请输入您要查询的英文单词：

　

单词 hale
释义

† halen.1

Forms: Old English hal- (inflected form), Old English healh, Old English heall (perhaps transmission error), Old English hel- (inflected form), Old English–early Middle English (in copy of Old English charter) halh, Old English–early Middle English (in copy of Old English charter) heal, Middle English ale (in surnames), Middle English hal, Middle English hale, Middle English hele (south-western, in surnames), Middle English hile (south-western, in surnames), Middle English hyele (south-western, in surnames), 1700s haile (Lincolnshire), 1800s eal (northern), 1800s eale (northern), 1800s hal (Lancashire), 1800s hale (Lincolnshire). See also haugh n.
Origin: Probably a word inherited from Germanic.
Etymology: Probably < an ablaut variant (o -grade) of the Germanic base of hollow n. Compare North Frisian hallig small, low-lying island, specifically an undyked marsh island, (also) area of dry land seaward of a dyke (see note). Compare halke n. and later haugh n.Frisian parallel. North Frisian hallig may be a direct cognate of the English word, although the semantic development of both words poses problems. Phonologically, North Frisian hallig seems to represent a supra-regional form; compare Middle Low German hallich , German regional (Low German) Hallig , (Eiderstedt) halli ( < North Frisian; in German now chiefly in the names of specific islands). Compare also North Frisian (Langeness) håolige- as first element in the field names Håolige-weerw and Håolige-leeg , which appears to reflect a local phonological development (with lengthening and diphthongization of the stem vowel). Form history. The regular Old English forms are West Saxon healh (inflected hē̆al- ), Anglian halh (inflected hă̄̆l- ), with loss of h and variable compensatory lengthening in inflected forms (in fact, the later evidence invariably reflects a short vowel for the Anglian inflected form). The Middle English and later forms treated here reflect developments from the inflected forms; for the later (post-Old English) history of forms retaining the velar consonant see haugh n. Semantic development. In early topographical use in Anglo-Saxon charters and in place names (compare sense 2) a wide range of possible meanings has been proposed. These also include ‘nook’, ‘small piece of land detached from the main holding’, ‘hollow’, ‘small valley’, ‘area within the bend of a river’, and similar senses. Frequently, not enough detailed information about the location is available to determine which of these senses is likeliest to apply. For a very early attestation as a second element in a place name, compare Streanaeshalch , Yorkshire (731 in Bede's Eccl. Hist.; apparently an early name of Whitby). With the possible development from an early sense ‘hollow’, implied in the proposed etymology, compare the diminutive formation apparently seen in Old English healoc cavity in the body (compare -ock suffix) and later Middle English senses of halke n. With the sense ‘low-lying piece of ground near a river’ compare haugh n. For further discussion of the complex semantic development see P. V. Stiles in A. R. Rumble & A. D. Mills Names, Places & People (1997) 330–44. Compare also post-classical Latin halcha (from the second half of the 12th cent. in British sources, especially from northern England and Scotland) in senses ‘area within the bend of a river’ or ‘low-lying piece of ground near a river’ (compare haugh n.), and comparable use in Anglo-Norman of halech (from the second half of the 12th cent. in a Scottish source).
Obsolete.
1. A corner of a room or building. Also: a recess, a nook; a hidden place.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > a secret place, hiding place > [noun] > a nook, corner
haleeOE
hirnec897
halkea1300
cornerc1384
nookc1450
hele?1527
creek1573
eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) xxxv. 245 Forðæm ælc wag bið gebieged twiefeald on ðæm heale [L. duplex quippe semper est in angulis paries].
OE Homily (Hatton 113) in A. S. Napier Wulfstan (1883) 138 Eall, þæt seo heorte hearmes geðohte..oððe mannes hand man gefremode on þystrum healum þissere worulde:..þæt bið þonne þær eallum open ætsomne unbehelendlice.
OE tr. Felix St. Guthlac (Vesp.) (1909) xx. 163 Þa gemette he hine hleonian on þam hale his cyrcan wið þam weofode.
c1275 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Calig.) (1935) l. 2 Ich was in one sumere dale, In one suþe diȝele hale.
a1350 in R. H. Robbins Hist. Poems 14th & 15th Cent. (1959) 8 We beþ honted from hale to hurne.
c1350 (a1333) William of Shoreham Poems (1902) 153 Ac þo hy herde god speke, Wel sone an hal by-gonne þreke.
a1450 (?a1390) J. Mirk Instr. Parish Priests (Claud.) (1974) l. 1272 Hast þow do þat synne bale By any wommon þat lay in hale?
c1450 (a1400) Libeaus Desconus (Calig. A.ii) (1969) l. 1773 Lybeauus jnner gan pace To se ech a place: Þe hales in þe halle.
2. A corner or angular piece of land; spec. a low-lying piece of ground near a river; a slightly elevated piece of ground in a marshy area. Cf. haugh n. In later use English regional (northern and Lincolnshire).Frequently as a topographical term and in place names. In early use the sense of the word is often uncertain; see discussion in etymology section.In quot. 1327 in surnames.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > tract > [noun] > triangle
haleOE
nookc1450
cantle1524
gusset1650
heater-piece1859
the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > land near river > [noun]
haleOE
haugh1487
strath1549
wartha1641
freshes1652
intervale1653
interval1684
riverfront1751
river bottom1752
creek-bottom1822
flat1852
OE Bounds (Sawyer 772) in W. de G. Birch Cartularium Saxonicum (1893) III. 517 On þone sidan healh; of þam sidan heale a be þam hehhylte in on þone langan þorn.
?a1200 (?OE) Bounds (Sawyer 1380) in D. Hooke Landscape Anglo-Saxon Staffordshire (1994) 80 Efter strete in þat white sic, efter þa sice on þone whitan halh, and þer on þene brooc.
1327 in M. T. Löfvenberg Stud. Middle Eng. Local Surnames (1942) 89 Joh. atte Hale... Herward. in the Hale.
c1460 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Oseney Abbey (1907) 122 And ij. [acris] vndur the langehale.
1787 Surv. Manor Kirton-in-Lindsey in E. Peacock Gloss. Words Manley & Corringham, Lincs. 127/2 Haile [a term given to roads, or dry hard banks in the boggy parts of the moors].
1877 E. Peacock Gloss. Words Manley & Corringham, Lincs. Hale, (1) a ‘garing’ in an enclosure or open field, i.e. an angular piece which, from the irregularity of the rest, has to be ploughed separately, (2) a bank, or strip of grass, which separates two persons' lands in an open field.
1897 C. J. Bates Thomas Bates & Kirklevington Shorthorns 18 A considerable tract of haugh-land, which had once been a series of eals, or islets, and was liable to be flooded.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

† halen.2

Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: heal n.
Etymology: Alteration of heal n. after hale adj. Compare hale v.2 and hail n.2In quot. a1796 apparently showing a use of the earlier English form as an archaism, rather than a genuine Scots form; the spelling is unlikely to represent a regular phonological continuation of heal n. in the author's dialect.
Obsolete (rare and archaic after 16th cent.).
Health, well-being; welfare; prosperity. Also: cure, remedy. Cf. hail n.2 1, heal n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > [noun] > good health
healOE
healthc1000
strengthOE
soundc1275
hailc1300
halec1330
quartc1330
liege poustie1340
plight1394
soundness1398
sanity?a1475
quartfulness1483
healthfulness?1535
symmetry?1541
flesh1548
good liking?1560
well-being1561
valetude1575
safeness1576
kilter1582
mens sana in corpore sanoc1605
eucrasy1607
sanitude1652
salubrity1654
wellness1654
healthiness1670
vegeteness1678
wholesome1738
haleness1815
able-bodiedness1857
c1330 Gregorius (Auch.) (1914) l. 12 (MED) He..bi tauȝt hir þe kniȝt..To kepe þat leuedi ariȝt Wiþ blisse and wiþ euerliche hale [rhyme tale].
1595 E. Spenser Astrophel in Colin Clouts come Home Againe sig. F2 All heedlesse of his dearest hale.
a1796 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) II. 805 My hale and weel I'll take a care o't.
1896 A. Austin England's Darling ii. iv. 55 Nay, but let me tell, For your soul's hale.
1909 E. Pound Exultations 19 Oh we drunk his ‘Hale’ in the good red wine.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019).

