单词 | aver |
释义 | avern. Obsolete exc. dialect. 1. a. collective singular. Possession, property, estate, wealth; money. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > wealth > wealth or riches > [noun] wealc888 ednessa1200 richessea1200 richdomc1225 richesses?c1225 wealtha1275 richesc1275 winc1275 warison1297 wonea1300 merchandisec1300 aver1330 richesc1330 substancea1382 abundancec1384 suffisance1390 talenta1400 pelf?a1505 opulence?1518 wealthsa1533 money bag1562 capital1569 opulency1584 affluency1591 affluence1593 exuberance1675 nabobism1784 money1848 α. β. c1400 Rom. Rose 4723 Havoire withoute possessioun.c1410 N. Love tr. Bonaventura Mirror Life Christ (Gibbs MS.) xxiv. 53 All worldly ryches as in Aver [1530 W. de Worde, hauoyr].1483 Act 1 Rich. III iv. §1 Persones of noo substaunce ne havur.a1500 (?c1450) Merlin 357 All the grete auoir that thei hadde conquered.a1535 T. More Dialoge of Comfort (1553) iii. ix. sig. O.vv A man of some haueour & substaunce.1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxxv. xxii. 900 Of any havoir, worth and worship.1330 R. Mannyng Chron. 124 In suilk felonie gadred grete auere. c1340 R. Rolle Prose Treat. 24 Muchelle haver of worldely goodis. 1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. vii. 32 Þat men wende ich were, as in aueyr, riche. 1496 (c1410) Dives & Pauper (de Worde) vii. iv. 279/2 Unryghtfull occupyenge of ony..auer in this worlde, is called theeft. a1500 (?c1450) Merlin 167 Thei boughten londes and rentes..with the auer that was departed. ?1558 Sir Lambervell 150 in Furniv. Percy Folio I. 149 I am a knight without hawere. b. plural. Possessions, goods, riches. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > possessions > [noun] goodeOE auchtOE havingc1350 facultya1382 substancea1382 propertya1393 haviourc1400 suffisantee1436 aversc1440 propriety1442 livinga1450 goodess1523 gear1535 prog1727 c1440 Partonope 775 Gold and ryche averys. a1500 (?c1450) Merlin 106 As sone as he hadde the grete auers. 2. plural. Farm-stock, cattle, domestic animals of any kind, beasts.Common in Anglo-Norman and Anglo-Latin; though no vernacular instances have been found, the next sense must have arisen out of it. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > domestic animal > [noun] > livestock feec900 auchtOE orfOE avers1292 storea1300 bestialc1350 cattlea1400 ware1422 quickc1450 goods1472 stock?1523 chattel1627 live goods1635 team1655 creature1662 livestocka1687 living stock1690 farming stock1749 farm animal1805 fat-stock1881 1292 Britton ii. xxiii. §6 Cum il deit aver pasture a totes maneres des avers, et ne ly soit mie suffert for qe a une manere de avers. (i.e. When he ought to have pasturage for all kinds of avers (beasts), and he is allowed to have it only for one manner of avers.) ?a1300 Reg. Majest. iv. xxvii Averia, id est, animalia muta (transl., Avers, that is, dumb-animals). a1481 T. Littleton Tenures (1482) i. sig. aviv Si ieo baille a vn home mez berbetez a composter sa terre ou mez boefes a arere sa terre sil occist mez auers. [c1574 transl., If I lend to one my Sheepe to tathe his Land, or my Oxen to plow the Land, and he killeth my Cattell.]] 3. singular. A beast of burden, a draught ox or horse; hence, spec. a horse used for heavy work, a cart-horse; and in later usage, in northern dialect, an old or worthless horse. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > domestic animal > [noun] > work animals > beast of burden widgeeOE beastc1300 jument1382 aver?a1513 sumpter1526 sumpture1567 beast of carriage1586 beast of burden1740 sumpter1821 pack animal1846 shavetail1846 baggage-animal1852 baggager1859 pack1866 packer1875 the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > horse defined by purpose used for > [noun] > draught-horse aver?a1513 roil1587 dobbin1600 haulster1882 drafter1906 the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > bos taurus or ox > [noun] > working aver?a1513 the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > horse defined by purpose used for > [noun] > draught-horse > cart-horse cart-horsea1398 aver?a1513 the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > equus caballus or horse > [noun] > inferior or old and worn-out brockc1000 stota1100 jadec1386 yaud?a1513 roila1529 tit1548 hilding1590 tireling1590 dog horsec1600 baffle1639 Rosinante1641 aver1691 keffel1699 runt1725 hack horse1760 rip1775 kadisha1817 dunghill1833 pelter1854 crow-bait1857 caster1859 plug1860 knacker1864 plug horse1872 crock1879 skate1894 robbo1897 a1259 M. Paris in T. Walsingham Gesta (1867) I. 259 Juravit idem Abbas Willelmus, se centum equos uno anno in diversis partibus Abbathiæ [perdisse], quorum alii erant manni, alii vero runcini, alii Summarii, alii veredarii, alii vero averii. 1285 Stat. Westm. 2 c. 18 Vicecomes liberet ei omnia catalla debitoris, exceptis bobus et affris carucæ. [1618 Pulton transl., All the Cattells of the debtor, sauing onely his Oxen and beasts of his Plough.]] a1513 W. Dunbar Flyting in Poems (1998) I. 207 And cager aviris castis bayth coillis and creilis. c1540 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. xii. vi. f. 175/2 I sall gar hym draw lik ane auir in ane cart. c1598 King James VI & I Basilicon Doron (1944) I. ii. 106 Ane kyndlie auer uill neuer becumme a goode horse. 1609 J. Skene tr. Regiam Majestatem 72 Great number of eavers or beasts. 1674 J. Ray N. Country Words Average..deduced from the old word Aver [Averium] signifying a labouring beast. 