harrown.1
/ˈharəʊ/, U.S. /ˈhɛroʊ/ 1. figurative.1846 W. S. Landor Imaginary Conversat. in Wks. II. 38/2 Under the harrow of affliction.
a. A heavy frame of timber (or iron) set with iron teeth or tines, which is dragged over ploughed land to break clods, pulverize and stir the soil, root up weeds, or cover in the seed. Sometimes made in two halves, and then locally called the harrows.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > tools and implements > harrowing equipment > [noun] > harrow
eythea800
harrowa1350
herse1480
breaker1799
a1350 Childh. Jesus 1365 (Mätz.) Ouȝht..þat scholde to harewe oþur to plouȝ, He couþe it wurchen.
1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xix. 268 Þise foure..harwed in an handwhile al holy scripture, Wyth two harwes þat þei hadde..Id est, vetus testamentum & nouum. [1393 C. xxii. 272 eythes.]
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 12388 For plogh and haru [Trin. Cambr. harwe, Fairf. harou] cuth he dight.
a1400–50 Alexander 1063 A harrow foreheld ouer with tyndez.
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 228/2 Harowe [v.r. harwe], erpica.
1573 T. Tusser Fiue Hundreth Points Good Husbandry (new ed.) f. 15 A barley rake toothed, with Iron & steele, like paier of harrowes.
1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 23v The Harrowe, is an instrument crosse lettused, to breake the Cloddes withall, and to couer the seedes.
1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 626 The harrow is employed after the plough..to produce a more complete pulverization of the soil.
1897 Notes & Queries 8th Ser. XI. 432/2 She was an adept at the management of cart and harrows.
b. With various defining words, as Berwickshire harrow, †back harrow; revolving harrow n. a harrow of which the teeth are fixed on radiating arms, so as to revolve horizontally. Also brake (or break) harrow (brake n.3 4), bush-harrow n., chain-harrow (chain n. Compounds 3), etc.
ΚΠ
1616 G. Markham tr. C. Estienne et al. Maison Rustique (rev. ed.) v. xi. 541 Breake the clods..& then with your back-harrowes runne ouer them againe.
1808 R. Forsyth Beauties Scotl. V. 420 Break-harrows and rollers are almost as yet confined to a few proprietors.
1826 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Agric. (1831) 414 The Berwickshire harrow is the most perfect implement of the kind in general use.
c. Phrases and locutions.
ΚΠ
c1380 Eng. Wycliffite Serm. in Sel. Wks. II. 280 Cristene men may seye, as þe poete seiþ in prouerbe—þe frogge seide to þe harwe, cursid be so many lordis.
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. ixv It is an olde saynge the oxe is neuer wo tyll he to the harowe go.
1806 J. Beresford Miseries Human Life I. xii. 309 Placed, and held, under the harrow.
1817 W. Scott Rob Roy II. xiv. 308 Ower mony maisters, as the paddock said to the harrow, when every tooth gae her a tig.
1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. (at cited word) To rin awa' with the harrows, applied to those who do not reason fairly; especially, when they go on..disregarding any thing that has already been said in reply.
1827 J. Bentham Rationale Judicial Evid. I. ii. vi. 385 Kept like toads under a harrow.
1827 W. Scott Jrnl. 24 Dec. (1941) 163 If I die in the harrows, as is very likely, I shall die with honour.
1889 Spectator 12 Oct. 463/1 The Armenians and Cretans are already under the harrow.
2. † b. A kind of sledge: also harrow-sled. Obsolete.
a. transferred. A similar contrivance used for other purposes: see quots., and cf. hearse n.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > barricade > [noun] > anti-cavalry barrier
turnpikec1420
caltrop1519
harrow1548
chausse-trap1591
swine feather1639
swine's pike1639
crowfoot1678
cheval de frise1688
horse de frise1688
hersillon1704
herse1728
crow's foot1772
trou-de-loup1780
cheval-trap1787
frise1809
spear1823
punji stake (or stick)1849
night-cat1863
society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > sharp weapon > other sharp weapons > [noun]
bidowe1362
harrow1548
tiger's-claw1891
moley1950
malky1973
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry V f. xlviiiv They haue imagined caltrappes, harowes and other new trickes to defende the force of the horsmen.
