hawkn.1
/hɔːk/, U.S. /hɔk/, /hɑk/ 1.
a. Any diurnal bird of prey used in falconry; any bird of the family Falconidæ. In Natural History, restricted to a bird of the subfamily Accipitrinæ, with rounded and comparatively short wings, which chases its prey near the ground; distinguished from a falcon or bird of the subfamily Falconinæ, which has long pointed wings and lofty flight. hawk of the fist, the lure, the soar: see quots. 18411, 18412, 1879.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > bird of prey > [noun] > used in falconry
hawka700
the world > animals > birds > order Falconiformes (falcons, etc.) > [noun] > used in falconry
hawka700
the world > animals > birds > order Falconiformes (falcons, etc.) > family Accipitridae (hawks, etc.) > [noun] > hawk
hawka700
bird of Juno1655
a700 Epinal Gl. 1023 Horodius, uualh[h]ebuc [Erfurt uualhhæbuc].
c725 Corpus Gl. 1890 Soricarius, mushabuc.
a800 Leiden Gloss. 51 in Old Eng. Texts 112 Accipitres [-iter], haefuc.
a1000 Wyrde 86 in Exeter Bk. lf. 88 b (Bosw.) Sum sceal wildne fugol atemian heafoc.
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 49 Þe habbeð feire huses..heauekes and hundes.
c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 179 Hundes and hauekes and hors and wepnes.
a1250 Owl & Nightingale 307 Þe havec folȝeþ gode rede He fliht his wei.
c1325 in T. Wright & J. O. Halliwell Reliquiæ Antiquæ (1845) I. 125 Y gladie for no song, Of haveke ne of hounde.
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 230/2 Hawke, falco.
a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 126 Theyr haukys & theyr houndys.
1550 J. Coke Deb. Heraldes Eng. & Fraunce sig. Aviijv We haue hawkes of the towre as Leonardes, Leonerettes, Fawcons, Jeafawcons, Hobbes, and Merlyons.
1606 Bp. J. Hall Arte Diuine Medit. xv. 82 The soule, like vnto some noble Hauk, lets passe the Crowes.
1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion iii. 42 His deepe mouth'd Hound to hunt, his long-wingd Haulk to flie.
1677 N. Cox Gentleman's Recreation (ed. 2) ii. 162 The Age of a Hawk: The first year, a Soarage. The second year, an Enterview. The third year, a White Hawk. The fourth year, a Hawk of the first Coat.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) When well manned, lured, and carefully looked after, she [sc. the merlin] proves an excellent Hawk.
1801 J. Strutt Glig-gamena Angel-ðeod i. ii. 33 The books of hawking assign to the different ranks of persons the sort of hawks proper to be used by them..The eagle, the vulture, and the merloun, for an emperor..The gos-hawk, for a yeoman..The sparrow-hawk for a priest.
1841 J. C. Belany Treat. Falconry 6 Hawk of the Fist. One that flies direct off the fist without mounting or waiting-on.
1841 J. C. Belany Treat. Falconry 6 Hawk of the Soar. One that mounts in the air, and waits-on until the game be put up.
1879 E. D. Radcliffe in Encycl. Brit. IX. 6 The first class comprises ‘falcons’, ‘long-winged hawks’, or ‘hawks of the lure’;..The second class is that of ‘hawks’, ‘short-winged hawks’, or ‘hawks of the fist’.
1893 A. Newton Dict. Birds Hawk, a word of indefinite meaning, being often used to signify all diurnal Birds-of-Prey which are neither Vultures nor Eagles, and again more exclusively for those of the remainder which are not Buzzards, Falcons, Harriers or Kites.
b. With prefixed word indicating species, varieties, sorts used in hawking, etc.: as brush-, field-, fishing-, game-, long- or short-winged, etc. Also jack-hawk n. a male hawk. kitchen hawk n. (see quot. 1686). musket-hawk n., small-bird-hawk or spar-hawk n. the Sparrow-hawk. ringtail hawk n. ( Falco Hudsonius). sharp-shinned hawk n. U.S. a small species ( Accipiter fuscus) with extremely slender shanks, also called pigeon hawk.black- duck-, fish-, hobby-, lark-, mouse-, partridge-, quail-hawk: see first element; also goshawk n., pigeon hawk n., sparrow-hawk n. etc.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > order Falconiformes (falcons, etc.) > family Accipitridae (hawks, etc.) > [noun] > genus Accipiter > accipiter striatus (sharp-shinned hawk)
pigeon hawk1731
sharp-shinned hawk1872
sharpshin1912
1486 Bk. St. Albans D iv Ther is a Spare hawke, and he is an hawke for a prest.
1615 W. Lawson New Orchard & Garden (1626) 45 If you have a..Spar-hawke in Winter to make the Black-bird stoop into a bush or hedge.
