单词 | hazardous |
释义 | hazardousadj. 1. Fraught with hazards or risk; dangerous; risky. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > danger > [adjective] > full of risk adventurousa1375 jeopardous1451 jeopardious?1504 hazardous1549 venturous1570 hazardly1575 chanceful1591 unsafe1597 venturable1597 hazard1601 desperatea1616 hazardable1618 hazardful1626 discriminous1658 venturesome1661 precarious1727 riskful1793 risky1813 1549 in A. I. Cameron Sc. Corr. Mary of Lorraine (1927) 288 We find na pwrpos to pas fordwart, remembyryng the baittaill wes hasertws. c1610 J. Melville Mem. Own Life (1735) 335 They durst not yet take such a hazardous Course. 1619 E. M. Bolton tr. Florus Rom. Hist. i. xvii. 77 A most hazzardous warre. 1671 J. Milton Paradise Regain'd iii. 228 The enterprize so hazardous and high. View more context for this quotation 1744 M. Bishop Life Matthew Bishop 255 The Edgar..was blown up..after wading through those hazardous Seas that we had just arrived from. a1781 R. Watson Hist. Reign Philip III (1783) i. 60 The most hazardous enterprize in which he had ever been engaged. 1800 J. Cottle Markoff in Ann. Anthol. II. 228 The instances which have occurred of individuals and even companies being frozen to death, are insufficient to intimidate others from following the same hazardous occupation [sc. hunting sable]. 1824 W. Irving Tales of Traveller III. 104 I could not expect that she would quit her home, and accompany me in my hazardous life among the mountains. 1856 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) I. v. 419 To attempt to analyse the motives of a double-minded man is always a hazardous experiment. 1900 A. I. Jones Chevalier de St. Denis xxvi. 297 He had been warned to arm himself to the teeth, for travel was hazardous in that robber-infested country. 1954 J. D. Horan Confederate Agent xxix. 261 Unshaven, and bone-tired from the hazardous journey north, he walked into a saloon..for a drink and some supper. 2016 Sun (Nexis) 15 Jan. 9 The Road Safety Authority is warning all motorists to slow down as the cold snap continues, with freezing fog making driving conditions hazardous. 2. Of a person: given to risk-taking; reckless; adventurous. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > danger > [adjective] > full of risk > risk-taking hazardous1560 outstretching1654 brinkmanlike1958 radical1964 1560 N. Throckmorton Let. 28 Nov. in State Papers, Foreign Ser. P.R.O. SP70/20 f. 56 A gloriouse, rash, and hazardous yonge man. a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) iii. xxviii. sig. Zz5v Who was in the disposition of his nature hazardouse. 1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage viii. vii. 642 Hazardous Mariners. 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xxiv. 129 Too hazardous in engaging the publique stock into a long, or costly war. 1745 George Faulkner Dublin Jrnl. 24–27 Aug. These hazardous Adventurers may find themselves mistaken. 1840 T. De Quincey On Essenes: Pt. III in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. May 643/1 A sect that proselytized was at any rate a hazardous sect in Judæa. 1864 G. Meredith Emilia in Eng. I. viii. 97 A strong barrier..of pen-points—must be raised against every newly minted word and hazardous coiner, or we shall be inundated. 1919 Economist 6 Sept. 401/1 Above this enormous crowd of petty smugglers quite a class of hazardous speculators has formed. 2016 L. Gell et al. What determines Harm from Addictive Substances & Behaviours? vi. 177 A hazardous gambler who stays away from the casino will not face the multiple cues that might touch off the hazardous behaviour. 3. Of the nature of the game of hazard; dependent on chance.In later use probably only a contextual use of sense 1. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > chance or causelessness > [adjective] > random or haphazard uncertain1303 casualc1460 haphazard1576 roving1577 hazardous1585 chanceful1594 firmless1605 random1655 temerarious1660 aleatory1693 contingent1703 unlawed1789 by the way1846 chancy1860 fluky1880 hitty-missy1885 perchance1891 happenchance1905 happenstance1905 willy-nilly1933 1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie ii. xii. 47 b The adventure therof on the one side and the other was very hazardous [Fr. hazardeux] and variable. 1653 H. More Antidote against Atheisme ii. ix. 81 In other Generations that are more hazardous,..