harnessn.

/ˈhɑːnɪs/

Forms: Middle English harnais, Middle English hernis, Middle English harnays, hernays, herneys, hernoys, hernes, Middle English–1500s harnes, Middle English–1600s her-, harneis(e, harneys(e, Middle English harnas, hernas, harnysse, harnoys, Middle English–1600s harnesse, Middle English– harness (1500s harnys, harniss, harnass, 1500s–1600s harnish, 1600s harnois, harnace).

Etymology: Middle English, < Old French harneis, -ois (her-), modern French harnais (Picard harnas), whence also Provençal arnes, Spanish arnes, Portuguese arnez, Italian arnese, medieval Latin (h)arnesium, har-, hernasium, harnascha, harnasch (neuter). Ulterior origin uncertain: the Old French derived verb harnesquier, -eschier, shows that harneis represented an earlier *harnesc, Latin type *harniscum. From the French came also Middle High German harnesch, -nasch, -nas (12th cent.), German harnisch masculine; Middle Dutch harnas(ch), Dutch harnas neuter; Icelandic harneskja feminine.Often assumed to be of Celtic origin, on the strength of modern Breton harnez, hernez, (1) old iron, (2) harness, cuirass (Le Gonidec), compared with modern Welsh haiarn iron (Old Welsh hearn, Old Irish iarn < Proto-Celtic *isarno-). But Thurneysen, Keltoromanisches 36, points out fatal difficulties, phonetic and chronological. Breton harnez (in this sense) is probably < French. In the obscurity that surrounds the origin of the word, the primary sense and the order of sense-development remain uncertain. Several specific uses appear in Engl. about the same time; and the arrangement here followed is provisional. It seems probable that a general sense of ‘equipment, furniture, outfit, gear, tackle’, is the original.

1. Tackle, gear, furniture, armament; the equipment or mounting of any thing; e.g. of a ship, a fishing-rod, the metal-work of a girdle, etc. (obsolete). Still used of the mechanism by which a large bell is suspended and rung.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > supply > [noun] > that which is supplied > that with which anything is equipped > equipment or accoutrements

ornament?c1225

i-wendea1250

atil1297

tacklea1325

apparel1330

conreyc1330

farec1330

tirec1330

apparementc1340

apparelmentc1374

graithc1375

appurtenancec1386

geara1400

warnementa1400

stuff1406

parelling?a1440

farrements1440

stuffurec1440

skippeson1444

harnessa1450

parela1450

implements1454

reparel1466

ordinance1475

habiliments1483

ornation1483

muniments1485

mountures1489

outred1489

accomplement?c1525

trinketc1525

garnishing1530

garniture1532

accoutrementsc1550

furniments1553

tackling1558

instrument1563

ordinara1578

appointment?1578

outreiking1584

appoint1592

dighting1598

outreik1598

apparate?c1600

accomplishment1605

attirail1611

coutrement1621

apparatusa1628

equipage1648

thing1662

equipment1717

paraphernalia1736

tack1777

outfit1787

fittinga1817

fixing1820

set-out1831

rigging1837

fixture1854

parapherna1876

clobber1890

the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > instrumentality > [noun] > (a) means > equipment for any action or undertaking

ornament?c1225

i-wendea1250

atil1297

tacklea1325

apparel1330

conreyc1330

farec1330

tirec1330

apparementc1340

apparelmentc1374

graithc1375

appurtenancec1386

geara1400

warnementa1400

stuff1406

parelling?a1440

farrements1440

stuffurec1440

skippeson1444

harnessa1450

parela1450

implements1454

reparel1466

ordinance1475

habiliments1483

ornation1483

muniments1485

outred1489

trinketc1525

garnishing1530

garniture1532

accoutrementsc1550

furniments1553

tackling1558

instrument1563

ordinara1578

appointment?1578

outreiking1584

supellectile1584

appoint1592

dighting1598

outreik1598

materialsa1600

apparate?c1600

attirail1611

coutrement1621

apparatusa1628

outrig1639

equipage1648

thing1662

equipment1717

paraphernalia1736

fixture1767

tack1777

outfit1787

fittinga1817

fixing1820

matériel1821

set-out1831

rigging1837

parapherna1876

clobber1890

1294 Rolls of Parl. I. 128/2 Harnesia ad navem illam spectantia.

1333–4 Durham MS. Cell. Roll In..emendacione hernes del fyschors'.

1423 Act 2 Hen. VI c. 17 Null Orfeour ne Juellour nautre homme qe oepere harneis dargent.]

a1450 Fysshynge wyth Angle (1883) 6 Ye muste furst lurne to mak ȝowr harnes þat ys to sey your rod your lynys..& your hokes.

1483–4 Act 1 Rich. III c. 12 No..maner Gurdels nor eny Harnes wrought for Gurdels.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 229 Harnesse for a gyrdelle, ferreure.

1632 J. Hayward tr. G. F. Biondi Eromena 11 A bastard Galley of three and thirty banks..and adorning her with double harnesse, tackling and furniture.

a. The defensive or body armour of a man-at-arms or foot-soldier; all the defensive equipment of an armed horseman, for both man and horse; military equipment or accoutrement. Historical or archaic.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > [noun]

here-weedsOE

weedOE

here-scrudc1275

armourc1325

armsc1325

armingc1330

armouryc1330

harnessc1330

warnementa1400

fighting-wisec1400

gome-graithc1420

graithc1420

armaturea1460

habiliment1470

furniture1569

proof1583

harnessment1610

pewter1622

equipage1633

pamphract1934

c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 309 Norreis & Surreis..With hors & herneis at Carlele mad samnyng.

1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur ix. xl Youre harneis & horses haue ben fayre and clene kepte.

1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes i. i. 2 To make harnoys of yron and steel.

1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. biiii^v All the harnes thai hade Baith birny and breist plade.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) 1 Kings xx. 11 Let not him y^t putteth on y^e harnes make his boast like him y^t hath put it of.

1591 H. Savile tr. Tacitus Ende of Nero: Fower Bks. Hist. i. 44 A kind of harnish..composed of iron plates or stiffe bend-lether.

1606 P. Holland in tr. Suetonius Hist. Twelve Caesars Annot. 5 Enoplia was a kinde of Moriske daunce after a warlike manner in harnois.

1611 Bible (King James) 1 Kings xxii. 34 A certain man drew a bow at a venture, and smote the king of Israel betweene the ioynts of the harnesse .

a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) v. v. 50 Ring the Alarum Bell, blow Winde, come wracke, At least wee'l dye with Harnesse on our backe.

a1680 S. Butler Genuine Remains (1759) I. 219 Old Knights-errant in their Harness fought.

1852 H. W. Longfellow Warden Cinque Ports xi A single warrior, In sombre harness mailed.

figurative.?1504 S. Hawes Example of Vertu sig. ee.viii^v Good hope thy legge harneys shall be.1558 Bp. T. Watson Holsome Doctr. Seuen Sacramentes i. f. ii^v Christe..hath armed vs wyth a seuen fold harnes, that is to say, with the seuen giftes of the holy gost.1609 S. Rowlands Famous Hist. Guy Earle of Warwick 54 What scales of Harness arm that crooked nose And teeth?1835 E. Bulwer-Lytton Rienzi II. iii. iii. 51 Men who win power, easily put on its harness dignity.1857 G. A. Lawrence Guy Livingstone iv. 35 To watch him in his training, and spy out the joints in his harness. [Cf. 1611 above].

b. Phrase, to harness: cf. to (formerly also†at) arms!.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military organization > signals > [interjection] > call to arms

at armsc1330

alarmc1400

to harness1475

bows and bills!a1572

to (formerly alsoat) arms!1712

1475 Bk. Noblesse 69 Alle the comyns..[stode] sodanly to harneys and rebelled ayenst the duc of Exetyr.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VII f. xlij^v Cryes were made, euery man to harneys.

c. With a: A suit of mail: see quot. 1559.

ΚΠ

1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) i. 44 Many fayr harneyses shynyng.

1548 Act 2 & 3 Edw. VI c. 2 Preamb., Souldiors well furnished with good Horses and Harnesses.

1559 in G. J. Piccope Lancs. & Cheshire Wills (1857) I. 153 My soune..shall have one harnys that ys to saye a plate coote or jacke a sallett a payre of speutes and a halbert.

1720 J. Strype Stow's Surv. of London (rev. ed.) II. v. xxxii. 451/1 Such able Men as had white Harnesses.

1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth iii, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. I. 84 Had the Laird not wanted harness.

†d. transferred. plural. Men in harness; men-at-arms.

ΚΠ

?a1400 Arthur 314 Than hadde he out of Normandye..Fowre skore þowsand harneys.

e. (See quot. 1940.) Also called ignition harness.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > aeroplane > parts of aircraft > means of propulsion > [noun] > aircraft engine > ignition leads

harness1938

1938 R. Keen Wireless Direction Finding (ed. 3) xiii. 523 To reduce the capacity of the screening of the cables, and to avoid the bulk and inconvenience of large numbers of separately screened leads, the whole wiring system of an engine may be built into a unit known as ‘screening harness’. Fig. 405 shows such a harness..for a Bristol ‘Pegasus’ radial engine.

1940 Chambers's Techn. Dict. 404/1 Harness, the entire system of screened ignition leads enclosed within their screening tubes to prevent electro~magnetic radiation from affecting the radio-receiving equipment.

1956 W. A. Heflin U.S. Air Force Dict. 262/2 Ignition harness, a system or assembly of wires, together with any shielding or conduits inclosing them, for conducting electric current from the distributor to the spark plugs of an aircraft engine.

