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单词 halalkhor
释义

halalkhorn.

Brit. /həˈlɑːlkɔː/, /həˈlalkɔː/, U.S. /həˈlɑlˌkɔr/, /həˈlælˌkɔr/
Forms: 1600s halalchor, 1600s hallalcores (plural), 1600s holacueur, 1600s holencor, 1700s halichore, 1700s hallachore, 1700s hollocore, 1700s– halalcore (now rare), 1800s halalcor, 1800s hallalcor, 1800s– halalkhor.
Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Urdu. Partly a borrowing from Persian. Etymons: Urdu ḥalālḵōr, Persian ḥalālḵōr.
Etymology: < (i) Urdu ḥalālḵōr, and (ii) its etymon Indian Persian ḥalālḵōr, lit. ‘eating halal food’ < ḥalāl ( < Arabic ḥalāl halal adj.) + -ḵōr, reflecting the modern pronunciation of -ḵwur, eating, someone who eats (combining form of wurdan to eat; < Middle Persian xwardan), so called because they are said to regard all food as halal (out of necessity).The unusual early form holacueur comes from a translation of a French text using the form †Holacueur (1659 in the passage translated in quot. 1662), which in turn reflects (in the second element) the apparent pronunciation of German Holancör (1658 in the passage translated by the French work), although the German ö (normally pronounced /ø/) in this case may be a misprint for ō ( //). This German passage may also have influenced the English form holencor; the -n- in this form apparently ultimately reflects a colloquial pronunciation (with dissimilation) in an Indian language. NED (1898) also recorded a form alchore , which appears to reflect an erroneous shortening of the Persian (transmitted via French) in the same source as quot. 1662; the passage is not paralleled in the ultimately underlying German text and probably based on a separate, unidentified source:1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors 78 Other Indians..are oblig'd to purifie themselves from head to foot, if any of these people, whom, upon that occasion, they call Alchores [Fr. Alchores], should touch them.
A person belonging to a Dalit (Dalit n.) community of northern India, traditionally employed as sweepers.In quot. 1786 in extended use: a social outcast.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > the lowest class > [noun] > person of the lowest class > in India, Iran, etc.
halalkhor1622
1622 R. Hughes Let. 20 June in W. Foster Eng. Factories India 1622–3 (1908) 94 [Washers, washerman, and] hallolcore.
1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. J. Albert de Mandelslo 59 in Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors One of those Holacueurs [Fr. vn de ces Holacueur; Ger. Holancör], who are wont to march in the head of the [Dutch] Caffilas..and serve instead of Trumpeters.
1696 J. Ovington Voy. Suratt 382 The Halalchors..are another sort of Indians at Suratt, the most contemptible.
1715 W. Symson New Voy. E. Indies 65 The Hallalchors convey the Corpse to the intended Repository.
1786 R. Burns Let. Oct. (2001) I. 59 Those misguided few..who joined, to use a Gentoo phrase, the hallachores of the human race.
1809 M. Graham Jrnl. Resid. India (1813) 31 For the meaner offices we have a Hallalcor or Chandela (one of the most wretched Pariahs).
1881 17th Ann. Rep. Sanitary Commissioner of Bombay 1880 v. 125 There are 6,950 private privies served by Municipal halálkhors.
1902 L. W. Michael Hist. Munic. Corporation City Bombay 457 One Halalkhor said he was beaten by Hindoos because he had a long beard.
2007 Times of India 29 Apr. 19/3 The Halalkhors..are Muslims and there is a veneer of social acceptance..but it is stripped away in actual dealings.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.1622
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