1611 Bible (King James) 1 Chron. xx. 3 Hee brought out the people..and cut them with sawes, and with harrowes of yron, and with axes. View more context for this quotation
1660 Bp. J. Taylor Ductor Dubitantium I. ii. ii. (R.) That David made the people of the Ammonites to pass under saws and harrows of iron is not safely imitable by Christian souldiers.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicles according to means of motion > vehicle moving on runners > [noun]
car1488
harrow15..
trail1570
sladea1585
slidec1692
carriole1761
carryall1797
trail-cart1803
jumper1823
toboggan1829
konaki1914
15.. Tourn. Tottenham 203 in Hazlitt Ritson's Songs (1877) 81 Sum broght gret harows Ther husbandes for to hom fech.
1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Harrowe sled, traha.
c. In Fortification: see quot. 1788.
ΚΠ
1788 Chambers's Cycl. (new ed.) Harrow, in Fortification, is a Gate made of timber, whose dimensions are commonly six by four inches, and six inches distant from each other, well fastened to three or four cross bars, and secured with iron.
d. In Gold-mining: see quots.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > equipment for treating ores > [noun] > for washing ore > for gold > instruments for breaking up clay or gravel
sluice-fork1856
harrow1869
1869 R. B. Smyth Gold Fields Victoria Gloss. 613 Harrows are fixed to the pole of a puddling machine, and being dragged round, divide and mix the auriferous clays with water.
1888 F. Hume Madame Midas i. v. 44 The wash dirt being put into these, there was an iron ring held up by chains, having blunt spikes to it, which was called a harrow.
3. A diagonal arrangement of soldiers; also of migratory fowl in the air.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > freshwater birds > order Anseriformes (geese, etc.) > [noun] > formation when flying
wedge1869
harrow1876
society > armed hostility > military operations > distribution of troops > formation > [noun] > other formations
herse1523
shears1562
snail1579
rendy1581
saw battle1598
shear-battle1598
file1616
horn battle1635
sconce-battle1635
potence1760
echelon1796
marching order1819
harrow1876
zariba1887
1876 J. G. Holland Story of Sevenoaks (new ed.) xii. 158 The wild geese flying over..had called to Jim..and he had looked up at the huge harrow scraping the sky.
1891 Cornhill Mag. Dec. 643 (temp. Edw. III) Let your men form a harrow on either side of the ridge.
1891 Cornhill Mag. Dec. 647 The four-deep harrow formation which gave strength to their array, and yet permitted every man to draw his arrow freely without harm to those in front.
4. [ < the verb.] The act of harrowing.
ΚΠ
1871 R. Ellis tr. Catullus Poems lxiv. 13 Scarcely the wave foamed white to the reckless harrow of oarsmen.
Compounds
C1. General attributive.
a.
harrow-beam n.
harrow-maker n.
ΚΠ
1483 Cath. Angl. 176/2 An Harow or a harow maker, erpicarius.
harrow-man n.
ΚΠ
1826 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Agric. (1831) 528 The harrow-man's attention..should be constantly directed to [etc.].
harrow-pin n.
ΚΠ
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 229/2 Harowe pynne, cheuille de herse.
harrow-tooth n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > tools and implements > harrowing equipment > [noun] > harrow > parts of
harrow-tooth1483
bull?1523
harrow-bull?1523
spindle1616
whippin1697
whippletree1733
tining1760
sheth1788
slot1799
harrow-tine-
1483 Cath. Angl. 176/2 An Harow toothe, paxillus.
1616 G. Markham tr. C. Estienne et al. Maison Rustique (rev. ed.) vii. xvi. 662 Harrow-buls, Harrow-teeth.
1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth ii, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. I. 74 Plough-graith and harrow-teeth!
b.
harrow-shaped adj.
ΚΠ
1860 E. B. Pusey Minor Prophets 67 Harrow-shaped planks, set with sharp stones.
C2.
harrow-bull n. [see bull n.5] one of the pieces of wood which form the frame of the harrow.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > tools and implements > harrowing equipment > [noun] > harrow > parts of
harrow-tooth1483
bull?1523
harrow-bull?1523
spindle1616
whippin1697
whippletree1733
tining1760
sheth1788
slot1799
harrow-tine-
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. ixv An oxe harrowe, the which is made of .vi. smale peses of tymbre called harrow bulles..and in euery bulle are .vi. sharpe peces of yron called harrow tyndes.
harrow-cultivator n. a modification of the harrow supported on wheels.
harrow-spindle n. one of the ‘slots’ or crosspieces which are mortised through the ‘bulls’.