†3. The baggage or portable equipment of an army, a party of travellers, etc. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > possessions > [noun] > personal or movable property > personal belongings > portable

harnessc1330

baggagec1430

truss1587

luggage1596

traps1813

kit1834

swag1853

society > travel > aspects of travel > a journey > [noun] > equipment for a journey > baggage

trousseauc1230

harnessc1330

fardel1388

flittinga1400

stuff?a1400

baggagec1430

trussellc1440

carriagec1450

trussagec1500

traffic1538

trussery1548

traffe1566

sumpture1567

truss1587

needment1590

luggage1596

sumptery1620

piece1809

traps1813

roll-up1831

dunnage1834

kit1834

way baggage1836

swag1853

drum1861

swag bag1892

c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 236 Þis burgeis..Þe may & hir herneis did led vnto þe kyng.

c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 1748 Oure harneys comeþ her be-hynde wiþ to hundred men araid.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 11642 Bath ass and ox at wit þam war, And bestes þat þair harnais [Fairf. hernays, Trin. Cambr. harneis] bar.

c1400 Rom. Rose 7477 Whan the pilgrymes commen were..Hir harneis nigh hem was algate.

a. The trappings or accoutrements of a horse: formerly including those used in riding, but now confined to the gear or tackle of a draught horse or other animal. ‘The traces of draught horses, particularly of carriages of pleasure or state: of other carriages we say geer’ (Johnson). double harness, harness for two draught horses working side by side; single harness, harness for a draught horse working alone; in harness, side by side, together. Often figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > general equipment > [noun] > harness of draught animal

harness1303

plough harnessc1390

geara1400

draught1483

van harness1823

trave harness1839

yoking1873

hitch1876

trace-harness1885

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > horse-gear > [noun]

harness1303

geara1400

graithc1650

tackling1650

horse-gear1653

garniture1670

tackle1684

van harness1823

tack1924

society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > [adverb]

yferea1200

i-menec1200

in ferec1275

in commona1382

alongst with1582

along1600

in harness1873

in tow (with)1907

in tandem1930

(to be) in on the act1951

society > society and the community > social relations > co-operation > [adverb]

mutually1531

shoulder to shouldera1586

in the (or a) quilla1616

in consort1634

concurrently1648

in harness1873

collectively1902

collaboratively1971

in tandem1974

the world > relative properties > relationship > accompaniment > [adverb] > together

withc888

to-samec893

amongeOE

togethersc1175

yferea1200

i-menec1200

togetherc1220

ymonec1300

i-samec1320

insamea1400

alongst with1582

jointly1656

concomitantly1696

collaterally1800

associatively1880

in tandem1930

in harness1967

1303 R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne 4599 To wynne hors and harnyse.

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 4281 No seg vnder heuene..araiȝed more beter..of hors & of harneys & alle oþer gere.

c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 3664 Þe sadel..With gold was fret and pretious ston, and þe harneys was of golde.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 228/1 Harneys for hors, falere.

1463 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 34 My beste hors with sadil and brydil, with alle the beste harneys for oon hors longyng therto.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 229/2 Harnesse for the plough horse, harnoys de cherue.

1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxxix. xxxi. 1043 C. Calpurnius..highly praised the horsemen, and rewarded them with rich harnish and trappings.

a1668 W. Davenant Wits v. 215 in Wks. (1673) Another Coach it drives from the Strand! Then have at the Harnace.

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 336/1 Horses are fastned by their Harnish..to draw the Coach.

1743 Boston Weekly Post-boy 28 Nov. 4/1 (advt.) A fine open chariot, with the harnesses for two horses.

1824 ‘R. Stuart’ Descr. Hist. Steam Engine 22 It then bears itself quietly under the harness, (like good horses).

1834 T. Medwin Angler in Wales II. 39 Wild horses..which had never before been in harness.

1838 Lexington Observer & Rep. 2 June We soon hitch'd traces to trot in double harness.

1846 R. Ford Gatherings from Spain viii. 88 Those who have a friend with whom they feel they can venture to go in double harness, had better do so.

1862 Catal. Internat. Exhib., Brit. II. No. 4732 Double and single harness, pads, collars, round reins, pole pieces.

1873 ‘M. Twain’ & C. D. Warner Gilded Age 373 He and I are sworn brothers on that measure; we work in harness.

1901 ‘M. Gray’ Four-leaved Clover i And it's about time you went in double harness. I go better in single. To confess the solid truth, I was born an old maid.

1907 G. B. Shaw John Bull's Other Island i. 20 In the main it is by living with you and working in double harness with you that I have learnt to live in a real world and not in an imaginary one.

1937 D. L. Sayers Busman's Honeymoon vii. 152 It was her own feelings that didn't seem to be quite pulling in double harness with her intelligence.

1967 Listener 2 Feb. 177/3 Prokofiev enthusiasts will be delighted to see that Milstein has now recorded the two violin concertos in harness.

b. figurative. Working equipments; the conditions, routine, and obligations of regular work. in harness, in the routine of daily work; to die in harness, i.e. in the midst of work.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > work > [noun] > routine or conditions of work

harness1841

society > occupation and work > work > [adverb] > in routine of daily work

in harness1841

the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > in habitual or customary use [phrase] > as part of ordinary routine > in the routine of daily work

in harness1841

1841 W. M. Thackeray Great Hoggarty Diamond ii In early times, before we were well in harness.

1841 R. W. Emerson Man the Reformer in Dial Apr. 525 He must..take on him the harness of routine and obsequiousness.

1868 ‘H. Lee’ Basil Godfrey's Caprice xvii. 101 Queer pair to run i' harness.

1871 L. Stephen Playground of Europe (1894) xii. 279 After a holiday, the day on which we resume harness joins on to the day on which we dropped it.

1875 P. G. Hamerton Intellect. Life (ed. 2) x. vii. 371 The finest intellects have never lived in harness.

1875 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. III. xxi. 544 Like most medieval workers they all died in harness.

1883 S. C. Hall Retrospect Long Life I. 193 Palmerston..died, as he had lived, in harness, working to the last.

1889 S. Baring-Gould Pennycomequicks II. xviii. 26 If you insist on going into harness at once, in two years I shall be attending your funeral.

c. From their resemblance to the harness of a horse (see sense 4a above): straps so arranged that they can be fitted for the protection of travellers in an aeroplane or car. Also used of straps fitted (a) on a dog, instead of a collar; (b) on a parachute; (c) in a perambulator; (d) round a child and held by an adult as a safety lead or leash. Also called safety harness.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping dogs or cats > [noun] > keeping or affinity with dogs > place to exercise hounds > collars, leads, etc.

linea1000

collar1377

torretc1386

dog collar1485

doghook1528

terret1530

slip1564

dogwhip1583

trash1611

shangan1787

puzzle-peg1789

puzzle1792

shangy1825

leading-strap1856

nosepiece1865

dog tag1882

lead1893

harness1895

silent whistle1923

standing iron1934

society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > parachute > [noun] > harness or web

rigging1921

riser1927

shroud line1929

lift-web1942

shroud1942

harness1951

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > parts and equipment of motor vehicles > [noun] > seat-belt

belt1915

seat belt1932

safety belt1938

lap belt1952

lap strap1960

harness1962

inertia reel1962

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > parts and equipment of motor vehicles > [noun] > seat-belt > for child

harness1962

child restraint1967

1895 Montgomery Ward Catal. Spring & Summer 484/2 Pug dog harness, black or russet leather.

1897 H. Dalziel Brit. Dogs (ed. 2) III. 43 A kind of dog-harness to mitigate the evils of..choking by the collar.

1935 C. G. Burge Compl. Bk. Aviation 538/1 Safety belts and safety harness have been specially designed for use in aircraft... Harness must hold the wearer firmly in his seat against upward accelerations.

1939 Sewing Machine & Pram Gaz., Buyers' Guide Apr. 30 (caption) This firm have a very wide selection of reins and safety belts... A typical model of Safety harness is illustrated.

1945 C. H. Ward-Jackson It's a Piece of Cake (new ed.) 38 Harness, strap holding one to one's seat in an aircraft.

1951 Gloss. Aeronaut. Terms (B.S.I.) iii. 13 Harness, an assembly of straps or cords worn by a parachutist or employed to suspend an inanimate load to which the parachute is attached.

1962 Times 23 Jan. 5/6 Every approved harness [in a motor-car] has a quick-release catch.

1962 Which? Jan. 8/1 The buckles of the three harnesses that survived the test crash intact were easy to release.

1963 B.S.I. News May 34 Safety harness for babies... The types dealt with will be suitable for attachment to perambulators, push chairs and high chairs. Provision will also be made for use of reins with the harness, when the child is able to walk.

1971 J. Philips Escape a Killer (1972) i. ii. 24 She unbuckled the dog's harness.

1972 P. Cleife Slick & Dead xviii. 233 Tripping the quick-release of my harness, I leapt from my seat.

†a. Household and personal equipment; furniture; apparel. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > [noun]

clothesc888

hattersOE

shroudc1000

weedOE

shrouda1122

clothc1175

hatteringa1200

atourc1220

back-clout?c1225

habit?c1225

clothingc1275

cleadinga1300

dubbinga1300

shroudinga1300

attirec1300

coverturec1300

suitc1325

apparel1330

buskingc1330

farec1330

harness1340

tire1340

backs1341

geara1350

apparelmentc1374

attiringa1375

vesturec1385

heelinga1387

vestmentc1386

arraya1400

graitha1400

livery1399

tirementa1400

warnementa1400

arrayment1400

parelc1400

werlec1400

raiment?a1425

robinga1450

rayc1450

implements1454

willokc1460

habiliment1470

emparelc1475

atourement1481

indumenta1513

reparel1521

wearing gear1542

revesture1548

claesc1550

case1559

attirement1566

furniture1566

investuring1566

apparelling1567

dud1567

hilback1573

wear1576

dress1586

enfolding1586

caparison1589

plight1590

address1592

ward-ware1598

garnish1600

investments1600

ditement1603

dressing1603

waith1603

thing1605

vestry1606

garb1608

outwall1608

accoutrementa1610

wearing apparel1617

coutrement1621

vestament1632

vestiment1637

equipage1645

cask1646

aguise1647

back-timbera1656

investiture1660

rigging1664

drapery1686

vest1694

plumage1707

bussingc1712

hull1718

paraphernalia1736

togs1779

body clothing1802

slough1808

toggery1812

traps1813

garniture1827

body-clothes1828

garmenture1832

costume1838

fig1839

outfit1840

vestiture1841

outer womana1845

outward man1846

vestiary1846

rag1855

drag1870

clo'1874

parapherna1876

clobber1879

threads1926

mocker1939

schmatte1959

vine1959

kit1989

the mind > possession > possessions > [noun] > personal or movable property

feec888

goodOE

chateus1297

moblea1325

farec1330

harness1340

gearc1380

plentiesc1384

goods and cattel1418

pelfa1425

testament1424

movables1428

personals1436

stuff1438

cattle1473

cabow1489

chattel1549

chattel personal1552

goods and chattels1576

luggage1624

corporeals1647

effects1657

chose1670

personalities1753

stock1776

plunder1780

personal effects1818

personalty1827

taonga1863

marbles1864

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > [noun] > of a house

attirec1325

harness1340

gearc1380

household1420

stuff1438

household stuff1445

standard?1474

utensil1484

inspreith1488

utensilies1496

household goods1501

insight1522

wardrobe stuff?a1527

housewifery1552

plenishing1561

householdry1570

supellectile1584

household effects1762

sticks of furniture1777

house furnishing1827

houseware1827

ingear1835

supellex1849

household appliance1853

homeware1868

home1887

décor1926

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 24 Þe diȝtinge of his house wyþ eyse of loste, and oþre manere harneys.