† halen.3

Forms: Middle English halle, Middle English–1600s hale, 1500s hail, 1500s hall, 1600s hayle; Scottish pre-1700 hailis (plural), pre-1700 halis (plural).
Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French hale, halle.
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French hale, halle (French halle ) stall, covered market (1213 in Old French), barn (1278 or earlier), main room (c1334 or earlier), university hall or college (1361 or earlier) < a form in a West Germanic language < the same Germanic base as hall n.1With sense 2 compare Old French, Middle French, French halles (c1260 in this sense).
Obsolete.
1. A simple building, having a roof but typically open at the sides; a booth, hut, or other temporary structure for shelter, eating, entertaining, etc.; a (military) pavilion, a tent.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > a dwelling > tent > [noun]
telda900
field houseOE
saleOE
pavilionc1225
comelc1275
pallionc1300
tentoura1325
tentc1325
holetc1380
hileta1382
tabernacle1382
cabin?a1400
hale?a1400
tentory1412
logis1477
booth1535
ordu1673
toldo1839
?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) i. l. 9157 In halles & hales burde laid.
Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 222 Hale, or tente, papilio, scena.
c1450 (c1425) Brut (Cambr. Kk.1.12) 352 Þe king let make in alle hast a long and a large hous of tymbir, The which was called an hale, and couered with tyleȝ ouyr; and it was opun al aboute on bothe sydeȝ, and at þe endis.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 228/2 Hall a long tent in a felde, tente.
1572 I. B. Let. in S. E. Brydges Censura Literaria (1807) VII. 240 Dangerous diseases..to souldiours by reason of lying upon the ground and uncovered, and lykewyse to horses for lacke of hales.
1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. 554/2 Certeine Frenchmen..hearing that the English tents & pauilions were a good waie distant from the armie.., spoiled the hails, robbed the tents.
1606 P. Holland tr. Suetonius Hist. Twelve Caesars 55 A certaine rate in monie..allowed, For their sumpter-mules, for their tentes and hales.
2. In plural, with singular agreement. Probably: a market hall. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > trading place > market > [noun] > market building
hales?1541
market house1565
market-hall1611
?1541 MS Rec. Aberdeen XVI. in J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. (1825) Suppl. I. at Halis The townis consent to mak a halis to mett the wyttal that hapenis to cum to this burgh to sell.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

† halen.5

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin halōs.
Etymology: < classical Latin halōs halo n.
Obsolete. rare.
A halo around an astronomical body; = halo n. 1a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the universe > luminous appearance > [noun] > aureole
circlea1123
hale1440
brough1496
burrow1499
halo1563
shine1581
burr1631
broucha1657
glory1693
aureole1858
Scheiner's halo1983
Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 222 Hale, or cyrcle a-bowte þe mone, halo.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019).

halen.6

Brit. /heɪl/, U.S. /heɪl/, Scottish English /ˈhel/
Forms: late Middle English– hale; also Scottish pre-1700 haill, pre-1700 1800s hail.
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: hale v.1
Etymology: < hale v.1 Compare haul n.In sense 1 probably < the imperative of hale v.1
1.
†a. Nautical. A cry or exclamation used when hauling something. Cf. hale v.1 Obsolete (archaic and rare in later use).Only in conjunction with other exclamations, as hoise and hale (see hoise v.), hale and how (see how int.1 2), etc.Apparently not recorded between 16th and mid 19th centuries.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > other nautical operations > [interjection] > cry used in hoisting or hauling
hissac1450
halea1470
a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) I. 320 Where were many shyppis and marynars noyse with hale and how.
1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid iii. viii. 111 Towart the left, with mony heis and haill, Socht all our flot.
1568 in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS (1928) III. 358 Schippis off tour..Takand thair cours wt mony how and haill.
1867 W. Morris Life & Death of Jason x. 187 And so drew Argo up, with hale and how, On to the grass.
1890 W. Morris in Eng. Illustr. Mag. July 759 Uprose the hale and how of the mariners.
b. The action or an act of hauling something; esp. an act of pulling in a fishing net, frequently in at one hale. Now rare (Shetland).
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > impelling or driving > pushing and pulling > [noun] > pulling
drawingc1300
draughta1398
pullinga1425
draggingc1440
halingc1440
lugging?a1500
attraction1578
toilingc1600
trainage1611
hale1615
traction1615
hauling1626
trail1674
tracting1780
haulage1826
pull1833
drawal1936
1615 R. Hamor True Disc. Present Estate Virginia 21 Of all which [fish] my selfe haue seene great quantity taken, especially the last summer at Smiths Island, at one hale, a frigots lading.
1695 W. Congreve Pindarique Ode on Namure viii. 6 Uprooting Hills, with most stupendious Hale.
1724 J. Saunders Compl. Fisherman 36 It frequently happens, that they take..four Hundred Tun of Fish at a time, that is to say, not at one Hale, but before they leave them.
1897 Shetland News 10 July in Eng. Dial. Dict. (1902) III. 25/2 I can mind wis takin' forty o' him, grit an' sma', apo' ae hail i' da deep water.
2. A haul, esp. of fish. Now Scottish.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fish to be caught or as catch > [noun] > catch of fish
draughta1387
waithing1488
hale1572
tack1596
take1626
catch1792
haul1854
taking1855
fare1884
strike1887
voyage1897
shack1904
the mind > possession > taking > seizing > catching or capture > [noun] > that which is caught or captured
fanga1400
hale1572
catch1609
taking1855
catch-up1879
1572 J. Bridges tr. R. Gwalther Hundred, Threescore & Fiftene Homelyes vppon Actes Apostles xiv. 561 Peter letting slippe his nettes at the Lordes bidding, caught a great hale of fyshe.
1751 R. Paltock Life Peter Wilkins II. v. 36 It being a large Hale, and a shelving Bank, I could not lift it.
1757 R. Maxwell Pract. Husbandman 151 I opened a passage in the lining and made a Contrivance to shut it before I let in the Dog and by that means I get a Hale [of rats].
1888 B. Edmonston & J. M. E. Saxby Home of Naturalist 96 When the fishing season was at its height, and the boats were making ‘gude hales’, it frequently happened that the presents became very embarrassing in quantity.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

halen.7

Brit. /heɪl/, U.S. /heɪl/
Forms: 1500s– hale, 1600s haile; English regional 1800s hail (Yorkshire and Lincolnshire), 1800s haile (Lincolnshire), 1800s hal (Devon), 1800s hall (Devon), 1900s haal (Lincolnshire).
Origin: Apparently a borrowing from early Scandinavian.
Etymology: Apparently < early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic hali , Norwegian hale , Old Swedish hali , Old Danish, Danish hale , all in the sense ‘tail’ (compare tail n.1 4d and plough-tail n.)), further etymology uncertain; perhaps < the same Indo-European base as Sanskrit śara- arrow, ancient Greek κῆλα (plural) arrows, or Early Irish cáil spear, although all of these suggestions pose formal problems.
Now historical and rare (English regional in later use).
Either of the handles of a wheelbarrow or a horse-drawn plough. Also as the second element in compounds, as plough hale, barrow hale. Usually in plural.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > tools and implements > ploughing equipment > [noun] > plough > plough-tail or stilt
startOE
stiltc1340
plough-start1440
tail1466
plough handle?c1475
steer-tree1483
plough stilt?1523
plough-tail?1523
stilking?1523
steer1552
hale?1570
stive1693
plough-tree1799
by-tail1879
?1570 T. Drant tr. St. Jerome in Two Serm. sig. C.iij Let the Plough man holding the hale [L. stivam], sing some Psalme of Dauid.
1613 G. Markham Eng. Husbandman: 1st Pt. Former Pt. iv. sig. C2v If your Plough-Irons..will not bite on the earth..it is a signe that you hang too heavy on the Plough hales.
1652 W. Blith Eng. Improver Improved xxviii. 189 For the Plough-handles, some call them Stilts, and some Hales, and some Staves.
1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry 38 A is the Plough-beam, B the Handle, Tail, Stilts, Hales, or Staves.
1840 C. Howard Farming at Ridgemont 132 in Brit. Husbandry (Libr. Useful Knowl.) III The hales and beam resemble those of a common plough.
1866 J. E. Brogden Provinc. Words Lincs. 90 The hailes flew up and caught me on the gob.
1900 Cassell's Cycl. Mech. 1st Ser. 176/1 The iron that fastens the wheel to the barrow hale is ¾ in. broad.
1984 C. Kightly Country Voices ii. 44 He put the coulter [blade] straight, and then he hung the lines [reins] on the hales [handles of the plough].
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† halen.8

