hartn.

Brit.

/hɑːt/, U.S.

/hɑrt/

Forms: Old English heorut, heorot, Old English–Middle English heort, Middle English–1500s hert, Middle English–1500s herte, Middle English–1500s harte, Middle English– hart.

Etymology: Middle English hert, Old English heort, heorot = Old Low German hirot (Middle Dutch, Dutch hert, Low German hart), Old High German hiruȥ, hirȥ (Middle High German hirȥ, German hirsch, from earlier hirsz), Old Norse hjǫrtr (Swedish, Danish hiort) < Old Germanic *herut-, perhaps < *herwut-, *herwot-, with dental formative -t, appended to a stem cognate with Latin ceruos; perhaps related to Greek κερατ- horn, as if = ‘the horned’.

a. The male of the deer, esp. of the red deer; a stag; spec. a male deer after its fifth year.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > male > [noun]

hartc825

doe-buck?a1500

olen1591

stag1680

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > types of deer > [noun] > genus Cervus > Cervus elaphus (red deer) > male

hartc825

stag?c1185

c825 Vesp. Psalter xli[i], 2[1] Swe swe heorut gewillað to waellum wetra.

c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. xxxv. §6 Nan heort ne onscunode nænne leon.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 13357 Swa hund þene heort driueð.

1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (1724) 376 Wo so..slou hert oþer hynde.

c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women Dido. 1121 Ne hound for hert or wilde bor or der.

1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) v. xxv. 134 As it faryth in horses, camelles, and hartes.

a1530 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfeccyon (1531) iii. f. CCxxvi As the hart renneth to the water.

1602 2nd Pt. Returne fr. Parnassus ii. v. 889 Your Hart is..the fourth yeare a Stagge, the fift yeare a great Stag, the sixt yeare a Hart.

1611 Bible (King James) Psalms xlii. 1 As the Hart panteth after the water brookes.

1736 Compl. Family-piece ii. i. 209 To find out the Harbour or Layer of a Hart.

1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles iv. ii. 129 See him dart O'er stock and stone like hunted hart.

†b. hart of grease, a fat hart (see grease n. 1b). hart of ten, a hart with ten branches on his horns. hart royal, a hart that has been chased by a royal personage.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > male > [noun] > fat

hart of greasec1380

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > male > [noun] > that has been hunted by royalty

hart royal1598

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > male > [noun] > body and parts > antler > branch > stag with horns having specific number branches

hart of ten1598

deer of ten1632

eleven-pointer1803

royal1848

pointer1883

ten-pointer1883

c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 1750 Gyrfacouns y-muwed & white stedes & hertes of gresse y wene.

a1440 Sir Degrev. 249 Hys proud hertes of grese Bereth no chartur of pes.

c1550 Adam Bell in Furnivall Percy Folio (1868) III. 421 Eche of them slew a hart of greece The best they could there see.

1598 J. Manwood Treat. Lawes Forrest f. 24^v If the King or Queene doe hunt or chase him, and he escape away aliue, then..he is called a Hart Royall.

1598 J. Manwood Treat. Lawes Forrest iv. §6. f. 28 When a Hart is past his sixt yeere, he is generally to be called a Hart of Tenn.

a1637 B. Jonson Sad Shepherd i. vi. 29 in Wks. (1640) III Sca... A great, large Deere! Rob. What head? John. Forked! A Hart of ten .

1674 N. Cox Gentleman's Recreation i. 6 If King or Queen shall hunt or chase him, and he escape with life, he shall..be called a Hart Royall.

1822 W. Scott Fortunes of Nigel III. iii. 74 There is a pleasure in looking at a hart of grease.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

hart-skin n.

ΚΠ

1483 Cath. Angl. 177/1 An Hartskyn..nembris.

1617 J. Harington tr. H. Ronsovius Preserv. Health xi. 36 in Englishmans Doctor (rev. ed.) In the Summer-time I chiefly commend garments of Harts-skinnes, and Calues-skins.

