21 June The..protest has been over the hacking of trees to build a metro loco shed. †b. Music. The breaking up of a note, or of a syllable sung to a note. Cf. hack v.¹ 1c. Perhaps cf. hocket n. 3. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ a1450 (c1410) Dives & Pauper (Douce 295) i. lix. f. 50^v It were better to sey godes office in holy cherche with outyn note þan with note & hackyng of the silabes & wordes in oure preiour. c. The mangling or mixing up of words or meaning when speaking. Cf. hack v.¹ 1d. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > defective or inarticulate speech > [noun] oblocution?a1475 hacking1539 misspeaking1650 babble1667 dysphonia1706 inarticulateness1731 inarticulation1765 garble1795 thickness1849 dyslalia1854 dyslaly1856 misarticulation1866 dysarthria1877 dysarthrosis1877 cluttering1878 anarthria1879 inarticulacy1921 dysphasia- the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > misinterpretation > distortion or perversion of meaning > [noun] wrestingc1444 pervertinga1450 corruptiona1513 straining1528 writhing?1532 hacking1539 violence1546 racking1556 wrying1562 wringing1565 detorting1579 wrest1581 detortion1598 wrench1603 torture1605 distorting1610 violencing1612 refraction1614 misacception1629 distortion1650 distorture1709 misacceptation1721 torturing1753 verbicide1826 stretch1849 twisting1890 queeringness1955 1539 J. Kyngysmyll Let. 15 Apr. in State Papers Henry VIII (P.R.O.: SP1/150) f. 138^v To the declaracion of the said tow defaultes Mr. Wriothesley said thone was in the hvmmynge hacking & derke settinge furthe of godes word. 1573 J. Bridges Supremacie Christian Princes 227 Your hacking and wresting of this sentence. 1642 S. Ashe Support for Sinking Heart 25 They may be legible, easie to be read without hacking and hesitancy. 1676 A. Marvell Mr. Smirke sig. B3^v Having avowed that he had scann'd the Book thorow, this hacking and vain repetition being just like it. 1735 M. Horbery Animadversions upon Late Pamphlet 95 The third, after much hacking and mauling, does not speak plainly up to his purpose. 1840 Dublin Rev. Feb. 184 The transpositions and curtailment of sentences; the hacking and mangling of paragraphs. 1946 Berkshire Evening Eagle (Pittsfield, Mass.) 2 Aug. 14/5 Its efforts include an empty hacking of words on the subject of the veto. 1999 Policy Rev. Oct. Booth engages in a conceit: that to play badly, in the act of ‘amateuring’, is particularly virtuous. He, with his hacking and his tears of joy..is purer than thou. d. Sport (chiefly Association Football and Rugby). The action of intentionally kicking an opponent on the shin in order to disable him or her. Cf. hack v.¹ 6. ΚΠ 1851 Rugbæan 15 Oct. 111/1 The maul resounds with hacking. 1866 Daily Tel. 7 Nov. The practice of ‘hacking’..consists in each side kicking their opponents' shins in so fearful and violent a manner as to disable the players. 1887 M. Shearman Athletics & Football (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) xiii. 297 The Union Code very properly abolished hacking, tripping, and scragging. 1963 Times 24 Jan. 3/1 It had been agreed [when the laws of Rugby Union were drawn up] that hacking-over and tripping-up should not be permitted. 1995 FourFourTwo Oct. 74/3 The most contentious rule was that of hacking: kicking an opponent's legs in order to win the ball. 2013 Nottingham Post (Nexis) 5 Aug. (Features section) 20 Under the early rules of football, hacking of shins, tripping and elbowing were allowed and the goalkeeper could be charged out of the way. e. In massage: the action or technique of massaging by striking with the edge of the hand. Cf. hack v.¹ 1e. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > physiotherapy > [noun] > massage > movements knead1853 effleurage1886 pétrissage1886 malaxation1887 percussioning1887 pointillage1887 pression1887 sciage1887 secousse1887 tapotement1889 hacking1890 1890 A. Kellgren Ling's Syst. Man. Treatm. 25 Tapotement means hacking or beating. 