handspoken.

Brit.

/ˈhan(d)spəʊk/, U.S.

/ˈhæn(d)ˌspoʊk/, Scottish English

/ˈhan(d)spok/

Forms:

α. Scottish pre-1700 handspack, pre-1700 1700s– handspaik, pre-1700 1700s– handspake, 1700s andspake, 1700s handspeck, 1900s– haandspik (Shetland).

β. 1700s– handspoke.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding; modelled on a Dutch lexical item. Etymons: hand n., English spake , spoke n.

Etymology: Originally < hand n. + spake, Scots variant of spoke n., after early modern Dutch handspaecke crowbar, lever (although this is first attested later: 1588 in Kiliaan; Dutch handspaak ; < hand hand n. + spaecke bar, pole (Middle Dutch spāke : see spoke n.)); compare German Handspake (late 16th cent. as handspacke ). In later (non-Scottish) use in sense 1 probably independently re-formed < hand n. + spoke n. Compare later handspike n., handspeek n.In Scottish use in sense 2 the form handspoke represents an anglicization.

Originally and chiefly Scottish. Now historical and rare.

1. Chiefly Nautical and Gunnery. = handspike n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > lever or crowbar > [noun]

lever1297

speke1366

crowa1400

gavelock1497

prisea1500

handspoke1513

porter1538

sway1545

handspike1559

heaver1598

coleweigh1600

handspeek1644

forcer1649

ringer1650

ripping-chisel1659

pinch1685

crow-spike1692

Betty1700

wringer1703

crowbar1748

spike1771

pry1803

jemmy1811

crow-iron1817

dog1825

pinchbar1837

jimmy1848

stick1848

pry bar1872

peiser1873

nail bar1929

cane1930

1513 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1902) IV. 481 For j^c xix sperris to mak hand spakis of [etc.],..deliverit..to the greit schip.

1565 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1877) 1st Ser. I. 403 Jeistis of aik for platformis, handspakis, [etc.]..to the said artailyearie.

1585 in 9th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1883) App. ii. 193/1 xij hand spaikis..for single falconis.

1673 Leith Customs f. 42, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Handspake Some ock timber, 5 dozen hand spacks,..and 4 fatham burn wood.

1740 Caledonian Mercury 7 Apr. Here the Long-boats hooked her in, but were beat off with Hand-spakes.

1773 Scots Farmer 1 197 One man may raise a stone of greater weight, than six men will do with their hands, pinches or handspakes.

1827 W. Tennant Papistry Storm'd 197 Battens and a' kinkind o' sticks, Clodmells and barrow-trams and picks, And handspakes that gave lounderin' licks, Flicker'd in fierce vibration.

1843 Penny Cycl. XXVII. 444/1 In the two last [sc. windlass and capstan] the power of men is applied at the extremities of handspokes or levers inserted at their opposite extremities in holes made in the axle or barrel to receive them.

1931 Jrnl. Antiq. Assoc. Brit. Isles 2 77 The mechanism by which the portcullis was lifted in the Byward Tower..was by double rollers controlled by a wheel with hand-spokes.

2. A long wooden bar used in carrying things by hand; spec. either of a pair of poles used in carrying a coffin (cf. spoke n. 2c). Cf. handspike n. 2. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > obsequies > funeral equipment > [noun] > pole to carry coffin

spokec1650

handspoke1709

handspike1816

society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance by carrying > [noun] > by a person > pole or staff > bar of wood

handspoke1709

1709 Session Bk. Glasserton MS 11 Aug. The Session appoynts Patrick McKie, treasurer, to provyde a box for keeping of the mortcloath and sufficient hand specks as soon as possible.

1727 P. Walker Remarkable Passages 140 Friends would not suffer them to put their Hands to a Hand-spaik, tho' they offered.

1795 J. Sinclair Statist. Acct. Scotl. XV. 372 However distant any part of the parish was from the place of interment, it was customary for the attendants to carry the corpse on hand spokes.

1824 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Gardening (ed. 2) iii. i. 269 The carrying-lever, or hand-spoke, is used in pairs for carrying tubs of plants or other bodies or materials furnished with hooks or bearing staples.

1873 D. Hogg Life & Times J. Wightman vi. 122 It was customary to carry the coffin on handspokes, as it was believed that no horse would ever thrive which had once drawn a corpse.

1902 J. Thomson Recoll. Speyside Parish (ed. 2) xxiv. 112 Our newly resident villager got ‘the reddin stroke’. His eye was knocked out with the end of a hand-spoke.

1922 J. Inkster Mansie's Röd 119 Bi dis time [at a funeral] da men wis fix'd da twa fowereen staangs 'at Geordie Moad wis taen frae da banks fir haandspiks.