Forms: 1500s hall (Suffolk), 1500s–1700s hale (chiefly Suffolk and Essex).
Origin: Probably a borrowing from Dutch. Etymon: Dutch haal.
Etymology: Probably < Dutch haal chain or iron rod to which a pot or kettle is hung, pot-hook (as hael , hale in Middle Dutch), cognate with Old Saxon hāhal (Middle Low German hāl ), Old High German hāhal , hāhala (Middle High German hāhel , hāl , German Hahl , Hähl ) < the Germanic base of Old English hōn (see hang v.) + the Germanic base of -el suffix1 (compare hanger n.2 4d).
Obsolete (English regional in later use).
A pot-hook.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > cooking vessel or pot > [noun] > bar or chain for hanging
rack1391
reckon1400
hake1402
kilp1425
pot-clip1459
pothangles1468
reckon-crook1469
kettle-hook1485
rax1519
pot hangings1521
pot hangerc1525
pot-crookc1530
pot-hook1530
trammel1537
pot-kilp1542
gallow-balk1583
hale1589
hanger1599
pot-keep1611
pot rack1619
reckon hook1645
ratten crook1665
winter1668
rantle1671
cotterel1674
rantle-tree1685
rannel-balk1781
sway1825
rannel-perch1855
1589 in Ipswich Probate Inventories 1583–1631 (1981) 29 One drepingpane twoe halles..one bastingspone.
1625 Will of John Rowe in M. E. Allen Wills Archdeaconry Suffolk 1625–6 (1995) (modernized text) 90 To wife Frances, all the following household implements,..cobirons & firepans, tongs, hales, spits, [etc.].
1647 Inventory 6 July in Essex Inst. Hist. Coll. (1915) LI. 141 One Postiron, a hale & a how.
1790 F. Grose Provinc. Gloss. (ed. 2) Hale, an iron instrument for hanging a pot over the fire. South.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

halen.9

Brit. /ˈhɑːleɪ/, U.S. /ˈhɑˌleɪ/
Inflections: Plural unchanged, hales.
Origin: A borrowing from Hawaiian. Etymon: Hawaiian hale.
Etymology: < Hawaiian hale house, building, station, hall.
In Hawaii: a house, a dwelling place; esp. a thatched house or shelter traditionally built by the indigenous people of Hawaii.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > a dwelling > hut or hovel > [noun]
hulka1000
boothc1200
hull?c1225
lodge1290
hottea1325
holetc1380
tavern1382
scalea1400
schura1400
tugury1412
donjon?a1439
cabinc1440
coshc1490
cabinet1579
bully1598
crib1600
shed1600
hut1637
hovela1640
boorachc1660
barrack1686
bothy1750
corf1770
rancho1819
shanty1820
kraal1832
shelty1834
shackle1835
mia-mia1837
wickiup1838
caboose1839
chantier1849
hangar1852
caban1866
shebang1867
humpy1873
shack1878
hale1885
bach1927
jhuggi1927
favela1961
hokkie1973
1885 C. M. Newell Kaméhaméha xxiv. 204 Every hale had its..garden plot of fruit-trees about it.
1974 J. Brennan Parker Ranch of Hawaii (1979) iii. 35 The natives helped John build a small hale..to live in temporarily.
2017 @KawaoMusic 5 Jan. in twitter.com (O.E.D. Archive) Wow, look who flew to Hawaii & stopped by my hale just now.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

haleadj.n.4adv.

Brit. /heɪl/, U.S. /heɪl/, Scottish English /ˈhel/
Forms:

α. Middle English hal, Middle English halle, Middle English–1500s (1600s– chiefly in sense A. 4) hale; English regional (northern) 1800s haal, 1800s yahl (Yorkshire), 1800s yal (Yorkshire and Lancashire), 1800s yall (Yorkshire); Scottish pre-1700 haale, pre-1700 hal, pre-1700 hall, pre-1700 halle, pre-1700 1700s– hale; N.E.D. (1898) also records a form Middle English ale.

β. Scottish pre-1700 haille, pre-1700 hayl, pre-1700 hayle, pre-1700 hayll, pre-1700 1700s haile, pre-1700 1700s– hail, pre-1700 1700s– haill.

γ. English regional (northern) 1600s haell, 1800s hael, 1800s heaal, 1800s heal, 1800s heale, 1800s heall, 1800s heeal, 1800s heeall, 1800s heyel, 1800s hyal, 1800s hyel, 1800s hyell, 1800s yail (Yorkshire), 1800s yeal (Yorkshire), 1800s yell (Northumberland and Cumberland), 1900s eahl (Yorkshire), 1900s hiyal; Scottish pre-1700 haell, pre-1700 heale, pre-1700 hele, pre-1700 1700s– heal, pre-1700 1800s hel, pre-1700 (1800s– Shetland) hael, pre-1700 1900s– heall, pre-1700 (1900s– Caithness) heill, pre-1700 1900s– hell, 1900s hyill (southern), 1900s– heel, 1900s– heil (Caithness).

Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymons: whole adj.; hail adj.
Etymology: Northern and Scots variant of whole adj. In later use outside English regional varieties and Scots in branch A. I. (compare sense A. 4 and also quot. 1579 at sense A. 1a) probably a spelling variant of hail adj. (compare sense 1 at that entry).Due to the use of the digraph ai for the reflex of Old English ā in Older Scots and occasionally in northern Middle English, the word is sometimes difficult to distinguish from hail adj. (a borrowing from early Scandinavian). Since later Scots forms suggest a development from Old English ā (compare also below), Older Scots forms with ai , ay have been covered at this entry (see β. forms); however, some of the earlier instances of β. forms may alternatively be interpreted as showing hail adj. Conversely, northern Middle English forms with ai , ay are covered at hail adj., although some of the instances may be interpreted as this word (compare, in particular, the examples at the rarely attested hail adj. 3, which come from Middle English sources that occasionally use ai for ā ). The γ. forms partly show regular phonological developments of the original ā in Older Scots and northern regional English, but probably partly show a continuation of heal adj.
A. adj.
I. In good health or condition; sound. In senses A. 1, A. 2 often in collocation with fere adj. in early use.
1.
a. Of a person or animal: free from disease; in good health, well. Also: recovered from disease. Chiefly Scottish after Middle English.In later use sometimes merging with sense A. 4.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > [adjective] > of health: good > healthy
wholeeOE
isoundOE
i-sundfulc1000
ferec1175
soundc1175
fish-wholea1225
forthlyc1230
steadfasta1300
wella1300
safec1300
tidya1325
halec1330
quartc1330
well-faringc1330
well-tempered1340
well-disposeda1398
wealyc1400
furnished1473
mighty?a1475
quartful?c1475
good1527
wholesomea1533
crank1548
healthful1550
healthy1552
hearty1552
healthsome1563
well-affected?1563
disposed1575
as sound as a bell1576
firm1577
well-conditioned1580
sound1605
unvaletudinary1650
all right1652
valid1652
as sound as a (alsoany) roach1655
fair-like1663
hoddy1664
wanton1674
stout?1697
trig1704
well-hained1722
sprack1747
caller1754
sane1755
finely1763
bobbish1780
cleverly1784
right1787
smart1788
fine1791
eucratic1795
nobbling1825
as right as a trivet1835
first rate1841
in fine, good, high, etc., feather1844
gay1855
sprackish1882
game ball1905
abled1946
well-toned1952
a hundred per cent1960
oke1960
the world > health and disease > healing > recovery > [adjective] > recovered
yheledc900
wholeeOE
safec1300
halec1330
healeda1400
recovered1477
bettered?1533
resuscitated1576
wella1616
stout?1697
a hundred per cent1960
c1330 Seven Sages (Auch.) (1933) l. 930 (MED) Þi sone scha[l] neuere more ben hale.
c1390 in Englische Studien (1877) 1 41 Men..Ne recche wheþer i be sek or hale.
a1400 (c1300) Northern Homily: Serm. on Gospels (Coll. Phys.) in Middle Eng. Dict. at Leprous This forsaid leprous was made hale.
?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 3638 (MED) He..had made diuerse hale and fere.
c1480 (a1400) Prol. 125 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 4 Of all sekness, and of all bale, In name of Ihesu þai mad haile.
1513 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid iv. Prol. 126 Ane haill mannis estait, In temperat warmnes, nother to cald nor hait.
1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. July 107 My seely sheepe..bene hale enough, I trowe.
1737 A. Ramsay Coll. Scots Prov. vi. 10 Be lang sick that ye may be soon hale.
1792 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) II. 667 Meg grew sick as he grew heal [rhyme tell].
1893 J. Crawford Sc. Verses 49 I'm hale an' rauckle, thank'e Wull.
1901 W. W. Smith New Test. in Braid Scots (Mark v. 28) 48 Gin I but touch his cleedin, I'se be made hale!
2004 S. Blackhall Lan o Tea & Tigers 13 Tae Ganesh I gie thanks. Thon God his elephants keeps hale an snod Fur elephants wi skitters wid blad Thailan's towrist trade fur guid.
†b. Morally sound or correct; virtuous; wholesome. Also: mentally sound, sane. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > advantage > [adjective] > wholesome
goodOE
wholeOE
wholesomec1175
whole?c1225
hailsome1372
healthfulc1384
haila1393
halea1400
salutairec1450
salutary1490
wholesome1549
salutiferec1550
salutiferous?c1550
healthy1552
healthsomea1563
salubrious1659
apple pie1960
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Coll. Phys.) l. 24650 Þi suet sun sa halle [Gött. hale] of hiht.
c1475 Babees Bk. (Harl. 5086) (2002) i. 4 Latte ay youre chere be lowly, blythe, and hale.
a1500 (?a1425) tr. Secreta Secret. (Lamb.) 47 (MED) Als longe als he leuyd was Alexander valiant by kepynge of-his hale counseil, folowand his biddyngys.
1525 tr. Test. of David Sinclair in Bannatyne Misc. (1855) III. 107 I David Sincler of Swynbrocht, Knycht, seik in my bodye nevir the less hail in to my mynd, makis my Testament.
1563 N. Winȝet Certain Tractates (1888) I. 97 Preist..that may instruct the peple be hale and syncere doctrine.
1743 R. Blair Grave 25 Fantastic Schemes, which the long Livers, In the World's hale and undegenerate Days, Could scarce have Leisure for!
1894 Yellow Bk. Apr. 208 The literature which reflects the hale and wholesome frankness of its age can be read, with pleasure and profit.
2.
a. Free from injury; physically sound, unhurt; safe. Also: healed of injury. Scottish, Irish English (northern), and (formerly) English regional (northern) after Middle English.Also modifying skin, bones, etc., used metonymically to indicate a person is uninjured or unharmed. Cf. skin n. Phrases 6. N.E.D. (1898) interpreted quot. 1609 as illustrating a sense ‘Possessing full rights as a citizen; not a “broken man” ( broken 9)’, for which evidence is lacking; the Dict. Older Sc. Tongue (1963) interprets it as showing this sense.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > [adjective]
safec1325
unharmed1340
safe and soona1393
sicker and safea1398
halea1400
lotlessa1400
harmless1418
unsunkc1586
hunk1856
hunky1861
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 24888 If þou will hale Cum o þis scip to land.
?a1425 Mandeville's Trav. (Egerton) (1889) 79 Þe dyamaund..kepez þe lymmes of a man hale.
1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) iii. 92 Ye King..eschapyt haile and fer.
c1550 Clariodus (1830) i. 142 Of his woundis he is not ȝit haill.
1609 J. Skene tr. Regiam Majestatem 80 He is oblissed onely to enter his persone, or bodie, gif he be ane haill man, in the court.
1678 J. Ray Coll. Eng. Prov. (ed. 2) 380 It is good sleeping in a heal skin.
1718 A. Ramsay Christ's-kirk on Green ii. 15 Blyth to win aff sae wi hale Banes.
1879 W. G. Lyttle Humorous Readings by Robin 22 I hae a guid min' tae thresh ye while there's a hale bane in yer buddy!
1902 Golf Illustr. 7 Nov. 101 ‘Better a sair heid an' safety than a hale skin an' ower the heid in saun’, as the Scotch gutty said to the topped Haskell.
2004 J. Waddell Halesome Farin' 55 The wee bird cam off awmaist hale, Tho it lost a feather fae oot its tail.
†b. Of the heart, spirit, etc.: emotionally sound; happy, carefree. Obsolete.In later use, perhaps implying contrast with a broken heart (cf. break v. 7c), and thus merging with sense A. 5.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > pleasure > cheerfulness > [adjective] > light-hearted > light (of heart)
lightOE
halea1522
unweighted1883
a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1960) xiii. vi. l. 48 Hys gud son thai suld do welcum and meit And with hail hart ressaue apon the streit.
1567 R. Sempill Test. & Trag. King Henrie (single sheet) It wald mak ony haill hairt sair.
1721 J. Kelly Compl. Coll. Scotish Prov. 18 A sore Sigh from a heal Heart. A Ridicule upon hypocritical Pretenders to Sorrow.
1788 J. Macaulay Poems Var. Subj. 142 Our spirits, than, were light an' haill, An' void o' care.
1805 R. Anderson Ballads in Cumberland Dial. 24 O heale be thy heart! my peer merry auld cronie.
1881 Scotsman 22 Oct. 9/4 No a hale heart i' the toon, No a dry e'e on the shore!
3. Of the appearance, or a physical attribute, of a person or thing: indicative of good health or condition; healthy, fresh. Now somewhat rare.
ΚΠ
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) v. l. 599 Weyll rewllyt off tong, rycht haill of contenance.
a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) i. l. 1338 Flouris..Hail of hew, haylssum of ayre.
1749 J. Cleland Mem. Woman of Pleasure I. 206 His..hale, ruddy, wholesome country look, made him out as pretty a piece of woman's meat as you should see.
1828 M. R. Mitford Our Village III. 196 A hale, jovial visage, a merry eye, a pleasant smile, and a general air of good-fellowship.
1879 R. L. Stevenson Trav. with Donkey 105 He was a grenadier in person with the hale colour and circular wrinkles of a peasant.
2016 S. Thomas Study in Scarlet Women viii. 94 There was a bluish cast to his skin, but not so much that Inspector Treadles couldn't tell that in life he had enjoyed a hale complexion, lightly tanned from time spent outdoors.
4. Free from infirmity or physical weakness; sound in constitution; robust, vigorous. Often in hale and hearty.Now the usual sense; frequently used of elderly people.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > [adjective] > of health: good > free from disease
soundc1175
hailc1275
unfect?1504
unsick?1536
sicklessa1547
unafflicted1599
uninfected1625
diseaseless1653
hale1684
undiseased1745
unaffected1793
undisordereda1807
afflictionless1874
symptom-free1962
1684 tr. Zosimus New Hist. iv. 244 A party of men that had been lately taken into the Army, who were lusty hale Fellows.
1734 C. Jarvis Let. 24 Nov. in J. Swift Lett. (1766) II. 126 Finding my old friend..so hale at 83–4.
1823 W. Scott Peveril I. i. 24 Then came the strong hale voice of the huntsman-soldier with its usual greeting.
1865 D. Livingstone & C. Livingstone Narr. Exped. Zambesi xxvi. 541 A hale hearty old age.
1916 J. Joyce Portrait of Artist ii. 66 Uncle Charles was a hale old man with a well tanned skin.
1956 S. Selvon Lonely Londoners 43 Some men in this world, they don't do nothing at all, and you feel that they would dead [sic] from starvation, but..they looking hale.
2007 Sunday Times 24 June (Eire News section) 1 The doctor is still hale and hearty at the age of 103.
II. Complete, undivided, total, and related senses. Chiefly (and now only) Scottish after Middle English.
5. Of material things: not divided or broken; entire, intact. Also more generally: undamaged.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > [adjective] > whole or intact
yholec1000
wholeOE
all wholec1175
hale1357
haila1400
intactc1450
undeflowereda1533
dintless1558
pure1607
undinteda1616
entirea1631
neat1715
J. Gaytryge Lay Folks' Catech. (York Min.) (1901) l. 318 (MED) Cristes owen bodi in likeness of brede, Als hale as he toke it of that blessed maiden.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 19313 We find..þe dors sperd, þe walles hale.
c1540 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1901) I. i. xxi. 118 Ane hede of ane man, with visage hale but ony corruptioun.
1592 in Rec. Parl. Scotl. to 1707 (2007) 1592/4/58 Anent the bringing of all pakkis of Inglis claith haill unbrokin up to the custume hous.
1621 in S. Ree Rec. Elgin (1908) II. 166 Delyverit to William Mortimer for upholding of the kirk windowis in haell glass iiij lib.