1674 N. Cox Gentleman's Recreation ii. 85 This is a great fault, and more incident to and worse in Field-Hawks then such as are fitted for the River.
1686 R. Blome Gentlemans Recreation ii. 29 The Lanner..is a Hawk well known..being called a Kitchin Hawk.
1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew Jack-hawk, the Male.
1772 J. Forster in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 62 382 This species [Pigeon Hawk] is called a small-bird hawk at Hudson's Bay.
1872 E. Coues Key to N. Amer. Birds 212 Sharp-shinned Hawk, ‘Pigeon’ Hawk.
1872 E. Coues Key to N. Amer. Birds 218 Rough-legged Buzzard... The black hawk..is a melanotic state.
1873 W. L. Buller Birds N. Zealand I. 222 The continuous screaming of the Bush-Hawk is understood by the natives to be a sure indication of change.
c. Proverbs and phrases. (See also buzzard n.1 1b, handsaw n. Phrases, heronshaw n.)
ΚΠ
c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Reeve's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 214 With empty hand, men may none haukes tulle [= allure].
?1545 H. Rhodes Bk. Nurture sig. C.iv Empty fystes can not hawkes reclayme.
1832 J. P. Kennedy Swallow Barn (1860) 17 I entered Richmond between hawk and buzzard [= at twilight].
1846 G. S. Faber Lett. Tractarian Secession Popery 171 As different from..modern Popery, as a hawk from a handspike.
2. With qualifying word as night-hawk, dor-hawk, gnat-hawk, moth-hawk, screech-hawk, applied to the goatsucker. (See these words.)
3. figurative. Applied to a person, in various senses derived from the nature of the bird of prey: e.g. one who preys on others, a rapacious person, a sharper or cheat; one who is keen and grasping; an officer of the law who pounces on criminals (as in vagabonds' phrase, ware the hawk: see ware v.1 3b). Also in Politics, a person who advocates a hard-line or warlike policy, opposed to a dove (cf. dove n. 2f). Also attributive or as quasi-adj.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > cheating, fraud > a charlatan, fraudster > [noun] > a sharper, swindler
hawk1548
huckster1556
shifterc1562
coney-catcher1591
sharker1594
shark1600
bat-fowler1602
guller1602
gull-groper1602
poop-noddy1616
int1631
shirk1639
knight of industrya1658
hockettor1672
biter1680
sharper1681
duffer1735
sharp1797
diddler1803
chevalier of industry1807
flat-catcher1821
thimble-man1830
thimblerigger1831
thimblerig1839
riggerc1840
chevalier of fortune1867
flim-flammer1881
spiv1929
sharpie1942
shrewd1954
society > authority > rule or government > politics > political philosophy > specific policies or advocacy of > [noun] > warlike policies > supporter of
hawk1962
1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward IV f. cxcixv If he might..allure the duke to his partie, that kyng Edward should be destitute, of one of his best Hawkes.
a1556 N. Udall Ralph Roister Doister (?1566) iii. iii. sig. E.ij Ye were take vp for haukes.
1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew Hawk, a Sharper.
1824 T. P. Thompson Exercises (1842) III. 328 Men are hawks when they view their interests singly, and beetles when they are to lose in crowds.
1834 W. H. Ainsworth Rookwood I. i. v. 108 The game's spoiled, this time..the hawks are upon us.
1843 C. J. Lever Jack Hinton (1878) ix. 56 He..ended by becoming a hawk, where he had begun as a pigeon.
1962 S. Alsop & C. Bartlett in Sat. Evening Post 8 Dec. 20/1 The hawks favored an air strike to eliminate the Cuban missile bases... The doves opposed the air strikes and favored a blockade.
1964 New Yorker 10 Oct. 108 Not one of them, whether a ‘dove’ or a ‘hawk’, took much stock in the notion of ‘overkill’.
1965 Economist 25 Sept. 1189/2 President Ayub's difficulties in curbing the ‘hawks’ in his country.
1966 Guardian 10 Jan. 9/8 The Republicans are themselves divided into two prongs: the liberal Javits, or doubting dove wing; and the Gerald Ford, or hawk wing, which wants a ‘total win’ in Vietnam.
