hard hatn.

Brit.

/ˈhɑːd hat/, U.S.

/ˈhɑrd ˌhæt/ (in senses 1 and 2 also)Brit.

/ˌhɑːd ˈhat/, U.S.

/ˌhɑrd ˈhæt/

Forms: see hard adj. and n. and hat n.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: hard adj., hat n.

Etymology: < hard adj. + hat n.Sense 3b shows a specific semantic development from sense 3a, with reference to the 1970 demonstrations by construction workers in New York during Richard Nixon's presidency.

1. A rigid protective covering for the head; (in later use) esp. a hat used by those working on or visiting construction sites.In early use: †a helmet (obsolete).Hard hats used on construction sites or in similar settings are now typically made from rigid plastic in a distinctive colour, with a front visor and an internal suspension system to maintain a space between the exterior shell and the wearer's head, and thus spread the force of any impact.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > [noun] > helmet > types of

hard hatc1400

smoke helmet1900

crash-helmet1918

skid-lid1958

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 1209 (MED) Hard hattes þay hent and on hors lepes.

c1450 (?a1370) Wynnere & Wastoure (1990) l. 51 (MED) Harde hattes appon hedes and helmys with crestys.

1851 R. S. Surtees Soapey Sponge's Sporting Tour lxxi, in New Monthly Mag. Apr. 486 She has made Mr. Sponge a white silk jacket to ride in..and a cap of the same colour in his hard hat.

1907 Ann. Rep. Govt. Mining Engineer (Transvaal Mines Dept.) 26 The use of hard hats in vertical shafts has, I am convinced, been instrumental in preventing loss of life.

1956 H. M. Newell Dam xvii. 84 Workmen were cocooned in clothing till he couldn't recognize them... Beneath their hard-hats, stocking caps or scarves or kerchiefs tied under their chins.

1978 Irish Times 15 Aug. 11 The Royal Dublin Horse Show..adds up to amusement, learning and unending talk in a hard hat and riding boots.

2013 New Yorker 9 Sept. 34/3 Beside the manhole, you'll be issued some P.P.E.—personal-protection equipment, meaning a hard hat and maybe an orange vest.

2. A type of hat made of hard or stiffened felt; esp. a bowler or derby hat. Now chiefly in historical contexts.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > [noun] > hat > made of specific material > felt > bowler hat

pot hat1580

hard hat1845

plug hat1860

bowler1861

billycock1862

boxer1863

bullycock1865

Christy1869

Christy stiff1882

hard hitter1883

pea-dodgera1914

blocker1934

dut1939

bun hat1941

1845 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Jan. 56/2 Accursed be the memory of that fellow Tightfit in Old Bond Street, who used to screw his hats on our cranium when we were young... As you value your comfort, dear reader, never purchase a hard hat.

1861 A. K. H. Boyd Recreat. Country Parson 1st Ser. iv. 119 People..with their hard hats on their heads in the reading-rooms of Royal Exchanges, Athenaeums, and Philosophical Institutions.

1881 Spons' Encycl. Manuf. III. 1117 The style known as ‘plain shape’, i. e. a hard hat having the brim cut to the size, simply receives a binding.

1930 Lethbridge (Alberta) Herald 11 Jan. 4/2 I shed my cow garments an' get into white man's harness. A hard hat, boiled shirt, laced shoes—all the gearin' known to civilized man.

1976 N.Y. Times 4 Apr. xx9/5 The bowler—that first version of the hard hat, with a rounded crown and curved brim made from a mix of rabbit felt and shellac.

2002 Irish Times (Nexis) 23 Jan. 15 The sartorially excellent young gentleman with hard hat and Dickensian long brown leather apron, leading the funeral procession.

3. Originally and chiefly U.S. Usually in form hardhat.

a. A person who wears protective headgear; spec. a construction worker.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > builder > [noun] > construction worker

hard hat1949

1949 Walla Walla (Washington) Union-Bull. 12 June 22/1 These ‘hard hats’ are here to remake the west. They man the cranes, drive the trucks, nail the wooden forms for concrete, paint the buildings, drive the pilings and do the multitude of other jobs.

1972 D. E. Westlake Cops & Robbers (1973) v. 63 It was one of those huge office buildings being constructed there, and the hardhats kept steady working away at it.

1997 Wall Street Jrnl. (N.Y.) 16 July b10 Hardhats swarm over the concrete foundation of what is to be Citibank's London headquarters.

2012 Daily News (N.Y.) (Nexis) 1 Feb. 12 A hardhat working in Brooklyn subway station was clinging to life Tuesday after a chunk of concrete crashed on his head.

b. A reactionary or conservative person; a person who is actively and outspokenly opposed to nonconformists.Originally used with particular reference to the 1970 demonstrations by construction workers in New York during Richard Nixon's presidency.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > expressed belief, opinion > bias, prejudice > dislike of change, reaction > [noun] > person

mumpsimus1530

inveteratist1715

reactionary1799

statu quo-ite1816

retrograde1825

redneck1830

stationary1831

stick-in-the-mud1832

reactionist1834

retrogradist1836

retrogressionist1848

mountainy man1851

misoneist1891

reactionarist1907

blimp1934

Neanderthal1966

hard hat1970

1970 Sunday Mail (Brisbane) 14 June 21/2 A ‘Hard Hat’ is a construction worker, but his helmet symbolises all those beefy blue-collar workers who have suddenly become the knuckleduster on the strong right arm of President Nixon's silent majority.]

