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单词 aver
释义

avern.

/ˈeɪvə/
Forms: α. Middle English aueyr, auere, haver, Middle English auer, Middle English aveer, hawere. plural Middle English auers, averys. β. Middle English auoyre, havoire, auoir, hauoyr, havyoure, havur, Middle English–1500s hauour, hauoir, 1500s hauor, avyoure. In sense 3 in Scottish1500s avir, 1500s– aver, 1600s eaver, 1700s– aiver.
Etymology: < Old French aveir, aver, modern French avoir, possession, property, stuff, ‘stock,’ cattle, domestic animals, beasts of burden; lit. ‘having,’ substantive use of aveir , avoir < Latin habēre to have. So Italian avere ‘substance, goods, stocke, chattle’ (Florio); Spanish averes , haveres , plural, ‘goods, wealth, substance’; whence medieval Latin aver , avere , averium , averum , ‘substance, goods,’ and avera , averia , plural (in Anglo-Latin), ‘beasts, cattle,’ singular averum , -ium , sometimes averia , ‘beast,’ averius , affrus , affer , ‘beast of burden, draught-horse.’ English had only the Norman form aveyr , aver , before 1400; the 15th cent. introduced avoir from literary French, from Caxton onward havoir , havor , haviour n. in sense 1. The earlier aver was retained in northern dialect only in a special sense (3).
Obsolete exc. dialect.
1.
a. collective singular. Possession, property, estate, wealth; money.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > wealth > wealth or riches > [noun]
wealc888
ednessa1200
richessea1200
richdomc1225
richesses?c1225
wealtha1275
richesc1275
winc1275
warison1297
wonea1300
merchandisec1300
aver1330
richesc1330
substancea1382
abundancec1384
suffisance1390
talenta1400
pelf?a1505
opulence?1518
wealthsa1533
money bag1562
capital1569
opulency1584
affluency1591
affluence1593
exuberance1675
nabobism1784
money1848
α.
1330 R. Mannyng Chron. 124 In suilk felonie gadred grete auere.
c1340 R. Rolle Prose Treat. 24 Muchelle haver of worldely goodis.
1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. vii. 32 Þat men wende ich were, as in aueyr, riche.
1496 (c1410) Dives & Pauper (de Worde) vii. iv. 279/2 Unryghtfull occupyenge of ony..auer in this worlde, is called theeft.
a1500 (?c1450) Merlin 167 Thei boughten londes and rentes..with the auer that was departed.
?1558 Sir Lambervell 150 in Furniv. Percy Folio I. 149 I am a knight without hawere.
β. c1400 Rom. Rose 4723 Havoire withoute possessioun.c1410 N. Love tr. Bonaventura Mirror Life Christ (Gibbs MS.) xxiv. 53 All worldly ryches as in Aver [1530 W. de Worde, hauoyr].1483 Act 1 Rich. III iv. §1 Persones of noo substaunce ne havur.a1500 (?c1450) Merlin 357 All the grete auoir that thei hadde conquered.a1535 T. More Dialoge of Comfort (1553) iii. ix. sig. O.vv A man of some haueour & substaunce.1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxxv. xxii. 900 Of any havoir, worth and worship.
b. plural. Possessions, goods, riches.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > possessions > [noun]
goodeOE
auchtOE
havingc1350
facultya1382
substancea1382
propertya1393
haviourc1400
suffisantee1436
aversc1440
propriety1442
livinga1450
goodess1523
gear1535
prog1727
c1440 Partonope 775 Gold and ryche averys.
a1500 (?c1450) Merlin 106 As sone as he hadde the grete auers.
2. plural. Farm-stock, cattle, domestic animals of any kind, beasts.Common in Anglo-Norman and Anglo-Latin; though no vernacular instances have been found, the next sense must have arisen out of it.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > domestic animal > [noun] > livestock