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 1582 William..wel him a-tyred Gayli in cloþes of gold & oþer gode harneis.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 228/1 Harneys, or hustylment (K. instrumentys longynge to howsolde), utensile.

c1440 Gesta Romanorum (Harl.) xl. 159 She dude of hir harnes, and come, and laye downe by him.

1511 in E. Hobhouse Churchwardens' Accts. (1890) 131 Of Iohn Gurnan for y^e Church harnes.

1602 W. Fulbecke Pandectes 47 They had about their harneys certaine yron buttons.

b. Uniform, clothes. harness bull, harness cop, a policeman in uniform. U.S. slang (chiefly criminals').

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > [noun] > for specific people > for members of a body or association

suitc1325

uniform1836

harness1891

society > law > law enforcement > police force or the police > [noun] > policeman > other types of policeman

star1714

Special Constable1733

police runner1782

snoozy1823

New Policeman1830

redbreast1862

roundsman1868

state trooper1883

harness cop1891

black and tans1920

B Special1922

tans1932

1891 ‘M. Twain’ What is Man? (1917) 225 At the Metropolitan in New York they sit in a glare, and wear their showiest harness.

1899 B. W. Green Word-bk. Virginia Folk-speech 178 Harness,..clothing, dress garments.

1903 A. H. Lewis Boss 262 [The] Captain sends along a couple of his harness bulls from Mulberry Street.

1914 L. E. Jackson & C. R. Hellyer Vocab. Criminal Slang 42 Harness, general currency. A uniform... A ‘harness bull’ is the commonest form of the term's use.

1926 J. Black You can't Win iv. 31 The ‘harness cop’ who had been at the front door went back to his beat.

1926 J. Black You can't Win xii. 165 We're bang up against the city prison when a big, flat-footed, harness bull steps out an' yaffles us.

1930 E. H. Lavine Third Degree ii. 12 ‘Wise detectives’, who dread going back into ‘harness’, or uniform,..sail along the lines of least resistance.

1931 ‘D. Stiff’ Milk & Honey Route iv. 45 Any harness bull can tell you where the municipal lodging house..is to be found.

1972 J. Godey Three Worlds (1973) iii. 32 The cops. From the chief on down to the harness bulls.

6. The apparatus in a loom by which the sets of warp-threads are shifted alternately to form the shed; the mounting.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > [noun] > weaving > loom > other parts

studdlelOE

staff1338

trendle14..

trindle1483

cylinder?a1560

harness1572

mail1731

mounture1731

leaf1807

march1807

dropbox1823

neck-twine1827

mounting1835

shaft1839

Jack1848

selvage-protector1863

serpent1878

take-up motiona1884

swell1894

1572 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxf. (1880) 341 That every weaver have in his house or shop from the summe of 16 bores to the summe of 700 harneyses and slayes, 3 beares betweene every harnys.

1826 in Patents for Invent.: Weaving (1861) 88 These healds or harness, when complete, are formed by what I shall term double perfect loops.

1831 G. R. Porter Treat. Silk Manuf. 216 Heddles, which are commonly called the harness of the loom.

1836 A. Ure Cotton Manuf. Great Brit. II. 282 The harness of the draw-loom is not confined by leaves but every cord carries a mail or loop for the warp.

1888 Eggleston in Cent. Mag. XXXVI. 529/2 When Barbara had tied a broken string in the ‘harness’ of the loom, she resumed her seat on the bench.

†7. Privy members. Also, privy harness. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > sex organs > [noun]

shapea1000

shameOE

i-cundeOE

memberc1300

privy memberc1325

kindc1330

privitiesc1375

harness1382

shameful parts1382

genitoriesa1387

partc1390

tailc1390

genitalsa1393

thingc1405

genitalc1450

privy parts1533

secret1535

loin?1541

genitures1548

filthy parts1553

shamefulness1561

ware1561

meatc1564

natural places1569

secret members1577

lady ware1592

natural parts1601

lady's ware1608

gear1611

private parts1623

groin1631

pudendums1634

natural1650

privacies1656

sex1664

secrecyc1675

nudities1677

affair1749

sexual parts1753

person1824

sex organ1847

privates1940

naughty bits1972

1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Gen. ix. 22 The privey herneis of his father.

c1386 G. Chaucer Wife of Bath's Prol. 136 Euery wight..That hath swich harneys as I of tolde.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 453 Þere [i.e. in Nysa] men heleþ her prive herneys wiþ þynne leves.

15.. Frere & Boye in J. Ritson Pieces Anc. Pop. Poetry (1791) 45 Unnethes on hym he had one cloute..His harneys for to hyde.

†8. Ware, gear; figurative affairs, matters. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > merchandise > [noun]

warec1000

cheapingc1200

chaffer1297

gooda1300

merchandisec1300

harnessc1386

pennyworths1403

haberdashery1419

merchandya1425

mercimonyc1460

merchantyc1485

merchandrise?1495

haberdasha1529

traffic1533

chaffery1535

trade1645

Manchester goods1705

stuff1708

sundries1740

business model1832

Manchester1920

tradables1921

durable1930

the world > action or operation > doing > activity or occupation > [noun] > business claiming attention > an occupation or affair > affairs

harnessc1386

matters1569

concern1649

shit1988

c1386 G. Chaucer Parson's Tale ⁋900 Why þat a man synneþ as by which temptacioun or by excitynge of oþer folke..and alle such maner harneys.

c1440 York Myst. xv. 102 Loo! here slyke harnays as I haue, A baren broche by a belle of tynne At youre bosom to be.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

a. (In sense 4.)

harness-boss n.

ΚΠ

1853 C. Dickens Bleak House lxvi. 620 The polishing..of stirrup-irons, bits, curb-chains, harness-bosses.

harness-horse n.

ΚΠ

1861 J. H. Walsh & J. I. Lupton Horse xv. 272 Hacks and Harness-horses demand nearly as much time and care to prepare them for their work.

1889 Earl of Onslow in Duke of Beaufort et al. Driving (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) 74 A harness horse in regular work ought to be fed four times a day.

harness-leather n.

ΚΠ

1853 C. Morfit Art of Tanning, Currying, & Leather-dressing (new ed.) 152 ‘Harness’ leather is blackened in the grain.

harness-maker n.

ΚΠ

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Armorier, an armorer, or Harnesse-maker.

1889 H. Dixon et al. in Duke of Beaufort et al. Driving (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) 94 It is adviseable..for the harness-maker to see the horse he is required to fit with a collar.

harness-polisher n.

harness-room n.

ΚΠ

1889 H. Dixon et al. in Duke of Beaufort et al. Driving (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) 89 The harness-room should be provided with a fireplace or some kind of stove.

harness-tie n.

harness-work n.

ΚΠ

1898 N.E.D. at Harness Mod. Horses for quiet Harness-work.

b. (In sense 6.)

harness-board n. (see quot.)

ΚΠ

1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Harness-board, the compass-board of a loom, having holes through which pass the neck twines.

harness-cord n.

ΚΠ

1836 A. Ure Cotton Manuf. Great Brit. II. 282 The harness cords of a draw-loom.

harness-twine n.

harness-bearing adj.

ΚΠ

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. xi. sig. Z5 Ioue's harnesse-bearing Bird.

C2.

harness-clamp n. (see quot.).

ΚΠ

1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Harness-clamp (Saddlery), a kind of vice used to hold leather while being stitched.

† harness-man n. Obsolete = harness-bearer n., an armour-bearer.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > military servant > [noun] > weapon- or armour-bearer

scutifera1400

armourerc1405

harness-man1530

weapon-bearer1535

esquire1553

armour-bearer1560

harness-bearer1563

shield-bearer1603

shield-knave1627

Port-glaive1652

sword-bearer1660

selictar1684

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 229/2 Harnesman, armigere.

harness-plate n. electroplated metal work used in harness.

harness-plater n. (see quot.).

ΚΠ

1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Harness-plater, a workman who electro~plates the metal work for harness.

harness race n. Webster (1909).

ΚΠ

1968 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 17 Feb. 44 (advt.) Nine harness races today.

harness racing n. (also harness horse racing) a race between horses harnessed to vehicles.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > horse racing > [noun] > types of racing

steeple-hunting1772

quarter-racing1779

roading1787

pony racing1809

steeplechasing1816

steeple running1818

steeple racing1840

horse-trotting1857

plating1865

trotting1883

chasing1886

flat-racing1886

harness racing1901

flapping1911

flapper1928

point-to-pointing1952

pointing1976

1901 World Almanac 266 Harness racing.

1909 World Almanac & Encycl. 1910 213 Harness horse racing.

1947 Newsweek 8 Sept. 71/1 Harness racing is doing very well in keeping up with the flashy bankrolls of the times.

1968 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 3 Feb. 36/2 About the only sure thing in harness racing is that Russ Miller..will come up with something special each year.

