Arctic Circlen.

Brit.

/ˌɑːktɪk ˈsəːkl/, U.S.

/ˌɑrktɪk ˈsərk(ə)l/; see also Arctic adj. and n.

Forms:

α. see circle n. and Arctic adj. and n.

β. see Arctic adj. and n. and circle n.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding; modelled on Latin lexical items. Etymons: circle n., Arctic adj.

Etymology: In α. forms < circle n. + Arctic adj., after classical Latin arcticus circulus, itself after Hellenistic Greek ἀρκτικὸς κύκλος (both in sense 2b; compare quot. 1834 at sense 2b). In β. forms < Arctic adj. + circle n., after classical Latin arcticus circulus. Compare Middle French, French cercle arctique (c1400 as †cercle artique ), Italian circulo artico (a1314), all earliest in sense 2b, and Spanish círculo ártico (1519: see note below), earliest in sense 1. Compare slightly later Antarctic Circle n.Spanish círculo ártico is first attested in M. Fernández de Enciso Suma de geografía, of which the source cited in quot. a1544 is a greatly expanded adaptation. Enciso also (and more frequently) uses the synonym trópico ártico.

1. The parallel of latitude in the northern hemisphere that marks the southern extremity of places where the sun can remain continuously above or below the horizon for 24 hours, currently at 66° 33′ 44″ N.The circle results from the tilt of the earth's axis relative to the plane of its orbit round the sun (the ‘obliquity of the ecliptic’): the angular distance of the circle from the North Pole is equal to the angle between the earth's axis of rotation and its orbital plane. This angle slowly varies over a long period. At present it is decreasing, and the Arctic Circle is moving north at about half a second of arc, or 50 feet (15 m), per year.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > geodetic references > [noun] > latitude > polar circle

Arctic Circlec1540

polar circle1556

Antarctic Circle1587

polar line1658

polar1688

c1540 J. Bellenden in tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. sig. C.v Island, quhilk lyis..beyound the cirkill artik to the north pole.

a1544 R. Barlow Geogr. (1932) 3 An other zone ther is whiche is the portion of londe that is betwene the tropike of Cancer and the circle articke.

1621 P. Heylyn Microcosmus 3 The Articke circle..passeth through Norway, Muscovie, Tartary, &c.

1673 T. Henshaw Let. 9 Dec. in H. Oldenburg Corr. (1975) X. 374 I suppose yu have taken notice in Magister Lucas's answers concerning Feroe, that in that Island, and in Iceland too though ye most southerne end of it lye under the Arcticke circle.

1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine at Island of Ice A name given by sailors to a great quantity of ice collected..and floating about..near..the arctic circle.

1825 Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. 2 241 Nearly every celestial phenomenon observable from the tropic to the arctic circle.

1881 H. Seebohm Catal. Birds Brit. Mus. V. 78 The Icterine Tree-Warbler breeds in Central and Northern Europe, from the Atlantic to the Ural Mountains, extending northwards as far as the Arctic circle.

1900 H. L. Keeler Our Native Trees 6 Its fossil remains are found in the tertiary rocks of Greenland and elsewhere within the arctic circle.

1907 W. W. Bryant Hist. Astron. xxi. 192 Geologists allege a glacial period, stating definitely that the arctic circle must once have been as far south as Yorkshire.

1977 J. McPhee Coming into Country i. 6 The Salmon River of the Brooks Range, is the most northern, its watershed wholly above the Arctic Circle.

2007 New Yorker 3 Sept. 88/3 The coldest night I have ever spent anywhere, below or above the Arctic Circle.

2. Astronomy.

a. A circle on the celestial sphere corresponding to the geographic Arctic Circle, at a declination currently of 66° 33′ 44″ N (this being 90° minus the obliquity of the ecliptic: see the note at sense 1).

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > celestial sphere > circle of celestial sphere > [noun] > lesser circle > polar circle > arctic circle

Arctic Circlec1550

c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) vi. 40 The circle artic is xxiij degreis xxx munitis fra the pole artic.

1657 J. Newton Astronomia Britannica i. 1 The four lesser circles are, 1 The Tropick of Cancer. 2 The Tropique of Capricorn. 3 The circle Artick. 4 The circle Antarctick.

1794 G. Adams Lect. Nat. & Exper. Philos. III. xxxvi. 556 These circles have been by many authors called the arctic and antarctic circles, but improperly, as the ancients always meant by the arctic circle the largest parallel that was always above the horizon of any particular place.

