hard wordn.

Brit.

/hɑːd ˈwəːd/, U.S.

/ˈhɑrd ˈwərd/

Forms: see hard adj. and n. and word n. and int.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: hard adj., word n.

Etymology: < hard adj. + word n.

1. A harsh or unkind word or (in early use) utterance; an insult; a reprimand. In later use only in plural: words indicative or expressive of hostility or dispute.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrespect > insult > [noun] > an insult

bismer971

unworshipc1200

hard wordc1225

despite1297

dishonourc1320

conteckc1380

reproofa1382

filthc1400

rebukec1425

contumelyc1450

probrec1460

reproacha1513

abusion1570

disgrace1586

affront1588

mockery1603

disobligement1635

disobligation1655

contumelacy1657

insult1671

humps and grumps1727

foul-mouthing1821

mudball1846

slam1884

burn1942

a kick in the teeth1972

c1225 (?OE) Soul's Addr. to Body (Worcester) (Fragm. G) l. 22 Heo heou mid hearde worde ond [huned]e þa wrecches.

c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 215 (MED) Me is leouere þet ȝe þolien wel an heard word þen an heard here.

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 257 Þe þornes þet prikieþ, be-tokneþ harde wordes and prekiinde, heruore [perh. read hueruore] me ssel wyþnime þe missiggeres.

c1390 (?c1350) Joseph of Arimathie (1871) l. 343 (MED) He sprong in his sputison [i.e. disputation] and speek harde wordes.

1493 Tretyse of Loue (de Worde) sig. Hv/1 Suffre Ioyfulli a hard worde whan men say to the for the loue of me.

1574 J. Whitgift Def. Aunswere to Admon. 19 If peace had bin so precious vnto you..you woulde not haue brought so many hard wordes, bitter reproches..to double and treble the heate of contention.

?c1650 tr. ‘Tobias’ Mirabilia Opera Dei iii. 14 In the presence of his Father [they] rebuked the childe with many hard words.

1728 J. Anderson Dialogue Curat & Country-man 21 Countr. You unfeignedly assent and consent to a manifest Untruth, and a manifest Contradiction. Cur. These are hard Words, Gossip.

1827 C. Bury Flirtation III. ix. 334 He gave me abusive language, and called me a gipsy scoundrel, and many hard words that I would not take from him nor no man.

1875 London Society Christmas No. 17/1 Iviry wan uset t' be givin' her the hard word afther her goin' aff that-a-way.

1891 B. Stoker Snake's Pass xvi He would send the hard word round the country about me and my leman.

1898 B. Kirkby Lakeland Words 67 Hard-word, abuse. He gat t' hard word frae t' maister.

1907 Bull. Amer. Geogr. Soc. 39 181 There are also hard words, mayhap leading to blows, between these loyal Carolinians and their overlords..about commercial and political rights.

1995 I. Crewe & A. King SDP (1997) iv. 77 Misunderstandings were frequent, tempers were frayed, hard words were spoken.

2. A word which is difficult to understand or spell. In early use also: †a statement which is difficult to interpret (cf. word n. 1a) (obsolete).In quot. 1533 paraphrasing the biblical use in John 6:60: ‘This is an herde sayinge. Who can abyde the hearynge of it?’ (Tyndale).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > linguistic unit > word > [noun] > other specific types of word

hard word1533

household word1574

magic word1581

grandam words1598

signal word1645

book worda1670

wordie1718

my whole1777

foundling1827–38

keyword1827

Mesopotamia1827

thought-word1844

word-symbol1852

nursery word1853

pivot word1865

rattler1865

object word1876

pillow word1877

nonce-word1884

non-word1893

fossil1901

blessed word1910

bogy-word1919

catch-all1922

pseudo-word1929

false friend1931

plus word1939

descriptor1946

meta-word1952

discourse marker1967

shrub2008

1533 T. More Answere Poysened Bk. i. xx. f. xc They murmured at the secund poynt, in that he shewed them so playnely y^t he wold geue them his very flesshe to be theyr very mete, & sayd how can he gyue vs his flesh to eate. And many of his dysciples sayd also, this is an hard word, & who may here hym.