1970 Washington Post 28 Oct. a1 The..senator received a standing ovation from Women for Peace, a militantly antiwar group opposed to the war stand taken by many hardhats.

1996 Washington Post 28 Apr. c1 I watched the anti-war demonstrations and the march of the hardhats from afar..but my real adolescent political education came from the radio.

2012 P. S. Boyer Amer. Hist.: Very Short Introd. ix. 126 Blue-collar workers, nicknamed ‘hardhats’, organized pro-Nixon rallies and attacked antiwar demonstrators.

Compounds

General attributive and appositive.

C1. (In sense 1.)

ΚΠ

1937 Joplin (Missouri) News Herald 9 Feb. 1/2 Clay was wearing a ‘hard-hat’ safety helmet and was knocked unconscious by the metal piece, which fell 50 feet from a derrick.

1963 A. Lubbock Austral. Roundabout 21 I was given a white tin hat, as it is a regulation that these safety helmets must be worn in the ‘hard hat’ areas of the mines.

1995 Wall St. Jrnl. 22 Dec. a1 Only on a few crucial issues have the Amish ever appealed to members of Congress or federal officials, such as to gain exemption from hard-hat rules.

2007 P. Grose Power to People iv. 53 One hard-hat worker spotted a subcontractor flouting safety procedures.

C2. (In sense 3b.)

ΚΠ

1952 Rhinelander (Wisconsin) Daily News 10 Apr. 4/3 The other day we had a visit from one of the toughest, cigar-smoking, hard-hat politicians in the business.

1970 N.Y. Times 20 Sept. 37 The Nixon Administration's strategy of hard-line, hard-hat appeal to traditional Democrats among blue collar, white ethnic and new suburbanite voters.