ΚΠ
a1642 H. Best Farming & Memorandum Bks. (1984) 127 The smallest sorte of them for harrowe-spindles.
Thesaurus »
Categories »
harrow-tine n. (also †harrow-tind) = harrow-tooth n. at Compounds 1a.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
harrown.2
dialect.
= harre n., hinge.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > building and constructing equipment > fastenings > [noun] > hinge > for gate or door
harrec725
hingec1380
vardle1525
harrow1528
engine1552
1528 Accts. St. John's Hosp., Canterbury (Canterbury Cathedral Archives: CCA-U13/4) Paid for..ye harrow of a gate.
1863 W. Barnes Gram. & Gloss. Dorset Dial. Harrow of a gate, the backer upright timber of a gate by which it is hung to its post.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2019).
Harrown.3
Cricket.
I. Compounds.
1. Designating a cricket bat of less than full size, for use particularly by a younger player.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > equipment > [adjective] > type of bat
Harrow1884
1884 James Lillywhite's Cricketers' Ann. (advt.) 7 Youth's Cane-handled Bats. Harrow size..each 0 15 0.
2. Harrow drive n.
a. An attacking off-side stroke by which the ball is hit vigorously with a straight bat off the front or back foot, often straight and generally into an arc between the bowler and point; = drive n. 9b(a). Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > batting > [noun] > types of stroke
long ball1744
nip1752
catch1816
no-hit1827
cut1833
short hit1833
draw1836
drive1836
square hit1837
skylarker1839
skyer1840
skyscraper1842
back-cut1845
bum1845
leg sweep1846
slog1846
square cut1850
driver1851
Harrow drive1851
leg slip1852
poke1853
snick1857
snorter1859
leg stroke1860
smite1861
on-drive1862
bump ball1864
rocketer1864
pull1865
grass trimmer1867
late cut1867
off-drive1867
spoon1871
push1873
push stroke1873
smack1875
Harrow drive1877
pull-stroke1880
leg glance1883
gallery-hit1884
boundary-stroke1887
glide1888
sweep1888
boundary1896
hook1896
leg glide1896
backstroke1897
flick1897
hook stroke1897
cover-drive1898
straight drive1898
square drive1900
edger1905
pull-drive1905
slash1906
placing stroke1907
push drive1912
block shot1915
if-shot1920
placing shot1921
cow-shot1922
mow1925
Chinese cut1937
haymaker1954
hoick1954
perhapser1954
air shot1956
steepler1959
mishook1961
swish1963
chop-
1851 J. Pycroft Cricket Field ix. 171 ‘I beg your pardon, sir,’ he..said.., ‘but ain't you Harrow?’—‘Then we shan't want a man down there,’..; ‘stand for the “Harrow drive”, between point and middle wicket.’
1866 John Lawrence's Handbk. Cricket in Ireland 1866-7 106 Diagram 1.—Shewing position of the Field in Slow Bowling... Harrow drive or Mid off.
1894 Riverine Grazier (Hay, New S. Wales) 21 Sept. 4/6 The old Harrow drive, between cover-point and mid-off, is so certain of scoring now that long leg has been removed and bidden to go across the extra mid off.
1905 Liverpool Daily Post 27 July 4/8 MacLaren once off-drove Gunn in his most characteristic style—a famous Harrow drive.
1935 Lancashire Daily Post 27 July 5/2 Bakewell..uses his feet well and after cutting Bell hard to the rails he dug out a fine example of the Harrow drive just in front of cover point.