?1568 J. Olde Conf. Fayth sig. E.v^v (side note) His exposition and [prob. read of] the hard wordes & commune places.

1574 J. Baret Aluearie (title page) By the two Tables..so to turne them backwardes againe into Englishe when they reade any Latin or French Aucthors, & doubt of any harde worde therein.

1607 J. Cowell Interpreter To Rdrs. sig. * 4 If I haue either omitted any hard word within my circuit, or set it downe not expounded; I giue you good leaue to impute the one to my negligence, the other to mine ignorance.

1674 W. Charleton Nat. Hist. Passions 52 This I think (as many other of their superfine distinctions doe) sounds like nothing put into hard words.

1721 J. Swift Let. to Young Gentleman 6 Obscure Terms, which by the Women are called Hard Words.

1767 A. Campbell Lexiphanes Ded. p. xvii Those Lexiphaneses, those Shiners, those Dealers in hard words.

1840 Congress. Globe 5 May 367/1 The gentleman had brought up many hard words, which he said he could scarcely spell, nor pronounce them after he had spelt them.

1925 G. P. Krapp Eng. Lang. in Amer. I. vii. 357 The dictionary..omitted many familiar words, and thus took on somewhat the character of a dictionary of hard words.

2004 Times Lit. Suppl. 24 Sept. 15/3 The kind of stuffed shirt who thinks Australians are funny when they try to use hard words.

3. Chiefly colloquial. With the.

a. Originally Irish English; later also Australian. A hint, a tip-off; a piece of inside information; a password. Now rare (chiefly in historical contexts).

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > indication > that which identifies or distinguishes > word or cry > [noun] > password

token1377

worda1500

watchworda1513

countersign1598

nayworda1616

tessera1647

counter-word1678

password1799

hard word1830

token pledge1896

tryst-word1896

1804 A. Cherry Soldier's Daughter iii. i. 40 He swears he'll follow and blow you up as high as Cape Finisterre. So I thought I'd trot on before and give you the hard word.

1805 H. Keneritz Swindling Unmasked 22 Mr. N——, being jealous of the new firm; gave the purchaser the hard word, and spoiled their trade.

1830 W. Carleton Traits & Stories Irish Peasantry I. 145 So I gives Jack the hard word [sc. password].

1851 W. J. O'Neill Daunt Gentleman in Debt I. vii. 114 There's three parties of them watching your honour..I'm sure they got the hard word that your honour was out.

1917 Referee (Sydney) 25 Apr. 11/2 There is no doubt whatever now that we have got the hard word on the Huns all along the line.

1927 Anglo-Celt (Cavan, Ireland) 24 Dec. 10/4 His errand to the tower was to send the hard word to the scattered forces he commanded to meet him at the ‘boolie’ of wooded Kilmore the following night.

1973 P. O'Brian HMS Surprise (1996) vii. 251 My Parsee..assured me that if only he had the hard word about Linois's whereabouts, he and his associates would make lakh upon lakh of rupees.

b. Irish English. Esp. in to say the hard word. A proposal of marriage. Now rare.

ΚΠ

1899 E. Œ. Somerville & ‘M. Ross’ Some Experiences Irish R.M. vi. 123 It was but little under five years from that autumn evening..when I had said what is called in Ireland ‘the hard word’, to the day in August when I was led to the altar by my best man.

1909 Blue Mountain Echo (Katoomba, New S. Wales) 18 Sept. 12/3 As..Dermot's month drew to a close, he said, what we call in Ireland, ‘the hard word’.

c. A blunt refusal to accede to a request, esp. for money. Now rare.

ΚΠ

1901 B. Kirkby in Eng. Dial. Dict. (1902) III. 63/1 [Westmorland] Ah assed him for a shillin', an' he gev mi t'hard-word.

