hackneyn.adj.

Brit.

/ˈhakni/, U.S.

/ˈhækni/

Forms: Middle English hackeney, Middle English hakenai, Middle English hakenay, Middle English hakene (in compounds), Middle English hakenes (plural), Middle English hakeneye, Middle English hakeneyes (plural), Middle English hakkenay, Middle English haknay, Middle English hakneis (plural), Middle English haknes (plural), Middle English hakneye, Middle English haukeney, Middle English haykenay, late Middle English haque (probably transmission error), Middle English–1500s hakeney, Middle English–1600s hackenay, Middle English–1600s hakney, Middle English– hackney, 1500s hackene (in compounds), 1500s hackeneie, 1500s hackeneyes (plural), 1500s hackenie, 1500s hackeny, 1500s hacknaye, 1500s hacknei, 1500s hackneis (plural), 1500s hackness (plural), 1500s hacqne, 1500s hacqueneye, 1500s hacqueny, 1500s–1600s hackneies (plural), 1500s–1600s hackneye, 1500s–1600s hacknie, 1500s–1600s hacney, 1500s–1700s hacknies (plural), 1500s–1700s hackny, 1600s hacny, 1600s hacqueney, 1800s ackney; also Scottish pre-1700 hacquenay, pre-1700 haiknay, pre-1700 haiknes (plural), pre-1700 haikney, pre-1700 hakna, pre-1700 haknay, pre-1700 halknais (plural), pre-1700 halknay, pre-1700 haquenay, pre-1700 hauknay, pre-1700 hawknay; N.E.D. (1898) also records a form Middle English haukenay.

Origin: Probably from a proper name. Etymon: proper name Hackney.

Etymology: Probably < the name of Hackney, formerly a village in Middlesex (now a borough in London; 1198 as Hakeneia , 1236 as Hakeneye ), probably with reference to supply of horses from the surrounding meadows. The word is found from the early decades of the 14th cent. in Anglo-Norman, and quot. 1299 at sense A. 1a (and several similar examples from Latin documents of c1300) could theoretically show the Anglo-Norman rather than the Middle English word. However, the word is not found outside England until somewhat later, and the early pattern of attestation (and in particular the word's absence from earlier Anglo-Norman texts) probably argues more in favour of an origin in Middle English than in Anglo-Norman. See also quot. 1286 at hack n.² for an indication of very slightly earlier currency in Middle English.Compare Anglo-Norman hakeney, hakenei, hakeneye, hakené, hakenay, hakenaye, haknay, etc. (early 14th cent.), Middle French haguenee, haquenee, hacquenee (mid 14th cent.; an apparent Old French attestation survives only in a 15th-cent. manuscript in which it probably shows a later interpolation), post-classical Latin hakeneius (frequently from 1291 in British sources). Compare also (probably all ultimately < English via French) Middle Dutch hackeneye, hackenye (Dutch hakkenei), Spanish hacanea (1490), Portuguese facanéia (15th cent.), hacanéia (17th cent.), Italian chinea (a1492), and probably likewise also Middle French haque (1457), Catalan aca, Spanish jaca, †haca (c1400).

A. n.

a. A horse used for general-purpose riding. In later use: spec. a horse of a medium-sized breed characterized by strength, stamina, and a high-stepping trotting action, now frequently shown competitively, esp. in harness events; such horses considered collectively as a breed. Cf. hack n.² 1b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > horse defined by purpose used for > [noun] > for riding

road horseOE

hackney1299

rouncyc1300

mounturec1400

hackney horse1473

steed1597

Galloway1598

roussin1602

naggon1630

saddle horse1647

sit-horse?1652

rider1698

saddle mare1707

hack1737

hack horse1760

ride1787

Bucephalus1799

steed-horse1842

mount1856

saddler1888

saddle seat1895

1299 in C. M. Woolgar Househ. Accts. Medieval Eng. (1992) I. 166 In expensis Lakoc cum uno hakeney conducto de Lond' usque Canterbire pro tapetis cariandis ii s.

c1330 (?c1300) Bevis of Hampton (Auch.) 1255 Ac nim a liȝter hakenai & lef her þe swerd Morgelai.

c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Canon's Yeoman's Tale (Ellesmere) (1875) l. 559 His hakeney which þat was al pomely grys.

a1450 Partonope of Blois (Univ. Coll. Oxf.) (1912) l. 6828 A hakeney That ys Swyft and ryght well ambelyng.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VI f. clxv^v The erle of Shrewesbury..because of his age, rode on a litle hakeney.

1577 R. Stanyhurst Treat. Descr. Irelande ii. f. 9^v/1, in R. Holinshed Chron. I The nagge or the hackney [1587 hackeneie] is very good for trauelling.

1653 H. Cogan tr. F. M. Pinto Voy. & Adventures xl. 160 Pages, mounted on white Hackneys, having green velvet Saddles.

1678 S. Butler Hudibras: Third Pt. iii. i. 24 Mounted on a Broom, the Nag And Hackney of a Lapland Hag.

1762 Diary of Events 40 in Yearly Chron. A person at Leeds..rode his common hackney, from thence to Hull, and back again,..in 19 hours and 22 minutes.

1791 J. Byng Diary 24 June in Torrington Diaries (1935) II. 332 My mare..will never have the active, compact pace of an hackney.

1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe I. ii. 25 He rode..a strong hackney for the road, to save his gallant war-horse.

1831 W. Youatt Horse iv. 36 The hackney has many of the qualities of the hunter on a small scale.

1904 E. Phillpotts Amer. Prisoner i. 7 The visitor rode a stout hackney lent by his host.

1951 Billboard 24 Nov. 64/3 They presented hackneys, gaited horses, thorobred hunters and jumpers.

2009 F. Lynghaug Official Horse Breeds Standards Guide vi. 594/1 The Hackney originated in Norfolk, England, where horses called Norfolk Trotters had been selectively bred for elegant style and speed.

b. A horse used for hire. Cf. hackney horse n. at Compounds 5. Now historical and rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > horse defined by purpose used for > [noun] > hired or for hire

hackneyc1400

hackney horse1473

job1740

job horse1748

hack horse1760

c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. iii. l. 175 (MED) Ac hakeneyes hadde þei none bote hakeneyes to hyre.

c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure l. 484 (MED) Þey..Hyres þem hakenayes hastyly þereaftyre.

1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue i. xi. sig. E^v Hakney men saie, at mangy hakneys hyer A scalde hors is good ynough for a scabde squier.

1626 J. Mede Let. 3 June in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1824) 1st Ser. III. 231 Divers in Town got hacknies, and fled to avoid importunity.

1681 London Gaz. No. 1624/4 There was a Brown Nag left by them, supposed to be a London-Hackney.

1715 D. Defoe Family Instructor I. i. iv. 88 I'll take a Hackney, and go to the Mall.

1781 H. P. Wyndham Tour through Monmouthshire & Wales (ed. 2) 140 We..had traversed a mountainous country for the space of 167 miles upon Welsh hackneys, hired from place to place.

1851 T. H. Turner Some Acct. Domest. Archit. I. iii. 121 These ten panniers were put across the backs of five hackneys; supplied of course by the companies of hackneymen established along the road.

1967 J. Crofts Packhorse, Waggon & Post x. 63 Chaucer in his Prologue..mentions no hackneys, branded or unbranded.

2000 D. Webb Pilgrimage Medieval Eng. ix. 228 Richard II regulated the cost of the hire of ‘hackneys’ on the road from London via Rochester and Canterbury to Dover.

†c. figurative. A person or thing likened to a hackney horse. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > importance > unimportance > [noun] > one who is unimportant > puppet or toy

hackneya1500

toy1573

creature1587

puppet1592

motion1602

baublea1616

plaything1680

dummy1866

the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > instrumentality > [noun] > (a) means

keyOE

toolc1000

wherewithc1230

ministerc1380

meanc1390

instrumenta1425

organ?a1425

mesne1447

moyen1449

handlec1450

hackneya1500

receipta1500

operative1526

ingine1531

appliance1555

agent1579

matter1580

mids1581

wedge1581

wherewithal1583

shoeing-horn1587

engine1589

instrumental1598

Roaring Meg1598

procurement1601

organy1605

vehicle1615

vehiculuma1617

executioner1646

facility1652

operatory1660

instrumentality1663

expedient1665

agency1684

bladea1713

mechanic1924

mechanism1924

a1500 (a1400) Sir Cleges (Adv.) (1930) l. 251 He hade non hors..But a staffe was hys hakenay, As a man in pouerte.

a1529 J. Skelton Manerly Margery in Poet. Wks. (1843) I. 28 I am no hakney for your rode.

1593 Passionate Morrice sig. C2 Neighbourly loue is made a hacknie, being so worne to the bones.

1600 T. Dekker Shomakers Holiday sig. B3^v Take him braue men, Hector of Troy was an hackney to him.

1698 F. B. Free but Modest Censure 26 His Criticism is again a hackney to his private Belief and Opinion.

1738 A. Pope One Thousand Seven Hundred & Thirty Eight Dialogue II 10 Each spur-gall'd Hackney of the Day.

1796 Polit. Dramatist House of Commons 1795 (ed. 2) 15 Better be with the mob; their fancies cheat; By human Hackneys dragg'd from street to street.

1821 Mem. Man of Fashion I. vi. 237 His flights of fancy have been tamed; he has become the meekest hackney of a royal stable.

†2. A person who does or is employed to do menial or servile work; a drudge; a lackey. Cf. hack n.² 4a. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to conditions > [noun] > hireling

hireling1535

hackney1546

journeyman1548

coolie1622

mercedary1656

hack1699

hiree1811

1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue i. xi. sig. Cii^v Whan ought was to do, I was common hackney.

1584 R. Scot Disc. Diuels & Spirits x, in Discouerie Witchcraft 505 Archangels..are sent onelie about great and secret matters; and angels are common hacknies about euerie trifle.

1668 S. Pepys Diary 11 Feb. (1976) IX. 62 Which makes me mad that I should by my place become the hackney of this Office, in perpetual trouble and vexation.

1669 Addr. Hopeful Young Gentry 8 The Idle person is the only common Hackney, and..stands ready to let out himself Post.

c1699 T. Ellwood in Hist. Life (1714) Suppl. 442 A mercenary Hackney to some of the Clergy.

