armaturen.
/ˈɑːmətʃ(ʊ)ə/, /ˈɑːmətjʊə/, U.S. /ˈɑrmətʃər/, /ˈɑrməˌtʃʊ(ə)r/ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > armed forces > [noun]
mainOE
strength?a1160
armaturea1450
force1487
ranka1533
armed forces1572
troops1598
military1757
fyrd1832
the services1850
a1450 ( tr. Vegetius De Re Militari (Douce) f. 38v (MED) Þis ordinaunce was cleped þe greet armature [L. armatura], þe whiche had helmes, habergeons and bristplates.
1609 P. Holland tr. Ammianus Marcellinus Rom. Hist. xiv. xi. 26 Captaine of the Armature [L. Armaturarum Tribunus].
1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. v. iii. §8. 449 The Carthaginian Horse, and light Armature, fell vpon the Roman Vant-courrers.
1768 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued II. ii. 275 We mean no attacks either upon your battalion or light armature.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > [noun] > furnishing with
armingc1330
armaturea1450
society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > [noun] > art or science of > of protecting with defensive materials
armaturea1450
a1450 ( tr. Vegetius De Re Militari (Douce) f. 15 (MED) Ȝong kniȝtes owen to be tauȝte and lerned of hem þat ben doctoures and techeres of werkes of werre, hou þei schul fiȝte when þei ben ful armed wiþ ynne liste, for þat is clepid Armature [L. armaturam], as Isydur seiþ.
a1450 ( tr. Vegetius De Re Militari (Douce) f. 15v (MED) Þere ben vii diuers maneres of fiȝtinges þat ben clepid armatures þe whiche þe Romayns vsed.
1610 J. Guillim Display of Heraldrie iv. viii. 207 For by Armature we vnderstand not onely those things which appertaine to Military profession,..but also those defensiue Sciences of Masonry and Carpentry, and Metall works.
1685 R. Brady Compl. Hist. Eng. 47 At first all Soldiers were instituted in the Art of Armature, but afterward only the Chief and Noblest Persons, such as served in the front of the Legions.
1721 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. Armature, Armour; also Skill in Arms.
3.
a. Armour, weaponry, or other military equipment; (in early use esp.) defensive armour worn on the body.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > [noun]
gearc1275
armourc1300
armsc1325
armingc1330
ordnancea1393
armourer?c1400
artilleryc1405
habiliments1422
artry1447
armaturea1460
apparamenta1464
atour1480
munitionc1515
furnishments1559
furniture1569
equipage1579
ammunition?1588
magazine1588
victuals1653
war1667
armament1668
contraband1753
stuff1883
society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > [noun]
here-weedsOE
weedOE
here-scrudc1275
armourc1325
armsc1325
armingc1330
armouryc1330
harnessc1330
warnementa1400
fighting-wisec1400
gome-graithc1420
graithc1420
armaturea1460
habiliment1470
furniture1569
proof1583
harnessment1610
pewter1622
equipage1633
pamphract1934
a1460 Knyghthode & Bataile (Pembr. Cambr. 243) l. 1298 (MED) In hors, in armature, and in array [L. in equis aut in indumentis et in ipsis armis].
1544 P. Betham tr. J. di Porcia Preceptes Warre i. c. sig. F Yf it shall be thy chaunce to ouercome thyne enemyes, it shall be not vnprofytable, to put on theyr armature and apparell.
1669 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. I ii. v. 65 Mars was the first who furnished armature.
1699 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 21 165 Swords, Daggers, or the like sort of Armiture.
1783 G. W. Lemon Eng. Etymol. at Pan-oply A total armature, which protected the soldier intirely.
1796 W. Amphlett Triumphs of War 17 Begirt in regal pomp, or clasp'd in power (As erst chilvaric [sic] knight in armature).
1831 T. P. Thompson in Westm. Rev. Jan. 12 Take for example the armature of the Infantry..Pay, clothing, food..and armature with the common musquet.