1669 Hist. Sir Eger 19 Had your weapons holden hale, He had been either tane or slain.
1786 R. Burns Poems 28 Hale breeks.
1813 E. Picken Misc. Poems I. 33 Ye [sc. a pair of shoes] did right weel whan ye war hale.
1878 R. W. Thom Courtship Jock o' Knowe (ed. 2) 39 Routh o' potatoes—champit an' hale I' their ragged jackets.
1928 ‘P. Grey’ Making of King 31 Here's me gane an' mixed up the hale eggs wi' the crackit anes!
2004 J. Waddell Halesome Farin' 88 The cabbage whites hae spilet ma kale, There isnae ane that's clean an hale.
6. Chiefly of abstract things (esp. a period of time): lacking no part, element, or essential characteristic; full, entire, complete; perfect.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > [adjective] > in number or extent
fulleOE
plainc1330
halea1400
absolute1610
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 419 He [sc. God] fordestend tuin creature to serue him..þat suld be of a numbre hale.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 9262 Fra adam þa ald..to crist es tald..Sexti hale generacions.
a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) l. 3933 Þe space of alle ane hale yhere.
a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1960) xi. iii. 74 Thus said Drances, and all the remanent Tharto annerdis with haill voce and consent.
1553 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Eneados vii. ix. 105 With hale [(ed. Small) haill] routis Ascaneus to reskew.
1655 in W. Chambers Charters Burgh Peebles (1909) II. 33 Ane pynt aill..to each man that shall work a haill day.
1796 J. Lauderdale Coll. Poems Sc. Dial. 5 Able..for to out-wit a hale convention.
1894 S. R. Crockett Raiders xxiv. 213 They say that King Robert..laired and bogged a hale army o' the English there.
1947 New Shetlander No. 1. 10 I mind mony a time wis gjaan hael days athoot preevin a morsel.
2001 J. Paisley Not for Glory 23 Wicca made a hale lot mair sense than the kird.
7. In attributive use, following a determiner or possessive. The total amount or extent of; every part of, all; whole, entire, full.Formerly pleonastically or emphatically modified by all. Cf. all whole adj.
a. Modifying a singular or collective noun.
ΚΠ
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 6420 Had godds folk þe hale maistri.
c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 441 Halden heuysdman [read heuydman] of all þe hale werde.
1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) i. 274 Ye halle condicioun off a threll.
c1570 J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1830) 8 Swa all the hail symer..I was earnistly occupied.
c1650 J. Spalding Memorialls Trubles Scotl. & Eng. (1850) I. 18 The laird..his ladie and haill houshold.
1690 Information for Mr. Alexander Heriot (new ed.) 1 The Witnesses being overawed and interrupted in their Examinations, and not allowed to declare the hail Truth.
1700 in J. Wilson Ann. Hawick (1850) 108 The town's piper, for..playing with the great pipe thro the haill towne, is fined £100 Scots.
1786 R. Burns Poems 220 Somebody tells the Poacher-Court, The hale affair.
1816 W. Scott Antiquary II. vi. 176 The hale folk here..hae made a vow to ruin my trade.
1863 Tyneside Songs 25 Aw elways gan The yell hog or nyen.
1911 G. M. Gordon Auld Clay Biggin' 2 Mair rumblegumption i' ane o' her finger ens nar puir auld Davy wud hae i' his hale body.
2015 E. Buchanan in New Writing Scotl. 33 13 When I cam in here I wis that scunnert I wis ready tae gie the hale thing the elba.
b. Modifying a plural noun. In early use also as postmodifier, or separated from the noun.
ΚΠ
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 2992 And cald his men be for him hale.
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) i. l. 357 Thai landis hayle than was his heretage.
1558–9 in J. Stuart Misc. Spalding Club (1849) IV. 57 That thair be send letteris monitouris vpon the haill personis, abotis and prioris, to caus preching to be maid.
a1600 ( W. Stewart tr. H. Boece Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) I. l. 327 Thair victuallis haill wer consumit aw.
c1600 Hist. & Life James VI (1825) 117 The haill subjects of this realme.
1688 in Bannatyne Misc. (1836) II. 293 The heall bookis, paper, and uther materiellis in his choap.
1700 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Glasgow (1908) IV. 298 To cleang, muck and keep clean the saids haill wells, for the space of five years.
1762 in Minutes of Evid. Nairne Peerage (1873) 92 in Sessional Papers House of Lords (H.L. A) XII. 65 The lands of Tullybeagles with the tiends parsonage and vicarage of the saids haill lands.
1819 W. Scott Legend of Montrose vi, in Tales of my Landlord 3rd Ser. III. 268 The hale Hielands are asteer.
2004 J. Law Recorded Interview (SCOTS transcript) in www.scottishcorpus.ac.uk Interview 5 I wouldnae like to think that the hale energies of the Scots Language movement were pittin in till..makin official versions o every bit of nonsense that the Executive ivver pits oot.
†8. With a singular or collective noun, without article: all, all of, the whole of.
a. poetic. Following or separated from the noun, or in apposition to a pronoun. Obsolete.Passing into, and often difficult to distinguish from, adverbial use; cf. sense C.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > the whole or all > [adjective]
alleOE
altogetherOE
allOE
wholea1325
halea1400
altogethers1569
orl1898
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 13303 Tuelue þai war to tell in tale, Quen þat þai war to-gedir hale.
c1480 (a1400) St. Placidus 301 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 78 He..dide his payne hale To bring hym to butlas bale.
1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. diiii All that I haue wndir hewyne I hald of you haill In firth forest and fell.
c1580 ( tr. Bk. Alexander (1921) II. ii. 3959 The laif duelt at thare counsale hale.
b. In attributive use. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
c1480 (a1400) St. Thomas Apostle 22 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 129 Quhen þu hale ynd has to me conuertyt.
a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1959) ix. iii. l. 174 We mystir not a thousand schippis. All thocht hail Tuscany in to falloschippis With thame adione.
c1580 ( tr. Bk. Alexander (1921) II. ii. l. 3842 Auyse ȝow, schir, or ȝe be wraith, To-day and hale to-morne baith!
†9. Chiefly modifying an agent noun or its equivalent: sole, only. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > one > only one > [adjective]
onlepyeOE
aefauldeOE
onlyOE
soleinc1369
solea1398
halea1400
seul1477
anerlyc1485
alonelya1513
allenarlya1525
singulara1555
fellowlessa1586
unfellowed1597
unique1601
lone1602
unical1605
single1633
solitarya1634
exclusive1790
one-off1934
one-of-a-kind1954
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) l. 22256 (MED) Þer salle be a king of fraunce þat of þe romaine sal empire hale lorde be and sire.
c1480 (a1400) St. Matthias 137 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 226 He hyme mad hale kepare of al þe thinge.
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) i. l. 140 Protector haile he maid hym of Scotland.
1553 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Eneados ii. f. xxxvii Now Sinon Is vyctor haill.
1578–1600 in J. G. Dalyell Scotish Poems 16th Cent. (1801) II. 153 Thy helpe and haill succour.
B. n.4
Scottish. The whole amount or number; the entirety. In early use frequently in †in (the) hale: in total, altogether, all in all (obsolete). Now usually in the hale of: the whole of; all of.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > the whole or all > [noun] > the whole quantity, number, or amount
fullOE
suma1382
universitya1382
your university1385
wholea1393
amountment?a1400
wholenessa1425
hale1437
aggregatec1443
rate1472
total1557
the whole ware1563
lump1576
gross1579
totality1598
universarya1604
general1608
population1612
amount1615
totum1656
totea1772
complete1790
factorial1869
collectivity1882
the world > relative properties > wholeness > the whole or all > that is all or the whole [phrase] > in all or altogether
by numbera1375
in numbera1375
in allc1380
first and lastc1390
all wholea1393
in companya1393
in sum1399
full and whole1402
in great1421
whole and somec1425
in (the) whole1432
one with another1436
in (the) hale1437
all in great1533
up and down1562
one and other1569
in (the) aggregate1644
all told1814
1437 in C. Innes Registrum de Dunfermelyn (1842) 285 The qwhilk land..is of quantite tua acris..in the hale.
1497 in T. Dickson Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1877) I. 250 For xxxvj laid of colys, the price of the laid v d., the hayll xv s.
a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) iv. l. 1785 He sulde be kynge of al þe haile, Þat cummyn war be lyne famale.
1640 in L. B. Taylor Aberdeen Council Lett. (1950) II. 197 [It is] reportit that thair is above fyftene hundreth hors in haill already.
1731 in H. Hamilton Select. Monymusk Papers (1945) 5 A flax bed, a bolster..a stand and rush bottom'd chair estimate in haile at six shillings.
1829 J. Hogg Shepherd's Cal. II. i. 13 He sits knitting..quarrelling wi' the haill o' them.
1836 J. Affleck Poet. Wks. 81 My tocher's fifty pound in hale.
1983 S. Baxter & A. Mitchell Let's parliamo Glasgow Again 80 Cowp the hale o' yur dough oot the boul.
2016 @lauraswanston 23 Mar. in twitter.com (O.E.D. Archive) I canna even bring myself to watch the hale of that video.
C. adv.
†1. Scottish. hale (and) together: all together, in one group; esp. (with reference to a sum of money) in total. Cf. whole together at whole adv. 2. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > [adverb] > together > all together
whole togethera1400
hale and together1466
1466 in T. Thomson Acts Lords Auditors (1839) 5/1 Ay and quhill he be..pait of the soume of x li. hale togidder vppoun a day.
1480 in W. Fraser Douglas Bk. (1885) III. 111 The quhilk somme sal be pait in this maner,..tua hundereth merkis and ane half, hail and togidder.
1591 in W. Fraser Sutherland Bk. (1892) III. 171 Our procuratouris..in the feriat tyme may nocht be haill togiddir conuenit.
1668 Irvine Deeds (MS) in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue (2001) X. 604/1 Haill & togither in one soume in good & sufficient current money.
2. Scottish after Middle English. Wholly, completely, entirely. Often preceding a numeral: fully; no fewer or less than. Now rare. Sc. National Dict. (at Hail adj.) records this sense as still in use in Moray and Aberdeen in 1956.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > [adverb]
yhollichec1315
whollyc1330
halelya1400
integrally1471
halec1480
integrately1485
entirely1491
wholewise1674
c1480 (a1400) St. Mary of Egypt 102 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 299 To þe varld ded vare [þai] hayle.
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) i. l. 9 Contrar haile thair will.
a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Adv. 19.2.3) i. l. 347 He come wiþ giandis haill tuenty On Brutus and his cumpany.
1584 King James VI & I Ess. Prentise Poesie sig. H Ane hors, when he is barded haile.
1808 W. Watson Misc. Sc. Poetry 28 I've e'en a dainty packet kist, Hale seven sarks without a brist.
1862 A. Hislop Prov. Scotl. 32 Better ae e'e than hail blind.
1923 R. Thomas Sandie McWhustler's Waddin' 208 What wey has Mr M'Tavish gotten hale twa hunner a year an' ma man jist gets twal pun' ten ilka fornicht?
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