1785 W. Cowper Tirocinium in Task 325 Such is all the mental food purvey'd By public hacknies in the schooling trade.

†3. derogatory. A prostitute. Cf. hack n.² 5. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > prostitution > [noun] > a prostitute

meretrixOE

whoreOE

soiled dovea1250

common womanc1330

putec1384

bordel womanc1405

putaina1425

brothelc1450

harlot?a1475

public womanc1510

naughty pack?1529

draba1533

cat1535

strange woman1535

stew1552

causey-paikera1555

putanie?1566

drivelling1570

twigger1573

punka1575

hackney1579

customer1583

commodity1591

streetwalker1591

traffic1591

trug1591

hackster1592

polecat1593

stale1593

mermaid1595

medlar1597

occupant1598

Paphian1598

Winchester goose1598

pagan1600

hell-moth1602

aunt1604

moll1604

prostitution1605

community1606

miss1606

night-worm1606

bat1607

croshabell1607

prostitute1607

pug1607

venturer1607

nag1608

curtal1611

jumbler1611

land-frigate1611

walk-street1611

doll-common1612

turn-up1612

barber's chaira1616

commonera1616

public commonera1616

trader1615

venturea1616

stewpot1616

tweak1617

carry-knave1623

prostibule1623

fling-dusta1625

mar-taila1625

night-shadea1625

waistcoateera1625

night trader1630

coolera1632

meretrician1631

painted ladya1637

treadle1638

buttock1641

night-walker1648

mob?1650

lady (also girl, etc.) of the game1651

lady of pleasure1652

trugmullion1654

fallen woman1659

girlc1662

high-flyer1663

fireship1665

quaedama1670

small girl1671

visor-mask1672

vizard-mask1672

bulker1673

marmalade-madam1674

town miss1675

town woman1675

lady of the night1677

mawks1677

fling-stink1679

Whetstone whore1684

man-leech1687

nocturnal1693

hack1699

strum1699

fille de joie1705

market-dame1706

screw1725

girl of (the) town1733

Cytherean1751

street girl1764

monnisher1765

lady of easy virtue1766

woman (also lady) of the town1766

kennel-nymph1771

chicken1782

stargazer1785

loose fish1809

receiver general1811

Cyprian1819

mollya1822

dolly-mop1834

hooker1845

charver1846

tail1846

horse-breaker1861

professional1862

flagger1865

cocodette1867

cocotte1867

queen's woman1871

common prostitute1875

joro1884

geisha1887

horizontal1888

flossy1893

moth1896

girl of the pavement1900

pross1902

prossie1902

pusher1902

split-arse mechanic1903

broad1914

shawl1922

bum1923

quiff1923

hustler1924

lady of the evening1924

prostie1926

working girl1928

prostisciutto1930

maggie1932

brass1934

brass nail1934

mud kicker1934

scupper1935

model1936

poule de luxe1937

pro1937

chromo1941

Tom1941

pan-pan1949

twopenny upright1958

scrubber1959

slack1959

yum-yum girl1960

Suzie Wong1962

mattress1964

jamette1965

ho1966

sex worker1971

pavement princess1976

parlour girl1979

crack whore1990

1579 S. Gosson Apol. Schoole of Abuse in Ephemerides Phialo f. 83 Venus..that taught the women in Cyprus to set vp a Stewes, too hyre out them selues as hackneies for gaine.

1593 T. Nashe Christs Teares f. 80 When the hackney he hath payde for lyes by him.

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Bringuenaudée, a common hackney.

1679 Bp. G. Burnet tr. N. Sanders in Hist. Reformation: 1st Pt. App. 278 She was so notoriously lewd, that she was called an Hackney.

1774 E. Capell Notes & Var. Readings Shakespeare I. 39/2 Yon' ribald nag of Egypt, Meaning, indeed,—brazen hackney: and calling her so..by reason of her forwardness and her prostitutions.

1787 J. Morgan Attorney's Vade Mecum I. 140 Thou art John's hackney, thou art a thieving whore, a pocky whore.

4. A horse-drawn carriage which is let out for hire; = hackney coach n. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicles (plying) for hire > [noun] > hackney carriage

hackney coach1618

hell-cart1623

hackney1664

hack1692

fiacre1699

hackney carriage1735

dilly1805

street coach1818

jarvey1819

cab1822

hackney cab1832

gurney1884

cabriolet1907

1664 S. Pepys Diary 18 Apr. (1971) V. 126 Myself, being in a hackney and full of people, was ashamed to be seen by the world, many of them knowing me.

1727 M. Delany Autobiogr. & Corr. (1861) I. 141 We were in no bustle of coaches, for no hackneys were allowed to pass.

1769 D. Hayes Wks. in Verse 29 City Wives in Hackneys crowd the Strand.

1824 J. Wight Mornings at Bow St. 118 It went round like the hind wheel of an ackney—rowling and rowling, your honour.

1897 Harper's Weekly 23 Jan. 77/2 Cooke..would jump into a hackney and be driven to Covent Garden.

1997 L. Picard Restoration London viii. 147 To hire a hackney cost a minimum of 1s, plus a negotiated charge.

2004 J. A. Lansdowne Just Impossible xiii. 254 Temple was stepping out of the hackney and paying the driver.

B. adj.

Of an expression, phrase, etc.: stale or tired through indiscriminate use; overused; banal; hackneyed (now somewhat rare). Formerly also: †usual, frequent (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > relative time > the past > oldness or ancientness > [adjective] > old-fashioned or antiquated > stale, trite, or hackneyed

stale1550

cock-crowen1577

hackney1590

threadbare1598

worn-out1713

hackish1868

thread-worn1888

timeworn1901

old hat1949

connect-the-dots1971

join-the-dots1988

1590 R. Harvey Theol. Disc. Lamb of God 119 There remayneth yet a monstrous and a craftie antichristian practisser.., he is..a poste vpon hackney sillogismes to haue silly ones geue him the way.

1663 J. Allington Period of Grand Conspiracy Ep. Ded. sig. A3 It seems somewhat uncouth to make any manner of Apology..; and therefore I shall not make use of that Hackny Stale..Importunity of Friends.

1714 J. Walker Attempt Acct. Sufferings Clergy Church of Eng. i. 82/2 The most common, and Hackney Charge in this kind, was Tavern-haunting and Common Swearing.

1741 W. Warburton Divine Legation Moses II. App. 37 One of his hackney Fallacies that run from one End of the Book to the other.

1792 W. Boys Coll. Hist. Sandwich 293 (note) The hackney-imputations of drunkeness and swearing.

1827 N.-Y. Mirror 10 Nov. 139/2 Avoid hackney expressions.

1887 E. Reich Hist. Civilization 22 The word ‘Institution’ is a very usual word, a hackney expression used and applied in the wear and tear of every day's talk.

1918 U.S. Investor 12 Jan. 59/1 They followed the old hackney phrase of ‘sell on the bulges, and buy on the breaks’.

2012 A. Jesson Mind's Garden (Electronic ed.) He..didn't resort to hackney phrases such as ‘It's all in God's hands’.

Compounds

C1. Compounds relating to sense A. 1.

a. General attributive, as hackney pace, hackney saddle, hackney stable, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > horse defined by purpose used for > [adjective] > of or relating to horse for riding

hackney1379

1379 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1898) I. 131 In uno Hakenaysadyll empt., 6s. 8d.

1389 in M. T. Löfvenberg Contrib. Middle Eng. Lexicogr. & Etymol. (1946) 93 (MED) [The] hakeneystables.

1467 in Manners & Househ. Expenses Eng. (1841) 389 A new hakeney sadylle prise, v.s.

1577 R. Willes tr. G. Pereira in R. Willes & R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Hist. Trauayle W. & E. Indies f. 246^v One whole day a horsebacke, going hackney pase.

1659 T. Pecke Parnassi Puerperium 56 What for Hackney-hire, was given you; Was but as Tribute, to your Beauty due.

1754 S. Foote Knights i. 18 That Year the Hackney Stable was built.

1809 Brit. Press 5 Apr. A bright bay mare... Although only of hackney size, she is an animal of great performance.

1872 Farmer's Mag. Apr. 300/1 Outsiders..all go for something in the hunter or hackney style.

1969 J. E. C. Peters Devel. of Farm Buildings v. 118 Hackney stables adjoining a waggon stable with attached feed rooms.

1998 R. Parker Equine Sci. vi. 148 Heavy harness trot and hackney trot are high-stepping gaits.

b. Appositive, as hackney mare, hackney stallion, hackney stud, etc.

ΚΠ

1578 T. Lupton All for Money sig. D.ii^v She may be verie glad that on thee her goods did spare That would let her foorth to be the deuils hacknie mare.

1600 J. Pory tr. J. Leo Africanus Geogr. Hist. Afr. i. 25 Their horses of the countrey-breed are..small hackney-iades.

1670 J. Dryden & W. Davenant Shakespeare's Tempest iv. 64 Syc. How wilt thou carry me thither? Steph. Upon a Hackney-Devil of thy Mothers.

1784 T. Holcroft tr. Foucher d'Obsonville Philos. Ess. Foreign Animals 253 One of the breeds [of Horses]..is called Hatik; it is produced from hackney mares..called Kucdich and Blood-stallions.

1808 Monthly Mag. Apr. 197/1 Like hackney post-horses, fed with beans.

1883 H. Jennings Childishness & Brutality of Time ii. 38 That Literature should be treated thus, as a hackney steed..,—as a horse which anyone can mount..—is monstrous.

1884 (title) Hackney stud book.

1916 Field Dec. 1022/2 Judge Moore's champion hackney mare, Lady Seaton, considered by many experts to be the greatest mare of the breed.

1995 B. L. Hendricks Internat. Encycl. Horse Breeds 209/2 Two men who gave the area of East Riding its name as one of the homes of the Hackney breed.

2005 J. H. Dutson Storey's Illustr. Guide 96 Horse Breeds N. Amer. 123/1 Hackney stallions are still crossed on other breeds to improve substance, motion, and endurance.

c. attributive. Designating an animal kept for hire in the manner of a hackney horse, as hackney ass, hackney mule, etc.