1971 Guardian 9 June 6/5 Trotting or harness racing, which has become a major sporting attraction in Australia and the United States, is making a comeback in its place of origin, the Yorkshire dales and fells.

harness-tub n. = harness-cask n.

harness-weaver n. (see quot.).

ΚΠ

1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Harness Weavers, operatives employed in Paisley in weaving the more complicated patterns of shawls.

Derivatives

ˈharnessry n. rare harness collectively.

ΚΠ

1824 J. H. Wiffen tr. T. Tasso Jerusalem Delivered vii. lxxxii With chariots, harnessries, and helms.

ˈharnessy adj. colloquial smacking of harness.

ΚΠ

1892 Field 14 May 729/1 She [a mare] seemed a bit heavy about the neck, and ‘harnessy’.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

harnessv.

Forms: α. Middle English harneyschen, Middle English–1500s harnesch(en, 1500s harnisch. β. Middle English harneyse(n, harneise(n, harnayse(n, harnesse(n, harnas(se(n, hernays, Middle English–1500s harnys(e, harnes, Middle English–1600s harnass, 1500s harnesse, 1600s harnise, 1500s– harness.

Etymology: In form harnesche , < Old French harneschier (12th cent. in Hatzfeld & Darmesteter), Picard harnesquier , later harnaskier , harnascher , harnacher (Romance type *harnescāre , compare Provençal arnescar ), < harnesc- , Old French harneis harness n. The β. forms are formed from, or conformed to, the noun.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈharness.

†1. To furnish, equip, accoutre; esp. to mount, or ornament with fittings of some precious material.

ΘΠ

the mind > possession > supply > provide or supply (something) [verb (transitive)] > provide or supply (a person or thing) with anything > equip or outfit

frameOE

dightc1275

fayc1275

graith1297

attire1330

purveyc1330

shapec1330

apparel1366

harnessc1380

ordaina1387

addressa1393

array1393

pare1393

feata1400

point1449

reparel?c1450

provide1465

fortify1470

emparel1480

appoint1490

deck?15..

equip1523

trim1523

accoutre1533

furnish1548

accommodate1552

fraught1571

suit1572

to furnish up1573

to furnish out1577

rig1579

to set out1585

equipage1590

outreik1591

befit1598

to furnish forth1600

fita1616

to fit up1670

outrig1681

to fit out1722

mount?1775

outfit1798

habilitate1824

arm1860

to fake out1871

heel1873

c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 3665 Brydel and paytrel & al þe gere Wiþ fyn gold y-harneysed were.

c1386 G. Chaucer Prol. 114 A gay daggere, Harneised wel and sharpe as point of spere.

c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) xix. 86 Brade gyrdils of silke, wele hernayst with gold and preciouse stanes.

1418 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 34 My Baselard harneysed with siluer.

1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur viii. xxxiv A fayre horne harnest with gold.

1534 in E. Peacock Eng. Church Furnit. (1866) 193 ij verges paynted made for the chamberlaynes harnesid at bothe endes with syluer.

1877 Jrnl. Archæol. Inst. 34 300 [Wooden drinking-cups] hooped and mounted or ‘harnessed’ in silver.

a. To equip in ‘harness’ or armour; to arm, to accoutre. archaic.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > of armour: protect [verb (transitive)] > clothe with or encase in

armc1275

graith1297

enarmc1320

tirec1330

harnessc1380

haspc1400

endossa1500

armour1578

case1582

clothe1590

dight1590

emboss1590

array1809

c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 2929 Harneyscheaþ ȝow with-oute lette.

c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 592 So harnayst as he watȝ he herkneȝ his masse.

c1440 York Myst. xxviii. 195 Both armed and harneysed ȝe be.

1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) ix. 710 [Thai] schot furth, fra thai harnast [1489 Adv. harnasyt] war.

?1562 Thersytes sig. A.i^v When I am harnessed well.

1682 J. Bunyan Holy War 46 Harness your selves for the war.

1868 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest II. ix. 324 Their decks were thick with warriors harnessed for the battle.

figurative.1531 W. Tyndale Expos. 1 John (1537) 79 They..harnesse themselues with the meditacyon of those thinges which Christ suffered.a1549 A. Borde Fyrst Bk. Introd. Knowl. (1870) 156 Now am I harnest, and redy, Doche for to speke.1556 J. Olde tr. R. Gwalther Antichrist f. 36 The Leoparde..hade foure winges, and was harnessed wyth as many hornes.

†b. To equip (a place) defensively; to fortify.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > fortify [verb (transitive)]

fastenOE

enfirm1297

ofstrengthc1325

strengthc1325

warnc1330

ward1340

warnestorec1374

abattlec1380

embattlec1380

fortify1436

bulwark1450

strengthen1450

bastille1480

enstrength1483

rempare1525

munite1533

fence1535

force1535

ranforce1547

rampire1550

fort1559

ramforce1570

fortificate1575

refortify1579

ensconce1590

munify1596

sconce1598

renforce1602

harness1611

munish1633

tackle1645

schanze1901

1611 Bible (King James) 1 Macc. iv. 7 They saw the campe of the heathen, that is was strong, and well harnessed .

3. To put harness on (a horse or other beast of burden or draught); now confined to draught animals, esp. carriage-horses, and the like. Also figurative, now chiefly to utilize (a river, waterfall, natural forces, atomic energy) for motive power.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > general equipment > [verb (transitive)] > harness or yoke

yokeOE

harness13..

cart-saddle1377

join1377

couple1393

enharness1490

benda1522

bind1535

span1550

team1552

spang1580

inyoke1595

trace1605

enclose?1615

gear1638

to get in1687

reharness1775

reyoke1813

to hook up1825

inspan1834

hitch1844

pole1846

stock1909

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > horse-gear > [verb (transitive)] > tack or harness

harness13..

putc1550

to put in1709

tackle1714

to put to1732

reharness1775

crupper1787

crup1880

tack1946

the world > action or operation > advantage > be advantageous or beneficial to [verb (transitive)] > take advantage of > turn to account > specific natural resources

exploit1865

harness1894

13.. K. Alis. 4708 He dude quyk harnesche hors, And sette theron heore cors.

1483 Cath. Angl. 176/1 To Harnes, epiphiare, falerare.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 579/2 Be your horses harnessed yet? it is tyme to go to ploughe.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Jer. xlvi. 4 Yee harnesse youre horses, & set youre selues vpon them.

1684 Scanderbeg Redivivus iv. 54 Followed by above 200 of the Lords..all splendidly Array'd, and their Horses extraordinarily Harnessed.

1720 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad VI. xxiv. 990 The Trojan Train Their Mules and Oxen harness to the Wain.

1890 R. Broughton Alas! III. 285 I should like to buy a little cart to harness him to.

absolute.1864 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia IV. xvii. iv. 548 Mitchell was harnessing for Potsdam.figurative.1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 115 Others that are harness'd with the Apron-strings of Trade.1775 R. B. Sheridan Rivals i. i I wish they were once harnessed together in matrimony.1856 P. E. Dove Logic Christian Faith i. ii. 72 Philosophy..must..harness herself and work.1894 Westm. Gaz. 5 Dec. 3/1 We may any day have news flashed to us by cable that Niagara is harnessed, and its stupendous power brought into ordinary commercial uses.1927 A. Christie Big Four xvii. 258 I believe that she has, to a certain extent, succeeded in liberating atomic energy and harnessing it to her purpose.1935 Discovery Feb. 41/1 The business of harnessing cosmic rays, of forcing them to do the work of electricity, is proceeding apace.1955 Times 19 May 3/6 This monster is, of course, the huge underwater vessel Nautilus..propelled by ‘the dynamic force of the universe’, which somehow he has succeeded in harnessing.1965 Listener 3 June 823/1 This seems..to make sense: harnessing individual and group enthusiasm to enrich the region.

†4. To dress, clothe, apparel, array. Obsolete or archaic.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > providing with clothing > provide with clothing [verb (transitive)]

wrya901

clothec950

shride971

aturnc1220

begoa1225

array1297

graith1297

agraithc1300

geara1325

cleadc1325

adightc1330

apparel1362

back1362

shape1362

attirea1375

parela1375

tirea1375

rayc1390

addressa1393

coverc1394

aguisea1400

scredea1400

shrouda1400

bedightc1400

buskc1400

harnessc1400

hatterc1400

revesta1449

able1449

dressa1450

reparel?c1450

adub?1473

endue?a1475

afaite1484

revestera1500

beclothe1509

trimc1516

riga1535

invest1540

vesture1555

suit1577

clad1579

investure1582

vest1582

deck1587

habit1594

to make ready1596

caparison1597

skin1601

shadow1608

garment1614

riga1625

raiment1656

garb1673

equip1695

to fit out1722

encase1725

tog1793

trick1821

to fig out1825

enclothe1832

toilet1842

to get up1858

habilitate1885

tailor1885

kit1919

c1400 Rom. Rose 2647 Ryse on morwe up erly, Out of thy bedde, and harneyse thee.

1467 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 408 Alle the hole crafte, shallen wayte vppon the seid Baillies..in ther best arraye harnesid.

1550 J. Heywood Hundred Epigrammes ix. sig. Av A goose is harnest in hir white feathers.

1647 J. Trapp Comm. Evangelists & Acts (Matt. vi. 7) With two [wings] they covered or harnessed their feet.

1848 C. Kingsley Saint's Trag. iv. i. 187 I am harnessed light as any foot-page.

Derivatives

ˈharnessing n. also concrete trappings accoutrement.

1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1895) II. 129 Certane horssis..harnest w^t braue harnessings.

1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) II. 35 The deer, whose harnessing is very simple.

1836 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers (1837) ix. 87 The whole process of harnessing had to be gone through afresh.

ˈharnesser n. one who harnesses.