1967 D. Boulton Objection Overruled iii. 85 The committee seems to have become immersed immediately in a struggle between doves and hawks.
1967 Boston Sunday Herald 30 Apr. iii. 5/3 It is unfair for the Administration and the hawks to try to compromise the patriotism of the doves.
1969 Guardian 21 Feb. 10/2 The hawks at the Treasury..want to have one more hack at consumption.
Compounds
C1. obvious combinations, as hawk-cage, hawk-hood, hawk-perch; hawk-faced, hawk-headed adjs.
ΚΠ
1483 Cath. Angl. 179/1 An Hawke bage, cassidile.
1751 G. Edwards Nat. Hist. Birds IV. 165 The Hawk-Headed Parrot.
1812 Sporting Mag. 39 27 The hawk-cage.
1832 G. Long Egypt. Antiq. I. x. 222 The hawk-headed sphinx.
1859 Ld. Tennyson Enid in Idylls of King 15 O wretched set of sparrows,..Who pipe of nothing but of sparrow-hawks! Speak, if you be not like the rest, hawk-mad.
1889 O. Wilde in 19th Cent. Jan. 47 She has hawk-faced gods that worship her.
1891 J. L. Kipling Beast & Man in India 55 The hawk-hood of soft deerskin..jesses, lures, and hawk-bells, are still regularly made in the Punjab.
1932 P. G. Wodehouse Louder & Funnier 68 Just one more of those curt, hawk-faced amateur investigators.
1936 Discovery Dec. 380/2 A hawk-faced negro of Benin type.
1954 ‘R. Crompton’ William & Moon Rocket iv. 101 Trying to look keen-eyed and hawk-faced, the two made their way round the cottage to the little back garden.
C2. † hawk's-foot n. Obsolete = hawk-feet n.† hawk-feet n. Obsolete an old name for the columbine.
hawk-cuckoo n. an Indian cuckoo, Cuculus (Hierococcyx) varius, resembling a hawk in appearance.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > perching birds > order Cuculiformes (cuckoos, etc.) > [noun] > family Cuculidae > genus Cuculus > cuculus varius (hawk-cuckoo)
hawk-cuckoo1862
brainfever bird1874
1862 T. C. Jerdon Birds India I. 329 The Common Hawk-Cuckoo..is the common Cuckoo of the plains of India.
1901 Westm. Gaz. 8 Aug. 8/2 The Zoological Society have lately received..a specimen of the hawk-cuckoo.
1960 M. MacDonald Birds in my Indian Garden 41 It was the Common Hawk-cuckoo, whose monotonously, maddeningly reiterated phrase..gives it the nickname of Brainfever Bird.
hawk eagle n. an eagle of the genus Nisaetus.
ΚΠ
1883 Cassell's Nat. Hist. III. 284 Hawk Eagles (Nisaëtus), remarkable for their long legs.
hawk-eye n. (a) U.S. colloquial appellation of a native or inhabitant of Iowa, popularly called the ‘Hawk-eye State’; (b) (a person with) a keen eye like that of a hawk. cf. hawk's eye n. 1 also transferred.
ΚΠ
1823 J. F. Cooper Pioneers I. xviii. 261 See, Hawk-eye!
1826 J. F. Cooper Last of Mohicans II. xii. 198 I am the man..that got..the compliment of Hawk-eye from the Delawares.
1833 Ld. Tennyson Poems 119 Your hawk~eyes are keen and bright.
1839 (title) Hawk-eye and Iowa Patriot.
1845 in R. H. Thornton Amer. Gloss. (1912) II. 974 Corn-crackers, Potsoppers, Hard Heads, Hawk Eyes, Rackensacks, etc.
186. in F. Moore Songs of Soldiers (1864) 114 We have come from the prairies Of the young Hawkeye State.
1901 Lady's Realm 10 552/2 The most contemptuous glances of her hawk-eyes.
1911 C. Harris Eve's Second Husband 244 When he ran for Congress the hawkeye of more than one newspaper in the state was turned..upon him.
1913 D. H. Lawrence Love Poems 45 'Er black hawk-eyes as I've Mistrusted all along!
1960 Ottawa Citizen 18 Nov. 5/4 Across..Canada,..74 federal hawkeyes keep a watch on hundreds of millions of dollars being paid out to unemployed persons.