ΚΠ

1600 J. Pory tr. J. Leo Africanus Geogr. Hist. Afr. viii. 303 Great store of hackney-mules, and asses are kept for trauellers to ride vpon.

a1701 H. Maundrell Journey Aleppo to Jerusalem (1703) 128 Here are Hackney Asses always standing ready equipp'd for hire.

1753 T. Blackwell Mem. Court Augustus II. vi. 79 Ventidius from keeping hackney-Mules, was mounted, in Cesar's place, to the highest Magistracy.

1845 Traveller's Mag. June 22 Two or three hackney camels, with their Arab attendants, would appear among the donkeys for hire.

1857 C. Oscanyan Sultan & his People iv. 89 May your transmuted soul become in hell a hackney ass.

1969 E. J. B. Allen Diplomatic Courier in Europe (PhD. Thesis, Brigham Young University) viii. 233 Post horses were not to be had in Madrid, so he had to ride hackney mules as far as Bayonne.

C2. Compounds relating to sense A. 2.

a. attributive and appositive, with the sense ‘that is hired, is available for hire, or that sells his or her services for material gain’ (see sense A. 2), as hackney author, hackney clerk, hackney scribbler, hackney writer, etc.In extended use in quots. 1590, 1681.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > buying > hiring or renting > [adjective] > hired > that may be hired

hackney1590

conductitious1607

hackneyed1651

hireable1862

1590 R. Harvey Plaine Percevall sig. B2^v Is it conscience or lucre, that spurgals thy hackney pen?

1591 R. W. Martine Mar-Sixtus sig. A4 Our hackney authors..care not how sweetely, but how loudely they cry.

1660 A. Wood Life & Times (1891) I. 361 There were some hackney preachers in the University at this time.

1681 E. Hickeringill Vindic. Naked Truth 7 A glib Hackney-Tongue he had in his head.

1711 A. Pope Ess. Crit. 25 Some starv'd Hackny Sonneteer.

1714 J. Addison Lover (1723) No. 39. 224 Booksellers, who set their hackney writers at work for so much a sheet.

a1797 E. Burke Tracts Popery Laws in Wks. (1842) II. 434/1 As hackney clerks, at the miserable salary of 7s. a week.

1811 Edinb. Ann. Reg. 1809 2 563/2 A low description of hackney scribblers, whose very names tended to throw disrespect upon the employment of reviewers.

1899 Med. Press & Circular 5 July 1/1 Misleading information supplied by speculative biographers and hackney journalists.

1907 Virginia Law Reg. 13 592 One of the clerks of an attorney taught him [to write], and in time he became a good hackney-writer.

1990 W. N. Osborough in D. Hogan & W. N. Osborough Brehons, Serjeants & Attorneys 120 A preponderance of recent entrants were ‘hackney clerks’ and educational attainments..were..depressingly low.

2000 P. Fisher Artful Itineraries ii. 79 Was a critic private or commercial, amateur or professional, an homme de lettres or a hackney journalist?

†b. attributive, with the sense ‘that is produced or performed by a hackney’ (see sense A. 2), as hackney job, hackney writing, etc.

ΚΠ

1711 B. Mandeville Treat. Hypochondriack & Hysterick Passions 151 By Copying, Hackney-Writing, or some other miserable shift.

1762 St James's Mag. Oct. 107 I must serve some hackney job.

1798 Monthly Mag. 5 366/2 He made himself so expert a writer, that he took in business, and earned some pence by hackney-writing.

1851 Homœopathic Times 12 July 704/1 He doubled his poor hackney-work in literature for money to take him to Vienna.

1859 Atlantic Monthly June 702/2 His genius was too often degraded to the hackney-tasks of booksellers.

2012 M. N. Powell Performing Authorship Eighteenth-cent. Eng. Periodicals iii. 120 Priscilla's overtly sexual speech represents the prostituted aspects of hackney writing.

†C3. Appositive (in sense A. 3), as hackney strumpet, hackney whore, etc. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1577 S. Batman Golden Bk. Leaden Goddes f. 19 The second [sister] is called Ocypite A spedy conueyer or filcher, a hackney whore.

1647 R. Stapleton tr. Juvenal Sixteen Satyrs 36 Hackney-wenches, that ith circus stand.

1678 S. Butler Hudibras: Third Pt. iii. i. 52 No more, then every Lover Does, from his Hackney Lady suffer.

1750 M. Clancy Sharper 63 Keep strict Discipline over our hackney Furniture, and punish the least Fault with the most Severity.

?1790 R. King New Cheats of London Exposed 31 I shall..begin with the Hackney-Strumpet, and then proceed gradually to the whore of fashion.

C4. attributive. Designating a vehicle kept for hire (see sense A. 4), as hackney-boat, hackney cart, hackney vehicle, etc.See also hackney cab n., hackney carriage n., hackney chair n., hackney chariot n. at Compounds 5, hackney coach n.

ΚΠ

1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 130. ¶4 The..Hackney-boat, which carries Passengers from Leiden to Amsterdam.

1791 J. Payne Universal Geogr. I. 185/2 The hackrees, or hackney vehicles for the hire of the public, are drawn by oxen.

1825 C. M. Westmacott Eng. Spy I. 382 Expecting to have met with a hackney rattler, but not one was to be found upon the stand.

1893 H. S. Edwards Old & New Paris I. vi. 30/2 Hitherto all the hackney vehicles of Paris had been of one pattern.

?1906 Coll. Ordinances Council of Govt. (Mauritius) 1905 144 The licensing and control of the drivers and conductors of..hackney-carts or any other vehicles intended to be let to or to carry the public.

2008 M. Massey Mad Kestrel xi. 115 A hackney boat was rowing out to her.

C5.

hackney chariot n. a horse-drawn carriage, esp. one kept for hire (now historical and archaic).

ΚΠ

1687 R. Crouch Hist. Nine Worthies 81 Upon an expedition he [sc. Caesar] would go fifty Leagues a day in a Hackney Chariot.

1764 tr. J. P. de Limbourg New Amusem. German Spa I. vii. 205 There are..three hackney chariots, or coaches, for those who chuse them.

1813–14 Act 54 Geo. III c. 147 (title) An Act..for authorizing the licensing of a limited Number of Hackney Chariots.

1861 C. Dickens Great Expectations III. vi. 86 I made the best of my way to Fleet-street, and there got a late hackney chariot.

1935 Spectator 15 Mar. 434/2 The book's racy background of London life—the taverns and the coffee shops and the hackney chariots.

1989 C. Palliser Quincunx iii. 405 We travelled back in another hackney-chariot.

hackney horse n. (a) a horse for hire; = sense A. 1b (now historical); (b) a horse for general riding; = sense A. 1a.

ΚΠ

1473–5 in Cal. Proc. Chancery Queen Elizabeth (1827) I. p. ci (MED) William Bowman..hired xxx hakney horses for the conveiaunce of the ambassitours of Fraunce to the see coste.

1511 Pylgrymage Richarde Guylforde (Pynson) f. lvi^v The next daye Tewysday..we toke our sayd hakney horses and rode to vyncencia.

1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 281 Caballus seemeth to be deriued from the Greeke word Caballes, which was a common name for ordinary Hackney-horsses.

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. vii. 150/1 Hackney, or Saddle Horses, are such as man useth to ride upon for the ease of his Body.

1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 509. ⁋8 Mr. Tobias Hobson..was the first in this island who let out hackney horses.

1891 Scotsman 14 Jan. 9/4 It was hackney carriages that were meant by the Act, but not hackney horses.

1948 Life 7 June 94/2 His father..was a prolific writer on horse shows and a great authority on the hackney horse.

1995 T. C. Barker & D. Gerhold Rise & Rise of Road Transport, 1700–1990 (new ed.) 41 Carriers had once had an important role in passenger transport,..hiring out hackney horses.

2014 East Anglian Daily Times (Nexis) 20 Nov. An oil portrait of a Hackney horse..sold for £21,440.

† hackney lame adj. Obsolete rare (perhaps) as lame as a hackney horse.In the 1679 edition punctuated as hackney, lame, and founder'd, so that hackney is taken in N.E.D. (1898) as an adjective.

ΚΠ

a1625 J. Fletcher Women Pleas'd i. i, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Dddddd/1 Law..Her rules, and precepts hung with gawdes and ribbondes, And pamper'd up to cousen him that bought her, When she her selfe was hackney lame and founder'd.

† hackney woman n. Obsolete rare a woman who obtains a prostitute for a client; a procuress.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > prostitution > [noun] > pimping or procuring > procurer of either sex > procuress

butcheressa1475

stew1552

bawdress1569

brokeress1582

pander1585

abbess1594

aunt1604

panderess1604

hackney womanc1616

bronstrops1617

procuress1638

provincialc1640

fruit-woman1673

flesh-broker1699

broker-woman1723

commode1725

coupleress1864

hack1864

procureuse1930

c1616 R. C. Times' Whistle (1871) vi. 2720 Olde hackny women, they hire out their jades.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

hackneyv.

Brit.

/ˈhakni/, U.S.

/ˈhækni/

Forms: see hackney n. and adj.; also 1500s–1800s hacknied (past participle), 1500s hackneid (past participle), 1600s hacknei'd (past participle).

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: hackney n.

Etymology: < hackney n.

†1.

a. transitive. To use (a horse) as a hackney, for general-purpose riding (see hackney n. 1a). Also occasionally intransitive: to serve as a hackney. Cf. hack v.³ 2a. Obsolete.In quot. 1575 the context is intentionally opaque.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > transport > riding on horse (or other animal) > ride (a horse or other animal) [verb (transitive)] > use (a horse) for general riding

hackney1575

hack1891

1575 R. B. Apius & Virginia sig. Div^v Hap was hyred to hackney in hempstrid, In hazard he was of riding on beamestrid.

1577 R. Stanyhurst Treat. Descr. Irelande ii. f. 9^v/1, in R. Holinshed Chron. I These horses are but for skirmishes, not for traueilyng, for their stomackes are such, as they disdaine to be hacknied.

1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius iii. f. 494^v Outrydden Iades pampered vp in fleshe,..being otherwise..vnprofitable and vnapt to hackney and to draw.

1848 A. B. Evans Leicestershire Words (at cited word) He'll do very well to drive, but he's not any longer safe to hackney.

