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单词 hard up
释义

hard upadj.n.

Brit. /ˌhɑːd ˈʌp/, U.S. /ˌhɑrd ˈəp/
Forms: see hard adv. and up adv.1
Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: hard adv., up adv.1
Etymology: < hard adv. + up adv.1With the use in sense B. 3 compare earlier hard n. 9, hard-on n.
A. adj.
colloquial (originally slang). Short of money; poorly off (for something); in a state of want.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > poverty > [adjective] > poor > lacking money
to the boneOE
silverlessc1325
pennilessc1330
moneylessc1400
impecunious1596
crossless1600
penceless1605
unmoneyed1606
coinless1614
emptya1643
out of pocket1679
money-bound1710
broke1716
embarrassed1744
stiver cramped1785
plackless1786
taper1789
poundlessa1794
shillingless1797
unpennied1804
fundless1809
impecuniary1814
hard up1821
soldier-thighed1825
cashless1833
stiverless1839
fly-blown1853
strapped1857
stick1859
tight1859
stone-broke1886
stony1886
oofless1888
stony-broke1890
motherless1906
penny-pinched1918
skinned1924
skint1925
on the beach1935
potless1936
boracic1959
uptight1967
brassic1982
1821 Life D. Haggart 104 There I met in with two Edinburgh snibs, who were hard up.
1829 Edinb. Lit. Jrnl. 18 July 96/1 [He] is what may be termed a hard-up cove,—that is, he is generally a tailor's day's work behind his brethren in point o' toggery.
1841 T. De Quincey Style: No. IV in Blackwood's Mag. Feb. 225/1 As ‘hard up’ for water as the Mecca caravan.
1853 C. Dickens Bleak House xi. 100 He was in wants of copying work to do, and was..hard up!
1906 Chicago Sunday Tribune 1 July (Worker's Mag. section) 6/6 He gets so hard up that he cannot continue payments on his policy.
1920 M. Pedler Hermit of Far End iii. 43 They were deadly hard-up. So hard-up, that when they died..they left nothing behind them but debts.
1988 M. Gallant in M. Atwood Best Amer. Short Stories 1989 (1989) 151 I was so hard up for something to say that I translated the inscription under the picture.
2007 Independent 18 June 27/3 Shadowy operators who persuade hard-up artists to paint in sweatshop conditions.
B. n.
1. colloquial (originally slang). Chiefly in plural. A hard-up person. Also (with the and plural agreement): hard-up people collectively.In quot. 1830 apparently: a name given to a gang of ruffians in the northwest of England.
ΚΠ
1830 Bell's Life in London 10 Jan. Levi then claimed the stakes, but the hard-ups seemed determined to Barney it.
1850 Era 5 May 11/2 The plaintiff..appeared a truthful exponent of provincial theatrical ‘hard-ups’, for sharp misery had worn him to the bone.
1906 G. R. Sims Living London (rev. ed.) II. 37/1 It will be seen that the pawnbrokers supply the ‘hard-ups’ of London annually with the very large sum of £8,304,000.
1957 Manch. Guardian 4 May 5/4 Not even the hard-up are debarred from the chance of winning a fortune: he who cannot afford a whole ticket may buy a fraction of one.
1999 Y. M. Murray What it takes to get to Vegas xi. 187 All the ladies joined, not just the hard-ups from Eastern Ave looking for free food.
2011 Economist (Electronic ed.) 25 June 80 Even in one of the world's richest countries the hard-up represent a huge and growing market.
2. slang. Originally: †a person who extracts tobacco from discarded cigar or cigarette ends in order to sell or barter it (obsolete). Later: tobacco of this kind; (more usually) a cigarette made from this.Originally in the language of tramps.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > tobacco > [noun] > made from cigarette ends
hard up1851
navy1872
1851 H. Mayhew London Labour I. 3/2 The cigar-end finders, or ‘hard-ups’, as they are called.
1866 Temple Bar Mar. 503 They will diligently enquire of any old ‘chum’, if he has got any ‘hard-up’ to sell... Some man perhaps has got a large bundle of hard-up, and gives part to the old man, who in return gives him some bread.
1887 A. Barrère Argot & Slang 257/1 Mégottier, one whose trade is to collect cigar or cigarette ends, a ‘hard up’.
1905 Daily Chron. 17 May 6/7 In tramp phrase they [sc. cigar and cigarette ends] are known as ‘hard-ups’, and are smoked along the road.
1933 ‘G. Orwell’ Down & Out xxxii. 236 Hard-up—tobacco made from cigarette ends.
1995 B. Gifford Baby Cat-face 126 Sailor stubbed out the end of his cigarette on the wall and dropped the butt back into the pack for hard-ups.
3. slang. = hard-on n. 1 Now rare.In some instances probably simply uses of hard n. 9 in collocation with up.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sexual relations > sexual activity > [noun] > erection
elevation1543
erection1594
tentigoa1603
Jack1604
stand1608
surgation1688
cockstandc1890
hard-on1898
hard1927
boner1936
hard up1937
bone-on1969
morning-glory1985
1937 E. Partridge Dict. Slang 375/2 Have a hard up, to have a priapism.
1971 D. Goines Dopefiend vi. 80 He mounted her with the intention of riding her roughly, but he couldn't get a hard up.
1979 N. Carolina Rep. 297 444 I got down to f— her, and the blood made me sick and I could not get a hard up.
1984 P. Beale Partridge's Dict. Slang (ed. 8) 532/1 Hard-up,..7. An erection, esp. in have a hard-up: low: late C.19–early 20; superseded by hard-on.]