1966 Listener 2 June 796/2 The head's wife was known behind her back as Hawk-eye from her habit of seeing everything.
hawk-eyed adj. having eyes like a hawk's; very keen-sighted.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > types of vision > [adjective] > clear- or sharp-sighted
bright-eyeda1393
sightya1400
well-eyeda1425
well-seeing?a1425
eagle-eyeda1475
well-sighteda1529
clear-eyed1530
quick-sighted1542
oculate1549
quick-eyed1561
eyed1563
sharpsighted1571
clear-sighted1586
eagle-sighted1589
lynx-eyed1597
mouse-eyed1599
lycophosed1600
lycophosy1600
right-eyed1600
nimble-eyed1605
perspicacious1616
lyncean1622
piercing-sighted1630
perspicuous1657
sharp-eyed1672
gimlet-eyed1752
keen-eyed1781
keen-sighted1813
hawk-eyed1818
accipitrine1872
accipitral1881
1818 H. J. Todd Johnson's Dict. Eng. Lang. Hawk-eyed.
1849 F. W. Robertson Serm. (1866) 1st Ser. xiii. 227 The hawk-eyed deities of Egypt..implied omniscience.
1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Colonial Reformer (1891) 335 The hawk-eyed Piambook had descried the stranded coach..about a mile off.
hawk-fly n. a fly of the family Asilidæ, also called hornet-flies, which prey on other insects.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Diptera or flies > [noun] > suborder Brachycera > family Asilidae > member of (hawk, hornet, or robber-fly)
Tenthredo1658
wolf-fly1658
hornet-fly1752
robber fly1869
hawk-fly1883
1747 W. Gould Acct. Eng. Ants 6 The Dragon, or more properly, large Hawk-fly.
1883 Cassell's Nat. Hist. VI. 86 These insects (the Asilidæ)..from their habits, might very well be called ‘Hawk Flies’.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Ranunculaceae (crowfoot and allies) > [noun] > columbine
columbinea1350
cocksfoota1425
hawk's-foota1500
ancoly1561
culverwort1597
aquilegia1599
Jupiter's flower1601
a1500 Sloane MS. 5, lf. 10/2 Pes aucipitis, A[nglice] hauekesfot.
ΚΠ
a1500 Sloane MS. 5, lf. 6/1 Columbina, pes aucipitis, idem G[allice] columbine, A[nglice] hauekesfet.
hawk-kite n. a kite made of silk or cotton in form of a hawk, used in shooting to make the birds lie.
ΚΠ
1888 R. J. Lloyd Pryce Pheasant Rearing 161 Who can make a really satisfactory hawk kite?
hawk's meat n. food for a hawk; also figurative (cf. 3).
ΚΠ
1577 W. Harrison Descr. Eng. (1877) ii. i. i. 34 A minister taking a benefice..was inforced to paie to his patrone twentie quarters of otes, ten quarters of wheate, and sixteene yeerelie of barleie, which he called hawkes meat.
1684 R. Howlett School Recreat. 82 Wash your Hawks-meat with the Juice thereof when you feed him.
hawk-nut n. a name for the earth-nut or pig-nut.
ΚΠ
1724 Ray's Synops. Stirp. 209 Earth-nut, or Kipper-nut.. by the Vulgar Pignuts..in some Places Hawknut.
hawk-parrot n. a parrot of the genus Deroptyus.
hawk-swallow n. a local name for the swift.
ΚΠ
1885 C. Swainson Provinc. Names Brit. Birds 96 Swift..Hawk swallow. From its habit of hawking for flies.
hawkwise adv. in the manner of a hawk.
ΚΠ
1818 J. Keats Endymion iv. 184 Her steed a little higher soar'd, and then Dropt hawkwise to the earth.
Draft additions June 2017
hawk-eye n. Sport. Usually with capital initials; also as one word. A proprietary name for: a computer system having multiple cameras around the court or pitch which track, predict, and record the trajectory of a ball, the results often being used as an aid in making umpiring or refereeing decisions, esp. in cricket, tennis, and Association Football.
ΚΠ
2000 Times 2 June 3/4 The system, named Hawk-Eye, should also bring new insights into television coverage.
2009 L. J. Wertheim Strokes of Genius 63 The umpire agreed the ball was out... Hawk-Eye indicated that it was in.
2016 Hindustan Times (Nexis) 7 Nov. India had an issue with HawkEye ball-tracking system. The improved version will use ultra-motion cameras to predict the path of the ball better.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
† hawkn.2
Obsolete.