C2.

Categories »

hart-berry n. (a local name of) the bilberry.

† hart-bramble n. Obsolete buckthorn.

ΚΠ

c1000 Sax. Leechd. II. 332 Cnua þonne heorot brembel leaf.

† hart-evil n. Obsolete (see quot. 1727).

ΚΠ

1727 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. II Hart Evil (with Farriers), the Stag-evil, a Rheum or Defluxion, that falls upon the Jaws and other Parts..of a Horse, which hinders him from eating.

† hart-fly n. Obsolete an insect; (perhaps) the stag-beetle.

ΚΠ

1610 J. Guillim Display of Heraldrie iii. xvii. 152 As the Hartfly, Beetle, Ladi-cow, &c.

† hart-horse n. Obsolete [tr. Greek ἱππέλαϕος] ‘lit. the horse-deer, perhaps the rusa, Cervus Aristotelis’ (Liddell & Scott).

† hart-hound n. Obsolete a stag-hound.

ΚΠ

1550 J. Coke Deb. Heraldes Eng. & Fraunce sig. Aviij Greyhoundes harte houndes, bucke houndes, and begles.

† hart-root n. (also hart's-root) Obsolete (see quots.).

ΚΠ

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Libanot, Hearbe Frankincense..Hart-root.

1617 J. Minsheu Ἡγεμὼν είς τὰς γλῶσσας: Ductor in Linguas Harts-roote, i. radix cordialis: namque, radix hujus herbæ confortat et corroborat cor suaui et aromatico odore suo.

1677 A. Littleton Eng.–Lat. Dict. in Dictionarium Latino-Barbarum Harts-root, libanotis [= rosemary].

1823 G. Crabb Universal Technol. Dict. Hart-Root, the Athamanta of Linnæus.

hart's-balls n. = hart's-truffle n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > mushrooms or edible fungi > truffle or underground fungus

truffle1591

truff1633

earthnutc1660

trub1668

swine-bread1677

tuber1704

deer-ball1854

earth-ball1863

hart's-balls1866

hart's-truffle1866

Perigord truffle1869

oak-truffle1874

1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. Hart'sballs, Elaphomyces.

hart's black n. (see quot. 1860-4).

ΚΠ

1860–4 Dict. Archit. (Archit. Publ. Soc.) Hart's Black, that substance remaining..after the spirits, volatile salt and oil, have been extracted from hartshorn..when..levigated it answers the purpose of painters nearly as well as ivory black.

† hart's-crest n. Obsolete the imaginary horns on the forehead of a cuckold.

ΚΠ

1600 J. Lane Tom Tel-Troths Message 44 The married men might..shunne the Harts crest to their hearts content, With cornucopia, Cornewall, and the horne.

† hart's-eye n. Obsolete a plant (see quot. 1607).

ΚΠ

1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 126 Elaphoscum: (that is, as some call it Harts eye, others Hart-thorne, or grace of God, others wilde Ditany).

† hart's-head n. Obsolete (see quot. 1686).

ΚΠ

1686 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Staffs. i. 26 [Clouds] in the form of the letter V, jagg'd on each side..called by the water-men the Harts-head.

hart's nut n. = hart's-truffle n.

ΚΠ

1888 Encycl. Brit. XXIII. 592/1 The truffle Elaphomyces variegatus was till quite recent times used, under the name of Hart's nut or Lycoperdon nut, on account of its supposed aphrodisiac qualities.

† hart's-trefoil n. Obsolete melilot; = hart-clover n.

ΚΠ

1640 J. Parkinson Theatrum Botanicum Table 1739 Harts Trefoile is Mellilot.

hart's-truffle n. a kind of underground fungus (Elaphomyces).