b. colloq. A mishit off-drive by which the ball is deflected off the inside or outside edge of the bat behind the batter in the direction of the slips or long leg, fortunately (for the batter) missing the wicket. Cf. Chinese cut n. at Chinese adj. and n. Compounds 7.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > batting > [noun] > types of stroke
long ball1744
nip1752
catch1816
no-hit1827
cut1833
short hit1833
draw1836
drive1836
square hit1837
skylarker1839
skyer1840
skyscraper1842
back-cut1845
bum1845
leg sweep1846
slog1846
square cut1850
driver1851
Harrow drive1851
leg slip1852
poke1853
snick1857
snorter1859
leg stroke1860
smite1861
on-drive1862
bump ball1864
rocketer1864
pull1865
grass trimmer1867
late cut1867
off-drive1867
spoon1871
push1873
push stroke1873
smack1875
Harrow drive1877
pull-stroke1880
leg glance1883
gallery-hit1884
boundary-stroke1887
glide1888
sweep1888
boundary1896
hook1896
leg glide1896
backstroke1897
flick1897
hook stroke1897
cover-drive1898
straight drive1898
square drive1900
edger1905
pull-drive1905
slash1906
placing stroke1907
push drive1912
block shot1915
if-shot1920
placing shot1921
cow-shot1922
mow1925
Chinese cut1937
haymaker1954
hoick1954
perhapser1954
air shot1956
steepler1959
mishook1961
swish1963
chop-
1877 C. Box Eng. Game Cricket 451 Harrow drive. Some persons define this phrase to mean a fluke in the slips, after an ineffectual attempt to play forward.
1899 Eastern Evening News 17 June MacLaren made the most of his opportunities, driving Howell twice to the on boundary, and then, with a somewhat lucky 4 in the slips, ‘a Harrow drive’, he brought up his score to 80.
1913 Record (Emerald Hill, Victoria) 18 Jan. 3/3 Admiration was occasioned by the capacity of some of the batsmen to keep the ball along the turf, but this feature was blurred by subsequent uppish strokes, mishits, and ‘Harrow’ drives.
1929 Morning Post 13 July 11/2 Rothschild..might be succinctly defined as an Eton stylist, with the addition of the Harrow drive.
1958 Times 22 May 15/4 It was pure pantomime with Chinese cuts and Harrow drives flying off Lobb's bat.
1970 Times 6 Mar. 16/8 His one escape was from a ‘Harrow’ drive, off McKenzie, which narrowly missed his leg stump.
3. Designating the position of the fieldsman placed for a Harrow drive (sense 2a).
ΚΠ
1934 W. J. Lewis Lang. Cricket 121 Harrow drive, the position of the fieldsman for this stroke.
II. elliptical.
4. A Harrow bat; = sense 1.
ΚΠ
1922 D. J. Knight First Steps to Batting i. 13 For a boy of 14 or 15 who has chosen a Harrow 2 lbs. 2½ oz. should be satisfactory.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1976; most recently modified version published online June 2021).
harrowv.1
/ˈharəʊ/, U.S. /ˈhɛroʊ/ 1. figurative.1650 W. Brough Sacred Princ. 422 To plow up thy Heart, and Harrow thy whole man.1654 J. Trapp Comm. Psalms xv. 4 It is evill to sow reports and slanders but worse to harrow them in.† d. back-harrow, bull-harrow: see quots. Obsolete.
a. transitive. To draw a harrow over; to break up, crush, or pulverize with a harrow. So harrow over. harrow in, to cover in (seed, etc.) by harrowing.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > breaking up land > break up land [verb (transitive)] > harrow
harrow1377
to-harrow1393
draga1722
ox-harrow1778
bush1787
bush-harrow1788
brake1800
chip1802
crab-harrow1844
tine1854
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > sowing > sow seed [verb (transitive)] > dig, hoe, or harrow in seed
spitc975
harrow1377
hatch1608
scuffle1805
1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xix. 268 Þise foure..harwed in an handwhile al holy scripture, Wyth two harwes þat þei hadde..Id est, vetus testamentum & nouum. [1393 C. xxii. 272 eythes.]
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 21303 Þe toiþer he saus efter þe sede, þe thrid it harus efter wit spede.
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 228/2 Harwyn, erpico.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 579/2 He that soweth his seedes must harowe the grounde by and by, for els the byrdes wyll eate it awaye.
1611 Bible (King James) Job xxxix. 10 Canst thou binde the Vnicorne with his band in the furrow? or will he harrow the valleyes after thee? View more context for this quotation
1759 J. Mills tr. H. L. Duhamel du Monceau Pract. Treat. Husbandry i. ix. 52 Harrow over your ground, with a heavy wide-tooth'd harrow.
1772 T. Simpson Compl. Vermin-killer 13 When the farmer sows his seed, before he harrows it in.
1834 D. Low Elem. Pract. Agric. (1847) 412 In a fortnight or more after planting, the whole field is to be harrowed.
b. absol.