Derivatives

ˌhard-ˈupness n.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > poverty > [noun] > lack of money
pence-lackc1400
a short purse1548
disability1624
low tide1699
embarrassment1727
impecuniosity1818
soldier's thigh1841
pennilessness1852
hard-uppishness1859
hard-upness1869
ooflessness1889
1869 Judy 7 Apr. 247/2 Fact is, you see, I'm in a state of chronic hard-upness.
1888 J. McCarthy & R. C. Praed Ladies' Gallery II. i. 8 My old familiar condition of hard-up-ness.
1951 E. Crankshaw Cracks in Kremlin Wall iii. 153 It is useless to think of Russia today otherwise than in terms of desperate, to us inconceivable, hard-upness.
2006 Birmingham Post (Nexis) 12 Dec. 13 Another completely new museum..which far from sharing the general hard-upness of the West Midlands appears to have more purchasing power than the National Gallery.
ˌhard-ˈuppishness n. (also hard-upishness) colloquial (now rare)
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > poverty > [noun] > lack of money
pence-lackc1400
a short purse1548
disability1624
low tide1699
embarrassment1727
impecuniosity1818
soldier's thigh1841
pennilessness1852
hard-uppishness1859
hard-upness1869
ooflessness1889
1859 D. G. Rossetti Let. 23 June (1965) I. 353 As for hardupishness..I have been literally penniless for two days.
1870 G. A. Sala Dickens 45 The occasional ‘harduppishness’ of a young man striving to attain a position.
1908 E. Phillpotts Human Boy Again xii, 298 It was the well-known hard-upishness of Thwaites that made him think a pound would do.
1923 Musical Times 64 179/1 If hard-uppishness is a disability, it is one from which many admirable composers and performers suffer no less than critics.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2015; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

> as lemmas

hard up
b. Nautical. With reference to the steering or manoeuvring of a ship: right (round) to the specified position or direction, in hard-alee, hard-a-port, hard-a-starboard, hard up (cf. up adv.1 6e), etc. (frequently as a command).The adverbial phrases are occasionally used as verbs: see hard-a-port v., hard-a-starboard v.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > steering > [adjective] > specific position of tiller
hard up1745
steady1816
c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) vi. 32 Hail doune the steir burde lufe harde a burde.
1625 M. Pring in S. Purchas Pilgrimes I. v. vii. 651 We put the helme hard aweather, thinking that the ship would haue come round, but all in vaine.
1689 M. Taubman Londons Great Jubilee 10 Helm a Lee, starboard, hard a Port, thus, keep her thus.
1707 London Gaz. No. 4380/2 We clap'd our Helm hard a Starboard.
1745 Def. made by John Ambrose 5 I began to engage the Enemy, and continued to do all in my Power to get nigher to them, yawing the Ship, and ordering the Helm to be put hard up, sometimes the one Way, and sometimes the other.
1788 J.-N. de Sauseuil tr. J. Bourdé de Villehuet Manœuverer ii. ix. 116 The helm put hard a-lee, and the head sheets let fly.
1808 M. L. Weems Life G. Washington (ed. 6) xi. 137 Washington then boldly seized the helm, and with a hard-a-lee, luffed up his ship at once to the gale.
1835 ‘F. Grummet’ Grummett's Log 127 The sonorous and deep voice of Captain Dashall exclaimed, ‘Hard a port the helm!’ The tiller was instantly jammed hard over.
1839 F. Marryat Phantom Ship I. x. 216 Hard a-port! flatten in forward!
1874 F. G. D. Bedford Sailor's Pocket Bk. x. 310 Hard up the helm... La barre au vent.
1913 W. B. Meloney Girl of Golden Gate xxx. 283Hard up! Hard up!’ cried Paul in alarm. Blindly Emily recovered herself and put the helm up. The Daphne fell off before the wind.
1990 J. Updike Rabbit at Rest i. 128 What I'm going to do is something called coming about, hard alee.
2000 Vanity Fair May 96/2 He turned to the man at the Dauphin's wheel and ordered, ‘Hard up the helm’.
extracted from hardadv.
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adj.n.1821
as lemmas
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