ΘΚΠ

truffle1591

truff1633

earthnutc1660

trub1668

swine-bread1677

tuber1704

deer-ball1854

earth-ball1863

hart's-balls1866

hart's-truffle1866

Perigord truffle1869

oak-truffle1874

1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. I. 389 Deer balls, a synonym of Hart's Truffles..Elaphomyces.

† hart-thorn n. [translating Latin spina cervina] Obsolete buckthorn, Rhamnus catharticus.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > thorny berry-bush > [noun] > buckthorn or rhamnus bushes and parts

rhamna1425

rhamnus1562

buckthorn1578

hart-thorn1607

purging buckthorn1706

shittim1878

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > medicinal trees or shrubs > [noun] > buckthorn bush or berry

rhamna1425

rhamnus1562

buckthorn1578

Rhine berry1578

hart-thorn1607

purging thorn1653

purging buckthorn1706

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > plants used in dyeing > trees or shrubs yielding dyes > [noun] > buckthorn bush or berry

rhamna1425

rhamnus1562

buckthorn1578

hart-thorn1607

purging buckthorn1706

1607Hart-thorne [see hart's-eye n.].

1611 J. Florio Queen Anna's New World of Words Spina ceruina, the wilde Harthorne.

† hart-wolf n. Obsolete a fabulous animal, a hybrid between a deer and a wolf.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > hybrid creature or monster > [noun] > types of

hart-wolf1555

equicerve1572

hippopotamus1572

lyciske1572

semitaur1592

lycopanther1607

tityrus1610

jumart1690

lizard-bird1862

plumed serpent1862

baku1881

ophiosaurian1882

Dong1927

merlionc1973

1555 R. Eden tr. P. Giovio Libellus de legatione Basilii in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 283 Harte woolfes, beinge engendered eyther of a woolfe and a hynde, or a harte and a bytch woolfe.

1660 F. Brooke tr. V. Le Blanc World Surveyed 166 They have..Hart-Wolves brought up to hunt their own kinde.

Derivatives

hart-like adj.

