hard linen.int.adj.

Brit.

/ˌhɑːd ˈlʌɪn/, U.S.

/ˌhɑrd ˈlaɪn/

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: hard adj., line n.²

Etymology: < hard adj. + line n.²

A. n. (and int.)

1. In plural, as hard lines. With plural and (later usually) singular agreement.

†a. Harsh, strict, or severe treatment or punishment, esp. of a type that does not allow concession or reprieve. Obsolete.In later use merging into sense A. 1b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > harshness or severity > [noun] > act or instance of

reddoura1375

raddourc1440

severitya1538

hard lines1695

1695 Πατρὸς Κάτοπτρα καὶ Παιδὸς Γονυκλισία 13 These are hard lines, when Parents will not suffer their Children to speak one word to pacifie their Wrath.

1716 M. Davies Athenæ Britannicæ I. 313 He..was required to castrate himself, by order of K. James the First..and the castration it self was to be subject to a future Royal Inspection: These were hard Lines.

1758 ‘Mrs. Richwould’ South Sea Fortune I. xii. 180 All that remained of my subscription would fall short by five thousand pounds... This you'll say, added my father, was very hard lines.

1841 Fraser's Mag. June 641/2 ‘Listen!’ cried our jailor: ‘Here you will be kept without food or drink..and when you have given all up..then you may go about your business.’ This is what I call ‘precious hard lines.’

1875 Chem. News 3 Dec. 270/1 Are they not ‘hard lines’ which condemn a man unfit for his post just because in a fit of bewilderment he made a statement which was absurd?

1928 Manch. Guardian 27 Nov. 9 It seems very hard lines that one should have to do penance for the sins of other people... He has been eating the food of a coolie, and sleeping upon the bare floor instead of in his luxurious Occidental bed, as a rite of self-abasement.

b. Bad luck, misfortune; difficult or straitened circumstances, esp. expressing (sometimes ironic) commiseration. Also as int. Cf. hard luck n. [Probably nautical in origin; now often associated with line n.² 4c: compare e.g. quot. 1865 at line n.² 4c.]

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > adversity > calamity or misfortune > [noun] > misfortune or ill-luck

un-i-limpOE

unlimpc1175

mishap?c1225

unhap?c1225

mishappeningc1230

ames-ace?a1300

misadventure?a1300

ill hailc1300

misauntera1325

untiminga1325

miscasec1325

mischancec1325

misfall1340

misfarea1387

casec1390

infortunea1393

mishapping?a1400

unchancea1400

disadventurea1413

mischieving1432

infortuny?a1439

encumbermentc1440

misfortune1441

evil hail?c1450

malfortunea1470

unhappiness1470

maleurtee?1473

malheur?1473

evil health1477

unfortune1483

wanfortunea1500

disfortune1509

wanhap1513

ill, evil ch(i)eving?1518

mislucka1530

ill luck1548

unfortunacy?c1550

evilfare1556

unluck1556

hard luck1567

bad luck1575

miscasualty1588

disgrace1590

wanchance1599

disventure1612

misaccident1620

miscarriagec1625

hard lines1722

mishanter1754

malefit1755

miscanter1781

hard cheese1854

hard cheddar1893

schlimazel1911

tough luck1912

snake eyes1918

catch-arse1970

1722 O. Dykes Royal Marriage vii. 85 It [sc. Poverty] sometimes afflicts like a judicial Fatality..These are very hard Lines in Truth!

1788 Times 5 Mar. i. 3 If a man be a very mechanical man indeed, he will often complain, ‘these are hard lines!’

1857 C. Kingsley Two Years Ago I. iv. 110 'Gad, Sir, that was hard lines! to have all the pretty women one had waltzed with..holding round one's knees, and screaming to the doctor to save them.

1892 Daily Times-Enterprise (Thomasville, Georgia) 12 Feb. 1/4 The Mortimer company are in hard lines. They have been forced to cut their season.

1903 A. C. Smedley April Princess ix. 160 ‘Three years again, I bet on the farthest, rottenest station that Admiralty knows, God bless 'em!’ said the Little Lieutenant... ‘Oh, hard lines!’ said the Princess.

1985 J. Kelman Chancer (1987) 90 Tammas grinned. He remained standing, his hands on the edge of the table. I saw your result in the paper—hard lines.