halev.1

Brit. /heɪl/, U.S. /heɪl/, Scottish English /ˈhel/, Irish English /ˈheːl/
Forms: Middle English ale, Middle English halie (southern), Middle English halle, Middle English halye (south-west midlands), Middle English–1500s haale, Middle English (chiefly north midlands)–1500s hayle, Middle English– hale, 1500s–1600s hail; English regional 1800s ally (Worcestershire), 1800s hail (northern), 1800s hayl (Lancashire); Scottish pre-1700 hayle, pre-1700 heill, pre-1700 1700s– hail, pre-1700 1700s– haill, pre-1700 1700s– hale. See also haul v.
Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French haler.
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French haler to haul, to tow, to hoist (12th cent.; French haler ) < a form in a West Germanic language < the same Germanic base as Old Frisian halia (West Frisian helje ), Middle Dutch halen (Dutch halen ), Old Saxon halon (Middle Low German hālen ), Old High German halōn (Middle High German haln ), and also (with different ablaut: zero-grade) Old High German holōn (Middle High German holen , holn , German holen ), in a range of senses ‘to drag, to pull, to haul, to fetch, to take away, to collect, to come together, to acquire, to achieve, to summon, to demand, to provide, to impose, to accept’, probably < the same Indo-European base as ancient Greek καλεῖν to call, to name, classical Latin calāre to announce, to summon (see calends n.), and perhaps also Old Russian kolokol′′ bell (Russian kolokol ) and Latvian kaļot to talk idly; compare hell v.3Compare Old Icelandic (rare) hala , Swedish hala , Danish hale , in a range of senses ‘to fetch, to pull, to drag, to tow’ (all < Middle Low German, Dutch, or English), and also ( < French) Spanish halar (c1573), Portuguese alar (1529), Italian alare (1577). Compare Old English geholian to obtain, showing a prefixed derivative < the same Germanic base. In Middle English prefixed and unprefixed forms of the past participle are attested (see y- prefix).
Now chiefly superseded by haul v.
1.
a. transitive. To draw or pull (a person or thing) along, or from one place to another, esp. with force or violence; to drag, tug. Frequently with adverb or prepositional complement.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > impelling or driving > pushing and pulling > push and pull [verb (transitive)] > pull > forcibly
halec1275
hurlc1305
ruga1325
windc1400
lugc1540
haul1581
pully-haul1839
snake1856
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 8340 Touward Hengest he leop..and i-grap hine bi þan toppe & hine æfter him halede.
a1300 (c1275) Physiologus (1991) l. 160 Ðe mire..Gaddreð ilkines sed..Haleð to hire hole.
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. vii. vii. 351 Þat he be drawe and ihalid strongliche be þe here of his berd and of his hed.
1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende f. ccclxiiiv/2 She remembryd how Ihesus..was..haled forth and mocked.
c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 179 The grekes..Prayd to priam..ffor to hale in a horse hastely of bras.
1576 W. Lambarde Perambulation of Kent 203 He..drewe and haled the reste out of the doores, by the haire and heeles.
1611 Bible (King James) Acts viii. 3 Saul..hailing men and women, committed them to prison. View more context for this quotation
1649 Bp. J. Taylor Great Exemplar iii. xix. 153 As one hal'd to execution.
1726 Four Years Voy. Capt. G. Roberts 271 I saw it was only a Piece of a Ship's Quarter, but had no convenient Place to hale it ashore.
1785 To Landowners & Traders Counties Worcester & Gloucester 3 These latter are Labourers..who..will leave their common Employment for this of haling Barges.
1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. I. v. v. 253 ‘Some score or two’..are indignantly haled to prison.
1916 McBride's Mag. Jan. 34/2 Gunnar..soon had the wagon out of the shedding and haled it into the forecourt.
2002 Church Times 10 May 28/5 Esther's rampant ‘Flatt'ring tongue’, which mocks Haman's wheedling, and hales the tyrannical villain off to the headsman.
b. transitive. Now Scottish. To draw (something) towards oneself or itself, esp. with force or difficulty; to pull up, in, etc. In later use esp.: to haul in (a fishing net or fishing line).
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > impelling or driving > pushing and pulling > push and pull [verb (transitive)] > pull
teea900
drawOE
tighta1000
towc1000
tirea1300
pullc1300
tugc1320
halea1393
tilla1400
tolla1400
pluckc1400
retract?a1475
hook1577
tew1600
hike1867
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. l. 273 (MED) There ben diverse impressions Of moist and ek of drye also, Whiche of the Sonne bothe tuo Ben drawe and haled upon hy.
?c1400 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (BL Add. 10340) (1868) iii. met. ii. l. 1876 Þe ȝerde of a tree þat is haled adoun by myȝty strengþe bowiþ redely þe croppe adoun.
Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 223 Halyn, or drawyn, traho.
c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) vi. 32 Hail al and ane. hail hym vp til vs...The ankyr vas halit vp abufe the vattir.
1577 R. Stanyhurst Hist. Irelande iii. 104/2 in R. Holinshed Chron. I He was haled vp in the Basket.
1632 W. Watts Swedish Intelligencer: 2nd Pt. 14 The enemies..presently lay hold upon the chaynes to hale up the draw-bridge.
1644 K. Digby Two Treat. i. xix. 168 A..pinne of wood, ouer which they vse to hale their lace when they wind it.
1778 J. Mair Book-keeping Modernized (ed. 2) App. x. 610/2 A wet dock is a place to which a ship is haled in by the help of the tide.
1842 Ld. Tennyson St. Simeon Stylites in Poems (new ed.) II. 56 The rope that haled the buckets from the well.
1950 Scots Mag. Apr. 58 For they've nae eese for a sorry chiel that cwidna haill a net.
2012 @Pipa_Riggs 23 June in twitter.com (O.E.D. Archive) Sofas now clear of living room just the tele panel and stuff to be shifted and laminate to be haled up!
c. intransitive. To pull, tug; = haul v. 2a. Also with at, on, etc. Now archaic.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > impelling or driving > pushing and pulling > push and pull [verb (intransitive)] > pull
pullOE
tirea1300
drawc1300
halea1393
pluck?a1425
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. l. 5023 Bardus..caste his corde..Into the pet..this lord of Rome it nam..And thanne he bad to Bardus hale.
c1400 (?c1380) Patience l. 219 Haþeles hyȝed..on sydeȝ to rowe, Hef and hale vpon hyȝt to helpen hym seluen.
1440 J. Capgrave Life St. Norbert (1977) l. 12 Now lete hem rende, lete hem hale & pulle.
c1500 (?a1437) Kingis Quair (1939) clxix Thou art to feble of thy-self..to clymbe or to hale Withoutin help.
a1555 J. Bradford Let. in J. Foxe Actes & Monuments (1570) III. 1825/2 Hale on apace..and merely hoyse vp your sayles.
c1580 F. Drake in World Encompassed by Sir F. Drake (1854) App. iv. 213 I must have a gentleman to hayle and draw with the mariner, and the maryner with the gentleman.
1612 T. Taylor Αρχὴν Ἁπάντων: Comm. Epist. Paul to Titus iii. 3 The Minister may hale and pull, but vnlesse the Father draw, none come to the Sonne.
1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 297/2 Two men..do thrust down this staffe, to the middle whereof is fastned a rope..to hale by.
1711 W. Sutherland Ship-builders Assistant 161 To Heave, to hale or pull by turning round the Capstan.
1879 R. L. Stevenson Trav. with Donkey 42 A yoke of..stolid oxen were patiently haling at the plough.
1919 E. Goodwin Duchess of Siona iv. 84 They ceased haling, and halted to let him up.
1990 D. L. McKiernan Dragondoom xxxvii. 369 Elyn swiftly stood and haled hard leftward on the reins.
2. Senses equivalent to specific uses of pull or draw.
†a. transitive. Nautical. To raise, hoist (a sail); to pull on (a tackle or rope) in order to raise a sail. Also with up. Occasionally also: to take down (a sail). Obsolete.In quot. 1883 in figurative context.
ΚΠ
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. l. 5431 (MED) Theseus..bad unto the Schipmen tho Hale up the seil and noght abyde.
?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) i. l. 11769 Þe saile on ȝerd fest þei fast..boulyne to set, boulyne to hale.
c1400 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Laud) (1952) l. 990 Hij setten mast and halen sayle.
?1506 Thystorye vii. Wyse Maysters Rome (new ed.) sig. Kvi The maryners haled vp the sayles and sayled forth.
1582 N. Lichefield tr. F. L. de Castanheda 1st Bk. Hist. Discouerie E. Indias xxviii. f. 71 They beganne..euery man to vse his seuerall office, the Gouernour in the midst of the ship, haling the maine sheetes.
1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. v. 19 When wee hale any Tackle or Haleyard to which two blocks doe belong, when they meet, we call that blocke and blocke.
1705 tr. G. Guillet de Saint-Georges Gentleman's Dict. iii. at Sail If much Wind, then, Hale down Fore-top-sail!
1745 Admiral Mathews's Charge against Vice-Admiral Lestock Confuted (Dublin ed.) 20 She was before his beam, her top-gallant sails lowered,..her courses being haled [(London ed.) halled] up.
1883 R. L. Stevenson Silverado Squatters 180 They were hull-down for us behind life's ocean, and we but hailed their topsails on the line.
b. transitive. To pull (a person or thing) apart, esp. violently; to rend; to tear to pieces. Usually with adverbial complement, as asunder, apart, etc. archaic and rare after 18th cent.figurative in quot. 1621.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > tearing or tearing apart > tear [verb (transitive)] > tear apart
to-loukc890
to-braidc893
to-tearc893
to-teec893
to-rendc950
to-breakc1200
to-tugc1220
to-lima1225
rivea1250
to-drawa1250
to-tosea1250
drawa1300
rendc1300
to-rit13..
to-rivec1300
to-tusec1300
rakea1325
renta1325
to-pullc1330
to-tightc1330
tirec1374
halea1398
lacerate?a1425
to-renta1425
yryve1426
raga1450
to pull to (or in) piecesc1450
ravec1450
discerp1483
pluck1526
rip1530
decerp1531
rift1534
dilaniate1535
rochec1540
rack1549
teasea1550
berend1577
distract1585
ream1587
distrain1590
unrive1592
unseam1592
outrive1598
divulse1602
dilacerate1604
harrow1604
tatter1608
mammocka1616
uprentc1620
divell1628
divellicate1638
seam-rend1647
proscind1659
skail1768
screeda1785
spret1832
to tear to shreds1837
ribbon1897
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. xii. i. 599 Kynde ȝeueþ..croked billes..to hale and to drawe fleische þe more esylyche.
a1533 Ld. Berners tr. Arthur of Brytayn (?1560) liii. f. lxiv/1 He caused such a tempest..to ryse.., that it..tare downe lodgynges and haled asonder ropes.
1573 T. Twyne tr. Virgil in T. Phaer & T. Twyne tr. Virgil Whole .xii. Bks. Æneidos xii. sig. Mm.iv With nayles her purple robes in ragges she hales.
1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy iii. ii. ii. i. 547 Thou shalt be hailed a-pieces with..some passion or other.
1683 W. Assheton Cry of Royal Innocent Blood 90 The Usurper..was continually terrified with frightful Visions of Devils, that seemed to tear and hale him in pieces.
1741 D. Turner Art of Surg. (ed. 6) I. §i. 18 The nervous Fibrilliæ having now undergone their utmost Stretch, and ceasing to be longer haled [earlier edd. halled] asunder.