1975 Recorded Interview (Univ. Edinb.: School of Sc. Stud. Sound Archive) (SA1975.09.21) (MS transcript) The coffin was set on two chairs and two upturned tubs that they tied this—handspaiks, you know, that—things that are meant to carry, you know—that was tied on with fishing lines.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	handspoke
释义	handspoken. Brit. /ˈhan(d)spəʊk/, U.S. /ˈhæn(d)ˌspoʊk/, Scottish English /ˈhan(d)spok/ Forms: α. Scottish pre-1700 handspack, pre-1700 1700s– handspaik, pre-1700 1700s– handspake, 1700s andspake, 1700s handspeck, 1900s– haandspik (Shetland). β. 1700s– handspoke. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding; modelled on a Dutch lexical item. Etymons: hand n., English spake , spoke n. Etymology: Originally < hand n. + spake, Scots variant of spoke n., after early modern Dutch handspaecke crowbar, lever (although this is first attested later: 1588 in Kiliaan; Dutch handspaak ; < hand hand n. + spaecke bar, pole (Middle Dutch spāke : see spoke n.)); compare German Handspake (late 16th cent. as handspacke ). In later (non-Scottish) use in sense 1 probably independently re-formed < hand n. + spoke n. Compare later handspike n., handspeek n.In Scottish use in sense 2 the form handspoke represents an anglicization. Originally and chiefly Scottish. Now historical and rare. 1. Chiefly Nautical and Gunnery. = handspike n. 1. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > lever or crowbar > [noun] lever1297 speke1366 crowa1400 gavelock1497 prisea1500 handspoke1513 porter1538 sway1545 handspike1559 heaver1598 coleweigh1600 handspeek1644 forcer1649 ringer1650 ripping-chisel1659 pinch1685 crow-spike1692 Betty1700 wringer1703 crowbar1748 spike1771 pry1803 jemmy1811 crow-iron1817 dog1825 pinchbar1837 jimmy1848 stick1848 pry bar1872 peiser1873 nail bar1929 cane1930 1513 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1902) IV. 481 For j^c xix sperris to mak hand spakis of [etc.],..deliverit..to the greit schip. 1565 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1877) 1st Ser. I. 403 Jeistis of aik for platformis, handspakis, [etc.]..to the said artailyearie. 1585 in 9th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1883) App. ii. 193/1 xij hand spaikis..for single falconis. 1673 Leith Customs f. 42, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Handspake Some ock timber, 5 dozen hand spacks,..and 4 fatham burn wood. 1740 Caledonian Mercury 7 Apr. Here the Long-boats hooked her in, but were beat off with Hand-spakes. 1773 Scots Farmer 1 197 One man may raise a stone of greater weight, than six men will do with their hands, pinches or handspakes. 1827 W. Tennant Papistry Storm'd 197 Battens and a' kinkind o' sticks, Clodmells and barrow-trams and picks, And handspakes that gave lounderin' licks, Flicker'd in fierce vibration. 1843 Penny Cycl. XXVII. 444/1 In the two last [sc. windlass and capstan] the power of men is applied at the extremities of handspokes or levers inserted at their opposite extremities in holes made in the axle or barrel to receive them. 1931 Jrnl. Antiq. Assoc. Brit. Isles 2 77 The mechanism by which the portcullis was lifted in the Byward Tower..was by double rollers controlled by a wheel with hand-spokes. 2. A long wooden bar used in carrying things by hand; spec. either of a pair of poles used in carrying a coffin (cf. spoke n. 2c). Cf. handspike n. 2. Now historical. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > obsequies > funeral equipment > [noun] > pole to carry coffin spokec1650 handspoke1709 handspike1816 society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance by carrying > [noun] > by a person > pole or staff > bar of wood handspoke1709 1709 Session Bk. Glasserton MS 11 Aug. The Session appoynts Patrick McKie, treasurer, to provyde a box for keeping of the mortcloath and sufficient hand specks as soon as possible. 1727 P. Walker Remarkable Passages 140 Friends would not suffer them to put their Hands to a Hand-spaik, tho' they offered. 1795 J. Sinclair Statist. Acct. Scotl. XV. 372 However distant any part of the parish was from the place of interment, it was customary for the attendants to carry the corpse on hand spokes. 1824 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Gardening (ed. 2) iii. i. 269 The carrying-lever, or hand-spoke, is used in pairs for carrying tubs of plants or other bodies or materials furnished with hooks or bearing staples. 1873 D. Hogg Life & Times J. Wightman vi. 122 It was customary to carry the coffin on handspokes, as it was believed that no horse would ever thrive which had once drawn a corpse. 1902 J. Thomson Recoll. Speyside Parish (ed. 2) xxiv. 112 Our newly resident villager got ‘the reddin stroke’. His eye was knocked out with the end of a hand-spoke. 1922 J. Inkster Mansie's Röd 119 Bi dis time [at a funeral] da men wis fix'd da twa fowereen staangs 'at Geordie Moad wis taen frae da banks fir haandspiks. 1975 Recorded Interview (Univ. Edinb.: School of Sc. Stud. Sound Archive) (SA1975.09.21) (MS transcript) The coffin was set on two chairs and two upturned tubs that they tied this—handspaiks, you know, that—things that are meant to carry, you know—that was tied on with fishing lines. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1513
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