feec900
auchtOE
orfOE
avers1292
storea1300
bestialc1350
cattlea1400
ware1422
quickc1450
goods1472
stock?1523
chattel1627
live goods1635
team1655
creature1662
livestocka1687
living stock1690
farming stock1749
farm animal1805
fat-stock1881
1292 Britton ii. xxiii. §6 Cum il deit aver pasture a totes maneres des avers, et ne ly soit mie suffert for qe a une manere de avers. (i.e. When he ought to have pasturage for all kinds of avers (beasts), and he is allowed to have it only for one manner of avers.)
?a1300 Reg. Majest. iv. xxvii Averia, id est, animalia muta (transl., Avers, that is, dumb-animals).
a1481 T. Littleton Tenures (1482) i. sig. aviv Si ieo baille a vn home mez berbetez a composter sa terre ou mez boefes a arere sa terre sil occist mez auers. [c1574 transl., If I lend to one my Sheepe to tathe his Land, or my Oxen to plow the Land, and he killeth my Cattell.]]
3. singular. A beast of burden, a draught ox or horse; hence, spec. a horse used for heavy work, a cart-horse; and in later usage, in northern dialect, an old or worthless horse.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > domestic animal > [noun] > work animals > beast of burden
widgeeOE
beastc1300
jument1382
aver?a1513
sumpter1526
sumpture1567
beast of carriage1586
beast of burden1740
sumpter1821
pack animal1846
shavetail1846
baggage-animal1852
baggager1859
pack1866
packer1875
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > horse defined by purpose used for > [noun] > draught-horse
aver?a1513
roil1587
dobbin1600
haulster1882
drafter1906
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > bos taurus or ox > [noun] > working
aver?a1513
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > horse defined by purpose used for > [noun] > draught-horse > cart-horse
cart-horsea1398
aver?a1513
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > equus caballus or horse > [noun] > inferior or old and worn-out
brockc1000
stota1100
jadec1386
yaud?a1513
roila1529
tit1548
hilding1590
tireling1590
dog horsec1600
baffle1639
Rosinante1641
aver1691
keffel1699
runt1725
hack horse1760
rip1775
kadisha1817
dunghill1833
pelter1854
crow-bait1857
caster1859
plug1860
knacker1864
plug horse1872
crock1879
skate1894
robbo1897
a1259 M. Paris in T. Walsingham Gesta (1867) I. 259 Juravit idem Abbas Willelmus, se centum equos uno anno in diversis partibus Abbathiæ [perdisse], quorum alii erant manni, alii vero runcini, alii Summarii, alii veredarii, alii vero averii.
1285 Stat. Westm. 2 c. 18 Vicecomes liberet ei omnia catalla debitoris, exceptis bobus et affris carucæ. [1618 Pulton transl., All the Cattells of the debtor, sauing onely his Oxen and beasts of his Plough.]]
a1513 W. Dunbar Flyting in Poems (1998) I. 207 And cager aviris castis bayth coillis and creilis.
c1540 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. xii. vi. f. 175/2 I sall gar hym draw lik ane auir in ane cart.
c1598 King James VI & I Basilicon Doron (1944) I. ii. 106 Ane kyndlie auer uill neuer becumme a goode horse.
1609 J. Skene tr. Regiam Majestatem 72 Great number of eavers or beasts.
1674 J. Ray N. Country Words Average..deduced from the old word Aver [Averium] signifying a labouring beast.
1691 Blount's Νομο-λεξικον (ed. 2) at Affri (transl. Spelman) In Northumberland, to this day, they call a dull or slow Horse, a False aver, or Afer.
1820 W. Scott Monastery (1867) 521/1 An auld jaded aver to ride upon.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