1925 Irish Monthly Feb. 68 They might just as well ask the Ministry of Finance for the money cost as ask their own parents and households. They would get ‘the hard word’ quickly enough.

d. Australian and New Zealand colloquial. An importunate request, esp. for money. Esp. in to put the hard word on: to ask insistently for a favour or a loan; (sometimes) spec. to proposition sexually.

ΚΠ

1913 Farmer & Settler (New S. Wales) 14 Nov. 3/3 Country Party men in Liverpool Plains electorate should put ‘the hard word’ on Mr. Perrett.

1934 N.Z. Herald 25 June 4/2 He seemed to experience an unusual diffidence in putting in the hard word, and so I concluded that his demands must be more than usually exorbitant.

1959 S. J. Baker Drum iv. 38 Establishing a suitable vantage point to ‘put the hard word on’ her.

1970 N.Z. Listener 21 Dec. 8/3 ‘Don't you think hitching's a little dangerous for females?’ ‘Well, some sheilas I know have had the hard word put on them.’

1989 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 28 Aug. (Computers section) 1 He has promised to put the hard word on Canon for me for a scanner on loan.

2010 R. Fitzgerald My Name is Ross vi. 98 One of the many reasons that we are still together is that she put the hard word on me, and not vice versa.

Compounds

General attributive (in sense 2), esp. with reference to dictionaries dealing with such words.

ΚΠ

1933 M. M. Mathews Surv. Eng. Dict. iii. 32 The ‘hard word’ tradition in dictionary making persisted for a century and a half after the publication of Cawdrey's Table in 1604.

1957 Exhib. Lat.-Eng. & Eng.-Lat. Word Lists & Dict. (Univ. Illinois Libr.) 22 The title page [of Blount's Glossographia] announced that it was a ‘hard word’ dictionary.