1850 J. S. Blackie tr. Æschylus Lyrical Dramas II. 243 Massy armature of shields.
1900 Semi-weekly Cedar Falls (Iowa) Gaz. 9 Jan. Although the manifests of the steam General..showed there was no armature on board, she was compelled to discharge her cargo.
1912 Stevens Point (Wisconsin) Daily Jrnl. 18 Mar. The admiral has kept continually in the limelight by his widely published ideas of naval armature.
2008 R. Dunkle Gladiators (2013) ii. 47 The poet criticizes a retiarius for having rejected the heavy armature of a murmillo, secutor, or thraex.
b. figurative. Mental or spiritual defence, protection, or weaponry; something which provides the strength or capacity to undertake a task, face a challenge, etc. Now rare.In early use esp. in theological writings.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > [noun] > strength
armature1542
panoply1576
1542 T. Becon Newe Pathway vnto Praier xii. sig. Fv Prayer is & is truly called a..heauenly armature.
1621 J. Mayer Eng. Catechisme 487 From the neglect of Gods worship, whereby wee loose our spirituall armature, and are laid naked to our potent foes.
a1682 Sir T. Browne Christian Morals (1716) i. 26 Not the Armour of Achilles, but the Armature of St. Paul.
1762 R. Dobbs Remarkable Accomplishm. of Noted Script. Prophecy iii. 51 Naked, for Want of that spiritual Armature, the full knowledge of the Scriptures void of all Obscurity in their Meaning.
a1783 W. S. Done Serm. Inner & Middle Temple (1786) iii. 46 He is surrounded by creatures..which have their armature for annoyance, and their disposition for prey.
1803 J. Bentham Plea for Constit. §14. 59 Amongst the documents which composed the legal armature of the Governor, was any such power as that of declaring martial law?
1866 H. Bushnell Vicarious Sacrifice iii. iii. 269 That armature of strength upon his feeling, that enables him to inflict pain without shrinking.
1954 Judaism 3 239/2 The writings of outstanding Christian thinkers of the post-‘liberal’ school..can prove useful in developing an intellectual armature of faith.
1994 B. Benstock Narr. Con/Texts Dubliners ii. 47 He comes armed with an image of himself as..‘poet of the Celtic school’. His armature is illusory, however.
c. In an animal or plant: (provision with) hard, sharp, or tough structures or appendages offering physical protection or a means of attack; defensive or offensive parts.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > animal body > general parts > covering or skin > [noun] > hard or protective covering
armoura1398
crust1615
armature1653
mail1713
shell1774
buckler1828
the world > plants > part of plant > part defined by form or function > [noun] > integument or covering
skin1558
integument1664
armature1816
1653 H. More Antidote against Atheisme ii. x. 87 And then again for the armature of Beasts, who taught them the use of their weapons?
1713 W. Derham Physico-theol. iv. xii. 221 Some with Scales, some with Shells,..and some with firm and stout Armature.
1816 P. Keith Syst. Physiol. Bot. II. 76 Armature..to defend the plant against the attack of animals.
1861 R. T. Hulme tr. C. H. Moquin-Tandon Elements Med. Zool. ii. vii. iv. 353 Having its mouth provided with a corneous armature.
1874 J. G. Wood Out of Doors 631 Destroying them with the terrible armature called the tooth-ribbon.
1921 Brit. Mus. Return 95 Drawings showing the [tsetse] fly..and the armature of the piercing proboscis.
2006 J. T. Costa Other Insect Societies xiii. 385 Both males and females can be soldiers, and there is no measurable difference in their armature or in their behavior.
4.
a. Magnetism. = keeper n. 6b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > magnetism > magnetic devices or materials > [noun] > armature
armour1613
armature1747
keeper1837
1747 B. Martin Philosophia Britannica I. 39 The Honourable Mr. Berkeley, at Bruton, has one [sc. a magnet] whose Weight (with the Armature) is but 43 Grains, which will take up 1032 Grains.