1691 Blount's Νομο-λεξικον (ed. 2) at Affri (transl. Spelman) In Northumberland, to this day, they call a dull or slow Horse, a False aver, or Afer. 1820 W. Scott Monastery (1867) 521/1 An auld jaded aver to ride upon. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online June 2021). averv.ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > truthfulness, veracity > tell the truth [verb (transitive)] > assert truth of averc1380 c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 306 We auer þis what iude seiþ of apostataes. 1596 W. Warner Albions Eng. (rev. ed.) xi. lxvi. 282 Loue is a lordly Feast, he writes, and I the same auerre. 1634–46 J. Row Hist. Kirk Scotl. (1842) 106 That youths doe not maintaine fals opinions, howbeit averred by Aristotle or other profane authors. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > assurance, confirmation, or guarantee > assure, confirm, or guarantee [verb (transitive)] certify1330 highta1375 testify1393 fortifyc1449 avoucha1513 aver1548 vouch1591 1548 Abp. Abbot in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) II. i. xv. 122 This lying Jesuit can shew no letter..to aver this his calumniation. a1593 H. Smith Wks. (1867) II. 60 That answer.. seemeth to aver the truth of that which I say. 1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 132 Onely so far as shall be..by the authoritie of good histories to be auerred. 1678 Spanish Hist. 52 If the Crime be averred, the Criminal will be so too. 3. Law. To prove or justify a plea; to offer to justify an exception pleaded; to make an averment. Const. as in 4. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > pleading > maintain by argument in court [verb (transitive)] > show good reason for aver1490 justify1540 1490 Act 4 Hen. VII xx The pleyntif..may averre that the said recovere..was had by covyne. 1587 J. Hooker Chron. Ireland 180/2 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) II The appellant was demanded whether he would auerre his demand or not; who when he had affirmed that he would, the partie defendant..did answer as did the other, that he would auerre it by the swoord. 1677 A. Marvell Let. 6 Mar. in Poems & Lett. (1971) II. 185 He can not averre against the Record of his Conviction. 1847 C. G. Addison Treat. Law Contracts (1883) i. i. §1 19 No one can be permitted..to aver or to prove anything in contradiction to what he has solemnly and deliberately avowed by deed. 4. To assert as a fact; to state positively, affirm. a. transitive with simple object. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > assertion or affirmation > [verb (transitive)] vowc1330 anferme1340 affirma1382 willa1382 threapc1386 avow1393 to make oneself strongc1425 maintain?c1430 protest1440 traverse1491 assure1509 ferma1525 verc1540 profess1542 enforce1579 justify1579 aver1582 to take on1583 asserta1604 will1614 assevera1618 positive1656 autume1661 declare1709 obtesta1722 predicate1782 asseveratea1847 1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis iii. 57 What sooth thee virgin auerreth, Shee frams in Poëtry. 1692 J. Ray Wisdom of God (ed. 2) i. 128 I shall only averr what my self have sometimes observed. 1839 G. P. R. James Louis XIV IV. 46 What one author avers upon the subject, another denies. b. with complement or infinitive phr. ΚΠ 1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure v. xi The Latyn worde whyche that is referred Unto a thynge whych is substancyall, For a nowne substantyve is wel averred. a1586 Sir P. Sidney Apol. Poetrie (1595) sig. G4v How often..doe the Phisitians lye, when they auer things, good for sicknesses. 1699 R. Bentley Diss. Epist. Phalaris (new ed.) 384 Which being..within the reach of my own knowledge, I do averr to be a Calumny. 1829 I. Taylor Nat. Hist. Enthusiasm v. 110 Is a mystic prediction averred to be unfulfilled? c. with subordinate clause. Cf. quot. 1490 at sense 3. ΚΠ 1624 T. Gataker Discuss. Transubstant. 80 Both averre that the Elements in the Eucharist after consecration retaine..the same nature and substance. 1798 S. T. Coleridge Anc. Marinere ii, in W. Wordsworth & S. T. Coleridge Lyrical Ballads 12 Then all averr'd, I had kill'd the Bird That brought the fog and mist. 1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby xxx. 300 The shopman averring..that it was a most uncommon fit. d. absol. quasi- intransitive. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > assertion or affirmation > [verb (intransitive)] protesta1486 assertionate1593 aver1599 contest1607 asseverate1807 gage1811 predicate1828 pose1840 to take one's dick1861 to stick up1876 1599 George a Greene sig. E2v But gentle king, for so you would auerre, And Edwards betters, I salute you both. 1860 C. M. Yonge Cameos lix, in Monthly Packet Aug. 142 On good authority as he avers. 5. To assert the existence or occurrence of. archaic. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > assertion or affirmation > [verb (transitive)] > the existence or occurrence of avera1616 a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) v. vi. 203 Auerring notes Of Chamber-hanging, Pictures. View more context for this quotation 1641 J. Milton Of Reformation 54 Æsops Chronicles averre many stranger Accidents. 1673 W. Cave Primitive Christianity i. ix. 278 Augustine both avers the custom and gives the reason. 1845 R. W. Hamilton Inst. Pop. Educ. ix. 214 Hobbes..strongly avers this prerogative of the Ruler. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online December 2021). > see alsoalso refers to : aver-comb. form < see also |
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