1901 Amer. Jrnl. Nursing 2 28 With the fingers slightly curved and held loosely, perform hacking over the area. 1996 S. Lavery et al. Hamlyn Encycl. Complementary Health 58/2 There are different percussion techniques, of which hacking and pummelling are the most common. 2002 P. Thomas What works, what Doesn't xi. 185 A variety of techniques such as cupping, hacking and pummelling (as in Swedish massage). 2. Usually in form hackin. English regional (chiefly northern). A kind of large sausage chiefly made from chopped offal or from mincemeat and fruit, and sometimes from both combined, traditionally eaten on Christmas Day. Also occasionally as a mass noun. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > sausage > [noun] > types of sausage franchemyle1381 herbelade?c1390 haggisc1400 black puddinga1450 blood puddingc1450 bloodinga1500 liveringa1500 haggis pudding1545 white pudding1578 swine's pudding1579 hog's pudding1583 Bolognian sausage1596 bloodling1598 andouille1605 andouillet1611 cervelat1613 mortadella1613 polony1654 blacking1674 hacking1674 whiting1674 Oxford sausagec1700 saucisson1772 German sausage1773 saveloy1784 blood sausage1799 white hawse1819 liver sausage1820 black pot1825 chipolata1830 Bologna sausage1833 butifarra1836 mettwurst1836 Cambridge sausage1840 boudin1845 chorizo1846 German1847 liverwurst1852 salami1852 station-Jack1853 leberwurst1855 wurst1855 blutwurst1856 bag of mystery1864 Vienna sausage1865 summer sausage1874 wienerwurst1875 mealy pudding1880 whitepot1880 wiener1880 erbswurst1885 pepperoni1888 mystery bag1889 red-hot1890 weenie1891 hot dog1892 frankfurter1894 sav?1894 Coney Island1895 coney1902 garlic sausage1905 boloney1907 kishke1907 drisheen1910 bratwurst1911 banger1919 cocktail sausage1927 boerewors1930 soy sausage1933 thuringer1933 frank1936 fish sausage1937 knackwurst1939 foot-long1941 starver1941 soya sausage1943 soysage1943 soya link1944 brat1949 Vienna1952 kielbasa1953 Coney dog1954 tube steak1963 Weisswurst1963 Cumberland sausage1966 merguez1966 tripe sausage1966 schinkenwurst1967 boerie1981 'nduja1996 1674 N. Fairfax Treat. Bulk & Selvedge 159 Thus shall we sort out eternity into as many kinds and lengths, as the Darbyshire huswife does her pudding when she makes whitings and blackings, and liverings and hackings. 1691 J. Ray Glossarium Northanhymbricum in Coll. Eng. Words (ed. 2) 142 A Hackin,..farcimen. ?1730 Round about Coal-fire 2 The Hackin must be boil'd by Day-break, or else two young Men must take the Maiden by the Arms, and run her round the Market-place. 1732 Let. in R. Bradley Country Housewife & Lady's Director II. 122 It is a Custom with us every Christmas-Day in the Morning to have, what we call an Hackin. 1847 G. Soane New Curios. Lit. II. 331 The Hackin is a great sausage which ‘must be boiled by daybreak’. 1878 W. Dickinson Gloss. Words & Phrases Cumberland (ed. 2) Hackin..a pudding of mincemeat and fruit—used till lately for the family breakfast on Christmas day. 1945 Statesville (N. Carolina) Daily Record 24 Dec. 14/3 If the cook failed to have the Hackin ready for eating by day's dawn she was..dipped in the village duck pond. 1973 T. P. Coffin Illustr. Christmas Folklore ii. 27 Plum pudding or ‘hackin’, made of hacked fruits and vegetables drenched with liquor and decked with holly still carries this sort of symbolism to the modern table. †3. Building. The interruption of a thicker course of stones in a wall with one or more thinner courses owing to a lack of large enough stones. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1841 S. C. Brees Gloss. Civil Engin. 120 An objectionable plan, practised by workmen, when one of the courses of a wall cannot be carried up of equal depth throughout its length for the want of stones sufficiently large for same. The hacking consists in dividing the remaining in two courses. 1842 J. Gwilt Encycl. Archit. Gloss. 983 Hacking, in walling, denotes the interruption of a course of stones, by the introduction of another on a different level, for want of stones to complete the thickness. 