2007 Amer. Educ. Res. Jrnl. 44 65 Young people's narratives seemed to contain no place for prowar rallies, hardhat counterdemonstrations, and silent majorities.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	hard hat
释义	hard hatn. Brit. /ˈhɑːd hat/, U.S. /ˈhɑrd ˌhæt/ (in senses 1 and 2 also)Brit. /ˌhɑːd ˈhat/, U.S. /ˌhɑrd ˈhæt/ Forms: see hard adj. and n. and hat n. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: hard adj., hat n. Etymology: < hard adj. + hat n.Sense 3b shows a specific semantic development from sense 3a, with reference to the 1970 demonstrations by construction workers in New York during Richard Nixon's presidency. 1. A rigid protective covering for the head; (in later use) esp. a hat used by those working on or visiting construction sites.In early use: †a helmet (obsolete).Hard hats used on construction sites or in similar settings are now typically made from rigid plastic in a distinctive colour, with a front visor and an internal suspension system to maintain a space between the exterior shell and the wearer's head, and thus spread the force of any impact. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > [noun] > helmet > types of hard hatc1400 smoke helmet1900 crash-helmet1918 skid-lid1958 c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 1209 (MED) Hard hattes þay hent and on hors lepes. c1450 (?a1370) Wynnere & Wastoure (1990) l. 51 (MED) Harde hattes appon hedes and helmys with crestys. 1851 R. S. Surtees Soapey Sponge's Sporting Tour lxxi, in New Monthly Mag. Apr. 486 She has made Mr. Sponge a white silk jacket to ride in..and a cap of the same colour in his hard hat. 1907 Ann. Rep. Govt. Mining Engineer (Transvaal Mines Dept.) 26 The use of hard hats in vertical shafts has, I am convinced, been instrumental in preventing loss of life. 1956 H. M. Newell Dam xvii. 84 Workmen were cocooned in clothing till he couldn't recognize them... Beneath their hard-hats, stocking caps or scarves or kerchiefs tied under their chins. 1978 Irish Times 15 Aug. 11 The Royal Dublin Horse Show..adds up to amusement, learning and unending talk in a hard hat and riding boots. 2013 New Yorker 9 Sept. 34/3 Beside the manhole, you'll be issued some P.P.E.—personal-protection equipment, meaning a hard hat and maybe an orange vest. 2. A type of hat made of hard or stiffened felt; esp. a bowler or derby hat. Now chiefly in historical contexts. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > [noun] > hat > made of specific material > felt > bowler hat pot hat1580 hard hat1845 plug hat1860 bowler1861 billycock1862 boxer1863 bullycock1865 Christy1869 Christy stiff1882 hard hitter1883 pea-dodgera1914 blocker1934 dut1939 bun hat1941 1845 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Jan. 56/2 Accursed be the memory of that fellow Tightfit in Old Bond Street, who used to screw his hats on our cranium when we were young... As you value your comfort, dear reader, never purchase a hard hat. 1861 A. K. H. Boyd Recreat. Country Parson 1st Ser. iv. 119 People..with their hard hats on their heads in the reading-rooms of Royal Exchanges, Athenaeums, and Philosophical Institutions. 1881 Spons' Encycl. Manuf. III. 1117 The style known as ‘plain shape’, i. e. a hard hat having the brim cut to the size, simply receives a binding. 1930 Lethbridge (Alberta) Herald 11 Jan. 4/2 I shed my cow garments an' get into white man's harness. A hard hat, boiled shirt, laced shoes—all the gearin' known to civilized man. 1976 N.Y. Times 4 Apr. xx9/5 The bowler—that first version of the hard hat, with a rounded crown and curved brim made from a mix of rabbit felt and shellac. 2002 Irish Times (Nexis) 23 Jan. 15 The sartorially excellent young gentleman with hard hat and Dickensian long brown leather apron, leading the funeral procession. 3. Originally and chiefly U.S. Usually in form hardhat. a. A person who wears protective headgear; spec. a construction worker. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > builder > [noun] > construction worker hard hat1949 1949 Walla Walla (Washington) Union-Bull. 12 June 22/1 These ‘hard hats’ are here to remake the west. They man the cranes, drive the trucks, nail the wooden forms for concrete, paint the buildings, drive the pilings and do the multitude of other jobs. 1972 D. E. Westlake Cops & Robbers (1973) v. 63 It was one of those huge office buildings being constructed there, and the hardhats kept steady working away at it. 1997 Wall Street Jrnl. (N.Y.) 16 July b10 Hardhats swarm over the concrete foundation of what is to be Citibank's London headquarters. 2012 Daily News (N.Y.) (Nexis) 1 Feb. 12 A hardhat working in Brooklyn subway station was clinging to life Tuesday after a chunk of concrete crashed on his head. b. A reactionary or conservative person; a person who is actively and outspokenly opposed to nonconformists.Originally used with particular reference to the 1970 demonstrations by construction workers in New York during Richard Nixon's presidency. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > expressed belief, opinion > bias, prejudice > dislike of change, reaction > [noun] > person mumpsimus1530 inveteratist1715 reactionary1799 statu quo-ite1816 retrograde1825 redneck1830 stationary1831 stick-in-the-mud1832 reactionist1834 retrogradist1836 retrogressionist1848 mountainy man1851 misoneist1891 reactionarist1907 blimp1934 Neanderthal1966 hard hat1970 1970 Sunday Mail (Brisbane) 14 June 21/2 A ‘Hard Hat’ is a construction worker, but his helmet symbolises all those beefy blue-collar workers who have suddenly become the knuckleduster on the strong right arm of President Nixon's silent majority.] 1970 Washington Post 28 Oct. a1 The..senator received a standing ovation from Women for Peace, a militantly antiwar group opposed to the war stand taken by many hardhats. 1996 Washington Post 28 Apr. c1 I watched the anti-war demonstrations and the march of the hardhats from afar..but my real adolescent political education came from the radio. 2012 P. S. Boyer Amer. Hist.: Very Short Introd. ix. 126 Blue-collar workers, nicknamed ‘hardhats’, organized pro-Nixon rallies and attacked antiwar demonstrators. Compounds General attributive and appositive. C1. (In sense 1.) ΚΠ 1937 Joplin (Missouri) News Herald 9 Feb. 1/2 Clay was wearing a ‘hard-hat’ safety helmet and was knocked unconscious by the metal piece, which fell 50 feet from a derrick. 1963 A. Lubbock Austral. Roundabout 21 I was given a white tin hat, as it is a regulation that these safety helmets must be worn in the ‘hard hat’ areas of the mines. 1995 Wall St. Jrnl. 22 Dec. a1 Only on a few crucial issues have the Amish ever appealed to members of Congress or federal officials, such as to gain exemption from hard-hat rules. 2007 P. Grose Power to People iv. 53 One hard-hat worker spotted a subcontractor flouting safety procedures. C2. (In sense 3b.) ΚΠ 1952 Rhinelander (Wisconsin) Daily News 10 Apr. 4/3 The other day we had a visit from one of the toughest, cigar-smoking, hard-hat politicians in the business. 1970 N.Y. Times 20 Sept. 37 The Nixon Administration's strategy of hard-line, hard-hat appeal to traditional Democrats among blue collar, white ethnic and new suburbanite voters. 2007 Amer. Educ. Res. Jrnl. 44 65 Young people's narratives seemed to contain no place for prowar rallies, hardhat counterdemonstrations, and silent majorities. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1400
随便看	undishonored undishonoured undisinheritable undisjoined undisjointed undislocated undislodged undismantled undismayable undismayed undismembered undismissed undisobliging undisonant undisordered undisparaged undispatchable undispatched undispatching undispellable undispelled undispended undispensable undispensably undispensed