A kind of fish-trap: see quots.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing-tackle > fish-trap > [noun] > other traps
ark-net1613
hawk1669
paidle1824
sea-trap1876
kelong1878
1669 J. Worlidge Systema Agriculturæ (1681) 252 There is a sort of Engine, by some termed a Hawk, made almost like unto a Fish-pot, being a square frame of Timber fitted to the place..and wrought with Wire to a point almost, so that what Fish soever go through the same, cannot go back again.
1705 Act 4 & 5 Anne c. 8 §5 Nets, Pots, Racks, Hawks, Gins or other Devices to kill Salmon.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2021).
hawkn.3
/hɔːk/, U.S. /hɔk/, /hɑk/ A plasterer's tool: see quots.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > building and constructing equipment > [noun] > plasterer's tools > board or tray
boss1542
hand board1688
hawk1700
spot board1877
spot1922
1700 Moxon's Mech. Exercises: Bricklayers-wks. 12 Tools relating to Plastering..3. A Hawke, made of Wood about the bigness of a square Trencher, with a handle..whereon the Lime and Hair being put, they take from it more or less as they please.
1892 Sir G. Duffy in Contemp. Rev. Jan. 152 A plasterer called to the boy to bring him his hawk.
Derivatives
hawk-boy n.
ΚΠ
1823 Builder's Perp. Price-bk. (Kelly) 142 Hawk-boy, per day 1s. 9d.
1842 J. Gwilt Encycl. Archit. Gloss. 984 Hawk, a small quadrangular tool with a handle, used by a plasterer, on which the stuff required by him is served... He has always a boy attendant on him, by whom he is supplied with the material. The boy in question is called a Hawk-boy.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
hawkn.4
An effort made to clear the throat; the noise made in such an effort.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > other vocal sounds > [noun] > hawking
hawk1604
harrumph1936
1604 T. Middleton Blacke Bk. in Wks. (1885) VIII. 18 After a rotten hawk and a hem, he began to spit.
1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. Hawk..an effort to force phlegm up the throat.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2018).
hawkv.1
/hɔːk/, U.S. /hɔk/, /hɑk/ 1.
a. intransitive. To chase or hunt game with a trained hawk; to engage in or practise falconry.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > hawking > hawk [verb (intransitive)]
hawk1340
hobbyc1430
falcon1807
to fly to the mark1891
1340–70 Alex. & Dind. 299 For to hauke ne hunte haue we no leue.
c1345 Orpheo 294 Every on an hauke on honed bere, And went haukyng by the rivere.
1548 H. Latimer Notable Serm. sig. B.iiiiv Thei hauke, they hunt, thei card, they dyce.
1697 R. Pierce Bath Mem. i. iv. 81 [He] went hence, to his own House, to Hawk (after the Harvest was in) for a Month.
1884 Ld. Tennyson Becket i. iii. 45 Where is the King?..Gone hawking on the Nene.
b. transitive. Cf. to hunt a cover.
ΚΠ
1783 Ainsworth's Thes. Linguæ Latinæ (new ed.) i. s.v. Let us first hawk this ersh, for here lieth a covey.
2.
a. intransitive. Of birds or insects: To hunt on the wing.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > hunt [verb (intransitive)] > hunt (of animals)
hawk1399
prey1575
predate1974
1399 in T. Wright Polit. Poems & Songs (1859) I. 389 Thus hawkyd this egle, and hoved above.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis xii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 599 As the black Swallow..Now hawks aloft, now skims along the Flood, To furnish her loquacious Nest with Food.
1768 G. White Let. 28 Nov. in Nat. Hist. Selborne (1789) 59 The bird [sc. a martin] was hawking briskly after flies.
1852 Thomas in Zoologist 10 3650 As daybreak advanced, I could see the fern-owls..hawking for moths.
1879 R. Jefferies Wild Life 318 A dragon fly, hawking to and fro on the sunny side of the hedge.
b. transitive. To pursue or attack on the wing, as a hawk does; to prey upon while flying.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > bird of prey > [verb (transitive)] > swoop at or on
stoop1575
stoop1575
scoop1605
hawk1825
the world > animals > birds > order Falconiformes (falcons, etc.) > family Accipitridae (hawks, etc.) > [verb (transitive)] > actions of hawks, etc.
enterpena1475
rousea1475
mutea1529
to put over1575
souse1589
hawk1825
the world > animals > mammals > order Chiroptera or bat > [verb (transitive)] > prey upon while flying
hawk1868
1825 R. P. Ward Tremaine III. xvii. 316 The lark sings to the moment when she is hawked.
1868 C. Kingsley in Good Words Jan. 23/1 Flitting bats Hawk the pale moths of winter.
3. figurative.1647 N. Bacon Hist. Disc. Govt. 171 He hauked at all manner of game, France, Scotland, England, Laity, Clergy.1820 W. Scott Abbot II. v. 140 To hawk at one brother with another, is less than fair play.1886 H. Smart Outsider I. ii. 28 Accustomed to be welcomed with smiles, and even hawked at by young ladies on promotion.