2008 C. Matthews Welcome to Real World xxvii. 153 Hope this is an adequate outfit for a Royal Variety Performance. If it isn't, it's hard lines, because it's the only one I've got.

2. A strict or inflexible policy, belief, stance, etc.; (also) an uncompromising adherence to such a policy. Frequently in to take a hard line.

ΚΠ

1870 Echo 13 Dec. 2/3 A limitation as to age prevents him..from offering his services... A hard line makes it impossible for him to be admitted to Deacon's Orders, until he is of the age of three-and-twenty.

1875 Guardian 29 Dec. 1666/1 Some may think the writer took a hard line, and spoke with unnecessary rigour in condemning practices with which he did not sympathise.

1950 N.Y. Times 15 Mar. 3/5 Mr Grew wanted to take a hard line in prosecuting the espionage charges.

1985 N.Y. Times 10 Aug. 25 When you get caught, you'll pay the full penalty. Is this a hard line? Absolutely.

2008 W. Kehl Passion for Leadership v. 79 He made an instinctive decision to take a hard line in order to show that he meant business.

B. adj.

Usually hyphenated or as one word. Adhering to or supporting a severe or inflexible policy, belief, etc., that does not allow concession or reprieve. Frequently in political contexts. Cf. hard adj. 22a, hardshell adj. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > decision > obstinacy or stubbornness > [adjective] > inflexible

ironOE

stour1303

strange1338

unmovablea1382

inflexible1398

stoutc1410

unpliablea1425

intreatable1509

stiff1526

stiff-necked1526

unpliant1547

stout-hearted1552

inexorable1553

obstinate1559

strait-laced1560

impersuasible1576

unflexiblea1586

hard-edged1589

adamantive1594

unyielding1594

adder-deaf1597

steeled1600

irrefragable1601

rigid1606

unpersuadable1607

imployable1613

unswayablea1616

uncompellable1623

inflexive?1624

over-rigid1632

unlimbera1639

seta1640

incomplying1640

uncomplying1643

stiff-girt1659

impersuadable1680

unbendinga1688

impracticable1713

unblendable1716

stiff-rumped1728

unconvinciblea1747

uncompounding1782

unplastic1787

unbending1796

adamant1816

uneasy1819

uncompromising1828

cast iron1829

hard-hitting1831

rigoristic1844

ramrod1850

pincé1858

anchylosed1860

unbendable1884

tape-bound1900

tape-tied1900

hard line1903

tough1905

absolutist1907

hard-arsed1942

go-for-broke1946

hardcore1951

hard-arse1966

hard-ass1967

hardball1974

1903 Philos. Rev. 12 135 This they do by their way of distinguishing the subjective and the objective, by their too hard-line division of the so-called ‘faculties’.

1962 Times Lit. Suppl. 21 Dec. 992/5 The ‘hard-line’ periodical Literatura i zhizn, which has up to now dealt exclusively with the literature of the Russian Federation, will close down.

1996 S. Kasmir Myth of Mondragón vii. 186 Their critical style earned them the reputation of being too hardline.

2012 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 23 Feb. 12/3 Theresa May, the home secretary,..told the party conference that it had to shift its image of being ‘the Nasty Party’—in other words, turn from its hard-line Thatcherism.

Compounds

hard line money n. Nautical (historical in later use) extra pay in compensation for the danger and discomfort of service life; cf. danger money n. at danger n. and adj. Compounds 2, hard lyers n. at hard adj. and n. Compounds 4.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > payment for labour or service > [noun] > sailor's pay > additional payments

primage1476

prime gilt1576

pinch-gut money1660

hat money1676

conduct-money1702

hard line money1886

hard-lying money1890

hard lyers1916

1886 Pall Mall Gaz. 19 Aug. 2/1 Besides, there is hard-line money, which makes up for a good many discomforts.

1905 Army & Navy Reg. 18 Nov. 3 Destroyer and torpedo boat officers and enlisted men in the leading navies of the world receive extra pay, colloquially known in the English service as 'hard-line money'.