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Harnacheur, a harnesser of a horse.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	harness
释义	harnessn. /ˈhɑːnɪs/ Forms: Middle English harnais, Middle English hernis, Middle English harnays, hernays, herneys, hernoys, hernes, Middle English–1500s harnes, Middle English–1600s her-, harneis(e, harneys(e, Middle English harnas, hernas, harnysse, harnoys, Middle English–1600s harnesse, Middle English– harness (1500s harnys, harniss, harnass, 1500s–1600s harnish, 1600s harnois, harnace). Etymology: Middle English, < Old French harneis, -ois (her-), modern French harnais (Picard harnas), whence also Provençal arnes, Spanish arnes, Portuguese arnez, Italian arnese, medieval Latin (h)arnesium, har-, hernasium, harnascha, harnasch (neuter). Ulterior origin uncertain: the Old French derived verb harnesquier, -eschier, shows that harneis represented an earlier harnesc, Latin type harniscum. From the French came also Middle High German harnesch, -nasch, -nas (12th cent.), German harnisch masculine; Middle Dutch harnas(ch), Dutch harnas neuter; Icelandic harneskja feminine.Often assumed to be of Celtic origin, on the strength of modern Breton harnez, hernez, (1) old iron, (2) harness, cuirass (Le Gonidec), compared with modern Welsh haiarn iron (Old Welsh hearn, Old Irish iarn < Proto-Celtic isarno-). But Thurneysen, Keltoromanisches* 36, points out fatal difficulties, phonetic and chronological. Breton harnez (in this sense) is probably < French. In the obscurity that surrounds the origin of the word, the primary sense and the order of sense-development remain uncertain. Several specific uses appear in Engl. about the same time; and the arrangement here followed is provisional. It seems probable that a general sense of ‘equipment, furniture, outfit, gear, tackle’, is the original. 1. Tackle, gear, furniture, armament; the equipment or mounting of any thing; e.g. of a ship, a fishing-rod, the metal-work of a girdle, etc. (obsolete). Still used of the mechanism by which a large bell is suspended and rung. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > supply > [noun] > that which is supplied > that with which anything is equipped > equipment or accoutrements ornament?c1225 i-wendea1250 atil1297 tacklea1325 apparel1330 conreyc1330 farec1330 tirec1330 apparementc1340 apparelmentc1374 graithc1375 appurtenancec1386 geara1400 warnementa1400 stuff1406 parelling?a1440 farrements1440 stuffurec1440 skippeson1444 harnessa1450 parela1450 implements1454 reparel1466 ordinance1475 habiliments1483 ornation1483 muniments1485 mountures1489 outred1489 accomplement?c1525 trinketc1525 garnishing1530 garniture1532 accoutrementsc1550 furniments1553 tackling1558 instrument1563 ordinara1578 appointment?1578 outreiking1584 appoint1592 dighting1598 outreik1598 apparate?c1600 accomplishment1605 attirail1611 coutrement1621 apparatusa1628 equipage1648 thing1662 equipment1717 paraphernalia1736 tack1777 outfit1787 fittinga1817 fixing1820 set-out1831 rigging1837 fixture1854 parapherna1876 clobber1890 the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > instrumentality > [noun] > (a) means > equipment for any action or undertaking ornament?c1225 i-wendea1250 atil1297 tacklea1325 apparel1330 conreyc1330 farec1330 tirec1330 apparementc1340 apparelmentc1374 graithc1375 appurtenancec1386 geara1400 warnementa1400 stuff1406 parelling?a1440 farrements1440 stuffurec1440 skippeson1444 harnessa1450 parela1450 implements1454 reparel1466 ordinance1475 habiliments1483 ornation1483 muniments1485 outred1489 trinketc1525 garnishing1530 garniture1532 accoutrementsc1550 furniments1553 tackling1558 instrument1563 ordinara1578 appointment?1578 outreiking1584 supellectile1584 appoint1592 dighting1598 outreik1598 materialsa1600 apparate?c1600 attirail1611 coutrement1621 apparatusa1628 outrig1639 equipage1648 thing1662 equipment1717 paraphernalia1736 fixture1767 tack1777 outfit1787 fittinga1817 fixing1820 matériel1821 set-out1831 rigging1837 parapherna1876 clobber1890 1294 Rolls of Parl. I. 128/2 Harnesia ad navem illam spectantia. 1333–4 Durham MS. Cell. Roll In..emendacione hernes del fyschors'. 1423 Act 2 Hen. VI c. 17 Null Orfeour ne Juellour nautre homme qe oepere harneis dargent.] a1450 Fysshynge wyth Angle (1883) 6 Ye muste furst lurne to mak ȝowr harnes þat ys to sey your rod your lynys..& your hokes. 1483–4 Act 1 Rich. III c. 12 No..maner Gurdels nor eny Harnes wrought for Gurdels. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 229 Harnesse for a gyrdelle, ferreure. 1632 J. Hayward tr. G. F. Biondi Eromena 11 A bastard Galley of three and thirty banks..and adorning her with double harnesse, tackling and furniture. 2. a. The defensive or body armour of a man-at-arms or foot-soldier; all the defensive equipment of an armed horseman, for both man and horse; military equipment or accoutrement. Historical or archaic. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > [noun] here-weedsOE weedOE here-scrudc1275 armourc1325 armsc1325 armingc1330 armouryc1330 harnessc1330 warnementa1400 fighting-wisec1400 gome-graithc1420 graithc1420 armaturea1460 habiliment1470 furniture1569 proof1583 harnessment1610 pewter1622 equipage1633 pamphract1934 c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 309 Norreis & Surreis..With hors & herneis at Carlele mad samnyng. 1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur ix. xl Youre harneis & horses haue ben fayre and clene kepte. 1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes i. i. 2 To make harnoys of yron and steel. 1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. biiii^v All the harnes thai hade Baith birny and breist plade. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) 1 Kings xx. 11 Let not him y^t putteth on y^e harnes make his boast like him y^t hath put it of. 1591 H. Savile tr. Tacitus Ende of Nero: Fower Bks. Hist. i. 44 A kind of harnish..composed of iron plates or stiffe bend-lether. 1606 P. Holland in tr. Suetonius Hist. Twelve Caesars Annot. 5 Enoplia was a kinde of Moriske daunce after a warlike manner in harnois. 1611 Bible (King James) 1 Kings xxii. 34 A certain man drew a bow at a venture, and smote the king of Israel betweene the ioynts of the harnesse . View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) v. v. 50 Ring the Alarum Bell, blow Winde, come wracke, At least wee'l dye with Harnesse on our backe. View more context for this quotation a1680 S. Butler Genuine Remains (1759) I. 219 Old Knights-errant in their Harness fought. 1852 H. W. Longfellow Warden Cinque Ports xi A single warrior, In sombre harness mailed. figurative.?1504 S. Hawes Example of Vertu sig. ee.viii^v Good hope thy legge harneys shall be.1558 Bp. T. Watson Holsome Doctr. Seuen Sacramentes i. f. ii^v Christe..hath armed vs wyth a seuen fold harnes, that is to say, with the seuen giftes of the holy gost.1609 S. Rowlands Famous Hist. Guy Earle of Warwick 54 What scales of Harness arm that crooked nose And teeth?1835 E. Bulwer-Lytton Rienzi II. iii. iii. 51 Men who win power, easily put on its harness dignity.1857 G. A. Lawrence Guy Livingstone iv. 35 To watch him in his training, and spy out the joints in his harness. [Cf. 1611 above]. b. Phrase, to harness: cf. to (formerly also†at) arms!. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military organization > signals > [interjection] > call to arms at armsc1330 alarmc1400 to harness1475 bows and bills!a1572 to (formerly alsoat) arms!1712 1475 Bk. Noblesse 69 Alle the comyns..[stode] sodanly to harneys and rebelled ayenst the duc of Exetyr. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VII f. xlij^v Cryes were made, euery man to harneys. c. With a: A suit of mail: see quot. 1559. ΚΠ 1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) i. 44 Many fayr harneyses shynyng. 1548 Act 2 & 3 Edw. VI c. 2 Preamb., Souldiors well furnished with good Horses and Harnesses. 1559 in G. J. Piccope Lancs. & Cheshire Wills (1857) I. 153 My soune..shall have one harnys that ys to saye a plate coote or jacke a sallett a payre of speutes and a halbert. 1720 J. Strype Stow's Surv. of London (rev. ed.) II. v. xxxii. 451/1 Such able Men as had white Harnesses. 1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth iii, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. I. 84 Had the Laird not wanted harness. †d. transferred. plural. Men in harness; men-at-arms. ΚΠ ?a1400 Arthur 314 Than hadde he out of Normandye..Fowre skore þowsand harneys. e. (See quot. 1940.) Also called ignition harness. ΘΚΠ society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > aeroplane > parts of aircraft > means of propulsion > [noun] > aircraft engine > ignition leads harness1938 1938 R. Keen Wireless Direction Finding (ed. 3) xiii. 523 To reduce the capacity of the screening of the cables, and to avoid the bulk and inconvenience of large numbers of separately screened leads, the whole wiring system of an engine may be built into a unit known as ‘screening harness’. Fig. 405 shows such a harness..for a Bristol ‘Pegasus’ radial engine. 1940 Chambers's Techn. Dict. 404/1 Harness, the entire system of screened ignition leads enclosed within their screening tubes to prevent electro~magnetic radiation from affecting the radio-receiving equipment. 1956 W. A. Heflin U.S. Air Force Dict. 262/2 Ignition harness, a system or assembly of wires, together with any shielding or conduits inclosing them, for conducting electric current from the distributor to the spark plugs of an aircraft engine. †3. The baggage or portable equipment of an army, a party of travellers, etc. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > possessions > [noun] > personal or movable property > personal belongings > portable harnessc1330 baggagec1430 truss1587 luggage1596 traps1813 kit1834 swag1853 society > travel > aspects of travel > a journey > [noun] > equipment for a journey > baggage trousseauc1230 harnessc1330 fardel1388 flittinga1400 stuff?a1400 baggagec1430 trussellc1440 carriagec1450 trussagec1500 traffic1538 trussery1548 traffe1566 sumpture1567 truss1587 needment1590 luggage1596 sumptery1620 piece1809 traps1813 roll-up1831 dunnage1834 kit1834 way baggage1836 swag1853 drum1861 swag bag1892 c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 236 Þis burgeis..