1897 R. G. Davies tr. E. Wynne Visions Sleeping Bard iii. 99 It would be an easier task to hale apart old beavers than one of these.
1991 E. S. Connell Alchymist's Jrnl. (1992) 42 Galled, fortuitous, mummers swallowing rhubarb and turbith, haled in pieces by envy.
†c. intransitive. To take a pull or draught of a drink, esp. an alcoholic one; to drink. Obsolete.Quot. c1400 could possibly be read as showing to hale off, with the sense ‘to drain the contents of (a cup); to drink off’.
ΚΠ
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 1520 (MED) As uch on hade hym inhelde, he haled of þe cuppe.
a1450 ( Libel Eng. Policy (Laud) in T. Wright Polit. Poems & Songs (1861) II. 169 Twoo Flemmynges..Wol undertake..to drinke a barelle fulle Of gode berkyne; so sore they hale and pulle, Undre the borde they pissen as they sitte.
a1500 (?a1400) Tale King Edward & Shepherd (Cambr.) (1930) l. 198 (MED) I dar lay with hym ale Þat whoso sonyst hittys a bauke, For to haue þe toþer haut To what thyng he will hale.
†d. transitive. To cause (something, esp. a part of the body) to shrink or contract. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1495 Trevisa's Bartholomeus De Proprietatibus Rerum (de Worde) v. ii. sig. giv/1 In the stomak..the fumositees..come to the brayne, &..drawe & hale [a1398 BL Add. tohaleþ] the skynnes of the brayne and brede ache in the same skynnes.
1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion xiii. 218 The place that's haled with the Crampe.
†e. transitive. To draw back (an arrow) on the string of a bow. Also: to pull back (the string of a bow). Also with up. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
c1500 King & Hermit in M. M. Furrow Ten 15th-cent. Comic Poems (1985) 267 An arow..In hys low [read bow] he it throng, And to þe hede he gan it hale.
1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid v. ix. 36 Mynestheus..Onto the heid has halit wp on hie, Baith arrow and ene etland at the merk.
1638 H. Adamson Muses Threnodie i. 4 With three fingers hailing up the string, The bow in semicircle did I bring.
3.
†a. intransitive. Chiefly with adverb or prepositional complement, as off, forth, out of, etc. To move along as if drawn or pulled, esp. with force or haste; to hasten, rush. In later use chiefly of a sailing ship: to move before the wind; to sail. Also figurative. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > action or motion of vessel > [verb (intransitive)] > make progress
enforcec1340
halec1400
to make way1490
heave1626
forge1769
walk1806
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 136 Þer hales in at þe halle dor an aghlich mayster.
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 380 (MED) Heterly to þe hyȝe hyllez þay aled on faste.
c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 962 (MED) He halis [a1500 Trin. Dublin hyes] furth on hede.
c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 185v He..halit on full hard vnto the hegh Sea.
?1574 W. Bourne Regiment for Sea xiv. f. 42 You do hale off from the land, vntill that you haue brought your selfe farre inough off.
1629 Z. Boyd Last Battell Soule (new ed.) vi. 848 The faithfull Soule haling like an Hawke for to flie from the mortall heart.
1667 London Gaz. No. 221/1 Several other ships are haleing out of this Harbor.
1727 A. Hamilton New Acct. E. Indies II. lii. 256 A more convenient Place..for the Man of War to hale ashore.
1757 J. Entick New Naval Hist. vi. i. 671/1 They haled off close on a Wind for Lobos.
b. intransitive. To flow, esp. copiously; to stream, pour. Chiefly with down, off, over. Now Scottish and Irish English (northern).Chiefly with reference to tears or (now especially) sweat.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or process of flowing > flow [verb (intransitive)] > away > in a stream or river
halec1400
distreamc1750
c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 125 Doun after a strem, þat dryȝly haleȝ.
tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) xi. l. 284 Ffrom grapis blake a myghty wyn wole hale.
a1529 J. Skelton Phyllyp Sparowe (?1545) sig. A.iiv I wept and I wayled The tearys downe hayled.
1553 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Eneados i. xxv Thus said he,..and wepand tendirlie The flude of teris, haling ouer his face.
a1783 Rose Red in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1886) II. 418/2 Drops o blude..Came hailing to the groun.
a1835 W. Motherwell in Whistle-Binkie (1838) 1st Ser. 101 Het tears are hailin' ower your cheek, And hailin' ower your chin.
1863 J. Nicholson Kilwuddie 26 The sweat cam' hailin' doon.
1998 N. Harper Spik o the Place 69 The sweat wis jist halin aff him.
†c. intransitive. With adverbial complement. To reach, extend; to project. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > extension in space > extend in space [verb (intransitive)]
bredeOE
comeOE
ylasta1175
drawc1180
areachc1225
lastc1275
tillc1290
durea1300
reachc1330
spreada1400
halec1400
reignc1400
splatec1440
extend1481
endure1523
span1535
discoursea1547
wina1578
distend1581
intend1594
sweep1789
outlie1876
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 788 A ful huge heȝt hit [sc. the wall] haled vpon lofte.
c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure l. 2077 (MED) The hede [of the spear] haylede owtt behynde ane halfe fote large.
4. figurative.
†a. transitive. To draw (a person) to or into a condition, course of action, etc., esp. by command or moral force; to compel, induce; to entice. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > obedience > compulsion > compel [verb (transitive)] > to or into an action or state
needeOE
driveOE
strainc1374
halec1400
plunge?c1400
thrust14..
pulla1425
put1425
compel1541
violent?1551
forcec1592
necessitate1629
oblige1632
dragoon1689
press1733
coercea1853
thirl1871
steamroller1959
arm-twist1964
c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. viii. l. 95 Dobest..bereth a bisschopes crosse, Is hoked on þat one ende, to halie men fro helle [C text c1400 Huntington HM 137 And halye with [þe] hoked ende ille men to goode].
c1430 (c1370) G. Chaucer A.B.C. (Cambr. Gg.4.27) (1878) l. 68 Whan a soule fallyþ in errour Þyn pete goþ & halyþ him ageyn.
c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 724 Lat þou þi hert neuer þe hiȝere hale in-to pride [a1500 Trin. Dublin hale to þe pride].
1576 A. Fleming tr. Cicero in Panoplie Epist. 54 [It] haleth me into a certaine hope of perpetual renowne.
a1629 W. Hinde Faithfull Remonstr. (1641) ii. 7 They..hale and force them by their commands and threats.
1704 S. Grascome Postscript 16 in Occas. Conformity One would be tempted to think they were haled into Controversie against their Judgments.
1869 J. H. Friswell Ess. Eng. Writers x. 139 Garrick haled on one hand by Tragedy and on the other by Comedy.
1908 T. Hardy Dynasts: Pt. 3rd i. i. 4 The hunger for embranglement..has..haled us recklessly to horrid war.
b. transitive. Frequently with in. To introduce (a subject, author, text, etc.) to an argument or discussion in a forced manner, inappropriately, or unnecessarily; to drag in.
ΚΠ
1563 L. Humphrey Nobles or of Nobilitye iii. sig. r.v Albeit so cleare a matter, neede not many prooues: yet for maugre their heades, I would hale theym to my purpose.
1567 T. Harding Reioindre to M. Iewels Replie against Masse i. f. 14v Pachymeres is haled in whether he wil or no, to be a witnesse in this wrong cause.
1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan iv. xliv. 347 Texts..haled to their purposes by force of wit.
1718 S. D'Oyley tr. Christian Eloquence vi. 98 Phrases haled in with Violence, in which every word is numbered, and all the Syllables weighed.
1807 Edinb. Rev. Oct. 36 If every writer..was to be haled into this system.., we wonder that the list was so narrow.
1918 Eng. Hist. Rev. Jan. 138 Any fact relating to the second Anza expedition which is ‘not discussed by Anza in his letters’..is haled in afterwards out of its chronological sequence, but for what reason the author alone knows.
2007 A. Theroux Laura Warholic xxx. 462 Democracy..is always haled in to excuse its own defeat.
c. transitive. With preposition or adverb, as before, in, into, etc. To bring (a person) before a court or other authority for trial or reprimand; to call to account. Cf. haul v. 1d. Now U.S. and Philippine English.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > interrogation > question, interrogate [verb (transitive)] > call to account
areasonc1250
arraignc1360
to do (also put, set) to reasona1400
reasona1400
to call to account1434
hale1587
try1970
1587 J. Bridges Def. Govt. Church of Eng. xii. 1017 If thou haste against another a ciuill action or controuersy, it is an vncurteous and hard part that thou shouldest straightwayes hale him into the publike Iudgements.
1698 W. Caton tr. Eusebius Abridgm. Eccl. Hist (ed. 2) 108 It was not lawful for them to put any Man to death; yet in the mean time they could hale them before their Councils.
1884 Evening News (London) 22 Sept. 3/4 F. Webb..was haled up before them again on Saturday, and severely reprimanded.
1946 Pittsburgh Courier 27 July 21/4 Juvenile delinquency has jumped 56 per cent... Among boys, the largest group, 33 per cent, were haled in for stealing.
2005 Manila Times (Nexis) 5 Mar. Most of the suspected terrorists they have haled into court have walked free because of insufficient evidence.
†5. transitive. To harass (a person) persistently; to harry; to pester. Cf. haul v. 1c. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being harassed > harass [verb (transitive)]
tawc893
ermec897
swencheOE
besetOE
bestandc1000
teenOE
baitc1175
grieve?c1225
war?c1225
noyc1300
pursuec1300
travailc1300
to work (also do) annoyc1300
tribula1325
worka1325
to hold wakenc1330
chase1340
twistc1374
wrap1380
cumbera1400
harrya1400
vexc1410
encumber1413
inquiet1413
molest?a1425
course1466
persecutec1475
trouble1489
sturt1513
hare1523
hag1525
hale1530
exercise1531
to grate on or upon1532
to hold or keep waking1533
infest1533
scourge1540
molestate1543
pinch1548
trounce1551
to shake upa1556
tire1558
moila1560
pester1566
importune1578
hunt1583
moider1587
bebait1589
commacerate1596
bepester1600
ferret1600
harsell1603
hurry1611
gall1614
betoil1622
weary1633
tribulatea1637
harass1656
dun1659
overharry1665
worry1671
haul1678
to plague the life out of1746
badger1782
hatchel1800
worry1811
bedevil1823
devil1823
victimize1830
frab1848
mither1848
to pester the life out of1848
haik1855
beplague1870
chevy1872
obsede1876
to get on ——1880
to load up with1880
tail-twist1898
hassle1901
heckle1920
snooter1923
hassle1945
to breathe down (the back of) (someone's) neck1946
to bust (a person's) chops1953
noodge1960
monster1967
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 579/1 I harye, or mysse entreate or hale one.
1568 T. North tr. A. de Guevara Dial Princes (rev. ed.) iv. xii. f. 140v O what pyty is it..to see him that is a suter in the court, to bee long haled with a tedious sute.
1641 J. Milton Of Reformation 85 To let them still hale us, and worrey us with their band-dogs, and Pursivants.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