ΚΠ

1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. ii. i. 370 With Hart-like legs.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	hart
释义	hartn. Brit. /hɑːt/, U.S. /hɑrt/ Forms: Old English heorut, heorot, Old English–Middle English heort, Middle English–1500s hert, Middle English–1500s herte, Middle English–1500s harte, Middle English– hart. Etymology: Middle English hert, Old English heort, heorot = Old Low German hirot (Middle Dutch, Dutch hert, Low German hart), Old High German hiruȥ, hirȥ (Middle High German hirȥ, German hirsch, from earlier hirsz), Old Norse hjǫrtr (Swedish, Danish hiort) < Old Germanic herut-, perhaps < herwut-, herwot-, with dental formative -t, appended to a stem cognate with Latin ceruos; perhaps related to Greek κερατ-* horn, as if = ‘the horned’. a. The male of the deer, esp. of the red deer; a stag; spec. a male deer after its fifth year. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > male > [noun] hartc825 doe-buck?a1500 olen1591 stag1680 the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > types of deer > [noun] > genus Cervus > Cervus elaphus (red deer) > male hartc825 stag?c1185 c825 Vesp. Psalter xli[i], 2[1] Swe swe heorut gewillað to waellum wetra. c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. xxxv. §6 Nan heort ne onscunode nænne leon. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 13357 Swa hund þene heort driueð. 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (1724) 376 Wo so..slou hert oþer hynde. c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women Dido. 1121 Ne hound for hert or wilde bor or der. 1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) v. xxv. 134 As it faryth in horses, camelles, and hartes. a1530 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfeccyon (1531) iii. f. CCxxvi As the hart renneth to the water. 1602 2nd Pt. Returne fr. Parnassus ii. v. 889 Your Hart is..the fourth yeare a Stagge, the fift yeare a great Stag, the sixt yeare a Hart. 1611 Bible (King James) Psalms xlii. 1 As the Hart panteth after the water brookes. View more context for this quotation 1736 Compl. Family-piece ii. i. 209 To find out the Harbour or Layer of a Hart. 1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles iv. ii. 129 See him dart O'er stock and stone like hunted hart. †b. hart of grease, a fat hart (see grease n. 1b). hart of ten, a hart with ten branches on his horns. hart royal, a hart that has been chased by a royal personage. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > male > [noun] > fat hart of greasec1380 the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > male > [noun] > that has been hunted by royalty hart royal1598 the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > male > [noun] > body and parts > antler > branch > stag with horns having specific number branches hart of ten1598 deer of ten1632 eleven-pointer1803 royal1848 pointer1883 ten-pointer1883 c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 1750 Gyrfacouns y-muwed & white stedes & hertes of gresse y wene. a1440 Sir Degrev. 249 Hys proud hertes of grese Bereth no chartur of pes. c1550 Adam Bell in Furnivall Percy Folio (1868) III. 421 Eche of them slew a hart of greece The best they could there see. 1598 J. Manwood Treat. Lawes Forrest f. 24^v If the King or Queene doe hunt or chase him, and he escape away aliue, then..he is called a Hart Royall. 1598 J. Manwood Treat. Lawes Forrest iv. §6. f. 28 When a Hart is past his sixt yeere, he is generally to be called a Hart of Tenn. a1637 B. Jonson Sad Shepherd i. vi. 29 in Wks. (1640) III Sca... A great, large Deere! Rob. What head? John. Forked! A Hart of ten . View more context for this quotation 1674 N. Cox Gentleman's Recreation i. 6 If King or Queen shall hunt or chase him, and he escape with life, he shall..be called a Hart Royall. 1822 W. Scott Fortunes of Nigel III. iii. 74 There is a pleasure in looking at a hart of grease. Compounds C1. General attributive. hart-skin n. ΚΠ 1483 Cath. Angl. 177/1 An Hartskyn..nembris. 1617 J. Harington tr. H. Ronsovius Preserv. Health xi. 36 in Englishmans Doctor (rev. ed.) In the Summer-time I chiefly commend garments of Harts-skinnes, and Calues-skins. C2. Categories » hart-berry n. (a local name of) the bilberry. † hart-bramble n. Obsolete buckthorn. ΚΠ c1000 Sax. Leechd. II. 332 Cnua þonne heorot brembel leaf. † hart-evil n. Obsolete (see quot. 1727). ΚΠ 1727 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. II Hart Evil (with Farriers), the Stag-evil, a Rheum or Defluxion, that falls upon the Jaws and other Parts..of a Horse, which hinders him from eating. † hart-fly n. Obsolete an insect; (perhaps) the stag-beetle. ΚΠ 1610 J. Guillim Display of Heraldrie iii. xvii. 152 As the Hartfly, Beetle, Ladi-cow, &c. † hart-horse n. Obsolete [tr. Greek ἱππέλαϕος] ‘lit. the horse-deer, perhaps the rusa, Cervus Aristotelis’ (Liddell & Scott). † hart-hound n. Obsolete a stag-hound. ΚΠ 1550 J. Coke Deb. Heraldes Eng. & Fraunce sig. Aviij Greyhoundes harte houndes, bucke houndes, and begles. † hart-root n. (also hart's-root) Obsolete (see quots.). ΚΠ 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Libanot, Hearbe Frankincense..Hart-root. 1617 J. Minsheu Ἡγεμὼν είς τὰς γλῶσσας: Ductor in Linguas Harts-roote, i. radix cordialis: namque, radix hujus herbæ confortat et corroborat cor suaui et aromatico odore suo. 1677 A. Littleton Eng.