ΚΠ
1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. vi. 19 Heggen oþer harwen oþer swyn oþer gees dryue.
1565–73 in J. Raine Depositions Courts Durham (1845) 104 Harrawinge and sawinge upon a Sondaye.
1882 ‘Ouida’ In Maremma I. 3 They will..plough, and harrow, and sow.
c. intransitive (for passive). Of land: To suffer harrowing; to turn out under the harrow.
ΚΠ
1841 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 2 ii. 183 It [soil] never failed..to harrow down as mellow as possible.
ΚΠ
1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Harrow corne when it is in grase, called back harrowe, pectino, sarrio.
1780 A. Young Tour Ireland (Dublin ed.) II. 208 Bull harrow it, that is with harrows without teeth.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement over, across, through, or past > [verb (transitive)] > through > sharply
cleave1558
cuta1571
harrow1582
divide1590
1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis i. 14 His launce staffe thee dust top turuye doth harrow.
1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis iii. 50 The sea by our mariners with the oars cleene canted is harrowd.
3. † b. To tear up. Obsolete.
a. To tear, lacerate, wound (physically).
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > injure [verb (transitive)] > wound > lacerate
teara1000
lacerate?a1425
manglea1500
entertear1603
harrow1633
1633 T. Adams Comm. 2 Peter (i. 16) 304 The thornes harrowing his sacred head.
1735 W. Somervile Chace ii. 119 Th' impatient Rider..With galling Spurs harrows his mangled Sides.
1834 S. Henley tr. W. Beckford Vathek (new ed.) 67 Harrowing his cheeks with a few scratches.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > tearing or tearing apart > tear [verb (transitive)] > tear apart
to-loukc890
to-braidc893
to-tearc893
to-teec893
to-rendc950
to-breakc1200
to-tugc1220
to-lima1225
rivea1250
to-drawa1250
to-tosea1250
drawa1300
rendc1300
to-rit13..
to-rivec1300
to-tusec1300
rakea1325
renta1325
to-pullc1330
to-tightc1330
tirec1374
halea1398
lacerate?a1425
to-renta1425
yryve1426
raga1450
to pull to (or in) piecesc1450
ravec1450
discerp1483
pluck1526
rip1530
decerp1531
rift1534
dilaniate1535
rochec1540
rack1549
teasea1550
berend1577
distract1585
ream1587
distrain1590
unrive1592
unseam1592
outrive1598
divulse1602
dilacerate1604
harrow1604
tatter1608
mammocka1616
uprentc1620
divell1628
divellicate1638
seam-rend1647
proscind1659
skail1768
screeda1785
spret1832
to tear to shreds1837
ribbon1897
1604 A. Scoloker Daiphantus sig. E4v Ile haue reuenge, or harrow vp my will.
4. † b. To vex, disturb. Obsolete.
a. To lacerate or wound the feelings of; to vex, pain, or distress greatly. (Rarely with up.)
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > fear > be afraid of [verb (transitive)] > (of fear) harrow
harrow1603
the mind > emotion > suffering > mental anguish or torment > cause of mental anguish or torment > cause anguish to or torment [verb (transitive)]
quelmeOE
eatc1000
martyrOE
fretc1175
woundc1175
to-fret?c1225
gnawc1230
to-traya1250
torment1297
renda1333
anguish1340
grindc1350
wringc1374
debreakc1384
ofpinec1390
rivea1400
urn1488
reboil1528
whip1530
cruciate1532
pinch1548
spur-galla1555
agonize1570
rack1576
cut1582
excruciate1590
scorchc1595
discruciate1596
butcher1597
split1597
torture1598
lacerate1600
harrow1603
hell1614
to eat upa1616
arrow1628
martyrize1652
percruciate1656
tear1666
crucify1702
flay1782
wrench1798
kill1800
to cut up1843
1603 W. Shakespeare Hamlet i. v. 16 I would a tale vnfold, whose lightest word Would harrow vp thy soule.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Hamlet (1623) i. i. 42 It harrowes [1603 horrors, 1604 horrowes] me with fear & wonder.
c1630 R. Sanderson Serm. II. 305 Our thoughts are so pulled and harrowed this way and that way.