4. a. The action or practice of computer programming and software development, esp. for purely personal enjoyment. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > computing and information technology > [noun] > ability to use > use for pleasure hacking1975 1975 New Scientist 26 June 709/1 ‘Hacking’ has come to denote a form of activity indulged in by the worldwide band of computer fanatics. It is simply the activity of designing and implementing software systems in which one is personally interested. 1984 PC 15 May 62/1 Hacking is a very compelling activity. 2015 A. Boduch Lo-Dash Essentials ii. 53 This might not sound like a big deal, but it can make for some fun, elaborate hacking. b. The practice of gaining unauthorized access to a computer, network, etc., esp. remotely; (also) an instance of this. Cf. hack v.¹ 15d.hacker n. 3a is much earlier. ΘΚΠ society > computing and information technology > [noun] > act of accessing > without authorization hacking1983 hack1984 1983 Computerworld 18 Apr. 32/1 ‘Hacking’..is a problem that is sure to continue to plague the computer industry. 1994 D. Lyon Electronic Eye vii. 129 So called ‘computer terrorism’ in the form of hacking, virus-placing and high-tech secrets espionage is another fear that encourages candidate vetting. 2005 Wall St. Jrnl. 10 Aug. (Central ed.) a4/6 Mr. Mueller said he understood those concerns and promised the FBI would be more sensitive in responding to computer hackings. 2012 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 27 Sept. 44/1 [‘White hats’ or ‘ethical hackers’] use the tools of hacking to penetrate computer systems, find holes in their security, and, ideally, patch them. Compounds hacking-block n. a chopping block. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > work-benches, seats, etc. > [noun] > block > for chopping on hagstock1402 hackstock1411 hacking stock1542 chopping-board1675 chopping-block1680 hacking-block1688 hack-log1822 hag-block1822 hag clog1822 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. v. 269/2 A Chopping or Hacking Block. 1704 tr. Acct. Most Dangerous Voy. in A. Churchill & J. Churchill Coll. Voy. I. 569/2 The Tail of this Creature [sc. a whale] serves for a hacking Block. 1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm II. 241 One man stands at the end of a large hacking block of wood, provided with a long-faced hatchet. 1955 R. Graves Homer's Daughter xi. The meat had been reduced to small square pieces on the hacking block. 2010 J. Sharp Tears from Sun 20 I come to a butcher hacking meat on an old, deep-grooved chopping table. His round hacking-block is on the pavement. hacking hammer n. rare = hack hammer n. at hack- comb. form . ΚΠ 1398Hakkynghamer [see sense 1a]. 1868 Manch. Guardian 25 Aug. 3/2 For sale, one new Grindstone,..complete, in iron trough, self-lubricating pedestals, splashboard, and hacking hammer. 1966 W. G. Nash Brickwork xiv. 205 Remove any..scum on the top of the concrete and hack the surface well with a hacking hammer or mechanical hammer. hacking knife n. a stout knife, esp. one used for chopping or to remove hard putty from a window frame. ΚΠ 1546 G. Joye Refut. Byshop Winchesters Derke Declar. sig. U.viii Yt here openli chop your hackinge knyfe into your own sower herbes. 1763 Monthly Rev. Dec. 545 The string thereof cut, possibly by the sharp edge of a hacking-knife. 1842 J. Gwilt Encycl. Archit. ii. iii. 586 The hacking knife is for cleaning out the old putty from the rebates where squares are to be stopped in. 1958 B. Behan Borstal Boy iii. 230 I sometimes saw a fellow..carrying brushes and paint and sometimes glazing tools; hacking knife, glazing knife, toffee hammer, [etc.]. 2005 P. Barua State at War in S. Asia v. xii. 231 Their equipment was quite primitive and included bows and arrows..and dahs, or large hacking knives. † hacking stock n. Obsolete a chopping block, a hackstock. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > work-benches, seats, etc. > [noun] > block > for chopping on hagstock1402 hackstock1411 hacking stock1542 chopping-board1675 chopping-block1680 hacking-block1688 hack-log1822 hag-block1822 hag clog1822 1542 in C. Innes Fasti Aberdonenses (1854) 573 Tway flesche hacken stokis. 