averv.

Brit. /əˈvəː/, U.S. /əˈvər/
Forms: Pples. averred, averring. Forms: Middle English–1600s auer, 1500s–1600s auerre, averre, 1600s–1700s averr, 1500s– aver.
Etymology: < French avérer, cognate with Provençal averar , Italian avverare < late Latin *advērāre to make true, verify, prove to be true, < ad to (factitive) + vērus true. Sense 2 was the earlier in French.
1. transitive. To declare true, assert the truth of (a statement). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > truthfulness, veracity > tell the truth [verb (transitive)] > assert truth of
averc1380
c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 306 We auer þis what iude seiþ of apostataes.
1596 W. Warner Albions Eng. (rev. ed.) xi. lxvi. 282 Loue is a lordly Feast, he writes, and I the same auerre.
1634–46 J. Row Hist. Kirk Scotl. (1842) 106 That youths doe not maintaine fals opinions, howbeit averred by Aristotle or other profane authors.
2. To prove true, confirm, verify. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > statement > assurance, confirmation, or guarantee > assure, confirm, or guarantee [verb (transitive)]
certify1330
highta1375
testify1393
fortifyc1449
avoucha1513
aver1548
vouch1591
1548 Abp. Abbot in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) II. i. xv. 122 This lying Jesuit can shew no letter..to aver this his calumniation.
a1593 H. Smith Wks. (1867) II. 60 That answer.. seemeth to aver the truth of that which I say.
1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 132 Onely so far as shall be..by the authoritie of good histories to be auerred.
1678 Spanish Hist. 52 If the Crime be averred, the Criminal will be so too.
3. Law. To prove or justify a plea; to offer to justify an exception pleaded; to make an averment. Const. as in 4.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > pleading > maintain by argument in court [verb (transitive)] > show good reason for
aver1490
justify1540
1490 Act 4 Hen. VII xx The pleyntif..may averre that the said recovere..was had by covyne.
1587 J. Hooker Chron. Ireland 180/2 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) II The appellant was demanded whether he would auerre his demand or not; who when he had affirmed that he would, the partie defendant..did answer as did the other, that he would auerre it by the swoord.
1677 A. Marvell Let. 6 Mar. in Poems & Lett. (1971) II. 185 He can not averre against the Record of his Conviction.
1847 C. G. Addison Treat. Law Contracts (1883) i. i. §1 19 No one can be permitted..to aver or to prove anything in contradiction to what he has solemnly and deliberately avowed by deed.
4. To assert as a fact; to state positively, affirm.
a. transitive with simple object.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > statement > assertion or affirmation > [verb (transitive)]
vowc1330
anferme1340
affirma1382
willa1382
threapc1386
avow1393
to make oneself strongc1425
maintain?c1430
protest1440
traverse1491
assure1509
ferma1525
verc1540
profess1542
enforce1579
justify1579
aver1582
to take on1583
asserta1604
will1614
assevera1618
positive1656
autume1661
declare1709
obtesta1722
predicate1782
asseveratea1847
1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis iii. 57 What sooth thee virgin auerreth, Shee frams in Poëtry.
1692 J. Ray Wisdom of God (ed. 2) i. 128 I shall only averr what my self have sometimes observed.
1839 G. P. R. James Louis XIV IV. 46 What one author avers upon the subject, another denies.
b. with complement or infinitive phr.
ΚΠ
1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure v. xi The Latyn worde whyche that is referred Unto a thynge whych is substancyall, For a nowne substantyve is wel averred.
a1586 Sir P. Sidney Apol. Poetrie (1595) sig. G4v How often..doe the Phisitians lye, when they auer things, good for sicknesses.
1699 R. Bentley Diss. Epist. Phalaris (new ed.) 384 Which being..within the reach of my own knowledge, I do averr to be a Calumny.
1829 I. Taylor Nat. Hist. Enthusiasm v. 110 Is a mystic prediction averred to be unfulfilled?
c. with subordinate clause. Cf. quot. 1490 at sense 3.
ΚΠ
1624 T. Gataker Discuss. Transubstant. 80 Both averre that the Elements in the Eucharist after consecration retaine..the same nature and substance.
1798 S. T. Coleridge Anc. Marinere ii, in W. Wordsworth & S. T. Coleridge Lyrical Ballads 12 Then all averr'd, I had kill'd the Bird That brought the fog and mist.
1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby xxx. 300 The shopman averring..that it was a most uncommon fit.
d. absol. quasi- intransitive.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > statement > assertion or affirmation > [verb (intransitive)]
protesta1486
assertionate1593
aver1599
contest1607
asseverate1807
gage1811
predicate1828
pose1840
to take one's dick1861
to stick up1876
1599 George a Greene sig. E2v But gentle king, for so you would auerre, And Edwards betters, I salute you both.
1860 C. M. Yonge Cameos lix, in Monthly Packet Aug. 142 On good authority as he avers.
5. To assert the existence or occurrence of. archaic.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > statement > assertion or affirmation > [verb (transitive)] > the existence or occurrence of
avera1616
a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) v. vi. 203 Auerring notes Of Chamber-hanging, Pictures. View more context for this quotation
1641 J. Milton Of Reformation 54 Æsops Chronicles averre many stranger Accidents.
1673 W. Cave Primitive Christianity i. ix. 278 Augustine both avers the custom and gives the reason.
1845 R. W. Hamilton Inst. Pop. Educ. ix. 214 Hobbes..strongly avers this prerogative of the Ruler.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

> see also

also refers to : aver-comb. form
<
n.1330v.c1380
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