1919 Jrnl. Royal United Service Inst. 64 723 The best hunters in the world will very often be the most awful brutes when you come to hackney them.

b. transitive. figurative and in figurative contexts: to treat or use (a person or thing) as a hackney. Also occasionally intransitive. Frequently in passive. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > working > [verb (transitive)] > set (person) to work > as a hireling

hackneya1586

a1586 Sir P. Sidney Astrophel & Stella (1591) 43 Gallens adopted sonnes, who by a beaten way Their iudgements hackney on, the fault of [later edd. on] sicknes lay.

1648 Case for City-spectacles 13 If the people had been of one mind, they would never have suffered themselves to be hackneyed from one stage to another; First they fight only for Religion, then they must change saddles.

1650 Man in Moon No. 51. 386 These super-Diabolists..can hackney the Deity at pleasure.

1661 E. Willan Beatitas Britanniae 38 Rome was never worse hacknied, then when Ignoble Vpstarts mounted the saddle of Imperial Command.

1727 A. Pope Let. 16 Oct. in Corr. (1956) II. 453 Ill, and vicious habits, of which few or no men escape the Infection, who are hackney'd and tramelled in the ways of a Court.

1837 Blackwood's Mag. 41 277/2 The lacqueys and offcasts of every party,..hackneyed or spit upon, as the caprice or expediency of the moment prevailed.

a. transitive. To overuse or make too familiar; (hence) to make trite, banal, or uninteresting, esp. through indiscriminate use. Also with out, about. Frequently in passive. Cf. hackneyed adj. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > bad taste > lack of refinement > deprive of refinement [verb (transitive)] > vulgarize

hackney1598

vulgarize1756

plebeianize1841

plebify1867

plebificate1869

kitsch1951

the mind > emotion > suffering > feeling of weariness or tedium > be or become wearied or bored with [verb (transitive)] > make trite or banal

hackney1598

commonplace1847

platitudinize1917

pedestrianize1945

banalize1949

the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > do habitually [verb (transitive)] > render (a thing) habitual > make commonplace

hackney1598

vulgarize1709

commonplace1847

pedestrianize1945

banalize1949

1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 iii. ii. 40 So common hackneid in the eyes of men.

1740 C. Cibber Apol. Life C. Cibber iv. 56 Plays come to be so..hackney'd out to the Common People..the best Actors will soon feel that the Town has enough of them.

1776 S. J. Pratt Observ. Night Thoughts Dr. Young xiv. 201 I once more mark our Author's hackneying a word.

1787 ‘G. Gambado’ Acad. Horsemen Pref. p. vi I have had some difficulty in fixing upon a title for my work: A Vade Mecum is quite hacknied out.

1817 W. Irving Let. 23 Dec. in Life & Lett. (1862) I. 326 I should not like to have my name hackneyed about among the office-seekers and office-givers at Washington.

1869 E. M. Goulburn Pursuit of Holiness viii. 71 Like a popular air..hackneyed upon every street-organ.

1961 J. N. Findlay Values & Intentions vi. 248 It is not merely we who blunt our aesthetic sensibilities by hackneying nature and art.

1998 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 26 Jan. 14 Who could have thought that the piece hackneyed by so many brass bands and student pianists..could command such stately but simple pathos.

†b. transitive. In passive. With in. Chiefly depreciative. Of a person: to be made practised or experienced in something; to be habituated to something. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > do habitually [verb (transitive)] > accustom (a person) > adapt to circumstances > familiarize a person with a thing > render (a person) familiarized or experienced

practicc1550

hackney1745

1745 D. Fordyce Dialogues conc. Educ. I. viii. 180 What forms the Quack, the supple Courtier, and the sham Patriot, but the Train of Dissimulation in which they have been hackneyed?

1751 T. Smollett Peregrine Pickle IV. xcix. 72 Hackneyed as he was in the ways of life.

1801 M. Edgeworth Good French Governess in Moral Tales V. 11 Hacknied in the common language of conversation.

1810 J. Porter Sc. Chiefs IV. vii. 209 Long hacknied in secret gallantries.

1838 E. Bulwer-Lytton Alice I. i. vii. 55 Persons a little hackneyed in the world.

†c. transitive. To make (a person, a person's mind, etc.) less sensitive or delicate; to blunt or coarsen (a person's sensibilities). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > bad taste > lack of refinement > deprive of refinement [verb (transitive)]

unpolish1748

unrefine1771

hackney1785

mechanicalize1818

1785 R. Graves Eugenius II. v. 28 Young men..who have been hackneyed from their very infancy in some of our public seminaries.

1792 M. Wollstonecraft Vindic. Rights Woman vi. 268 To despise the sensibility that had been excited and hackneyed in the ways of women whose trade was vice.

1808 Edinb. Rev. Jan. 452 Employments which hackney the minds of the other sex.

1853 A. Atkins Colonel II. i. 18 A mind hackneyed by the knowledge of levity and misdeeds.

†3. transitive. To offer (something) in exchange for money; to offer for hire. Also: to prostitute (a person). Also with out. Occasionally reflexive. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > selling > hiring or letting out > hire or rent out [verb (transitive)]

let909

hirec1384

rentc1447

to let out1526

locatec1580

wage1590

to farm outa1593

hackney1608

to set out1614

ablocate1623

job1726

to hire out1776

to set off1799

1608 G. Wilkins Painfull Adventures Pericles xi. sig. I4^v I was..brought by them to this Citty, and sold to haue beene hackneyd by a common Bawde.

1622 T. Dekker & P. Massinger Virgin Martir ii. sig. E2 I know women sell themselues dayly, and are hacknied out for siluer.

1644 G. Wild Serm. preached 3rd March St. Maries Oxf. 11 Could they have the heart to hackny out this Kingdome.

c1736 R. Savage Poet's Dependance 26 No will to hackney out polemic strain.

1764 D. E. Baker Compan. to Play-house II. sig. R5^v/2 Dr. Hill..has Talents, but..either greatly misapplied them, or most miserably hackney'd them out.

1775–6 W. Petty Let. in R. Price Corr. (1994) III. 348 I..am ready to hackney myself, as long as there is the remotest prospect of bringing the Subject forward.

†4. transitive (in passive). To be hurried or rushed; to be driven hard. Also intransitive: to hurry at something. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > move swiftly [verb (intransitive)]

lakeOE

flyOE

runOE

scour13..

jace1393

hie1398

spina1400

fleetc1400

glentc1400

stripc1400

suea1450

carryc1450

speed1488

scud1532

streek1598

winga1616

to clip it1616

hackney1617

swifta1618

whirryc1630

dust1673

whew1684

race1702

stroke1735

cut1797

spank1807

skid1815

speela1818

crack1824

skimmer1824

slap1827

clip1832

skeet1838

marvel1841

lick1850

travel1850

rush1852

zip1852

sail1876

rabbit1887

move1906

high-tail1908

to ball the jack1914

buzz1914

shift1922

giddap1938

burn1942

hoosh1943

bomb1966

shred1977

the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > swift movement in specific manner > move or cause to move swiftly in specific manner [verb (transitive)] > direct (one's way or steps) with haste > cause to move with haste

i-fuseOE

speeda1325

hastec1330

hasty?a1425

hasten?1537

press1611

hackney1617

scurry1850

shoot1895

1617 J. Moore Mappe Mans Mortal. iii. iii. 201 The minutes that hackney at the heeles of time, runne not so fast away as doth this world with his pleasures.

1631 F. Quarles Hist. Samson 10 How are thy Angells hacknei'd up and downe To visit man?

1781 W. Cowper Retirem. 1 Hackneyed in business, wearied at that oar.

1785 W. Hutton Journey from Birmingham to London 192 I had..paid two shillings for a ticket, been hackneyed through the rooms with violence..and came away compleatly disappointed.

†5.

a. transitive. In passive. To be transported on a hackney (hackney n. 1a). Obsolete. rare.In quot. with punning allusion to sense 1a.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > transport > riding on horse (or other animal) > ride (a horse or other animal) [verb (transitive)] > provide with mount(s) > of specific kind

hackney1636

1636 P. Massinger Great Duke of Florence iv. i. sig. G3^v A Coach for my mony! and that the Curtezans know well, Their riding so, makes them last three yeares longer Then such as are hacknei'd.

b. transitive. to hackney it: to ride on a hackney (hackney n. 1), or in a hackney carriage. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1684 ‘Philo Pater’ Observ. Reproved 6 He..must Trudge on Ten-Toes or Hackney it to Sams Coffee-House.

1694 R. Franck Northern Mem. 83 To which place [sc. Dumbarton] it is now but one days Journy, nor need we hackney it at more than an ordinary rate.

c. transitive. In passive. With adverb. To be transported in a hackney carriage. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > transport by vehicles plying for hire > [verb (transitive)] > convey in hackney cab

hackney1763

1763 A. Sutherland Attempts Antient Med. Doctr. I. iii. i. 225 Sir Willoughby Aston..was hackney [sic; 1764 hackneyed] away to Tunbridge-wells by an eminent physician.

1785 W. Cowper Task ii. 79 To her who..Is hackney'd home unlacquey'd.

Derivatives

† hackneyer n. Obsolete a person who overuses a phrase, joke, etc., or makes something trite or unoriginal; cf. sense 2a.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > saying, maxim, adage > self-evident truth, axiom > [noun] > trite saying, commonplace > user of

commonplace man1627

commonplacer1731

hackneyer1779

1779 Westm. Mag. 7 17/1 Polonius is..not the hackneyer of stale jests and tiresome see-saws.

1849 J. Wilson Christopher under Canvass in Blackwood's Mag. 66 254 Every hackneyer of this phrase.

1901 Sat. Rev. 20 July 76/1 The great army of designers so-called, better described as hackneyers and makers-down of design.

ˈhackneying (a) n. the action of hackney v. (in various senses); †(b) adj. (of authorship) that is paid for by an editor or publisher (obsolete rare). [The form hackning in quot. 1609 apparently shows assimilatory loss of the medial syllable.]

ΚΠ

1609 S. Rowlands Whole Crew Kind Gossips sig. C^v Whores, That..liue by hackning put themselues to hire.

1755 J. Shebbeare Lydia II. l. 179 Much Hackneying creates Cunning in Whores and Horses.

1801 R. Southey Let. 27 Nov. in Select. from Lett. (1856) I. 181 He begins to discover that hackneying authorship is not the way to be great.