1752 S. Johnson Rambler No. 199. ⁋13 The efficacy of the magnet..depends much upon its armature.
1872 J. Lassell & C. Lassell tr. H. Schellen Spectrum Anal. i. xi. 33 And the magnet.., becoming weaker.., lets loose the armature.
1978 Proc. National Conf. Power Transmission 173/1 The magnet shell has a simple horseshoe magnet configuration; with the armature (keeper) mounted to the rotating shaft in a manner such that it can move axially.
b. Each of the coatings of metal foil on the inside and outside of a Leyden jar.
ΚΠ
1776 tr. G. Beccaria Treat. Artific. Electr. ii. v. 129 When I then touched the exterior armature [It. l'armatura esteriore] two seconds were necessary for the electroscope H to lose its divergence.
1854 Pop. Educator V. 507/1 The Leyden jar is charged..by making one of the armatures communicate with the earth and the other with the electric source.
1910 S. Tousey Med. Electr. & Röntgen Rays 456 The patient is not insulated, and the external armature of the Leyden jar is connected with the ground.
2011 S. Finger & M. Piccolino Shocking Hist. Electr. Fishes xxi. 319/2 In the Leyden jar, the discharge is normally obtained by establishing a contact between its outer armature and its conductor.
c. Electrical Engineering. One of the two principal components of a dynamo, generator, or electric motor, consisting essentially of a conductive coil of wire built around an iron core, which either rotates in a magnetic field, or which a magnetic field rotates around; (formerly also) the core on which the wires are laid (now rare). Also: the winding around an electromagnet; the moving member in an electromagnetic device such as a relay or solenoid.The basis of dynamos and generators is that movement of a wire relative to a magnetic field gives rise to a current in the wire, and conversely a current through the wire gives rise to a force on it (and hence a movement: cf. Faraday's law n. (a) at Faraday n. 1g). An armature is typically the rotating member, but in some kinds of machine it is stationary, and the magnetic field is rotated around it.disc armature, Gramme armature, slotted armature, stator armature, etc.: see the first element.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical engineering > armature > [noun]
armature1834
society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > motor > [noun] > armature of
armature1834
shuttle armature1890
shuttle-wound armature1893
slot winding1900
slotted armature1902
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical engineering > controlling device or process > [noun] > moving part
armature1900
1834 Mechanic's Mag. 24 May 112/1 I had also seen for a few minutes, a small magneto-electric apparatus, with a rotary armature.
1835 London & Edinb. Philos. Mag. Sept. 233 I produce electric shocks..by revolving coils of wire (having an iron axis or armature) in front of the poles of a horse-shoe magnet.
1869 Philos. Mag. 37 59 Placing the stationary armature with its coil in a suitable position in relation to the magnet-cylinder for producing electromagnetic rotation.
1879 G. B. Prescott Speaking Telephone (new ed.) 253 An electromagnet with a self-interrupting breakpiece attached to its armature.
1900 Engin. Mag. 19 715 When required for high-tension fuses, the armature of this exploder is wound with very fine wire.
1922 R. Glazebrook Dict. Appl. Physics II. 198/1 Alternators are made in almost all cases with the armature stationary, and the field revolving.
1931 Boys' Mag. 45 157/1 The aerial wires are connected to opposite sides of the buzzer interrupter, one to the fixed contact and the other to the pillar carrying the vibrating armature.
2011 M. E. Brumbach Industr. Electr. (ed. 8) vii. 101/2 Assume that the armature is rotating in a clockwise direction.
5.
a. The underlying structure or framework of something abstract or non-material, as a person's character, a system of thought, a literary work, etc.
ΚΠ
1872 Nation 2 May 292/1 The language itself is the armature of a false logic.
1944 A. Nin Under Glass Bell 41 He had the armature of the aristocrat, this strong armature which not only upheld his clothes but which forbade him to complain.
1978 S. Chatman Story & Discourse ii. 53 In the classical narrative, only major events are part of the chain or armature of contingency. Minor events have a different structure.