–Lat. Dict. in Dictionarium Latino-Barbarum Harts-root, libanotis [= rosemary]. 1823 G. Crabb Universal Technol. Dict. Hart-Root, the Athamanta of Linnæus. hart's-balls n. = hart's-truffle n. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > mushrooms or edible fungi > truffle or underground fungus truffle1591 truff1633 earthnutc1660 trub1668 swine-bread1677 tuber1704 deer-ball1854 earth-ball1863 hart's-balls1866 hart's-truffle1866 Perigord truffle1869 oak-truffle1874 1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. Hart'sballs, Elaphomyces. hart's black n. (see quot. 1860-4). ΚΠ 1860–4 Dict. Archit. (Archit. Publ. Soc.) Hart's Black, that substance remaining..after the spirits, volatile salt and oil, have been extracted from hartshorn..when..levigated it answers the purpose of painters nearly as well as ivory black. † hart's-crest n. Obsolete the imaginary horns on the forehead of a cuckold. ΚΠ 1600 J. Lane Tom Tel-Troths Message 44 The married men might..shunne the Harts crest to their hearts content, With cornucopia, Cornewall, and the horne. † hart's-eye n. Obsolete a plant (see quot. 1607). ΚΠ 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 126 Elaphoscum: (that is, as some call it Harts eye, others Hart-thorne, or grace of God, others wilde Ditany). † hart's-head n. Obsolete (see quot. 1686). ΚΠ 1686 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Staffs. i. 26 [Clouds] in the form of the letter V, jagg'd on each side..called by the water-men the Harts-head. hart's nut n. = hart's-truffle n. ΚΠ 1888 Encycl. Brit. XXIII. 592/1 The truffle Elaphomyces variegatus was till quite recent times used, under the name of Hart's nut or Lycoperdon nut, on account of its supposed aphrodisiac qualities. † hart's-trefoil n. Obsolete melilot; = hart-clover n. ΚΠ 1640 J. Parkinson Theatrum Botanicum Table 1739 Harts Trefoile is Mellilot. hart's-truffle n. a kind of underground fungus (Elaphomyces). ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > mushrooms or edible fungi > truffle or underground fungus truffle1591 truff1633 earthnutc1660 trub1668 swine-bread1677 tuber1704 deer-ball1854 earth-ball1863 hart's-balls1866 hart's-truffle1866 Perigord truffle1869 oak-truffle1874 1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. I. 389 Deer balls, a synonym of Hart's Truffles..Elaphomyces. † hart-thorn n. [translating Latin spina cervina] Obsolete buckthorn, Rhamnus catharticus. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > thorny berry-bush > [noun] > buckthorn or rhamnus bushes and parts rhamna1425 rhamnus1562 buckthorn1578 hart-thorn1607 purging buckthorn1706 shittim1878 the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > medicinal trees or shrubs > [noun] > buckthorn bush or berry rhamna1425 rhamnus1562 buckthorn1578 Rhine berry1578 hart-thorn1607 purging thorn1653 purging buckthorn1706 the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > plants used in dyeing > trees or shrubs yielding dyes > [noun] > buckthorn bush or berry rhamna1425 rhamnus1562 buckthorn1578 hart-thorn1607 purging buckthorn1706 1607Hart-thorne [see hart's-eye n.]. 1611 J. Florio Queen Anna's New World of Words Spina ceruina, the wilde Harthorne. † hart-wolf n. Obsolete a fabulous animal, a hybrid between a deer and a wolf. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > hybrid creature or monster > [noun] > types of hart-wolf1555 equicerve1572 hippopotamus1572 lyciske1572 semitaur1592 lycopanther1607 tityrus1610 jumart1690 lizard-bird1862 plumed serpent1862 baku1881 ophiosaurian1882 Dong1927 merlionc1973 1555 R. Eden tr. P. Giovio Libellus de legatione Basilii in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 283 Harte woolfes, beinge engendered eyther of a woolfe and a hynde, or a harte and a bytch woolfe. 1660 F. Brooke tr. V. Le Blanc World Surveyed 166 They have..Hart-Wolves brought up to hunt their own kinde. Derivatives hart-like adj. ΚΠ 1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. ii. i. 370 With Hart-like legs. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c825
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