1992 N.Y. Times 12 July vi. 10/1 Hard lines was a British nautical expression meaning ‘bad luck’—hard line money was hardship pay.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	hard line
释义	hard linen.int.adj. Brit. /ˌhɑːd ˈlʌɪn/, U.S. /ˌhɑrd ˈlaɪn/ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: hard adj., line n.² Etymology: < hard adj. + line n.² A. n. (and int.) 1. In plural, as hard lines. With plural and (later usually) singular agreement. †a. Harsh, strict, or severe treatment or punishment, esp. of a type that does not allow concession or reprieve. Obsolete.In later use merging into sense A. 1b. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > harshness or severity > [noun] > act or instance of reddoura1375 raddourc1440 severitya1538 hard lines1695 1695 Πατρὸς Κάτοπτρα καὶ Παιδὸς Γονυκλισία 13 These are hard lines, when Parents will not suffer their Children to speak one word to pacifie their Wrath. 1716 M. Davies Athenæ Britannicæ I. 313 He..was required to castrate himself, by order of K. James the First..and the castration it self was to be subject to a future Royal Inspection: These were hard Lines. 1758 ‘Mrs. Richwould’ South Sea Fortune I. xii. 180 All that remained of my subscription would fall short by five thousand pounds... This you'll say, added my father, was very hard lines. 1841 Fraser's Mag. June 641/2 ‘Listen!’ cried our jailor: ‘Here you will be kept without food or drink..and when you have given all up..then you may go about your business.’ This is what I call ‘precious hard lines.’ 1875 Chem. News 3 Dec. 270/1 Are they not ‘hard lines’ which condemn a man unfit for his post just because in a fit of bewilderment he made a statement which was absurd? 1928 Manch. Guardian 27 Nov. 9 It seems very hard lines that one should have to do penance for the sins of other people... He has been eating the food of a coolie, and sleeping upon the bare floor instead of in his luxurious Occidental bed, as a rite of self-abasement. b. Bad luck, misfortune; difficult or straitened circumstances, esp. expressing (sometimes ironic) commiseration. Also as int. Cf. hard luck n. [Probably nautical in origin; now often associated with line n.² 4c: compare e.g. quot. 1865 at line n.² 4c.] ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > adversity > calamity or misfortune > [noun] > misfortune or ill-luck un-i-limpOE unlimpc1175 mishap?c1225 unhap?c1225 mishappeningc1230 ames-ace?a1300 misadventure?a1300 ill hailc1300 misauntera1325 untiminga1325 miscasec1325 mischancec1325 misfall1340 misfarea1387 casec1390 infortunea1393 mishapping?a1400 unchancea1400 disadventurea1413 mischieving1432 infortuny?a1439 encumbermentc1440 misfortune1441 evil hail?c1450 malfortunea1470 unhappiness1470 maleurtee?1473 malheur?1473 evil health1477 unfortune1483 wanfortunea1500 disfortune1509 wanhap1513 ill, evil ch(i)eving?1518 mislucka1530 ill luck1548 unfortunacy?c1550 evilfare1556 unluck1556 hard luck1567 bad luck1575 miscasualty1588 disgrace1590 wanchance1599 disventure1612 misaccident1620 miscarriagec1625 hard lines1722 mishanter1754 malefit1755 miscanter1781 hard cheese1854 hard cheddar1893 schlimazel1911 tough luck1912 snake eyes1918 catch-arse1970 1722 O. Dykes Royal Marriage vii. 85 It [sc. Poverty] sometimes afflicts like a judicial Fatality..These are very hard Lines in Truth! 1788 Times 5 Mar. i. 3 If a man be a very mechanical man indeed, he will often complain, ‘these are hard lines!’ 1857 C. Kingsley Two Years Ago I. iv. 110 'Gad, Sir, that was hard lines! to have all the pretty women one had waltzed with..holding round one's knees, and screaming to the doctor to save them. 1892 Daily Times-Enterprise (Thomasville, Georgia) 12 Feb. 1/4 The Mortimer company are in hard lines. They have been forced to cut their season. 1903 A. C. Smedley April Princess ix. 160 ‘Three years again, I bet on the farthest, rottenest station that Admiralty knows, God bless 'em!’ said the Little Lieutenant... ‘Oh, hard lines!’ said the Princess. 1985 J. Kelman Chancer (1987) 90 Tammas grinned. He remained standing, his hands on the edge of the table. I saw your result in the paper—hard lines. 