1834 Penny Cycl. II. 290/1 The arctic and antarctic circles of the heavens occupy positions with respect to the celestial poles similar to those occupied by the same circles on the earth.

1881 G. F. Chambers Smyth's Cycle Celestial Objects (ed. 2) 418 This star is designated Kocab... It is within the Arctic Circle, which has been through all ages esteemed the vertex of the heavens.

1975 O. Neugebauer Hist. Anc. Math. Astron. I. i. 336 The star ‘in the neck of Cassiopeia’ is on the arctic circle while the ‘Right Elbow of Perseus’ is slightly to the north of it.

1998 J. Evans Hist. & Pract. Anc. Astron. ii. 94 The modern celestial arctic circle is fixed in size: it is a circle, centered on the pole, with a radius of about 24°.

b. For a location in the northern hemisphere: a circle on the celestial sphere centred on the north celestial pole and touching the local northern horizon, thus enclosing all the stars which at that location never set . Now historical.This was the original sense in Hellenistic Greek and classical Latin.

ΚΠ

1556 R. Record Castle of Knowl. 27 The Arctike circle is the greattest of all those circles whiche do alwaies appear, and toucheth the Horizonte in one only pointe..All the starres that bee within this circle nother rise nother sette.

1622 H. Peacham Compl. Gentleman vii. 119 The Arcticke Circle (anciently accounted the Horizon of Greece).

1794 G. Adams Lect. Nat. & Exper. Philos. III. xxxvi. 556 The ancients always meant by the arctic circle the largest parallel that was always above the horizon of any particular place.

1834 Penny Cycl. II. 289/2 Every different latitude had a different arctic circle; and in the latitude in which astronomy was first cultivated, the great bear just swept the sea, and did not set, whence the boundary circle obtained its name.

1907 T. E. Espin Webb's Celestial Objects for Common Telescopes (ed. 5) II. 109 A long, winding constellation, always above the horizon; in consequence of which its stars, like all others in the Arctic Circle, appear at different times entirely reversed in relative position.