1999 A. W. Lee Painting on Left vii. 210 The hackneying of indigenous culture for mass consumption.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	hackney
释义	hackneyn.adj. Brit. /ˈhakni/, U.S. /ˈhækni/ Forms: Middle English hackeney, Middle English hakenai, Middle English hakenay, Middle English hakene (in compounds), Middle English hakenes (plural), Middle English hakeneye, Middle English hakeneyes (plural), Middle English hakkenay, Middle English haknay, Middle English hakneis (plural), Middle English haknes (plural), Middle English hakneye, Middle English haukeney, Middle English haykenay, late Middle English haque (probably transmission error), Middle English–1500s hakeney, Middle English–1600s hackenay, Middle English–1600s hakney, Middle English– hackney, 1500s hackene (in compounds), 1500s hackeneie, 1500s hackeneyes (plural), 1500s hackenie, 1500s hackeny, 1500s hacknaye, 1500s hacknei, 1500s hackneis (plural), 1500s hackness (plural), 1500s hacqne, 1500s hacqueneye, 1500s hacqueny, 1500s–1600s hackneies (plural), 1500s–1600s hackneye, 1500s–1600s hacknie, 1500s–1600s hacney, 1500s–1700s hacknies (plural), 1500s–1700s hackny, 1600s hacny, 1600s hacqueney, 1800s ackney; also Scottish pre-1700 hacquenay, pre-1700 haiknay, pre-1700 haiknes (plural), pre-1700 haikney, pre-1700 hakna, pre-1700 haknay, pre-1700 halknais (plural), pre-1700 halknay, pre-1700 haquenay, pre-1700 hauknay, pre-1700 hawknay; N.E.D. (1898) also records a form Middle English haukenay. Origin: Probably from a proper name. Etymon: proper name Hackney. Etymology: Probably < the name of Hackney, formerly a village in Middlesex (now a borough in London; 1198 as Hakeneia , 1236 as Hakeneye ), probably with reference to supply of horses from the surrounding meadows. The word is found from the early decades of the 14th cent. in Anglo-Norman, and quot. 1299 at sense A. 1a (and several similar examples from Latin documents of c1300) could theoretically show the Anglo-Norman rather than the Middle English word. However, the word is not found outside England until somewhat later, and the early pattern of attestation (and in particular the word's absence from earlier Anglo-Norman texts) probably argues more in favour of an origin in Middle English than in Anglo-Norman. See also quot. 1286 at hack n.² for an indication of very slightly earlier currency in Middle English.Compare Anglo-Norman hakeney, hakenei, hakeneye, hakené, hakenay, hakenaye, haknay, etc. (early 14th cent.), Middle French haguenee, haquenee, hacquenee (mid 14th cent.; an apparent Old French attestation survives only in a 15th-cent. manuscript in which it probably shows a later interpolation), post-classical Latin hakeneius (frequently from 1291 in British sources). Compare also (probably all ultimately < English via French) Middle Dutch hackeneye, hackenye (Dutch hakkenei), Spanish hacanea (1490), Portuguese facanéia (15th cent.), hacanéia (17th cent.), Italian chinea (a1492), and probably likewise also Middle French haque (1457), Catalan aca, Spanish jaca, †haca (c1400). A. n. 1. a. A horse used for general-purpose riding. In later use: spec. a horse of a medium-sized breed characterized by strength, stamina, and a high-stepping trotting action, now frequently shown competitively, esp. in harness events; such horses considered collectively as a breed. Cf. hack n.² 1b. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > horse defined by purpose used for > [noun] > for riding road horseOE hackney1299 rouncyc1300 mounturec1400 hackney horse1473 steed1597 Galloway1598 roussin1602 naggon1630 saddle horse1647 sit-horse?1652 rider1698 saddle mare1707 hack1737 hack horse1760 ride1787 Bucephalus1799 steed-horse1842 mount1856 saddler1888 saddle seat1895 1299 in C. M. Woolgar Househ. Accts. Medieval Eng. (1992) I. 166 In expensis Lakoc cum uno hakeney conducto de Lond' usque Canterbire pro tapetis cariandis ii s. c1330 (?c1300) Bevis of Hampton (Auch.) 1255 Ac nim a liȝter hakenai & lef her þe swerd Morgelai. c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Canon's Yeoman's Tale (Ellesmere) (1875) l. 559 His hakeney which þat was al pomely grys. a1450 Partonope of Blois (Univ. Coll. Oxf.) (1912) l. 6828 A hakeney That ys Swyft and ryght well ambelyng. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VI f. clxv^v The erle of Shrewesbury..because of his age, rode on a litle hakeney. 1577 R. Stanyhurst Treat. Descr. Irelande ii. f. 9^v/1, in R. Holinshed Chron. I The nagge or the hackney [1587 hackeneie] is very good for trauelling. 1653 H. Cogan tr. F. M. Pinto Voy. & Adventures xl. 160 Pages, mounted on white Hackneys, having green velvet Saddles. 1678 S. Butler Hudibras: Third Pt. iii. i. 24 Mounted on a Broom, the Nag And Hackney of a Lapland Hag. 1762 Diary of Events 40 in Yearly Chron. A person at Leeds..rode his common hackney, from thence to Hull, and back again,..in 19 hours and 22 minutes. 1791 J. Byng Diary 24 June in Torrington Diaries (1935) II. 332 My mare..will never have the active, compact pace of an hackney. 1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe I. ii. 25 He rode..a strong hackney for the road, to save his gallant war-horse. 1831 W. Youatt Horse iv. 36 The hackney has many of the qualities of the hunter on a small scale. 1904 E. Phillpotts Amer. Prisoner i. 7 The visitor rode a stout hackney lent by his host. 1951 Billboard 24 Nov. 64/3 They presented hackneys, gaited horses, thorobred hunters and jumpers. 2009 F. Lynghaug Official Horse Breeds Standards Guide vi. 594/1 The Hackney originated in Norfolk, England, where horses called Norfolk Trotters had been selectively bred for elegant style and speed. b. A horse used for hire. Cf. hackney horse n. at Compounds 5. Now historical and rare. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > horse defined by purpose used for > [noun] > hired or for hire hackneyc1400 hackney horse1473 job1740 job horse1748 hack horse1760 c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. iii. l. 175 (MED) Ac hakeneyes hadde þei none bote hakeneyes to hyre. c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure l. 484 (MED) Þey..Hyres þem hakenayes hastyly þereaftyre. 1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue i. xi. sig. E^v Hakney men saie, at mangy hakneys hyer A scalde hors is good ynough for a scabde squier. 1626 J. Mede Let. 3 June in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1824) 1st Ser. III. 231 Divers in Town got hacknies, and fled to avoid importunity. 1681 London Gaz. No. 1624/4 There was a Brown Nag left by them, supposed to be a London-Hackney. 1715 D. Defoe Family Instructor I. i. iv. 88 I'll take a Hackney, and go to the Mall. 1781 H. P. Wyndham Tour through Monmouthshire & Wales (ed. 2) 140 We..had traversed a mountainous country for the space of 167 miles upon Welsh hackneys, hired from place to place. 1851 T. H. Turner Some Acct. Domest. Archit. I. iii. 121 These ten panniers were put across the backs of five hackneys; supplied of course by the companies of hackneymen established along the road. 1967 J. Crofts Packhorse, Waggon & Post x. 63 Chaucer in his Prologue..mentions no hackneys, branded or unbranded. 2000 D. Webb Pilgrimage Medieval Eng. ix. 228 Richard II regulated the cost of the hire of ‘hackneys’ on the road from London via Rochester and Canterbury to Dover. †c. figurative. A person or thing likened to a hackney horse. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > importance > unimportance > [noun] > one who is unimportant > puppet or toy hackneya1500 toy1573 creature1587 puppet1592 motion1602 baublea1616 plaything1680 dummy1866 the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > instrumentality > [noun] > (a) means keyOE toolc1000 wherewithc1230 ministerc1380 meanc1390 instrumenta1425 organ?a1425 mesne1447 moyen1449 handlec1450 hackneya1500 receipta1500 operative1526 ingine1531 appliance1555 agent1579 matter1580 mids1581 wedge1581 wherewithal1583 shoeing-horn1587 engine1589 instrumental1598 Roaring Meg1598 procurement1601 organy1605 vehicle1615 vehiculuma1617 executioner1646 facility1652 operatory1660 instrumentality1663 expedient1665 agency1684 bladea1713 mechanic1924 mechanism1924 a1500 (a1400) Sir Cleges (Adv.) (1930) l. 251 He hade non hors..But a staffe was hys hakenay, As a man in pouerte. a1529 J. Skelton Manerly Margery in Poet. Wks. (1843) I. 28 I am no hakney for your rode. 1593 Passionate Morrice sig. C2 Neighbourly loue is made a hacknie, being so worne to the bones. 1600 T. Dekker Shomakers Holiday sig. B3^v Take him braue men, Hector of Troy was an hackney to him. 1698 F. B. Free but Modest Censure 26 His Criticism is again a hackney to his private Belief and Opinion. 1738 A. Pope One Thousand Seven Hundred & Thirty Eight Dialogue II 10 Each spur-gall'd Hackney of the Day. 1796 Polit. Dramatist House of Commons 1795 (ed. 2) 15 Better be with the mob; their fancies cheat; By human Hackneys dragg'd from street to street. 1821 Mem. Man of Fashion I. vi. 237 His flights of fancy have been tamed; he has become the meekest hackney of a royal stable. †2. A person who does or is employed to do menial or servile work; a drudge; a lackey. Cf. hack n.² 4a. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to conditions > [noun] > hireling hireling1535 hackney1546 journeyman1548 coolie1622 mercedary1656 hack1699 hiree1811 1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue i. xi. sig. Cii^v Whan ought was to do, I was common hackney. 1584 R. Scot Disc. Diuels & Spirits x, in Discouerie Witchcraft 505 Archangels..are sent onelie about great and secret matters; and angels are common hacknies about euerie trifle. 1668 S. Pepys Diary 11 Feb. (1976) IX. 62 Which makes me mad that I should by my place become the hackney of this Office, in perpetual trouble and vexation. 1669 Addr. Hopeful Young Gentry 8 The Idle person is the only common Hackney, and..stands ready to let out himself Post. c1699 T. Ellwood in Hist. Life (1714) Suppl. 