1985 J. Merrill Late Settings ii. 55 You whom night strips to armature, whom day equips with tones to brush desire away.
1994 J. Barth Once upon Time 120 It informs, is indeed the armature of, the novella-triad Chimera.
2008 W. McCuaig tr. E. Roudinesco Philos. in Turbulent Times iii. 72 He..contented himself with pointing out errors of detail: gaps in information or negligence concerning the conceptual armature of psychoanalysis.
b. Architecture. Esp. with reference to medieval buildings: the wooden or metal framework around which a building is constructed; a piece or section of this.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > framework of building > [noun]
frame1440
mould1570
casea1676
needlework1686
framing1703
shell1705
casework1767
breast beam1828
balloon frame1844
fabric1849
balloon framing1855
armature1878
steel frame1898
1878 Atlantic Monthly Dec. 667/2 Its curves..bending over the void without apparent support, with no centering or armature, but held suspended in the air as if by miracle.
1880 C. E. Norton Hist. Stud. Church-Building in Middle Ages iv. 249 The domes were to be built without armature—that is, without support from a framework of wood or iron.
1903 Building News 9 Oct. 470/2 As the steel armatures are incased with concrete, a considerable latitude is allowed to the architect to mould the mass into any desirable shape.
1991 Conjunctions 17 29 He will instinctively seek out..parabolic armatures, vaults with mudéjar stalactites, lobular or labial shapes, leaf patterns, tracery, floral geometrical motifs, valves, petals.
c. The lead framework used to hold glass in place in a stained-glass panel or window. Also: an open framework of wire, wood, etc., on which a sculpture is moulded with clay or other material.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > plastic art > modelling > [noun] > tools
modelling-stick1807
modelling tool1834
armature1880
1880 W. J. Audsley & G. A. Audsley Pop. Dict. Archit. & Allied Arts (ed. 2) II. 97 Armatures,..The armatures of large windows which are devoid of tracery are sometimes very complicated.
1895 A. R. Spofford & C. Annandale New Cabinet Cycl. & Treasury of Knowl. VII. 398/1 For a full-length figure an ‘armature’ is prepared, consisting of an iron passing through the centre and attached to which are other irons.
1947 J. C. Rich Materials & Methods Sculpt. ii. 29 Armatures constructed of flexible metal wire, pipe or tubing are very often employed as artificial ‘skeletons’ or supporting structures over which the ‘flesh’ or clay is formed and shaped.
1979 R. G. Calkins Monuments Medieval Art xxiii. 167 Horizontal armatures, and sometimes vertical ones if the window was wide, stabilized the leaded design.
2013 Sunshine Coast (Queensland) Daily (Nexis) 8 Feb. 33 The workshop will include how to build the form directly in clay creating the maquette over a small wire armature.
Compounds
General attributive, as armature conductor, armature coil, armature core, armature current, armature winding.
ΚΠ
1834 Mechanic's Mag. 14 June 191/2 It would render unnecessary the additional mechanism for disrupting the armature poles.
1883 London, Edinb., & Dublin Philos. Mag. 16 144 The intensity of a powerful magnetic field, such as that in the space in which the armature-coils of a dynamo move.
1886 U.S. Patent 335,781 1/2 This lead is proportional to the armature-current.
1902 J. Black Illustr. Carpenter & Builder Ser.: Plastering ii. vii. 79 The winding of the armature conductors inside insulating tubes.
1910 Encycl. Brit. VIII. 768/1 The iron armature core must be laminated.
1934 B.B.C. Year-bk. 172 An alarm..operates in the event of the occurrence of a leakage between either armature winding and the armature iron.
1938 A. E. Clayton Performance & Design Direct Current Machines (ed. 2) iv. 84 The whole action of the direct current machine is dependent upon this magnetising action of the armature currents.
1961 M. G. Say Electr. Engineer's Ref. Bk. (ed. 10) iii. 77 Wires used for winding coils and for armature conductors..are insulated with lappings of cotton, silk, [etc.].
2006 W. Bolton Engin. Sci. (ed. 5) xv. 186 In practice there will be more than one armature coil.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.a1450