[Nature] makes them [sc. the creatures] Male and Female. 1671 I. Barrow Duty & Reward of Bounty 8 He disperseth them [sc. his goods] to the poor, not dissipateth them among vain or lewd persons..in idle divertisements, in expensive curiosities, in hazardous gamings. 1713 E. Ward Hist. Grand Rebellion I. 35 Th'unhappy King, much streighten'd for Supplies, Was forc'd to take their hazardous Advice. 1791 E. Burke Appeal New to Old Whigs 112 They may indeed stop short of some hazardous and ambiguous excellence. 1816 S. W. Singer Researches Hist. Playing Cards i. 9 Hazardous betting or playing for stakes. 1880 Libr. Universal Knowl. IV. 285 Hazardous contracts, in which the performance depends upon some uncertain future event. 1929 F. L. Paxson When West is Gone (1930) iii. 98 The arid slopes where farming ceases to be an occupation and becomes a hazardous game of chance. 2012 Mail on Sunday (Nexis) 15 Apr. At long last, his hazardous investment had paid a dividend. 4. That is or represents a hazard to human or animal health; that is damaging to the environment; (esp. of a substance) harmful, toxic.Cf. hazardous waste n. at Compounds. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > [adjective] > harmful or injurious litherc893 scathefulc900 orneOE teenfulOE atterlichc1050 evilc1175 wicka1250 scathela1300 deringa1325 unkindc1330 harmfula1340 ill1340 wicked1340 shrewdc1380 noisomea1382 venomed1382 noyfulc1384 damageousc1386 infectivea1398 unwholesomea1400 annoying?c1400 mischievous1414 damnablec1420 contagiousc1430 mischievable?a1439 damagefulc1449 damageable1474 unhappy1474 nuisable1483 nocible1490 nuisible1490 nuisant1494 noxiousa1500 nocent?c1500 hurtful1526 sinistral1534 nocive1538 offendent1547 offensivea1548 dangerous1548 naughtya1555 dispendious1557 offensible1575 wrackful1578 baneful1579 hindersome1580 scandalizing1593 damnifiable1604 taking1608 toadish1611 illful1613 nocivousc1616 mischieving1621 nocuous1627 obnoxious1638 nocumentous1644 vicious1656 nocumental1657 abnoxious1680 dungeonable1691 offending1694 hurtsomea1699 nociferous1706 sinister1726 damnific1727 hazardous1748 slaughtering1811 damaging1856 damnous1870 lethal1942 1748 J. Chandler Frauds Detected 15 The Patient, whose Bowels are racked and tore by the Vellications of this harsh and hazardous Medicine. 1784 M. Underwood Treat. Dis. Children 54 Nor is there any reason to think the bark in substance anywise hazardous, where the nature of the disease may demand the use of it. 1829 J. Rennie New Suppl. Pharmacopœias (ed. 2) 214 [The preparation] is useful in aphtha and syphilitic sore-throat, but is hazardous if any of it should be swallowed. 1866 Lees' Stalybridge Family Almanack p. xxxiii (advt.) Occupations involving..the use of machinery or hazardous substances, insured at an equitable addition. 1947 Instruments 20 712/1 The qualities which make radio-atoms..useful to science and industry make them hazardous to handle. 1969 Jrnl. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 64 743 Until we know what those [other predisposing] factors are,..it is inevitable that there will be disagreement whether smoking is hazardous to all persons. 1989 L. Nonnecke Veg. Production 108 Aircraft spraying is the most hazardous to bees, and use of granular materials is the least hazardous. 1999 Evening Standard (Palmerston North, N.Z.) (Nexis) 2 Aug. 13 Information on..presence of hazardous contaminants..is held in council's records. 2014 M. D. Delost Introd. to Diagnostic Microbiol. for Lab. Sci. ii. 20 Protective eyewear..must be worn in all laboratories using hazardous chemicals. Compounds hazardous insurance n. (a) a life, building, etc., assessed as exposed to more than average risk, for the purposes of insurance; (b) insurance, effected at a high premium, on such a life, building, etc. ΚΠ 1719 N. Lechmere Let. 3 Mar. in Special Rep. Comm. Several Subscriptions Fisheries, Insurances, Annuities (1720) 41 It being always found necessary, in large or hazardous insurances, to obtain great Numbers of Persons to underwrite. ?1740 Proposals Dublin Insurance Company (single sheet) Such Trades carried on, or such Goods deposited in Brick or Stone Buildings..are to pay the annual Premium set down under the Head of Hazardous Insurance. 1786 J. Trusler London Adviser & Guide 11 If there is any part of the building wood or plaster on the outside, hazardous insurance must be paid. 1840 Hand-bk. Trade & Commerce 161 Hazardous insurances include timber buildings, thatched barns and outhouses. 