442 A mercenary Hackney to some of the Clergy. 1785 W. Cowper Tirocinium in Task 325 Such is all the mental food purvey'd By public hacknies in the schooling trade. View more context for this quotation †3. derogatory. A prostitute. Cf. hack n.² 5. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > prostitution > [noun] > a prostitute meretrixOE whoreOE soiled dovea1250 common womanc1330 putec1384 bordel womanc1405 putaina1425 brothelc1450 harlot?a1475 public womanc1510 naughty pack?1529 draba1533 cat1535 strange woman1535 stew1552 causey-paikera1555 putanie?1566 drivelling1570 twigger1573 punka1575 hackney1579 customer1583 commodity1591 streetwalker1591 traffic1591 trug1591 hackster1592 polecat1593 stale1593 mermaid1595 medlar1597 occupant1598 Paphian1598 Winchester goose1598 pagan1600 hell-moth1602 aunt1604 moll1604 prostitution1605 community1606 miss1606 night-worm1606 bat1607 croshabell1607 prostitute1607 pug1607 venturer1607 nag1608 curtal1611 jumbler1611 land-frigate1611 walk-street1611 doll-common1612 turn-up1612 barber's chaira1616 commonera1616 public commonera1616 trader1615 venturea1616 stewpot1616 tweak1617 carry-knave1623 prostibule1623 fling-dusta1625 mar-taila1625 night-shadea1625 waistcoateera1625 night trader1630 coolera1632 meretrician1631 painted ladya1637 treadle1638 buttock1641 night-walker1648 mob?1650 lady (also girl, etc.) of the game1651 lady of pleasure1652 trugmullion1654 fallen woman1659 girlc1662 high-flyer1663 fireship1665 quaedama1670 small girl1671 visor-mask1672 vizard-mask1672 bulker1673 marmalade-madam1674 town miss1675 town woman1675 lady of the night1677 mawks1677 fling-stink1679 Whetstone whore1684 man-leech1687 nocturnal1693 hack1699 strum1699 fille de joie1705 market-dame1706 screw1725 girl of (the) town1733 Cytherean1751 street girl1764 monnisher1765 lady of easy virtue1766 woman (also lady) of the town1766 kennel-nymph1771 chicken1782 stargazer1785 loose fish1809 receiver general1811 Cyprian1819 mollya1822 dolly-mop1834 hooker1845 charver1846 tail1846 horse-breaker1861 professional1862 flagger1865 cocodette1867 cocotte1867 queen's woman1871 common prostitute1875 joro1884 geisha1887 horizontal1888 flossy1893 moth1896 girl of the pavement1900 pross1902 prossie1902 pusher1902 split-arse mechanic1903 broad1914 shawl1922 bum1923 quiff1923 hustler1924 lady of the evening1924 prostie1926 working girl1928 prostisciutto1930 maggie1932 brass1934 brass nail1934 mud kicker1934 scupper1935 model1936 poule de luxe1937 pro1937 chromo1941 Tom1941 pan-pan1949 twopenny upright1958 scrubber1959 slack1959 yum-yum girl1960 Suzie Wong1962 mattress1964 jamette1965 ho1966 sex worker1971 pavement princess1976 parlour girl1979 crack whore1990 1579 S. Gosson Apol. Schoole of Abuse in Ephemerides Phialo f. 83 Venus..that taught the women in Cyprus to set vp a Stewes, too hyre out them selues as hackneies for gaine. 1593 T. Nashe Christs Teares f. 80 When the hackney he hath payde for lyes by him. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Bringuenaudée, a common hackney. 1679 Bp. G. Burnet tr. N. Sanders in Hist. Reformation: 1st Pt. App. 278 She was so notoriously lewd, that she was called an Hackney. 1774 E. Capell Notes & Var. Readings Shakespeare I. 39/2 Yon' ribald nag of Egypt, Meaning, indeed,—brazen hackney: and calling her so..by reason of her forwardness and her prostitutions. 1787 J. Morgan Attorney's Vade Mecum I. 140 Thou art John's hackney, thou art a thieving whore, a pocky whore. 4. A horse-drawn carriage which is let out for hire; = hackney coach n. Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicles (plying) for hire > [noun] > hackney carriage hackney coach1618 hell-cart1623 hackney1664 hack1692 fiacre1699 hackney carriage1735 dilly1805 street coach1818 jarvey1819 cab1822 hackney cab1832 gurney1884 cabriolet1907 1664 S. Pepys Diary 18 Apr. (1971) V. 126 Myself, being in a hackney and full of people, was ashamed to be seen by the world, many of them knowing me. 1727 M. Delany Autobiogr. & Corr. (1861) I. 141 We were in no bustle of coaches, for no hackneys were allowed to pass. 1769 D. Hayes Wks. in Verse 29 City Wives in Hackneys crowd the Strand. 1824 J. Wight Mornings at Bow St. 118 It went round like the hind wheel of an ackney—rowling and rowling, your honour. 1897 Harper's Weekly 23 Jan. 77/2 Cooke..would jump into a hackney and be driven to Covent Garden. 1997 L. Picard Restoration London viii. 147 To hire a hackney cost a minimum of 1s, plus a negotiated charge. 2004 J. A. Lansdowne Just Impossible xiii. 254 Temple was stepping out of the hackney and paying the driver. B. adj. Of an expression, phrase, etc.: stale or tired through indiscriminate use; overused; banal; hackneyed (now somewhat rare). Formerly also: †usual, frequent (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the past > oldness or ancientness > [adjective] > old-fashioned or antiquated > stale, trite, or hackneyed stale1550 cock-crowen1577 hackney1590 threadbare1598 worn-out1713 hackish1868 thread-worn1888 timeworn1901 old hat1949 connect-the-dots1971 join-the-dots1988 1590 R. Harvey Theol. Disc. Lamb of God 119 There remayneth yet a monstrous and a craftie antichristian practisser.., he is..a poste vpon hackney sillogismes to haue silly ones geue him the way. 1663 J. Allington Period of Grand Conspiracy Ep. Ded. sig. A3 It seems somewhat uncouth to make any manner of Apology..; and therefore I shall not make use of that Hackny Stale..Importunity of Friends. 1714 J. Walker Attempt Acct. Sufferings Clergy Church of Eng. i. 82/2 The most common, and Hackney Charge in this kind, was Tavern-haunting and Common Swearing. 1741 W. Warburton Divine Legation Moses II. App. 37 One of his hackney Fallacies that run from one End of the Book to the other. 1792 W. Boys Coll. Hist. Sandwich 293 (note) The hackney-imputations of drunkeness and swearing. 1827 N.-Y. Mirror 10 Nov. 139/2 Avoid hackney expressions. 1887 E. Reich Hist. Civilization 22 The word ‘Institution’ is a very usual word, a hackney expression used and applied in the wear and tear of every day's talk. 1918 U.S. Investor 12 Jan. 59/1 They followed the old hackney phrase of ‘sell on the bulges, and buy on the breaks’. 2012 A. Jesson Mind's Garden (Electronic ed.) He..didn't resort to hackney phrases such as ‘It's all in God's hands’. Compounds C1. Compounds relating to sense A. 1. a. General attributive, as hackney pace, hackney saddle, hackney stable, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > horse defined by purpose used for > [adjective] > of or relating to horse for riding hackney1379 1379 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1898) I. 131 In uno Hakenaysadyll empt., 6s. 8d. 1389 in M. T. Löfvenberg Contrib. Middle Eng. Lexicogr. & Etymol. (1946) 93 (MED) [The] hakeneystables. 1467 in Manners & Househ. Expenses Eng. (1841) 389 A new hakeney sadylle prise, v.s. 1577 R. Willes tr. G. Pereira in R. Willes & R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Hist. Trauayle W. & E. Indies f. 246^v One whole day a horsebacke, going hackney pase. 1659 T. Pecke Parnassi Puerperium 56 What for Hackney-hire, was given you; Was but as Tribute, to your Beauty due. 1754 S. Foote Knights i. 18 That Year the Hackney Stable was built. 1809 Brit. Press 5 Apr. A bright bay mare... Although only of hackney size, she is an animal of great performance. 1872 Farmer's Mag. Apr. 300/1 Outsiders..all go for something in the hunter or hackney style. 1969 J. E. C. Peters Devel. of Farm Buildings v. 118 Hackney stables adjoining a waggon stable with attached feed rooms. 1998 R. Parker Equine Sci. vi. 148 Heavy harness trot and hackney trot are high-stepping gaits. b. Appositive, as hackney mare, hackney stallion, hackney stud, etc. ΚΠ 1578 T. Lupton All for Money sig. D.ii^v She may be verie glad that on thee her goods did spare That would let her foorth to be the deuils hacknie mare. 1600 J. Pory tr. J. Leo Africanus Geogr. Hist. Afr. i. 25 Their horses of the countrey-breed are..small hackney-iades. 1670 J. Dryden & W. Davenant Shakespeare's Tempest iv. 64 Syc. How wilt thou carry me thither? Steph. Upon a Hackney-Devil of thy Mothers. 1784 T. Holcroft tr. Foucher d'Obsonville Philos. Ess. Foreign Animals 253 One of the breeds [of Horses]..is called Hatik; it is produced from hackney mares..called Kucdich and Blood-stallions. 1808 Monthly Mag. Apr. 197/1 Like hackney post-horses, fed with beans. 1883 H. Jennings Childishness & Brutality of Time ii. 38 That Literature should be treated thus, as a hackney steed..,—as a horse which anyone can mount..—is monstrous. 1884 (title) Hackney stud book. 1916 Field Dec. 1022/2 Judge Moore's champion hackney mare, Lady Seaton, considered by many experts to be the greatest mare of the breed. 1995 B. L. Hendricks Internat. Encycl. Horse Breeds 209/2 Two men who gave the area of East Riding its name as one of the homes of the Hackney breed. 2005 J. H. Dutson Storey's Illustr. Guide 96 Horse Breeds N. Amer. 123/1 Hackney stallions are still crossed on other breeds to improve substance, motion, and endurance. c. attributive. Designating an animal kept for hire in the manner of a hackney horse, as hackney ass, hackney mule, etc. ΚΠ 1600 J. Pory tr. J. Leo Africanus Geogr. Hist. Afr. viii. 303 Great store of hackney-mules, and asses are kept for trauellers to ride vpon. a1701 H. Maundrell Journey Aleppo to Jerusalem (1703) 128 Here are Hackney Asses always standing ready equipp'd for hire. 1753 T. Blackwell Mem. Court Augustus II. vi. 79 Ventidius from keeping hackney-Mules, was mounted, in Cesar's place, to the highest Magistracy. 