1997 Amer. Speech 72 430 The seventeenth century published mostly ‘hard word’ dictionaries.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2015; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	hard word
释义	hard wordn. Brit. /hɑːd ˈwəːd/, U.S. /ˈhɑrd ˈwərd/ Forms: see hard adj. and n. and word n. and int. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: hard adj., word n. Etymology: < hard adj. + word n. 1. A harsh or unkind word or (in early use) utterance; an insult; a reprimand. In later use only in plural: words indicative or expressive of hostility or dispute. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrespect > insult > [noun] > an insult bismer971 unworshipc1200 hard wordc1225 despite1297 dishonourc1320 conteckc1380 reproofa1382 filthc1400 rebukec1425 contumelyc1450 probrec1460 reproacha1513 abusion1570 disgrace1586 affront1588 mockery1603 disobligement1635 disobligation1655 contumelacy1657 insult1671 humps and grumps1727 foul-mouthing1821 mudball1846 slam1884 burn1942 a kick in the teeth1972 c1225 (?OE) Soul's Addr. to Body (Worcester) (Fragm. G) l. 22 Heo heou mid hearde worde ond [huned]e þa wrecches. c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 215 (MED) Me is leouere þet ȝe þolien wel an heard word þen an heard here. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 257 Þe þornes þet prikieþ, be-tokneþ harde wordes and prekiinde, heruore [perh. read hueruore] me ssel wyþnime þe missiggeres. c1390 (?c1350) Joseph of Arimathie (1871) l. 343 (MED) He sprong in his sputison [i.e. disputation] and speek harde wordes. 1493 Tretyse of Loue (de Worde) sig. Hv/1 Suffre Ioyfulli a hard worde whan men say to the for the loue of me. 1574 J. Whitgift Def. Aunswere to Admon. 19 If peace had bin so precious vnto you..you woulde not haue brought so many hard wordes, bitter reproches..to double and treble the heate of contention. ?c1650 tr. ‘Tobias’ Mirabilia Opera Dei iii. 14 In the presence of his Father [they] rebuked the childe with many hard words. 1728 J. Anderson Dialogue Curat & Country-man 21 Countr. You unfeignedly assent and consent to a manifest Untruth, and a manifest Contradiction. Cur. These are hard Words, Gossip. 1827 C. Bury Flirtation III. ix. 334 He gave me abusive language, and called me a gipsy scoundrel, and many hard words that I would not take from him nor no man. 1875 London Society Christmas No. 17/1 Iviry wan uset t' be givin' her the hard word afther her goin' aff that-a-way. 1891 B. Stoker Snake's Pass xvi He would send the hard word round the country about me and my leman. 1898 B. Kirkby Lakeland Words 67 Hard-word, abuse. He gat t' hard word frae t' maister. 1907 Bull. Amer. Geogr. Soc. 39 181 There are also hard words, mayhap leading to blows, between these loyal Carolinians and their overlords..about commercial and political rights. 1995 I. Crewe & A. King SDP (1997) iv. 77 Misunderstandings were frequent, tempers were frayed, hard words were spoken. 2. A word which is difficult to understand or spell. In early use also: †a statement which is difficult to interpret (cf. word n. 1a) (obsolete).In quot. 1533 paraphrasing the biblical use in John 6:60: ‘This is an herde sayinge. Who can abyde the hearynge of it?’ (Tyndale). ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > linguistic unit > word > [noun] > other specific types of word hard word1533 household word1574 magic word1581 grandam words1598 signal word1645 book worda1670 wordie1718 my whole1777 foundling1827–38 keyword1827 Mesopotamia1827 thought-word1844 word-symbol1852 nursery word1853 pivot word1865 rattler1865 object word1876 pillow word1877 nonce-word1884 non-word1893 fossil1901 blessed word1910 bogy-word1919 catch-all1922 pseudo-word1929 false friend1931 plus word1939 descriptor1946 meta-word1952 discourse marker1967 shrub2008 1533 T. More Answere Poysened Bk. i. xx. f. xc They murmured at the secund poynt, in that he shewed them so playnely y^t he wold geue them his very flesshe to be theyr very mete, & sayd how can he gyue vs his flesh to eate. And many of his dysciples sayd also, this is an hard word, & who may here hym. ?1568 J. Olde Conf. Fayth sig. E.v^v (side note) His exposition and [prob. read of] the hard wordes & commune places. 1574 J. Baret Aluearie (title page) By the two Tables..so to turne them backwardes againe into Englishe when they reade any Latin or French Aucthors, & doubt of any harde worde therein. 1607 J. Cowell Interpreter To Rdrs. sig. * 4 If I haue either omitted any hard word within my circuit, or set it downe not expounded; I giue you good leaue to impute the one to my negligence, the other to mine ignorance. 1674 W. Charleton Nat. Hist. Passions 52 This I think (as many other of their superfine distinctions doe) sounds like nothing put into hard words. 1721 J. Swift Let. to Young Gentleman 6 Obscure Terms, which by the Women are called Hard Words. 