2008 C. Matthews Welcome to Real World xxvii. 153 Hope this is an adequate outfit for a Royal Variety Performance. If it isn't, it's hard lines, because it's the only one I've got. 2. A strict or inflexible policy, belief, stance, etc.; (also) an uncompromising adherence to such a policy. Frequently in to take a hard line. ΚΠ 1870 Echo 13 Dec. 2/3 A limitation as to age prevents him..from offering his services... A hard line makes it impossible for him to be admitted to Deacon's Orders, until he is of the age of three-and-twenty. 1875 Guardian 29 Dec. 1666/1 Some may think the writer took a hard line, and spoke with unnecessary rigour in condemning practices with which he did not sympathise. 1950 N.Y. Times 15 Mar. 3/5 Mr Grew wanted to take a hard line in prosecuting the espionage charges. 1985 N.Y. Times 10 Aug. 25 When you get caught, you'll pay the full penalty. Is this a hard line? Absolutely. 2008 W. Kehl Passion for Leadership v. 79 He made an instinctive decision to take a hard line in order to show that he meant business. B. adj. Usually hyphenated or as one word. Adhering to or supporting a severe or inflexible policy, belief, etc., that does not allow concession or reprieve. Frequently in political contexts. Cf. hard adj. 22a, hardshell adj. 2. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > decision > obstinacy or stubbornness > [adjective] > inflexible ironOE stour1303 strange1338 unmovablea1382 inflexible1398 stoutc1410 unpliablea1425 intreatable1509 stiff1526 stiff-necked1526 unpliant1547 stout-hearted1552 inexorable1553 obstinate1559 strait-laced1560 impersuasible1576 unflexiblea1586 hard-edged1589 adamantive1594 unyielding1594 adder-deaf1597 steeled1600 irrefragable1601 rigid1606 unpersuadable1607 imployable1613 unswayablea1616 uncompellable1623 inflexive?1624 over-rigid1632 unlimbera1639 seta1640 incomplying1640 uncomplying1643 stiff-girt1659 impersuadable1680 unbendinga1688 impracticable1713 unblendable1716 stiff-rumped1728 unconvinciblea1747 uncompounding1782 unplastic1787 unbending1796 adamant1816 uneasy1819 uncompromising1828 cast iron1829 hard-hitting1831 rigoristic1844 ramrod1850 pincé1858 anchylosed1860 unbendable1884 tape-bound1900 tape-tied1900 hard line1903 tough1905 absolutist1907 hard-arsed1942 go-for-broke1946 hardcore1951 hard-arse1966 hard-ass1967 hardball1974 1903 Philos. Rev. 12 135 This they do by their way of distinguishing the subjective and the objective, by their too hard-line division of the so-called ‘faculties’. 1962 Times Lit. Suppl. 21 Dec. 992/5 The ‘hard-line’ periodical Literatura i zhizn, which has up to now dealt exclusively with the literature of the Russian Federation, will close down. 1996 S. Kasmir Myth of Mondragón vii. 186 Their critical style earned them the reputation of being too hardline. 2012 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 23 Feb. 12/3 Theresa May, the home secretary,..told the party conference that it had to shift its image of being ‘the Nasty Party’—in other words, turn from its hard-line Thatcherism. Compounds hard line money n. Nautical (historical in later use) extra pay in compensation for the danger and discomfort of service life; cf. danger money n. at danger n. and adj. Compounds 2, hard lyers n. at hard adj. and n. Compounds 4. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > payment for labour or service > [noun] > sailor's pay > additional payments primage1476 prime gilt1576 pinch-gut money1660 hat money1676 conduct-money1702 hard line money1886 hard-lying money1890 hard lyers1916 1886 Pall Mall Gaz. 19 Aug. 2/1 Besides, there is hard-line money, which makes up for a good many discomforts. 1905 Army & Navy Reg. 18 Nov. 3 Destroyer and torpedo boat officers and enlisted men in the leading navies of the world receive extra pay, colloquially known in the English service as 'hard-line money'. 1992 N.Y. Times 12 July vi. 10/1 Hard lines was a British nautical expression meaning ‘bad luck’—hard line money was hardship pay. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.int.adj.1695
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