1845 Traveller's Mag. June 22 Two or three hackney camels, with their Arab attendants, would appear among the donkeys for hire. 1857 C. Oscanyan Sultan & his People iv. 89 May your transmuted soul become in hell a hackney ass. 1969 E. J. B. Allen Diplomatic Courier in Europe (PhD. Thesis, Brigham Young University) viii. 233 Post horses were not to be had in Madrid, so he had to ride hackney mules as far as Bayonne. C2. Compounds relating to sense A. 2. a. attributive and appositive, with the sense ‘that is hired, is available for hire, or that sells his or her services for material gain’ (see sense A. 2), as hackney author, hackney clerk, hackney scribbler, hackney writer, etc.In extended use in quots. 1590, 1681. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > buying > hiring or renting > [adjective] > hired > that may be hired hackney1590 conductitious1607 hackneyed1651 hireable1862 1590 R. Harvey Plaine Percevall sig. B2^v Is it conscience or lucre, that spurgals thy hackney pen? 1591 R. W. Martine Mar-Sixtus sig. A4 Our hackney authors..care not how sweetely, but how loudely they cry. 1660 A. Wood Life & Times (1891) I. 361 There were some hackney preachers in the University at this time. 1681 E. Hickeringill Vindic. Naked Truth 7 A glib Hackney-Tongue he had in his head. 1711 A. Pope Ess. Crit. 25 Some starv'd Hackny Sonneteer. 1714 J. Addison Lover (1723) No. 39. 224 Booksellers, who set their hackney writers at work for so much a sheet. a1797 E. Burke Tracts Popery Laws in Wks. (1842) II. 434/1 As hackney clerks, at the miserable salary of 7s. a week. 1811 Edinb. Ann. Reg. 1809 2 563/2 A low description of hackney scribblers, whose very names tended to throw disrespect upon the employment of reviewers. 1899 Med. Press & Circular 5 July 1/1 Misleading information supplied by speculative biographers and hackney journalists. 1907 Virginia Law Reg. 13 592 One of the clerks of an attorney taught him [to write], and in time he became a good hackney-writer. 1990 W. N. Osborough in D. Hogan & W. N. Osborough Brehons, Serjeants & Attorneys 120 A preponderance of recent entrants were ‘hackney clerks’ and educational attainments..were..depressingly low. 2000 P. Fisher Artful Itineraries ii. 79 Was a critic private or commercial, amateur or professional, an homme de lettres or a hackney journalist? †b. attributive, with the sense ‘that is produced or performed by a hackney’ (see sense A. 2), as hackney job, hackney writing, etc. ΚΠ 1711 B. Mandeville Treat. Hypochondriack & Hysterick Passions 151 By Copying, Hackney-Writing, or some other miserable shift. 1762 St James's Mag. Oct. 107 I must serve some hackney job. 1798 Monthly Mag. 5 366/2 He made himself so expert a writer, that he took in business, and earned some pence by hackney-writing. 1851 Homœopathic Times 12 July 704/1 He doubled his poor hackney-work in literature for money to take him to Vienna. 1859 Atlantic Monthly June 702/2 His genius was too often degraded to the hackney-tasks of booksellers. 2012 M. N. Powell Performing Authorship Eighteenth-cent. Eng. Periodicals iii. 120 Priscilla's overtly sexual speech represents the prostituted aspects of hackney writing. †C3. Appositive (in sense A. 3), as hackney strumpet, hackney whore, etc. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1577 S. Batman Golden Bk. Leaden Goddes f. 19 The second [sister] is called Ocypite A spedy conueyer or filcher, a hackney whore. 1647 R. Stapleton tr. Juvenal Sixteen Satyrs 36 Hackney-wenches, that ith circus stand. 1678 S. Butler Hudibras: Third Pt. iii. i. 52 No more, then every Lover Does, from his Hackney Lady suffer. 1750 M. Clancy Sharper 63 Keep strict Discipline over our hackney Furniture, and punish the least Fault with the most Severity. ?1790 R. King New Cheats of London Exposed 31 I shall..begin with the Hackney-Strumpet, and then proceed gradually to the whore of fashion. C4. attributive. Designating a vehicle kept for hire (see sense A. 4), as hackney-boat, hackney cart, hackney vehicle, etc.See also hackney cab n., hackney carriage n., hackney chair n., hackney chariot n. at Compounds 5, hackney coach n. ΚΠ 1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 130. ¶4 The..Hackney-boat, which carries Passengers from Leiden to Amsterdam. 1791 J. Payne Universal Geogr. I. 185/2 The hackrees, or hackney vehicles for the hire of the public, are drawn by oxen. 1825 C. M. Westmacott Eng. Spy I. 382 Expecting to have met with a hackney rattler, but not one was to be found upon the stand. 1893 H. S. Edwards Old & New Paris I. vi. 30/2 Hitherto all the hackney vehicles of Paris had been of one pattern. ?1906 Coll. Ordinances Council of Govt. (Mauritius) 1905 144 The licensing and control of the drivers and conductors of..hackney-carts or any other vehicles intended to be let to or to carry the public. 2008 M. Massey Mad Kestrel xi. 115 A hackney boat was rowing out to her. C5. hackney chariot n. a horse-drawn carriage, esp. one kept for hire (now historical and archaic). ΚΠ 1687 R. Crouch Hist. Nine Worthies 81 Upon an expedition he [sc. Caesar] would go fifty Leagues a day in a Hackney Chariot. 1764 tr. J. P. de Limbourg New Amusem. German Spa I. vii. 205 There are..three hackney chariots, or coaches, for those who chuse them. 1813–14 Act 54 Geo. III c. 147 (title) An Act..for authorizing the licensing of a limited Number of Hackney Chariots. 1861 C. Dickens Great Expectations III. vi. 86 I made the best of my way to Fleet-street, and there got a late hackney chariot. 1935 Spectator 15 Mar. 434/2 The book's racy background of London life—the taverns and the coffee shops and the hackney chariots. 1989 C. Palliser Quincunx iii. 405 We travelled back in another hackney-chariot. hackney horse n. (a) a horse for hire; = sense A. 1b (now historical); (b) a horse for general riding; = sense A. 1a. ΚΠ 1473–5 in Cal. Proc. Chancery Queen Elizabeth (1827) I. p. ci (MED) William Bowman..hired xxx hakney horses for the conveiaunce of the ambassitours of Fraunce to the see coste. 1511 Pylgrymage Richarde Guylforde (Pynson) f. lvi^v The next daye Tewysday..we toke our sayd hakney horses and rode to vyncencia. 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 281 Caballus seemeth to be deriued from the Greeke word Caballes, which was a common name for ordinary Hackney-horsses. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. vii. 150/1 Hackney, or Saddle Horses, are such as man useth to ride upon for the ease of his Body. 1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 509. ⁋8 Mr. Tobias Hobson..was the first in this island who let out hackney horses. 1891 Scotsman 14 Jan. 9/4 It was hackney carriages that were meant by the Act, but not hackney horses. 1948 Life 7 June 94/2 His father..was a prolific writer on horse shows and a great authority on the hackney horse. 1995 T. C. Barker & D. Gerhold Rise & Rise of Road Transport, 1700–1990 (new ed.) 41 Carriers had once had an important role in passenger transport,..hiring out hackney horses. 2014 East Anglian Daily Times (Nexis) 20 Nov. An oil portrait of a Hackney horse..sold for £21,440. † hackney lame adj. Obsolete rare (perhaps) as lame as a hackney horse.In the 1679 edition punctuated as hackney, lame, and founder'd, so that hackney is taken in N.E.D. (1898) as an adjective. ΚΠ a1625 J. Fletcher Women Pleas'd i. i, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Dddddd/1 Law..Her rules, and precepts hung with gawdes and ribbondes, And pamper'd up to cousen him that bought her, When she her selfe was hackney lame and founder'd. † hackney woman n. Obsolete rare a woman who obtains a prostitute for a client; a procuress. ΘΚΠ society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > prostitution > [noun] > pimping or procuring > procurer of either sex > procuress butcheressa1475 stew1552 bawdress1569 brokeress1582 pander1585 abbess1594 aunt1604 panderess1604 hackney womanc1616 bronstrops1617 procuress1638 provincialc1640 fruit-woman1673 flesh-broker1699 broker-woman1723 commode1725 coupleress1864 hack1864 procureuse1930 c1616 R. C. Times' Whistle (1871) vi. 2720 Olde hackny women, they hire out their jades. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online June 2022). hackneyv. Brit. /ˈhakni/, U.S. /ˈhækni/ Forms: see hackney n. and adj.; also 1500s–1800s hacknied (past participle), 1500s hackneid (past participle), 1600s hacknei'd (past participle). Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: hackney n. Etymology: < hackney n. †1. a. transitive. To use (a horse) as a hackney, for general-purpose riding (see hackney n. 1a). Also occasionally intransitive: to serve as a hackney. Cf. hack v.³ 2a. Obsolete.In quot. 1575 the context is intentionally opaque. ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > riding on horse (or other animal) > ride (a horse or other animal) [verb (transitive)] > use (a horse) for general riding hackney1575 hack1891 1575 R. B. Apius & Virginia sig. Div^v Hap was hyred to hackney in hempstrid, In hazard he was of riding on beamestrid. 1577 R. Stanyhurst Treat. Descr. Irelande ii. f. 9^v/1, in R. Holinshed Chron. I These horses are but for skirmishes, not for traueilyng, for their stomackes are such, as they disdaine to be hacknied. 1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius iii. f. 494^v Outrydden Iades pampered vp in fleshe,..being otherwise..vnprofitable and vnapt to hackney and to draw. 1848 A. B. Evans Leicestershire Words (at cited word) He'll do very well to drive, but he's not any longer safe to hackney. 1919 Jrnl. Royal United Service Inst. 64 723 The best hunters in the world will very often be the most awful brutes when you come to hackney them. b. transitive. figurative and in figurative contexts: to treat or use (a person or thing) as a hackney. Also occasionally intransitive. Frequently in passive. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > working > [verb (transitive)] > set (person) to work > as a hireling hackneya1586 a1586 Sir P. Sidney Astrophel & Stella (1591) 43 Gallens adopted sonnes, who by a beaten way Their iudgements hackney on, the fault of [later edd. on] sicknes lay. 1648 Case for City-spectacles 13 If the people had been of one mind, they would never have suffered themselves to be hackneyed from one stage to another; First they fight only for Religion, then they must change saddles. 