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单词 hame
释义

hamen.1

Forms: Old English ham, (in combination) -hama, -homa (Middle English haum), Middle English–1500s hame.
Etymology: Old English -hama = Old Saxon, Old High German -hamo in combination ‘covering, garment’, Middle High German -hame , -ham ; also Old Norse hams , (Danish ham ) snake's slough, compare hames in quot. a14002.
Obsolete.
A covering, esp. a natural covering, integument; skin, membrane, slough (of a serpent).
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > bodily substance > membrane > [noun]
rimeOE
hameOE
skina1398
caul1398
shrine1398
tunicle1398
panniclea1400
pelliculea1400
slougha1400
membrane?a1425
pellicle?a1425
pellet?1440
enfolder1545
kell1545
involucre1578
skinlet1598
striffena1612
swathe1615
veil1639
tunic1661
swath-band1668
involucruma1676
wall1682
panniculus1702
theca1807
the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > specific areas or structures > [noun] > outer covering
hameOE
curtel1398
pelliculea1400
coatc1400
pellicle?a1425
investment1646
tegument1646
cataphragm1656
integument1664
cortexa1676
vagina1683
vaginula1698
scabbard1753
sheath1805
calyx1851
ocrea1890
tunica adventitia1890
OE Beowulf 1568 Bil eal ðurhwod fægne flæschoman.
c1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 276/23 Camisa, ham.
a1400 K. Alis. (Laud) 391 Offe he cast his dragons hame.
a1400 K. Alis. (Laud) 385 Neptenabus..takeþ hym hames of dragon.
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 224/2 Hame, thyn skynne of an eye, or oþer lyke, membranula.
c1440 J. Capgrave Life St. Katherine iii. 1132 All þis ilk tyme þer was a hame Of blyndenes be-for þis ermytes yȝe.
1546 T. Phaer Bk. Children x. 5 The hame or skynne of an adder or a snake, that she casteth.
1560 T. Phaer tr. J. Goeurot Regiment of Life (rev. ed.) sig. Cvi An Adders hame sodden in wine.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

hamen.2

Brit. /heɪm/, U.S. /heɪm/
Forms: Also 1500s haame, haume, holme, 1700s dialect hawm, 1800s heam, dialect haam, Scottish haim, hem.
Etymology: Not known before 1300. Corresponds to Middle Dutch hame, haem, Middle High German dialect hame, Dutch haam, Low German Westph. ham: perhaps from an Old Germanic root *ham- to hold against, hinder.
Each of two curved pieces of wood or metal placed over, fastened to, or forming, the collar of a draught horse.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > general equipment > [noun] > harness of draught animal > collar > part of
hame13..
tee1494
bearing gear1616
pole piece1619
pole chain1725
afterwale1833
oxbow key1882
barge1908
13.. Gloss W. de Biblesw. (Arun. 220) lf. 302 in A. Way Promptorium Parvulorum (1865) 33 Les cous de chiuaus portunt esteles (gloss hames, MS. Phill. hamberwes). Coleres de quyr (gloss beruhames).
1303 R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne 11496 Ȝyt wyl þey neuer shryue here shame, So are þey bounde yn þe fendes hame.
1483 Cath. Angl. 172/2 A Hame of a horse.
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. x They must haue hombers, or collers holmes withed about [?1530 hombers or collers, holmes withed about] the[i]r tresses.
?1553 (c1501) G. Douglas Palice of Honour (London) i. l. 425 in Shorter Poems (1967) 34 Euyr hamys [1579 Edinb. hamis] conuenient for sic note, And raw silk brechamys ouyr thair halsys hyngis.
1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 11v Collers, Bridle reynes, Headstalles..Haames.
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Attelles, the haumes of a draught horses collar; the two flat sticks that incompasse it.
1616 G. Markham tr. C. Estienne et al. Maison Rustique (rev. ed.) 538 Horses with open collars, and large hames.
1795 W. Felton Treat. Carriages II. 167 Heams are the two irons which are placed round the neck collar.
1808–18 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Hem, a horse-collar.
1883 J. P. Groves From Cadet to Captain xxii. 223 Harnessing..Nellie's ponies..he managed to get the hames upside down, with the kidney-links on the top of the collars.

Compounds

attributive and in other combinations, as hame-loop, hame-maker, hame-mounting, hame-rein, hame-strap, hame-terret, hame-tug.
ΚΠ
1795 W. Felton Treat. Carriages II. 160 The Heam Tugs..are rivetted to the heam loops.
1826 Sporting Mag. 18 393 A pole-chain may be unhooked, or a hame strap get loose.
1847–8 H. Miller First Impr. Eng. v. 73 Not a piece of hem-mounting or trace-chain, not a cart-axle or wheel-rim, was secure.
1902 Daily Chron. 9 July 3/6 Why a tight hame rein should be used on so many builders' and other carts is..a puzzle.
1908 Notes & Queries 10th Ser. X. 106 At the foot of a hill leading from Blackrock, near Brighton, to Rottingdean is a board with the inscription: ‘Please slacken hame-rein on going uphill.’

Draft additions March 2022

Irish English. to make a hames of: to do (something) very badly or ineptly; to make a mess of.In quot. 1909 apparently: to bring (a person) into disrepute; to ruin. [Perhaps originally with reference to the ease with which the curved hames could be positioned the wrong way up; compare quot. 1883 at main sense.]
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > ability > inability > unskilfulness > be unskilled in [verb (transitive)] > bungle
botch1530
bungle1530
mumble1588
muddle1605
mash1642
bumble?1719
to fall through ——1726
fuck1776
blunder1805
to make a mull of1821
bitch1823
mess1823
to make a mess of1834
smudge1864
to muck up1875
boss1887
to make balls of1889
duff1890
foozle1892
bollocks1901
fluff1902
to make a muck of1903
bobble1908
to ball up1911
jazz1914
boob1915
to make a hash of1920
muff1922
flub1924
to make a hat of1925
to ass up1932
louse1934
screw1938
blow1943
to foul up1943
eff1945
balls1947
to make a hames of1947
to arse up1951
to fuck up1967
dork1969
sheg1981
bodge1984
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > disregard for truth, falsehood > lack of truth, falsity > an error, mistake > make a mess of [verb (transitive)]
blow1943
to make a hames of1947
to cock up1948
goof1960
to fuck up1967
1909 Wicklow (Ireland) News-lett. 5 June 10/1 It was a lie to say he stole those things and he wanted to put a stop to the complainant ‘making a hames of him’.]
1947 Cork (Ireland) Examiner 19 June (City Special ed.) 7/5 Mr. Dillon said..that the Minister, as he..warned the House when the Minister was appointed, had made a hames of it.
1955 Irish Press 23 May 2 Drivers who are..continuously making a ‘hames’ of their driving..are a danger.
2019 Irish News (Nexis) 15 July a10 [He] should have had a goal when his man Sean Mullooly made a hames of a short kick-out.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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更新时间:2024/12/25 9:27:13