1637 J. Milton Comus 20 Amaz'd I stood, harrow'd with griefe and feare.
1735 W. Somervile Chace iv. 485 Th' ambitious Wretch, whose discontented Soul Is harrow'd Day and Night.
1816 M. Keating Trav. (1817) I. 152 Dreadful stories, whereby the minds of good people..are harrowed up.
1865 C. Merivale Hist. Romans under Empire (new ed.) VIII. lxviii. 337 His gentle nature was harrowed by the misery around him.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being upset or perturbed > upset or perturb [verb (transitive)]
to-wendc893
mingeOE
dreveOE
angerc1175
sturb?c1225
worec1225
troublec1230
sturble1303
disturbc1305
movea1325
disturblec1330
drubblea1340
drovec1350
distroublec1369
tempestc1374
outsturba1382
unresta1382
stroublec1384
unquietc1384
conturb1393
mismaya1400
unquemea1400
uneasec1400
discomfita1425
smite?a1425
perturbc1425
pertrouble?1435
inquiet1486
toss1526
alter1529
disquiet1530
turmoil1530
perturbate1533
broil1548
mis-set?1553
shake1567
parbruilyiec1586
agitate1587
roil1590
transpose1594
discompose1603
harrow1609
hurry1611
obturb1623
shog1636
untune1638
alarm1649
disorder1655
begruntlea1670
pother1692
disconcert1695
ruffle1701
tempestuate1702
rough1777
caddle1781
to put out1796
upset1805
discomfort1806
start1821
faze1830
bother1832
to put aback1833
to put about1843
raft1844
queer1845
rattle1865
to turn over1865
untranquillize1874
hack1881
rock1881
to shake up1884
to put off1909
to go (also pass) through a phase1913
to weird out1970
1609 P. Holland tr. Ammianus Marcellinus Rom. Hist. xxi. x. 177 He [Julian] harrowed the memoriall [L. memoriam vexavit] of Constantine, as one that had beene a deviser of innovation.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > [verb (transitive)] > breed horses > castrate
to twist a horse1728
harrow1753
twitch1798
1753 Trial J. Stewart 139 He wants to harrow him [a horse] this spring.
1753 Trial J. Stewart 179 At the harrowing.
Derivatives
ˈharrowed adj.
ΚΠ
1788 A. Falconbridge Acct. Slave Trade 41 The harrowed parts of the back of the unoffending seaman.
1847 B. Disraeli Tancred I. ii. xvi. 332 ‘I cannot leave her,’ thought the harrowed Tancred.
ˈharrowing n.
ΚΠ
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. viii As moche plowynge and harowynge.
1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Harrowed after the maner of backe harrowynge, pectitus.
1785 G. Washington Writings (1891) XII. 225 After three ploughings and three harrowings, sowed millet.
1888 Athenæum 11 Aug. 189/3 The inevitable harrowing of the reader's feelings.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
harrowv.2
/ˈharəʊ/, U.S. /ˈhɛroʊ/ transitive. To harry, rob, spoil.
a. Used especially in the phrase to harrow hell, said of Christ.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (transitive)] > devastate or lay waste (a place, etc.)
harryc893
fordoc900
awesteeOE
westeeOE
losec950
harrowc1000
destroyc1230
wastec1275
ravishc1325
to lie waste1338
exilea1382
to-wastea1382
unronea1400
desolatea1425
vast1434
fruster?a1513
to lay waste1535
wipe1535
devast1537
depopulate1548
populate1552
forwaste1563
ruinate1564
havoc1575
scourge1576
dispopulate1588
destitute1593
ravage1602
harassa1618
devastate1638
execute1679
to make stroy of1682
to lay in ashes1711
untown1783
hell-rake1830
uncity1850
the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > robbery > sacking, raiding, or looting > sack, raid, or loot [verb (transitive)]
reaveOE
harrowc1000
ravishc1325
spoil1382
forayc1400
forage1417
riflea1425
distrussc1430
riotc1440
detruss1475
sacka1547
havoc1575
sackage1585
pillagea1593
ravage1602
yravish1609
boot-hale1610
booty-hale1610
plunder1632
forage1642
rape1673
prig1819
loot1845
raid1875
society > faith > aspects of faith > Bible, Scripture > biblical events > [verb (intransitive)] > harrow hell
to harrow hellc1000
c1000 Ælfric Homilies I. 228 Hell oncneow Crist, ðaða heo forlet hyre hæftlingas ut, þurh ðæs Hælendes hergunge.
a1225 St. Marher 10 Þu herehedest helle.
a1300 Cursor Mundi 26026 Of hell it harus þe hard prisun.