1592 (?a1425) Chester Plays (BL Add.) (1843) I. 47 Here is a good hacckinge stoccke [1591 Huntington hackestocke], One this you maye hewe and knocke. 1649 Edinb. Test. LXIV. f. 141^v, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue (at cited word) Twa hacking knyves and ane hacking stock. hacking tool n. (a) an axe, pick, or other implement used for chopping or cutting (also hacking-out tool); (b) Computing a piece of software used to gain (esp. unauthorized) access to a computer system. ΚΠ 1778 J. Cook Jrnl. 26 Apr. (1967) III. i. 324 Chahe'uk, A Hatchet or hacking tool. 1823 P. Nicholson New Pract. Builder 422 A Hacking-out Tool is an old broken knife, ground sharp on its edge. 1973 Daily Rev. (Hayward, Calif.) 29 Mar. 29/1 Armed only with a permit and some kind of hacking tool, you can haul away wood. 1996 Computerworld 10 June 66/3 Hackers are far more effective now than even a year ago because of the availability of automated hacking tools. 2012 J. Wiles et al. Low Tech Hacking vii. 188 Low tech hacking tools can be deployed by individuals involved in espionage and terrorism. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022). hackingn.² Brit. /ˈhakɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈhækɪŋ/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: hack v.³, -ing suffix¹. Etymology: < hack v.³ + -ing suffix¹. 1. The action of riding a horse on a road, path, etc.; the action of riding a horse, typically in the countryside, for exercise or pleasure. Cf. hack v.³ 2. ΚΠ 1850 S. C. Waite Equestrian's Man. vi. 168 Some people imagine that a chin-strap is not an indispensable thing to a bridle either in hunting, or hacking. 1861 ‘Stonehenge’ Man. Brit. Rural Sports (ed. 5) 677/2 The horse is rendered thereby of no use for anything but light hacking or harness work. 1905 Illustr. Sporting & Dramatic News 13 May 394/3 They will be in good, hard condition, and ready for summer work in the coach or for hacking in the Row. 1990 Trav. & Life Dec. 42/2 As well as teaching hacking (slow horseback-riding)..Gleneagles provides guests with clay-shooting lessons. 2006 S. McBane 100 Ways to Improve Horse's Schooling 137 Hacking can be one of the most enjoyable equestrian activities you can take part in. 2. U.S. †a. The action of riding in a hack or hired cab. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1879 Philadelphia Times 8 May (Cent. Dict.) Are we more content to depend on street cars and walking, with the accustomed alternative of hacking at six times the money? b. The occupation or activity of driving a hack or hired cab. Cf. hack v.³ 4. ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > transport by vehicles plying for hire > [noun] > driving or hiring of cabs cabbing1846 taxiing1923 hacking1928 1928 E. Ferber in Cosmopolitan Jan. 29/2 Yeh, hackin', there's nothing in it. Too many cabs, see? 1953 Life 8 June 3/2 Maybe you hail your cab in New York, where hacking is big business. 2015 L. Mosler Driving Hungry (2016) xviii. 142 In the 1960s and '70s, when violent crimes against New York cabbies reached record highs, all but a few women stopped hacking. Compounds hacking coat n. = hacking jacket n. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > coat > types of > for specific purpose > riding riding coat1501 gambalocke1609 hacking coat1927 1927 Vogue May 116/2 The hacking coat may be made with either one or two vents at the back. 1954 New Yorker 13 Nov. 168/2 A hacking coat with side vents and slanted flap pockets, is from $125 to $135. 2000 Daily News (N.Y.) (Nexis) 17 Apr. 21 Last day to find the likes of suede jodhpurs, hacking coats, hunting-motif silk scarves and other English country weekend garments. hacking jacket n. a sports jacket suitable for use when riding (typically in countryside) on a horse, often tailored in tweed with vents at the side or back. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > jacket > (suitable) for specific purpose cork-jacket1762 tea-jacket1887 stroller1901 sports jacket1912 bed-jacket1914 smoking1922 hacking jacket1935 safari jacket1938 lumber jacket1939 judogi1944 loafer1959 1935 Manch. Guardian 15 Apr. 7 Riding kit that's surprisingly inexpensive... Man-tailored Hacking-Jackets. 1959 H. Hobson Mission House Murder ii. 11 My Harris tweed hacking-jacket. 2004 Daily Tel. 26 Aug. 18/4 Gaultier's debut at Hermès, with its..ladylike hacking jackets and riding capes, unleashed a cavalcade of equestrian chic. hacking length n. and adj. now rare (of) a length suitable for use when riding on horseback. ΚΠ 1921 Baily's Mag. June 250/2 It does mean the stirrups being shortened at least four or five holes from one's ordinary hacking length. 1966 Guardian 27 July 6/4 Jackets are hacking length. 1975 Syracuse (N.Y.) Herald-Jrnl. 9 June 15/2 Some of Bill's other jackets are the classic hacking length. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022). hackingadj. Brit. /ˈhakɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈhækɪŋ/ Forms: see hack v.¹ and -ing suffix²; also Middle English hackande, Middle English hakand. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: hack v.¹, -ing suffix². Etymology: < hack v.¹ + -ing suffix². †1. Troublesome, annoying. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > state of annoyance or vexation > [adjective] > annoying or vexatious angeeOE swinkfuleOE plightlyOE teenfulOE contrariousc1320 drefa1325 troublinga1325 despitousa1340 thornya1340 discomfortablec1350 troublablec1374 noyousa1382 noyfulc1384 diseasy1387 angrya1393 painful1395 hackinga1400 annoying?c1400 annoyousc1400 cumbrousc1400 teenc1400 annoyfulc1405 sputousc1420 diseasefula1425 molest?a1425 noying?a1425 noisomea1450 grievingc1450 tedious?1454 troublous1463 noisantc1475 displeasant1481 strouble1488 nuisant1494 noyanta1500 irksome1513 sturting1513 molestious1524 vexatious1534 cumbersome1535 uncommodious1541 spiteful1548 vexing?1548 incommodious1551 molestous1555 diseasing1558 grating1563 pestilent1565 sturtsome1570 molestuousa1572 troublesome1573 murrain1575 discommodable1579 galling1583 spiny1586 unsupportable1586 troubleful1588 plaguey1594 distressingc1595 molestful1596 molesting1598 vexful1598 fretful1603 briery1604 bemadding1608 mortifying1611 tiry1611 distressfula1616 irking1629 angersome1649 disobliging1652 discomforting1654 incomfortable1655 incommode1672 ruffling1680 unconvenient1683 pestifying1716 trying1718 offending1726 bothering1765 pesky1775 weary1785 sturty1788 unaccommodating1790 tiresome1798 werriting1808 bothersome1817 plaguesome1828 pestilential1833 fretsome1834 languorous1834 pesty1834 pestersome1843 nettlesome1845 miserable1850 niggling1854 distempering1855 be-maddeninga1861 nattery1873 nagging1883 pestiferous1890 trouble-giving1893 maddening1896 molestive1905 nuisancy1906 balls-aching?1912 nuisance1922 nattering1949 noodgy1969 dickheaded1991 dickish1991 cockish1996 a1400 Psalter (Vesp.) xxxiv. 15 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 165 Whils þai to me ware Hackande [L. molesti essent]. a1400 Psalter (Vesp.) liv. 3 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 185 In wrath to me hakand war þai [L. molesti erant]. †2. Of a person, speech, etc.: characterized by stuttering, a lack of eloquence or verbal precision, etc. Cf. hack v.¹ 9, 1d. Obsolete.Quot. 1583 is of uncertain meaning. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > defective or inarticulate speech > [adjective] > stammering or stammered wlaffinga1300 stammering1398 stuttinga1425 drotingc1440 stoting1567 maffling1577 hacking1583 stuttering1590 hackeda1603 doubling1605 hesitating1622 balbutient1642 hesitant1647 hesitatorya1734 hesitative1795 stammereda1858 stuttery1937 1583 B. Melbancke Philotimus (new ed.) sig. Qiii One Cornelius a stale hacking Courtier, who had long fed his fancie on Aureliaes well thewed shape, but hitherto had bare commons,..gubd Aurelia with golde to make his fare better, and backt Philotimus with rebukes. 