halev.2

Brit. /heɪl/, U.S. /heɪl/, Scottish English /ˈhel/
Forms: Middle English hale; Scottish pre-1700 haile, pre-1700 haill, pre-1700 1900s hale, 1800s– hael, 1900s hyill (southern).
Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymons: whole v.; heal v.1
Etymology: Northern and Scots variant of whole v. (compare hale adj.). In later use perhaps partly an alteration of heal v.1 after hale adj. (compare hale n.2).
Scottish after Middle English.
transitive. To restore (a person) to health or soundness; to heal (an injury); to cure (a disease).In quot. 1604 in figurative context.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > heal or cure [verb (transitive)]
lechnec900
helpc950
beetc975
healc1000
temperc1000
leechc1175
amendc1300
halec1330
soundc1374
sanec1386
warishc1386
defenda1400
rectifya1400
salve1411
lokenc1425
redress?c1425
recure?a1439
guarish1474
cure1526
medify1543
recover1548
resanate1599
sanate1623
sain1832
c1330 Seven Sages (Auch.) (1933) l. 899 (MED) To Ypocras anon he sent Þat he scholde come his sone to hale.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 14157 Þai troud þat he moght þair broþer hale of all his soght [Fairf. make him hool].
?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) ii. l. 104 Fiue woundes þat ere not ȝit haled, ne salle be many stoundes.
a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) xcvii. §2. 347 Tha that ere halyd [?c1400 Sidney Sussex holed] in trouth and luf.
1559 D. Lindsay Test. Papyngo l. 789 in Wks. (1931) I In name of Christe thay halit mony hounder, Rasyng the dede, and purgeing the possest.
1604 J. Fraser Offer maid to Gentilman of Qualitie 21 The makair of al prophets heth sent ws to the kirk: why shall shee not haue the vertue to hail ws of our leprosie of ignorance?
1662 in J. R. N. Macphail Highland Papers (1920) III. 18 She promised to be his servand and he [sc. the Devil]..put his mouth upon the sore and hailled it.
1856 H. S. Riddell Gospel St. Matthew iv. 23 Hælin' a' kinkind o' ailment.
1922 Swatches o' Hamespun 46 Reddin' kames, haelin' saw.
1987 D. Purves Ill Guidmither (SCOTS) ii. i It didna tak hir verra lang for ti hael Moula's mittilt bodie.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† haleint.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French hale, hare.
Etymology: < Old French, Middle French hale (late 13th cent.), variant of hare (of uncertain, probably imitative origin). Compare harrow int., halloo int.
Obsolete.
A shout or exclamation used to attract attention.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > attention > attracting attention > call for attention [interjection]
loOE
lookOE
heya1225
halec1300
notac1392
what hoc1405
yoa1475
behold1535
hist1599
nota benea1721
see1863
psst1875
the mind > attention and judgement > importance > [interjection] > emphasizing a following statement
whatOE
loOE
lookOE
aha1225
loura1225
halec1300
why1545
if (also and) you pleasec1563
ahem1606
I say1613
ahey1696
sithee1828
please it you1881
lookit1907
the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > cry or shout (loudness) > cry or shout [interjection] > specific call or hail
heya1225
halec1300
hillaa1400
what hoc1405
hoc1430
oyeza1450
heh1475
hi?c1475
oy1488
whata1556
holla1598
sola1598
hillo1603
hallow1674
woo-hoo1697
hip1735
yo-ho1748
high1760
yo-heave-ho1790
holla ho!1796
whoo-ee1811
hello1826
tit1827
hullo1857
ahoy1885
yoo-hoo1924
hi-de-hi1941
c1300 St. Christopher (Laud) l. 84 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 273 A niȝt in þe oþur half of þe watur, a uoiz þare cam and gradde ‘Hale, hale,’ to seint Cristofre, þat he him þare-ouer ladde.
c1330 Short Metrical Chron. (Auch.) l. 1155 in PMLA (1931) 46 131/1 (MED) A pouer fischer bi temes side..herd a man grede ‘hale, hale!’ & euer he wende it hadde ben duale.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
<
n.1eOEn.2c1330n.3?a1400n.51440n.6a1470n.7?1570n.81589n.91885adj.n.4adv.c1330v.1c1275v.2c1330int.c1300
随便看

　

英语词典包含1132095条英英释义在线翻译词条，基本涵盖了全部常用单词的英英翻译及用法，是英语学习的有利工具。

　

Copyright © 2004-2022 Newdu.com All Rights Reserved
更新时间：2025/1/31 1:26:52