1767 A. Campbell Lexiphanes Ded. p. xvii Those Lexiphaneses, those Shiners, those Dealers in hard words. 1840 Congress. Globe 5 May 367/1 The gentleman had brought up many hard words, which he said he could scarcely spell, nor pronounce them after he had spelt them. 1925 G. P. Krapp Eng. Lang. in Amer. I. vii. 357 The dictionary..omitted many familiar words, and thus took on somewhat the character of a dictionary of hard words. 2004 Times Lit. Suppl. 24 Sept. 15/3 The kind of stuffed shirt who thinks Australians are funny when they try to use hard words. 3. Chiefly colloquial. With the. a. Originally Irish English; later also Australian. A hint, a tip-off; a piece of inside information; a password. Now rare (chiefly in historical contexts). ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > that which identifies or distinguishes > word or cry > [noun] > password token1377 worda1500 watchworda1513 countersign1598 nayworda1616 tessera1647 counter-word1678 password1799 hard word1830 token pledge1896 tryst-word1896 1804 A. Cherry Soldier's Daughter iii. i. 40 He swears he'll follow and blow you up as high as Cape Finisterre. So I thought I'd trot on before and give you the hard word. 1805 H. Keneritz Swindling Unmasked 22 Mr. N——, being jealous of the new firm; gave the purchaser the hard word, and spoiled their trade. 1830 W. Carleton Traits & Stories Irish Peasantry I. 145 So I gives Jack the hard word [sc. password]. 1851 W. J. O'Neill Daunt Gentleman in Debt I. vii. 114 There's three parties of them watching your honour..I'm sure they got the hard word that your honour was out. 1917 Referee (Sydney) 25 Apr. 11/2 There is no doubt whatever now that we have got the hard word on the Huns all along the line. 1927 Anglo-Celt (Cavan, Ireland) 24 Dec. 10/4 His errand to the tower was to send the hard word to the scattered forces he commanded to meet him at the ‘boolie’ of wooded Kilmore the following night. 1973 P. O'Brian HMS Surprise (1996) vii. 251 My Parsee..assured me that if only he had the hard word about Linois's whereabouts, he and his associates would make lakh upon lakh of rupees. b. Irish English. Esp. in to say the hard word. A proposal of marriage. Now rare. ΚΠ 1899 E. Œ. Somerville & ‘M. Ross’ Some Experiences Irish R.M. vi. 123 It was but little under five years from that autumn evening..when I had said what is called in Ireland ‘the hard word’, to the day in August when I was led to the altar by my best man. 1909 Blue Mountain Echo (Katoomba, New S. Wales) 18 Sept. 12/3 As..Dermot's month drew to a close, he said, what we call in Ireland, ‘the hard word’. c. A blunt refusal to accede to a request, esp. for money. Now rare. ΚΠ 1901 B. Kirkby in Eng. Dial. Dict. (1902) III. 63/1 [Westmorland] Ah assed him for a shillin', an' he gev mi t'hard-word. 1925 Irish Monthly Feb. 68 They might just as well ask the Ministry of Finance for the money cost as ask their own parents and households. They would get ‘the hard word’ quickly enough. d. Australian and New Zealand colloquial. An importunate request, esp. for money. Esp. in to put the hard word on: to ask insistently for a favour or a loan; (sometimes) spec. to proposition sexually. ΚΠ 1913 Farmer & Settler (New S. Wales) 14 Nov. 3/3 Country Party men in Liverpool Plains electorate should put ‘the hard word’ on Mr. Perrett. 1934 N.Z. Herald 25 June 4/2 He seemed to experience an unusual diffidence in putting in the hard word, and so I concluded that his demands must be more than usually exorbitant. 1959 S. J. Baker Drum iv. 38 Establishing a suitable vantage point to ‘put the hard word on’ her. 1970 N.Z. Listener 21 Dec. 8/3 ‘Don't you think hitching's a little dangerous for females?’ ‘Well, some sheilas I know have had the hard word put on them.’ 1989 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 28 Aug. (Computers section) 1 He has promised to put the hard word on Canon for me for a scanner on loan. 2010 R. Fitzgerald My Name is Ross vi. 98 One of the many reasons that we are still together is that she put the hard word on me, and not vice versa. Compounds General attributive (in sense 2), esp. with reference to dictionaries dealing with such words. ΚΠ 1933 M. M. Mathews Surv. Eng. Dict. iii. 32 The ‘hard word’ tradition in dictionary making persisted for a century and a half after the publication of Cawdrey's Table in 1604. 1957 Exhib. Lat.-Eng. & Eng.-Lat. Word Lists & Dict. (Univ. Illinois Libr.) 22 The title page [of Blount's Glossographia] announced that it was a ‘hard word’ dictionary. 1997 Amer. Speech 72 430 The seventeenth century published mostly ‘hard word’ dictionaries. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2015; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.c1225
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