1607 J. Marston What you Will Induct. sig. A3 In good faith if they put thee out of countenance; put thou them out of patience; & hew their eares with hacking imperfect vtterance. a1652 A. Wilson Hist. Great Brit. (1653) 133 The King..would often make himself merry with his imperfect scrouls in writing, and hacking expressions in reading, so that he would..say in a facetious way, Had ever man such a Secretary, that can neither Write nor Read? 3. That hacks, wounds, or slashes. Also figurative and in figurative contexts: critical, severe, hurtful. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > cutting > [adjective] carving?c1225 flyschand?a1400 gashing1566 scorching1570 slicing1578 incisive1598 rescindent1598 hacking1602 dismangling1659 inciding1739 slashing1827 society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > sharp weapon > [adjective] > cutting or piercing piercinga1400 stabbing1600 hacking1602 flesh-transpiercing1609 ganching1614 griding1667 slashing1950 the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > [adjective] > wounded > cut > cutting hacking1602 ganching1614 1602 A. Copley Another Let. to Dis-iesuited Kinseman 68 These are the vennies this hacking father giues me, which he thinkes are deepe wounds. 1612 W. Martyn Youths Instr. 39 These hacking fencers, impudent stage players, beastly drunkards. 1808 W. Scott Let. 30 Dec. (1932) II. 142 Lay hold of..any other new book you like, and give us a good hacking review of it. 1864 E. B. Pusey Daniel i. 9 That hacking school of criticism, which hewed out the books of Holy Scripture into as many fragments as it willed. 1920 W. B. Parker Let. 1 May in Casual Lett. S. Amer. (1921) 386 There was a scuffle, a cry, a hacking blow, a fall and silence. 1997 S. Henderson In Elizabeth 29 His smile came and went, rising up to laughter, false laughter to deflect my mother's lip-twisting, hacking words. 2014 L. Courtney From Ashes xxxi. 218 The next attacker lunged out of nowhere, attacking with a hacking strike. 4. Designating or characteristic of a repetitive cough, esp. one which is short and dry. Cf. earlier hecking adj. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > respiratory spasms > [noun] > coughing > type of cough fox's cough1611 churchyard cough1693 hacking1770 barking1813 graveyard cough1873 hoicking1926 smoker's cough1927 1770 Gen. Evening Post 20 Dec. (advt.) Violently afflicted with a hacking cough. 1835 G. Stephen Adventures in Search of Horse vi. 90 The hacking tone of chronic asthma. 1867 Amer. Jrnl. Homoeopathic Materia Medica Oct. 16 This patient experienced a dry hacking spell of coughing. 1880 M. E. Braddon Just as I Am xxvii I have had a hacking cough ever since last September. 1904 Jrnl. Infectious Dis. 1 77 During the second week of the illness there was a hacking cough. 1981 Texas Monthly Dec. 214/3 His body racked with hacking spasms as he succumbs to cancer. 2003 K. Hosseini Kite Runner (2004) xii. 134 It started with a hacking cough and the sniffles. Derivatives ˈhackingly adv. in a hacking manner. ΚΠ 1611 J. Florio Queen Anna's New World of Words Alla recisa, cuttingly, hackingly. 1879 T. F. Allen Encycl. Pure Materia Medica II. 494 He is compelled to hawk, and cough hackingly and dry. 1904 R. Kipling Traffics & Discov. 240 He coughed again hard and hackingly. 1995 Independent (Nexis) 23 Feb. 27 He coughs, hackingly, then sits down in a saggy armchair and rolls a cigarette. 2008 T. Glyde Cleaning Up (2009) 100 When I cough..the sound is so hackingly medieval that people look at me in shops. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹1398n.²1850adj.a1400
随便看	non-motorist non-music non-musical non-musician non-mystical non-nant non-narrative non-nasal non-nasalized non-national non-native non-natives non-natural non-naturalism non-naturalist non-naturalistic non-naturalistically non-naturality non-naturalness non-nazi non-necessary non-necessity non-negative non-negligible non-negotiable

hackingn.1

Compounds

hackingn.2

Compounds

hackingadj.

Derivatives

hackingn.¹

hackingn.²