1650 Man in Moon No. 51. 386 These super-Diabolists..can hackney the Deity at pleasure. 1661 E. Willan Beatitas Britanniae 38 Rome was never worse hacknied, then when Ignoble Vpstarts mounted the saddle of Imperial Command. 1727 A. Pope Let. 16 Oct. in Corr. (1956) II. 453 Ill, and vicious habits, of which few or no men escape the Infection, who are hackney'd and tramelled in the ways of a Court. 1837 Blackwood's Mag. 41 277/2 The lacqueys and offcasts of every party,..hackneyed or spit upon, as the caprice or expediency of the moment prevailed. 2. a. transitive. To overuse or make too familiar; (hence) to make trite, banal, or uninteresting, esp. through indiscriminate use. Also with out, about. Frequently in passive. Cf. hackneyed adj. 2. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > bad taste > lack of refinement > deprive of refinement [verb (transitive)] > vulgarize hackney1598 vulgarize1756 plebeianize1841 plebify1867 plebificate1869 kitsch1951 the mind > emotion > suffering > feeling of weariness or tedium > be or become wearied or bored with [verb (transitive)] > make trite or banal hackney1598 commonplace1847 platitudinize1917 pedestrianize1945 banalize1949 the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > do habitually [verb (transitive)] > render (a thing) habitual > make commonplace hackney1598 vulgarize1709 commonplace1847 pedestrianize1945 banalize1949 1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 iii. ii. 40 So common hackneid in the eyes of men. View more context for this quotation 1740 C. Cibber Apol. Life C. Cibber iv. 56 Plays come to be so..hackney'd out to the Common People..the best Actors will soon feel that the Town has enough of them. 1776 S. J. Pratt Observ. Night Thoughts Dr. Young xiv. 201 I once more mark our Author's hackneying a word. 1787 ‘G. Gambado’ Acad. Horsemen Pref. p. vi I have had some difficulty in fixing upon a title for my work: A Vade Mecum is quite hacknied out. 1817 W. Irving Let. 23 Dec. in Life & Lett. (1862) I. 326 I should not like to have my name hackneyed about among the office-seekers and office-givers at Washington. 1869 E. M. Goulburn Pursuit of Holiness viii. 71 Like a popular air..hackneyed upon every street-organ. 1961 J. N. Findlay Values & Intentions vi. 248 It is not merely we who blunt our aesthetic sensibilities by hackneying nature and art. 1998 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 26 Jan. 14 Who could have thought that the piece hackneyed by so many brass bands and student pianists..could command such stately but simple pathos. †b. transitive. In passive. With in. Chiefly depreciative. Of a person: to be made practised or experienced in something; to be habituated to something. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > do habitually [verb (transitive)] > accustom (a person) > adapt to circumstances > familiarize a person with a thing > render (a person) familiarized or experienced practicc1550 hackney1745 1745 D. Fordyce Dialogues conc. Educ. I. viii. 180 What forms the Quack, the supple Courtier, and the sham Patriot, but the Train of Dissimulation in which they have been hackneyed? 1751 T. Smollett Peregrine Pickle IV. xcix. 72 Hackneyed as he was in the ways of life. 1801 M. Edgeworth Good French Governess in Moral Tales V. 11 Hacknied in the common language of conversation. 1810 J. Porter Sc. Chiefs IV. vii. 209 Long hacknied in secret gallantries. 1838 E. Bulwer-Lytton Alice I. i. vii. 55 Persons a little hackneyed in the world. †c. transitive. To make (a person, a person's mind, etc.) less sensitive or delicate; to blunt or coarsen (a person's sensibilities). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > bad taste > lack of refinement > deprive of refinement [verb (transitive)] unpolish1748 unrefine1771 hackney1785 mechanicalize1818 1785 R. Graves Eugenius II. v. 28 Young men..who have been hackneyed from their very infancy in some of our public seminaries. 1792 M. Wollstonecraft Vindic. Rights Woman vi. 268 To despise the sensibility that had been excited and hackneyed in the ways of women whose trade was vice. 1808 Edinb. Rev. Jan. 452 Employments which hackney the minds of the other sex. 1853 A. Atkins Colonel II. i. 18 A mind hackneyed by the knowledge of levity and misdeeds. †3. transitive. To offer (something) in exchange for money; to offer for hire. Also: to prostitute (a person). Also with out. Occasionally reflexive. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > selling > hiring or letting out > hire or rent out [verb (transitive)] let909 hirec1384 rentc1447 to let out1526 locatec1580 wage1590 to farm outa1593 hackney1608 to set out1614 ablocate1623 job1726 to hire out1776 to set off1799 1608 G. Wilkins Painfull Adventures Pericles xi. sig. I4^v I was..brought by them to this Citty, and sold to haue beene hackneyd by a common Bawde. 1622 T. Dekker & P. Massinger Virgin Martir ii. sig. E2 I know women sell themselues dayly, and are hacknied out for siluer. 1644 G. Wild Serm. preached 3rd March St. Maries Oxf. 11 Could they have the heart to hackny out this Kingdome. c1736 R. Savage Poet's Dependance 26 No will to hackney out polemic strain. 1764 D. E. Baker Compan. to Play-house II. sig. R5^v/2 Dr. Hill..has Talents, but..either greatly misapplied them, or most miserably hackney'd them out. 1775–6 W. Petty Let. in R. Price Corr. (1994) III. 348 I..am ready to hackney myself, as long as there is the remotest prospect of bringing the Subject forward. †4. transitive (in passive). To be hurried or rushed; to be driven hard. Also intransitive: to hurry at something. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > move swiftly [verb (intransitive)] lakeOE flyOE runOE scour13.. jace1393 hie1398 spina1400 fleetc1400 glentc1400 stripc1400 suea1450 carryc1450 speed1488 scud1532 streek1598 winga1616 to clip it1616 hackney1617 swifta1618 whirryc1630 dust1673 whew1684 race1702 stroke1735 cut1797 spank1807 skid1815 speela1818 crack1824 skimmer1824 slap1827 clip1832 skeet1838 marvel1841 lick1850 travel1850 rush1852 zip1852 sail1876 rabbit1887 move1906 high-tail1908 to ball the jack1914 buzz1914 shift1922 giddap1938 burn1942 hoosh1943 bomb1966 shred1977 the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > swift movement in specific manner > move or cause to move swiftly in specific manner [verb (transitive)] > direct (one's way or steps) with haste > cause to move with haste i-fuseOE speeda1325 hastec1330 hasty?a1425 hasten?1537 press1611 hackney1617 scurry1850 shoot1895 1617 J. Moore Mappe Mans Mortal. iii. iii. 201 The minutes that hackney at the heeles of time, runne not so fast away as doth this world with his pleasures. 1631 F. Quarles Hist. Samson 10 How are thy Angells hacknei'd up and downe To visit man? 1781 W. Cowper Retirem. 1 Hackneyed in business, wearied at that oar. 1785 W. Hutton Journey from Birmingham to London 192 I had..paid two shillings for a ticket, been hackneyed through the rooms with violence..and came away compleatly disappointed. †5. a. transitive. In passive. To be transported on a hackney (hackney n. 1a). Obsolete. rare.In quot. with punning allusion to sense 1a. ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > riding on horse (or other animal) > ride (a horse or other animal) [verb (transitive)] > provide with mount(s) > of specific kind hackney1636 1636 P. Massinger Great Duke of Florence iv. i. sig. G3^v A Coach for my mony! and that the Curtezans know well, Their riding so, makes them last three yeares longer Then such as are hacknei'd. b. transitive. to hackney it: to ride on a hackney (hackney n. 1), or in a hackney carriage. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1684 ‘Philo Pater’ Observ. Reproved 6 He..must Trudge on Ten-Toes or Hackney it to Sams Coffee-House. 1694 R. Franck Northern Mem. 83 To which place [sc. Dumbarton] it is now but one days Journy, nor need we hackney it at more than an ordinary rate. c. transitive. In passive. With adverb. To be transported in a hackney carriage. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > transport by vehicles plying for hire > [verb (transitive)] > convey in hackney cab hackney1763 1763 A. Sutherland Attempts Antient Med. Doctr. I. iii. i. 225 Sir Willoughby Aston..was hackney [sic; 1764 hackneyed] away to Tunbridge-wells by an eminent physician. 1785 W. Cowper Task ii. 79 To her who..Is hackney'd home unlacquey'd. Derivatives † hackneyer n. Obsolete a person who overuses a phrase, joke, etc., or makes something trite or unoriginal; cf. sense 2a. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > saying, maxim, adage > self-evident truth, axiom > [noun] > trite saying, commonplace > user of commonplace man1627 commonplacer1731 hackneyer1779 1779 Westm. Mag. 7 17/1 Polonius is..not the hackneyer of stale jests and tiresome see-saws. 1849 J. Wilson Christopher under Canvass in Blackwood's Mag. 66 254 Every hackneyer of this phrase. 1901 Sat. Rev. 20 July 76/1 The great army of designers so-called, better described as hackneyers and makers-down of design. ˈhackneying (a) n. the action of hackney v. (in various senses); †(b) adj. (of authorship) that is paid for by an editor or publisher (obsolete rare). [The form hackning in quot. 1609 apparently shows assimilatory loss of the medial syllable.] ΚΠ 1609 S. Rowlands Whole Crew Kind Gossips sig. C^v Whores, That..liue by hackning put themselues to hire. 1755 J. Shebbeare Lydia II. l. 179 Much Hackneying creates Cunning in Whores and Horses. 1801 R. Southey Let. 27 Nov. in Select. from Lett. (1856) I. 181 He begins to discover that hackneying authorship is not the way to be great. 1999 A. W. Lee Painting on Left vii. 210 The hackneying of indigenous culture for mass consumption. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.adj.1299v.1575
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