Þe may & hir herneis did led vnto þe kyng. c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 1748 Oure harneys comeþ her be-hynde wiþ to hundred men araid. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 11642 Bath ass and ox at wit þam war, And bestes þat þair harnais [Fairf. hernays, Trin. Cambr. harneis] bar. c1400 Rom. Rose 7477 Whan the pilgrymes commen were..Hir harneis nigh hem was algate. 4. a. The trappings or accoutrements of a horse: formerly including those used in riding, but now confined to the gear or tackle of a draught horse or other animal. ‘The traces of draught horses, particularly of carriages of pleasure or state: of other carriages we say geer’ (Johnson). double harness, harness for two draught horses working side by side; single harness, harness for a draught horse working alone; in harness, side by side, together. Often figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > general equipment > [noun] > harness of draught animal harness1303 plough harnessc1390 geara1400 draught1483 van harness1823 trave harness1839 yoking1873 hitch1876 trace-harness1885 the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > horse-gear > [noun] harness1303 geara1400 graithc1650 tackling1650 horse-gear1653 garniture1670 tackle1684 van harness1823 tack1924 society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > [adverb] yferea1200 i-menec1200 in ferec1275 in commona1382 alongst with1582 along1600 in harness1873 in tow (with)1907 in tandem1930 (to be) in on the act1951 society > society and the community > social relations > co-operation > [adverb] mutually1531 shoulder to shouldera1586 in the (or a) quilla1616 in consort1634 concurrently1648 in harness1873 collectively1902 collaboratively1971 in tandem1974 the world > relative properties > relationship > accompaniment > [adverb] > together withc888 to-samec893 amongeOE togethersc1175 yferea1200 i-menec1200 togetherc1220 ymonec1300 i-samec1320 insamea1400 alongst with1582 jointly1656 concomitantly1696 collaterally1800 associatively1880 in tandem1930 in harness1967 1303 R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne 4599 To wynne hors and harnyse. a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 4281 No seg vnder heuene..araiȝed more beter..of hors & of harneys & alle oþer gere. c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 3664 Þe sadel..With gold was fret and pretious ston, and þe harneys was of golde. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 228/1 Harneys for hors, falere. 1463 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 34 My beste hors with sadil and brydil, with alle the beste harneys for oon hors longyng therto. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 229/2 Harnesse for the plough horse, harnoys de cherue. 1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxxix. xxxi. 1043 C. Calpurnius..highly praised the horsemen, and rewarded them with rich harnish and trappings. a1668 W. Davenant Wits v. 215 in Wks. (1673) Another Coach it drives from the Strand! Then have at the Harnace. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 336/1 Horses are fastned by their Harnish..to draw the Coach. 1743 Boston Weekly Post-boy 28 Nov. 4/1 (advt.) A fine open chariot, with the harnesses for two horses. 1824 ‘R. Stuart’ Descr. Hist. Steam Engine 22 It then bears itself quietly under the harness, (like good horses). 1834 T. Medwin Angler in Wales II. 39 Wild horses..which had never before been in harness. 1838 Lexington Observer & Rep. 2 June We soon hitch'd traces to trot in double harness. 1846 R. Ford Gatherings from Spain viii. 88 Those who have a friend with whom they feel they can venture to go in double harness, had better do so. 1862 Catal. Internat. Exhib., Brit. II. No. 4732 Double and single harness, pads, collars, round reins, pole pieces. 1873 ‘M. Twain’ & C. D. Warner Gilded Age 373 He and I are sworn brothers on that measure; we work in harness. 1901 ‘M. Gray’ Four-leaved Clover i And it's about time you went in double harness. I go better in single. To confess the solid truth, I was born an old maid. 1907 G. B. Shaw John Bull's Other Island i. 20 In the main it is by living with you and working in double harness with you that I have learnt to live in a real world and not in an imaginary one. 1937 D. L. Sayers Busman's Honeymoon vii. 152 It was her own feelings that didn't seem to be quite pulling in double harness with her intelligence. 1967 Listener 2 Feb. 177/3 Prokofiev enthusiasts will be delighted to see that Milstein has now recorded the two violin concertos in harness. b. figurative. Working equipments; the conditions, routine, and obligations of regular work. in harness, in the routine of daily work; to die in harness, i.e. in the midst of work. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > work > [noun] > routine or conditions of work harness1841 society > occupation and work > work > [adverb] > in routine of daily work in harness1841 the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > in habitual or customary use [phrase] > as part of ordinary routine > in the routine of daily work in harness1841 1841 W. M. Thackeray Great Hoggarty Diamond ii In early times, before we were well in harness. 1841 R. W. Emerson Man the Reformer in Dial Apr. 525 He must..take on him the harness of routine and obsequiousness. 1868 ‘H. Lee’ Basil Godfrey's Caprice xvii. 101 Queer pair to run i' harness. 1871 L. Stephen Playground of Europe (1894) xii. 279 After a holiday, the day on which we resume harness joins on to the day on which we dropped it. 1875 P. G. Hamerton Intellect. Life (ed. 2) x. vii. 371 The finest intellects have never lived in harness. 1875 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. III. xxi. 544 Like most medieval workers they all died in harness. 1883 S. C. Hall Retrospect Long Life I. 193 Palmerston..died, as he had lived, in harness, working to the last. 1889 S. Baring-Gould Pennycomequicks II. xviii. 26 If you insist on going into harness at once, in two years I shall be attending your funeral. c. From their resemblance to the harness of a horse (see sense 4a above): straps so arranged that they can be fitted for the protection of travellers in an aeroplane or car. Also used of straps fitted (a) on a dog, instead of a collar; (b) on a parachute; (c) in a perambulator; (d) round a child and held by an adult as a safety lead or leash. Also called safety harness. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping dogs or cats > [noun] > keeping or affinity with dogs > place to exercise hounds > collars, leads, etc. linea1000 collar1377 torretc1386 dog collar1485 doghook1528 terret1530 slip1564 dogwhip1583 trash1611 shangan1787 puzzle-peg1789 puzzle1792 shangy1825 leading-strap1856 nosepiece1865 dog tag1882 lead1893 harness1895 silent whistle1923 standing iron1934 society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > parachute > [noun] > harness or web rigging1921 riser1927 shroud line1929 lift-web1942 shroud1942 harness1951 society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > parts and equipment of motor vehicles > [noun] > seat-belt belt1915 seat belt1932 safety belt1938 lap belt1952 lap strap1960 harness1962 inertia reel1962 society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > parts and equipment of motor vehicles > [noun] > seat-belt > for child harness1962 child restraint1967 1895 Montgomery Ward Catal. Spring & Summer 484/2 Pug dog harness, black or russet leather. 1897 H. Dalziel Brit. Dogs (ed. 2) III. 43 A kind of dog-harness to mitigate the evils of..choking by the collar. 1935 C. G. Burge Compl. Bk. Aviation 538/1 Safety belts and safety harness have been specially designed for use in aircraft... Harness must hold the wearer firmly in his seat against upward accelerations. 1939 Sewing Machine & Pram Gaz., Buyers' Guide Apr. 30 (caption) This firm have a very wide selection of reins and safety belts... A typical model of Safety harness is illustrated. 1945 C. H. Ward-Jackson It's a Piece of Cake (new ed.) 38 Harness, strap holding one to one's seat in an aircraft. 1951 Gloss. Aeronaut. Terms (B.S.I.) iii. 13 Harness, an assembly of straps or cords worn by a parachutist or employed to suspend an inanimate load to which the parachute is attached. 1962 Times 23 Jan. 5/6 Every approved harness [in a motor-car] has a quick-release catch. 1962 Which? Jan. 8/1 The buckles of the three harnesses that survived the test crash intact were easy to release. 1963 B.S.I. News May 34 Safety harness for babies... The types dealt with will be suitable for attachment to perambulators, push chairs and high chairs. Provision will also be made for use of reins with the harness, when the child is able to walk. 1971 J. Philips Escape a Killer (1972) i. ii. 24 She unbuckled the dog's harness. 1972 P. Cleife Slick & Dead xviii. 233 Tripping the quick-release of my harness, I leapt from my seat. 5. †a. Household and personal equipment; furniture; apparel. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > [noun] clothesc888 hattersOE shroudc1000 weedOE shrouda1122 clothc1175 hatteringa1200 atourc1220 back-clout?c1225 habit?c1225 clothingc1275 cleadinga1300 dubbinga1300 shroudinga1300 attirec1300 coverturec1300 suitc1325 apparel1330 buskingc1330 farec1330 harness1340 tire1340 backs1341 geara1350 apparelmentc1374 attiringa1375 vesturec1385 heelinga1387 vestmentc1386 arraya1400 graitha1400 livery1399 tirementa1400 warnementa1400 arrayment1400 parelc1400 werlec1400 raiment?a1425 robinga1450 rayc1450 implements1454 willokc1460 habiliment1470 emparelc1475 atourement1481 indumenta1513 reparel1521 wearing gear1542 revesture1548 claesc1550 case1559 attirement1566 furniture1566 investuring1566 apparelling1567 dud1567 hilback1573 wear1576 dress1586 enfolding1586 caparison1589 plight1590 address1592 ward-ware1598 garnish1600 investments1600 ditement1603 dressing1603 waith1603 thing1605 vestry1606 garb1608 outwall1608 accoutrementa1610 wearing apparel1617 coutrement1621 vestament1632 vestiment1637 equipage1645 cask1646 aguise1647 back-timbera1656 investiture1660 rigging1664 drapery1686 vest1694 plumage1707 bussingc1712 hull1718 paraphernalia1736 togs1779 body clothing1802 slough1808 toggery1812 traps1813 garniture1827 body-clothes1828 garmenture1832 costume1838 fig1839 outfit1840 vestiture1841 outer womana1845 outward man1846 vestiary1846 rag1855 drag1870 clo'1874 parapherna1876 clobber1879 threads1926 mocker1939 schmatte1959 vine1959 kit1989 the mind > possession > possessions > [noun] > personal or movable property feec888 goodOE chateus1297 moblea1325 farec1330 harness1340 gearc1380 plentiesc1384 goods and cattel1418 pelfa1425 testament1424 movables1428 personals1436 stuff1438 cattle1473 cabow1489 chattel1549 chattel personal1552 goods and chattels1576 luggage1624 corporeals1647 effects1657 chose1670 personalities1753 stock1776 plunder1780 personal effects1818 personalty1827 taonga1863 marbles1864 society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > [noun] > of a house attirec1325 harness1340 gearc1380 household1420 stuff1438 household stuff1445 standard?1474 utensil1484 inspreith1488 utensilies1496 household goods1501 insight1522 wardrobe stuff?a1527 housewifery1552 plenishing1561 householdry1570 supellectile1584 household effects1762 sticks of furniture1777 house furnishing1827 houseware1827 ingear1835 supellex1849 household appliance1853 homeware1868 home1887 décor1926 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 24 Þe diȝtinge of his house wyþ eyse of loste, and oþre manere harneys. a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 1582 William..wel him a-tyred Gayli in cloþes of gold & oþer gode harneis. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 228/1 Harneys, or hustylment (K. instrumentys longynge to howsolde), utensile. c1440 Gesta Romanorum (Harl.) xl. 159 She dude of hir harnes, and come, and laye downe by him. 1511 in E. Hobhouse Churchwardens' Accts. (1890) 131 Of Iohn Gurnan for y^e Church harnes. 1602 W. Fulbecke Pandectes 47 They had about their harneys certaine yron buttons. b. Uniform, clothes. harness bull, harness cop, a policeman in uniform. U.S. slang (chiefly criminals'). ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > [noun] > for specific people > for members of a body or association suitc1325 uniform1836 harness1891 society > law > law enforcement > police force or the police > [noun] > policeman > other types of policeman star1714 Special Constable1733 police runner1782 snoozy1823 New Policeman1830 redbreast1862 roundsman1868 state trooper1883 harness cop1891 black and tans1920 B Special1922 tans1932 1891 ‘M. Twain’ What is Man? (1917) 225 At the Metropolitan in New York they sit in a glare, and wear their showiest harness. 1899 B. W. Green Word-bk. Virginia Folk-speech 178 Harness,..clothing, dress garments. 1903 A. H. Lewis Boss 262 [The] Captain sends along a couple of his harness bulls from Mulberry Street. 1914 L. E. Jackson & C. R. Hellyer Vocab. Criminal Slang 42 Harness, general currency. A uniform... A ‘harness bull’ is the commonest form of the term's use. 1926 J. Black You can't Win iv. 31 The ‘harness cop’ who had been at the front door went back to his beat. 1926 J. Black You can't Win xii. 165 We're bang up against the city prison when a big, flat-footed, harness bull steps out an' yaffles us. 1930 E. H. Lavine Third Degree ii. 12 ‘Wise detectives’, who dread going back into ‘harness’, or uniform,..sail along the lines of least resistance. 1931 ‘D. Stiff’ Milk & Honey Route iv. 45 Any harness bull can tell you where the municipal lodging house..is to be found. 1972 J. Godey Three Worlds (1973) iii. 32 The cops. From the chief on down to the harness bulls. 6. The apparatus in a loom by which the sets of warp-threads are shifted alternately to form the shed; the mounting. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > [noun] > weaving > loom > other parts studdlelOE staff1338 trendle14.. trindle1483 cylinder?a1560 harness1572 mail1731 mounture1731 leaf1807 march1807 dropbox1823 neck-twine1827 mounting1835 shaft1839 Jack1848 selvage-protector1863 serpent1878 take-up motiona1884 swell1894 1572 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxf. (1880) 341 That every weaver have in his house or shop from the summe of 16 bores to the summe of 700 harneyses and slayes, 3 beares betweene every harnys. 1826 in Patents for Invent.: Weaving (1861) 88 These healds or harness, when complete, are formed by what I shall term double perfect loops. 1831 G. R. Porter Treat. Silk Manuf. 216 Heddles, which are commonly called the harness of the loom. 1836 A. Ure Cotton Manuf. Great Brit. II. 282 The harness of the draw-loom is not confined by leaves but every cord carries a mail or loop for the warp. 1888 Eggleston in Cent. Mag. XXXVI. 529/2 When Barbara had tied a broken string in the ‘harness’ of the loom, she resumed her seat on the bench. †7. Privy members. Also, privy harness. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > sex organs > [noun] shapea1000 shameOE i-cundeOE memberc1300 privy memberc1325 kindc1330 privitiesc1375 harness1382 shameful parts1382 genitoriesa1387 partc1390 tailc1390 genitalsa1393 thingc1405 genitalc1450 privy parts1533 secret1535 loin?1541 genitures1548 filthy parts1553 shamefulness1561 ware1561 meatc1564 natural places1569 secret members1577 lady ware1592 natural parts1601 lady's ware1608 gear1611 private parts1623 groin1631 pudendums1634 natural1650 privacies1656 sex1664 secrecyc1675 nudities1677 affair1749 sexual parts1753 person1824 sex organ1847 privates1940 naughty bits1972 1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Gen. ix. 22 The privey herneis of his father. c1386 G. Chaucer Wife of Bath's Prol. 136 Euery wight..That hath swich harneys as I of tolde. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 453 Þere [i.e. in Nysa] men heleþ her prive herneys wiþ þynne leves. 15.. Frere & Boye in J. Ritson Pieces Anc. Pop. Poetry (1791) 45 Unnethes on hym he had one cloute..His harneys for to hyde. †8. Ware, gear; figurative affairs, matters. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > merchandise > [noun] warec1000 warec1000 cheapingc1200 chaffer1297 gooda1300 merchandisec1300 harnessc1386 pennyworths1403 haberdashery1419 merchandya1425 mercimonyc1460 merchantyc1485 merchandrise?1495 haberdasha1529 traffic1533 chaffery1535 trade1645 Manchester goods1705 stuff1708 sundries1740 business model1832 Manchester1920 tradables1921 durable1930 the world > action or operation > doing > activity or occupation > [noun] > business claiming attention > an occupation or affair > affairs harnessc1386 matters1569 concern1649 shit1988 c1386 G. Chaucer Parson's Tale ⁋900 Why þat a man synneþ as by which temptacioun or by excitynge of oþer folke..and alle such maner harneys. c1440 York Myst. xv. 102 Loo! here slyke harnays as I haue, A baren broche by a belle of tynne At youre bosom to be. Compounds C1. General attributive. a. (In sense 4.) harness-boss n. ΚΠ 1853 C. Dickens Bleak House lxvi. 620 The polishing..of stirrup-irons, bits, curb-chains, harness-bosses. harness-horse n. ΚΠ 1861 J. H. Walsh & J. I. Lupton Horse xv. 272 Hacks and Harness-horses demand nearly as much time and care to prepare them for their work. 1889 Earl of Onslow in Duke of Beaufort et al. Driving (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) 74 A harness horse in regular work ought to be fed four times a day. harness-leather n. ΚΠ 1853 C. Morfit Art of Tanning, Currying, & Leather-dressing (new ed.) 152 ‘Harness’ leather is blackened in the grain. harness-maker n. ΚΠ 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Armorier, an armorer, or Harnesse-maker. 1889 H. Dixon et al. in Duke of Beaufort et al. Driving (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) 94 It is adviseable..for the harness-maker to see the horse he is required to fit with a collar. harness-polisher n. harness-room n. ΚΠ 1889 H. Dixon et al. in Duke of Beaufort et al. Driving (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) 89 The harness-room should be provided with a fireplace or some kind of stove. harness-tie n. harness-work n. ΚΠ 1898 N.E.D. at Harness Mod. Horses for quiet Harness-work. b. (In sense 6.) harness-board n. (see quot.) ΚΠ 1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Harness-board, the compass-board of a loom, having holes through which pass the neck twines. harness-cord n. ΚΠ 1836 A. Ure Cotton Manuf. Great Brit. II. 282 The harness cords of a draw-loom. harness-twine n. c. harness-bearing adj. ΚΠ 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. xi. sig. Z5 Ioue's harnesse-bearing Bird. C2. harness-clamp n. (see quot.). ΚΠ 1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Harness-clamp (Saddlery), a kind of vice used to hold leather while being stitched. † harness-man n. Obsolete = harness-bearer n., an armour-bearer. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > military servant > [noun] > weapon- or armour-bearer scutifera1400 armourerc1405 harness-man1530 weapon-bearer1535 esquire1553 armour-bearer1560 harness-bearer1563 shield-bearer1603 shield-knave1627 Port-glaive1652 sword-bearer1660 selictar1684 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 229/2 Harnesman, armigere. harness-plate n. electroplated metal work used in harness. harness-plater n. (see quot.). ΚΠ 1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Harness-plater, a workman who electro~plates the metal work for harness. harness race n. Webster (1909). ΚΠ 1968 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 17 Feb. 44 (advt.) Nine harness races today. harness racing n. (also harness horse racing) a race between horses harnessed to vehicles. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > horse racing > [noun] > types of racing steeple-hunting1772 quarter-racing1779 roading1787 pony racing1809 steeplechasing1816 steeple running1818 steeple racing1840 horse-trotting1857 plating1865 trotting1883 chasing1886 flat-racing1886 harness racing1901 flapping1911 flapper1928 point-to-pointing1952 pointing1976 1901 World Almanac 266 Harness racing. 1909 World Almanac & Encycl. 1910 213 Harness horse racing. 1947 Newsweek 8 Sept. 71/1 Harness racing is doing very well in keeping up with the flashy bankrolls of the times. 