1876 Whitaker's Almanack 217/1 Hazardous Insurances.—At 2s.6d to 3s. per cent. per annum, with certain exceptions. 1953 A. E. Bulau Footpr. Assurance I. 39/1 For the first time fire insurance risks were classified somewhat after the old English system, they being listed and rated as Common Insurances, Hazardous Insurances, Doubly Hazardous Insurances, and Special or Extraordinary Risks. 2001 North Adams (Mass.) Transcript 19 June a5 (advt.) Hazardous insurance is required. hazardous material n. any of various substances considered to be especially dangerous to humans, the environment, etc., if not handled, used, or stored in a particular way; esp. (in later use) a substance classified as such by a governmental or official body. ΚΠ 1827 New Times 21 July The fact of the plaintiff's having given orders to make a fire in the building for the purpose of heating tar..did not come within the meaning of the condition, which prohibited the carrying on any hazardous trade, or the depositing of hazardous materials, upon premises not insured at the rate of 2s. 9d. per cent. 1939 Sci. News Let. 22 July 61 It is much better to learn how to use safely a hazardous material than to discard it for a..substance..of unknown toxicity. 2017 Morning Star 13 Feb. 6/5 Firefighters evacuated hundreds of passengers from Hamburg airport yesterday after dozens were injured by a mysterious hazardous material that is thought to have been spread through the airport's air conditioning system. hazardous occupation n. Insurance, Law, etc. an employment recognized as posing more than average risks to those engaged in it or to premises used for it; also attributive, as hazardous occupation table. ΚΠ 1795 Proposals (Mass. Fire & Marine Insurance Company) (single sheet) Household furniture, not contained in buildings used for hazardous occupations. 1850 Chambers's Edinb. Jrnl. 9 Nov. 299/1 The hazardous occupations are such as builders, carpenters, sawyers, masons, house-painters, coopers, millers, printers, labourers, porters, carriers, policemen, and all persons such as ostlers, coachmen, postilions, guards, &c. employed about horses; likewise persons employed in the construction of large engineering works, as docks, tunnels, &c. 1880 Amer. Decisions 21 686 A Provision that the Policy should Cease and be of no force so long as the building should be used for any one of specified extra hazardous occupations, will not release the insurers for a loss by fire after such hazardous occupation has been discontinued. 1897 Daily News 9 June 8/4 A recommendation was adopted..making it compulsory for members following those occupations to pay the increased contributions required by the hazardous occupation table. ?1901 A. Landis Friendly Societies & Fraternal Orders 36 In a large majority of the cases..excessive sickness cost has been noted as one of the causes of deficiency, and wherever such excess has been attributed to occupation causes the adoption of a hazardous occupation table has been advised. 1941 Southern Reporter 2nd Ser. 3 605/1 This court has decided that farming is not a hazardous occupation, per se, or in the ordinary understanding of men. 2000 A. Griffith et al. Managem. Syst. for Constr. v. 149 In the period 1990 to 1996 the average number of fatalities each year still exceeded 80... There can be no doubt, therefore, that construction remains a hazardous occupation. hazardous waste n. waste, esp. industrial waste, that is potentially harmful to human health or to the environment and which requires special facilities for its disposal; also occasionally as a count noun; cf. toxic waste n. at toxic adj. and n. Additions.Cf. earlier non-hazardous waste n. at non-hazardous adj. Compounds. ΚΠ 1945 Alton (Illinois) Evening Tel. 23 Aug. 1/3 The men had been assigned to dumping hazardous waste as the factory reconverted from war production to wall paper manufacture. 1980 Blair & Ketchum's Country Jrnl. Oct. 127/2 He recommends..complete disposal of hazardous wastes by means of disassemblage or direct destruction. 2011 P. E. Rosenfeld & L. G. H. Feng Risks Hazardous Wastes i. 8 Unlike other types of hazardous waste, there is no way to neutralize radioactive waste. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, January 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < |
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