13.. Sir Beues (MS. A.) 4469 Be him, þat herwede helle.
c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Miller's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 326 By hym that harwed [v.rr. hariede, haried, harowed] helle.
c1500 How Plowman lerned Pater Noster 39 in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. (1864) I. 211 I byleve in Jhesu Cryste, Whiche suffred dethe and harowed hell.
1589 ‘M. Marprelate’ Hay any Worke for Cooper 39 Let him tell what our Sauiour Christ should do, if he did not harrow Hell.
1624 R. Montagu Gagg for New Gospell? xxix. 218 This was before Christ harrowed hell.
1625 J. Ussher Answer to Jesuite 374 Christ spoiled, or (as they were wont to speake) harrowed Hell.
1851 J. M. Neale Mediæval Hymns 116 Christ hath harrowed hell.
b. In the general sense of harry v.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > attack > invasion > invade [verb (transitive)] > overrun or harry
begoa855
harryc893
war1297
overridea1375
yerna1400
overrun?a1425
overharry1600
harrow1606
harassa1618
sweep1788
jay-hawk1866
1606 J. Clapham Hist. Great Britannie i. iii. xvi. 142 These Picts..did oft-times harrow the borders.
1643 W. Prynne Soveraigne Power Parl. i. 112 The County of Glocester, (which they have pitifully harrowed and spoiled).
1782 W. Jones Speech Reform. Parl. in Wks. (1799) VI. 719 They racked and harrowed the people.
1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles v. xv. 194 Long harrow'd by oppressor's hand.
Derivatives
ˈharrowed adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the supernatural > deity > hell > [adjective] > harrowed
harrowed1586
1586 W. Warner Albions Eng. i. vi. 20 And then in harrowed Hell (Pyrithous buried) he, nor she, nor Theseus longer dwell.
ˈharrowing n. (Old English hergung) spoiling (of hell), also in general sense, plundering, sacking (of a country).
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > [noun] > devastation or desolation
harryingc900
harrowingc1000
wastinga1300
destructionc1330
harryc1330
wastenessa1382
wastitya1382
desolation1382
unroningnessa1400
wrackc1407
exile1436
havoc1480
hership1487
vastation1545
vastitude1545
sackc1550
population1552
waste1560
ravishment1570
riotingc1580
pull-down1588
desolating1591
degast1592
devastation1603
ravage1611
wracking1611
ravagement1766
herriment1787
carnage1848
wastage1909
enhavocking-
the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > robbery > sacking, raiding, or looting > [noun]
harryingc900
harrowingc1000
skeckinga1387
pillagea1393
skickinga1400
forayingc1400
hership1487
direption1528
sackc1550
sacking1560
sackage1577
saccaging1585
picory1591
reprisalc1595
boot-haling1598
booty-haling1611
rapture?1611
ravage1611
prize-taking1633
plunder1643
booting1651
hen roost1762
ravagement1766
raiding1785
loot1839
looting1842
society > faith > aspects of faith > Bible, Scripture > biblical events > [noun] > descent into hell > harrowing of hell
harrowingc1000
c1000 [see sense a].
a1450 Chester Pl. xvii. (Harl. 2013) See that you doe well, In pagente sett out the harrowinge of helle.
1599 E. Sandys Europæ Speculum (1632) 184 The harrowing and desolating of the Countrey.
1654 A. Cokayne tr. G. F. Loredano Dianea iii. 234 He came to the harrowing of our Island.
1859 H. Wedgwood Dict. Eng. Etymol. at Harry The harrowing of hell was the triumphant expedition of Christ after his crucifixion, when he brought away the souls of the righteous who had..been held captive in hell since the beginning of the world.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
† harrowharoint.
/ˈharəʊ/, U.S. /ˈhɛroʊ/ Obsolete.
1. A cry of distress or alarm; a call for succour. to cry harrow (on any one): to denounce (a person's) doings. Obsolete since c1600. (Modern instances are either after Middle English, or from modern French.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > cry or shout (loudness) > [noun] > call > call for succour
harrow1340
the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > cry or shout (loudness) > cry or shout [interjection] > specific shout
heya1225
hoy1393
harrowa1500
hollo1589
wahahowec1604
halloo1671
hulloo?1706
holloa1769
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 31 Hauanne þe man..nele arere þet heued to gode be zorȝe ne grede harou be ssrifte.
a1400 Seuyn Sages (W.) 480 Sche..gradde ‘Harow!’ with gret rage.
c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Reeve's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 152 Iohn..gan to crye harrow and weilaway Oure hors is lost.
c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Miller's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 100 Lat be Nicholas Or I wol crye, out harrow and allas.