1968 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 3 Feb. 36/2 About the only sure thing in harness racing is that Russ Miller..will come up with something special each year. 1971 Guardian 9 June 6/5 Trotting or harness racing, which has become a major sporting attraction in Australia and the United States, is making a comeback in its place of origin, the Yorkshire dales and fells. harness-tub n. = harness-cask n. harness-weaver n. (see quot.). ΚΠ 1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Harness Weavers, operatives employed in Paisley in weaving the more complicated patterns of shawls. Derivatives ˈharnessry n. rare harness collectively. ΚΠ 1824 J. H. Wiffen tr. T. Tasso Jerusalem Delivered vii. lxxxii With chariots, harnessries, and helms. ˈharnessy adj. colloquial smacking of harness. ΚΠ 1892 Field 14 May 729/1 She [a mare] seemed a bit heavy about the neck, and ‘harnessy’. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online June 2022). harnessv. Forms: α. Middle English harneyschen, Middle English–1500s harnesch(en, 1500s harnisch. β. Middle English harneyse(n, harneise(n, harnayse(n, harnesse(n, harnas(se(n, hernays, Middle English–1500s harnys(e, harnes, Middle English–1600s harnass, 1500s harnesse, 1600s harnise, 1500s– harness. Etymology: In form harnesche , < Old French harneschier (12th cent. in Hatzfeld & Darmesteter), Picard harnesquier , later harnaskier , harnascher , harnacher (Romance type harnescāre , compare Provençal arnescar* ), < harnesc- , Old French harneis harness n. The β. forms are formed from, or conformed to, the noun.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈharness. †1. To furnish, equip, accoutre; esp. to mount, or ornament with fittings of some precious material. ΘΠ the mind > possession > supply > provide or supply (something) [verb (transitive)] > provide or supply (a person or thing) with anything > equip or outfit frameOE dightc1275 fayc1275 graith1297 attire1330 purveyc1330 shapec1330 apparel1366 harnessc1380 ordaina1387 addressa1393 array1393 pare1393 feata1400 point1449 reparel?c1450 provide1465 fortify1470 emparel1480 appoint1490 deck?15.. equip1523 trim1523 accoutre1533 furnish1548 accommodate1552 fraught1571 suit1572 to furnish up1573 to furnish out1577 rig1579 to set out1585 equipage1590 outreik1591 befit1598 to furnish forth1600 fita1616 to fit up1670 outrig1681 to fit out1722 mount?1775 outfit1798 habilitate1824 arm1860 to fake out1871 heel1873 c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 3665 Brydel and paytrel & al þe gere Wiþ fyn gold y-harneysed were. c1386 G. Chaucer Prol. 114 A gay daggere, Harneised wel and sharpe as point of spere. c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) xix. 86 Brade gyrdils of silke, wele hernayst with gold and preciouse stanes. 1418 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 34 My Baselard harneysed with siluer. 1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur viii. xxxiv A fayre horne harnest with gold. 1534 in E. Peacock Eng. Church Furnit. (1866) 193 ij verges paynted made for the chamberlaynes harnesid at bothe endes with syluer. 1877 Jrnl. Archæol. Inst. 34 300 [Wooden drinking-cups] hooped and mounted or ‘harnessed’ in silver. 2. a. To equip in ‘harness’ or armour; to arm, to accoutre. archaic. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > of armour: protect [verb (transitive)] > clothe with or encase in armc1275 graith1297 enarmc1320 tirec1330 harnessc1380 haspc1400 endossa1500 armour1578 case1582 clothe1590 dight1590 emboss1590 array1809 c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 2929 Harneyscheaþ ȝow with-oute lette. c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 592 So harnayst as he watȝ he herkneȝ his masse. c1440 York Myst. xxviii. 195 Both armed and harneysed ȝe be. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) ix. 710 [Thai] schot furth, fra thai harnast [1489 Adv. harnasyt] war. ?1562 Thersytes sig. A.i^v When I am harnessed well. 1682 J. Bunyan Holy War 46 Harness your selves for the war. View more context for this quotation 1868 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest II. ix. 324 Their decks were thick with warriors harnessed for the battle. figurative.1531 W. Tyndale Expos. 1 John (1537) 79 They..harnesse themselues with the meditacyon of those thinges which Christ suffered.a1549 A. Borde Fyrst Bk. Introd. Knowl. (1870) 156 Now am I harnest, and redy, Doche for to speke.1556 J. Olde tr. R. Gwalther Antichrist f. 36 The Leoparde..hade foure winges, and was harnessed wyth as many hornes. †b. To equip (a place) defensively; to fortify. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > fortify [verb (transitive)] fastenOE enfirm1297 ofstrengthc1325 strengthc1325 warnc1330 ward1340 warnestorec1374 abattlec1380 embattlec1380 fortify1436 bulwark1450 strengthen1450 bastille1480 enstrength1483 rempare1525 munite1533 fence1535 force1535 ranforce1547 rampire1550 fort1559 ramforce1570 fortificate1575 refortify1579 ensconce1590 munify1596 sconce1598 renforce1602 harness1611 munish1633 tackle1645 schanze1901 1611 Bible (King James) 1 Macc. iv. 7 They saw the campe of the heathen, that is was strong, and well harnessed . View more context for this quotation 3. To put harness on (a horse or other beast of burden or draught); now confined to draught animals, esp. carriage-horses, and the like. Also figurative, now chiefly to utilize (a river, waterfall, natural forces, atomic energy) for motive power. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > general equipment > [verb (transitive)] > harness or yoke yokeOE harness13.. cart-saddle1377 join1377 couple1393 enharness1490 benda1522 bind1535 span1550 team1552 spang1580 inyoke1595 trace1605 enclose?1615 gear1638 to get in1687 reharness1775 reyoke1813 to hook up1825 inspan1834 hitch1844 pole1846 stock1909 the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > horse-gear > [verb (transitive)] > tack or harness harness13.. putc1550 to put in1709 tackle1714 to put to1732 reharness1775 crupper1787 crup1880 tack1946 the world > action or operation > advantage > be advantageous or beneficial to [verb (transitive)] > take advantage of > turn to account > specific natural resources exploit1865 harness1894 13.. K. Alis. 4708 He dude quyk harnesche hors, And sette theron heore cors. 1483 Cath. Angl. 176/1 To Harnes, epiphiare, falerare. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 579/2 Be your horses harnessed yet? it is tyme to go to ploughe. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Jer. xlvi. 4 Yee harnesse youre horses, & set youre selues vpon them. 1684 Scanderbeg Redivivus iv. 54 Followed by above 200 of the Lords..all splendidly Array'd, and their Horses extraordinarily Harnessed. 1720 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad VI. xxiv. 990 The Trojan Train Their Mules and Oxen harness to the Wain. 1890 R. Broughton Alas! III. 285 I should like to buy a little cart to harness him to. absolute.1864 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia IV. xvii. iv. 548 Mitchell was harnessing for Potsdam.figurative.1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 115 Others that are harness'd with the Apron-strings of Trade.1775 R. B. Sheridan Rivals i. i I wish they were once harnessed together in matrimony.1856 P. E. Dove Logic Christian Faith i. ii. 72 Philosophy..must..harness herself and work.1894 Westm. Gaz. 5 Dec. 3/1 We may any day have news flashed to us by cable that Niagara is harnessed, and its stupendous power brought into ordinary commercial uses.1927 A. Christie Big Four xvii. 258 I believe that she has, to a certain extent, succeeded in liberating atomic energy and harnessing it to her purpose.1935 Discovery Feb. 41/1 The business of harnessing cosmic rays, of forcing them to do the work of electricity, is proceeding apace.1955 Times 19 May 3/6 This monster is, of course, the huge underwater vessel Nautilus..propelled by ‘the dynamic force of the universe’, which somehow he has succeeded in harnessing.1965 Listener 3 June 823/1 This seems..to make sense: harnessing individual and group enthusiasm to enrich the region. †4. To dress, clothe, apparel, array. Obsolete or archaic. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > providing with clothing > provide with clothing [verb (transitive)] wrya901 clothec950 shride971 aturnc1220 begoa1225 array1297 graith1297 agraithc1300 geara1325 cleadc1325 adightc1330 apparel1362 back1362 shape1362 attirea1375 parela1375 tirea1375 rayc1390 addressa1393 coverc1394 aguisea1400 scredea1400 shrouda1400 bedightc1400 buskc1400 harnessc1400 hatterc1400 revesta1449 able1449 dressa1450 reparel?c1450 adub?1473 endue?a1475 afaite1484 revestera1500 beclothe1509 trimc1516 riga1535 invest1540 vesture1555 suit1577 clad1579 investure1582 vest1582 deck1587 habit1594 to make ready1596 caparison1597 skin1601 shadow1608 garment1614 riga1625 raiment1656 garb1673 equip1695 to fit out1722 encase1725 tog1793 trick1821 to fig out1825 enclothe1832 toilet1842 to get up1858 habilitate1885 tailor1885 kit1919 c1400 Rom. Rose 2647 Ryse on morwe up erly, Out of thy bedde, and harneyse thee. 1467 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 408 Alle the hole crafte, shallen wayte vppon the seid Baillies..in ther best arraye harnesid. 1550 J. Heywood Hundred Epigrammes ix. sig. Av A goose is harnest in hir white feathers. 1647 J. Trapp Comm. Evangelists & Acts (Matt. vi. 7) With two [wings] they covered or harnessed their feet. 1848 C. Kingsley Saint's Trag. iv. i. 187 I am harnessed light as any foot-page. Derivatives ˈharnessing n. also concrete trappings accoutrement. Π 1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1895) II. 129 Certane horssis..harnest w^t braue harnessings. 1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) II. 35 The deer, whose harnessing is very simple. 1836 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers (1837) ix. 87 The whole process of harnessing had to be gone through afresh. ˈharnesser n. one who harnesses. Π 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Harnacheur, a harnesser of a horse. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1303v.13..
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