1979 L. A. Brown Story of Maps xi. 40 At the equator, for example, the arctic circle was nonexistent, because all of the stars comprising the Great Bear were below his horizon.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	arctic circle
释义	Arctic Circlen. Brit. /ˌɑːktɪk ˈsəːkl/, U.S. /ˌɑrktɪk ˈsərk(ə)l/; see also Arctic adj. and n. Forms: α. see circle n. and Arctic adj. and n. β. see Arctic adj. and n. and circle n. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding; modelled on Latin lexical items. Etymons: circle n., Arctic adj. Etymology: In α. forms < circle n. + Arctic adj., after classical Latin arcticus circulus, itself after Hellenistic Greek ἀρκτικὸς κύκλος (both in sense 2b; compare quot. 1834 at sense 2b). In β. forms < Arctic adj. + circle n., after classical Latin arcticus circulus. Compare Middle French, French cercle arctique (c1400 as †cercle artique ), Italian circulo artico (a1314), all earliest in sense 2b, and Spanish círculo ártico (1519: see note below), earliest in sense 1. Compare slightly later Antarctic Circle n.Spanish círculo ártico is first attested in M. Fernández de Enciso Suma de geografía, of which the source cited in quot. a1544 is a greatly expanded adaptation. Enciso also (and more frequently) uses the synonym trópico ártico. 1. The parallel of latitude in the northern hemisphere that marks the southern extremity of places where the sun can remain continuously above or below the horizon for 24 hours, currently at 66° 33′ 44″ N.The circle results from the tilt of the earth's axis relative to the plane of its orbit round the sun (the ‘obliquity of the ecliptic’): the angular distance of the circle from the North Pole is equal to the angle between the earth's axis of rotation and its orbital plane. This angle slowly varies over a long period. At present it is decreasing, and the Arctic Circle is moving north at about half a second of arc, or 50 feet (15 m), per year. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > geodetic references > [noun] > latitude > polar circle Arctic Circlec1540 polar circle1556 Antarctic Circle1587 polar line1658 polar1688 c1540 J. Bellenden in tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. sig. C.v Island, quhilk lyis..beyound the cirkill artik to the north pole. a1544 R. Barlow Geogr. (1932) 3 An other zone ther is whiche is the portion of londe that is betwene the tropike of Cancer and the circle articke. 1621 P. Heylyn Microcosmus 3 The Articke circle..passeth through Norway, Muscovie, Tartary, &c. 1673 T. Henshaw Let. 9 Dec. in H. Oldenburg Corr. (1975) X. 374 I suppose yu have taken notice in Magister Lucas's answers concerning Feroe, that in that Island, and in Iceland too though ye most southerne end of it lye under the Arcticke circle. 1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine at Island of Ice A name given by sailors to a great quantity of ice collected..and floating about..near..the arctic circle. 1825 Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. 2 241 Nearly every celestial phenomenon observable from the tropic to the arctic circle. 1881 H. Seebohm Catal. Birds Brit. Mus. V. 78 The Icterine Tree-Warbler breeds in Central and Northern Europe, from the Atlantic to the Ural Mountains, extending northwards as far as the Arctic circle. 1900 H. L. Keeler Our Native Trees 6 Its fossil remains are found in the tertiary rocks of Greenland and elsewhere within the arctic circle. 1907 W. W. Bryant Hist. Astron. xxi. 192 Geologists allege a glacial period, stating definitely that the arctic circle must once have been as far south as Yorkshire. 1977 J. McPhee Coming into Country i. 6 The Salmon River of the Brooks Range, is the most northern, its watershed wholly above the Arctic Circle. 2007 New Yorker 3 Sept. 88/3 The coldest night I have ever spent anywhere, below or above the Arctic Circle. 2. Astronomy. a. A circle on the celestial sphere corresponding to the geographic Arctic Circle, at a declination currently of 66° 33′ 44″ N (this being 90° minus the obliquity of the ecliptic: see the note at sense 1). ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > celestial sphere > circle of celestial sphere > [noun] > lesser circle > polar circle > arctic circle Arctic Circlec1550 c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) vi. 40 The circle artic is xxiij degreis xxx munitis fra the pole artic. 1657 J. Newton Astronomia Britannica i. 1 The four lesser circles are, 1 The Tropick of Cancer. 2 The Tropique of Capricorn. 3 The circle Artick. 4 The circle Antarctick. 1794 G. Adams Lect. Nat. & Exper. Philos. III. xxxvi. 556 These circles have been by many authors called the arctic and antarctic circles, but improperly, as the ancients always meant by the arctic circle the largest parallel that was always above the horizon of any particular place. 1834 Penny Cycl. II. 290/1 The arctic and antarctic circles of the heavens occupy positions with respect to the celestial poles similar to those occupied by the same circles on the earth. 1881 G. F. Chambers Smyth's Cycle Celestial Objects (ed. 2) 418 This star is designated Kocab... It is within the Arctic Circle, which has been through all ages esteemed the vertex of the heavens. 1975 O. Neugebauer Hist. Anc. Math. Astron. I. i. 336 The star ‘in the neck of Cassiopeia’ is on the arctic circle while the ‘Right Elbow of Perseus’ is slightly to the north of it. 1998 J. Evans Hist. & Pract. Anc. Astron. ii. 94 The modern celestial arctic circle is fixed in size: it is a circle, centered on the pole, with a radius of about 24°. b. For a location in the northern hemisphere: a circle on the celestial sphere centred on the north celestial pole and touching the local northern horizon, thus enclosing all the stars which at that location never set . Now historical.This was the original sense in Hellenistic Greek and classical Latin. ΚΠ 1556 R. Record Castle of Knowl. 27 The Arctike circle is the greattest of all those circles whiche do alwaies appear, and toucheth the Horizonte in one only pointe..All the starres that bee within this circle nother rise nother sette. 1622 H. Peacham Compl. Gentleman vii. 119 The Arcticke Circle (anciently accounted the Horizon of Greece). 1794 G. Adams Lect. Nat. & Exper. Philos. III. xxxvi. 556 The ancients always meant by the arctic circle the largest parallel that was always above the horizon of any particular place. 1834 Penny Cycl. II. 289/2 Every different latitude had a different arctic circle; and in the latitude in which astronomy was first cultivated, the great bear just swept the sea, and did not set, whence the boundary circle obtained its name. 1907 T. E. Espin Webb's Celestial Objects for Common Telescopes (ed. 5) II. 109 A long, winding constellation, always above the horizon; in consequence of which its stars, like all others in the Arctic Circle, appear at different times entirely reversed in relative position. 1979 L. A. Brown Story of Maps xi. 40 At the equator, for example, the arctic circle was nonexistent, because all of the stars comprising the Great Bear were below his horizon. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.c1540
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