1413 Pilgr. Sowle (1859) i. vii. 6 Lete us cryen a rowe and oute upon them all!
1481 W. Caxton tr. Hist. Reynard Fox (1970) 63 I crye out harowe on them that so falsely haue belyed me.
a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xxx. 405 Oute haro, out, out! Harkyn to this horne.
a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xvi. 199 Veniance for thi blod thus spent: ‘Out!’ I cry, and ‘horow!’
1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid xii. x. 126 Thai rent thar hair, with harrow, and allaik.
1525 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles II. clxxxviii. [clxxxiv.] 574 Out, harowe, what myschife is this.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 501/2 My mother was afrayde there had ben theves in her house, and she kryed out haroll alarome.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. viii. sig. V Horrow [Faults Escaped: ‘harrow’] and well away, After so wicked deede why liu'st thou lenger day?
a1643 W. Cartwright Ordinary iii. i, in W. C. Hazlitt Dodsley's Sel. Coll. Old Eng. Plays (1875) XII. 253 Harrow, alas! I swelt here as I go.
1863 G. A. Sala Strange Adventures Capt. Dangerous II. iv. 133 You may cry Haro upon me for a Cynic.
1894 F. S. Ellis Reynard the Fox 208 Harowe! I cry on that vile crew.]
2. In Law of Normandy and Channel Isles, in form haro!: see quots.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > legal seizure or recovery of property > [interjection] > cry raised against encroacher on property
harrow?c1682
?c1682 J. Warburton Treat. Hist. Guernsey (1822) 100 Clameur de Haro, is thus practised. When any man finds another entering upon his possessions..crying out three times haro, he in the king's name discharges any workmen..from proceeding or any person from employing them or others..afterwards he commences his action in the court. If he neglect so to do, then the person against whom the haro was cried, may..bring his action against him who cried haro.
1862 D. T. Ansted & R. G. Latham Channel Islands iv. xxiii. 539 Encroachments on property are sometimes met by a very peculiar exclamatory appeal, called ‘Ha! Ro!’ repeated thrice. It is considered to be the remains of an old appeal to Rollo, Duke of Normandy, and is followed by action.
3. as n. The calling of harrow!; outcry.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > cry or shout (loudness) > [noun] > outcry or clamour
reamOE
ropeOE
brack?c1200
utas1202
hootinga1225
berec1225
noise?c1225
ludea1275
cryc1275
gredingc1275
boastc1300
utasa1325
huec1330
outcrya1382
exclamation1382
ascry1393
spraya1400
clamourc1405
shoutingc1405
scry1419
rumourc1425
motion?a1439
bemec1440
harrowc1440
shout1487
songa1500
brunt1523
ditec1540
uproar1544
clamouring1548
outrage1548
hubbub1555
racket1565
succlamation1566
rear1567
outcrying1569
bellowing1579
brawl1581
hue and cry1584
exclaiming1585
exclaim1587
sanctus1594
hubbaboo1596
oyez1597
conclamation1627
sputter1673
rout1684
dirduma1693
hallalloo1737
yelloching1773
pillaloo1785
whillaloo1790
vocitation1819
blue murder1828
blaring1837
shilloo1842
shillooing1845
pillalooing1847
shriek1929
yammering1937
c1440 York Myst. xxxi. 84 Þanne gete we some harrowe full hastely at hande.
1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) I. 124 Thair wes no thing bot harrok, how and cry.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
<
n.1a1350
n.21528
n.31851v.11377v.2c1000
int.1340- glass-snail
- glass-snake
- glass-soap
- glass-soldering
- glass-spinning
- glass-sponge
- glass-stainer
- glass-staining
- glass-stone
- glass-tinner
- glass-topped
- glass-walled
- glass-ware
- glass-wave
- glass-weed
- glass-windowed
- glass-wing
- glass-work
- glass-worker
- glass-worm
- glass-wright
- glassannealing
- glassartist
- glassball
- glassband