a. to hawk at: to fly at or attack on the wing, as a hawk does. Of a person: To fly a hawk at.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > by eating habits > [verb (transitive)] > hunt on the wing
to hawk ata1616
a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) ii. iv. 13 A Faulcon towring in her pride of place, Was by a Mowsing Owle hawkt at, and kill'd. View more context for this quotation
1633 G. Herbert Sacrifice in Temple xxiii Who does hawk at eagles with a dove?
1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding To Rdr. sig. A3 He that hawks at Larks and Sparrows, has no less Sport..than he that flies at nobler Game.
1872 J. Ruskin Eagle's Nest §36 Will you hawk at game or carrion?
b. transitive. To let fly.
ΚΠ
1709 J. Strype Ann. Reformation lii. 563 They straightway hawked at their adversaries the terrible name of the high commission.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > wish or inclination > desire > aspiration or ambition > aspire to or to do [verb (transitive)]
pursuea1382
affect?a1425
anhelea1500
to hawk after (for)?1510
affectate1560
to breathe after ——a1593
emule1595
aspire1596
emulate1597
to fawn upon1634
?1510 T. More tr. G. Pico della Mirandola in tr. G. F. Pico della Mirandola Lyfe I. Picus sig. d.iv All the aduauntage that ye hawke aftir and all the fauoure of the court.
1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Matt. xxiii. 107 To hawke for a vayne opinion of holines.
1581 J. Marbeck Bk. Notes & Common Places 1076 When we do any good deed..we should not hunt and hauke after the praise of men.
1700 J. Astry tr. D. de Saavedra Fajardo Royal Politician II. 98 It hawks after his Favour, with the Nets of Flattery.
1721 Coll. Polit. Lett. London Jrnl. 1720 9 A Bookseller..hawked at the Inn for Oxford Scholars.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
hawkv.2
/hɔːk/, U.S. /hɔk/, /hɑk/ 1. intransitive. To practise the trade of a hawker.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > selling > sell [verb (intransitive)] > practise itinerant selling
hawk1542
aginate1623
peddle1650
higgle1790
travel1937
doorstep1966
1542–3 Act 34 & 35 Hen. VIII c. 10 §2 Euill disposed persons..vse daily the craft and subtilty of hauking abroad in the Country, to Villages and to mens houses, putting the same naughty ware to sale secretly.
1676 A. Marvell Mr. Smirke sig. F The little Emissaryes..hawk about from London to Westminster with their Britches stuft with the Copyes, and will sell them to any one.
1712 J. Arbuthnot John Bull Still in Senses iv. 15 To go hawking and peddling about the Streets, selling Knives, Scissars and Shoe-buckles.
2.
a. transitive. To carry about from place to place and offer for sale; to cry in the street.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > selling > sell [verb (transitive)]
to sell awayc1230
to set to (for, on) sale, a-salec1275
sella1330
to make sale (of)c1430
market1455
to make penny of1464
vent1478
to put away1574
dispatch1592
money1598
vent1602
to put off1631
vend1651
hawk1713
realize1720
mackle1724
neat1747
to sell over1837
unload1884
flog1919
move1938
shift1976
1713 J. Swift Imit. Horace Epist. (ed. 2) 6 His works were hawk'd in ev'ry street, But seldom rose above a sheet.
1759 Compl. Let.-writer (ed. 6) 215 They immediately hawked it about to every surgeon.
1853 A. Alison Hist. Europe from French Revol. (ed. 9) I. 339 Inflammatory addresses were hawked in every street.
1866 J. E. T. Rogers Hist. Agric. & Prices I. xix. 457 Salt was hawked about by retail dealers.
b. transferred and figurative.
ΚΠ
a1745 J. Swift Friendly Apol. (R.) All this with design..To hear his praises hawk'd about.
1801 M. Edgeworth Belinda I. ii. 44 Last winter, when I was at Bath, she was hawked about every where.
1847 L. Hunt Men, Women, & Bks. II. x. 237 She consented to be hawked about as a sort of nurse and overseer.
1869 J. R. Lowell Winter Evening Hymn ix I come not of the race, That hawk their sorrows in the market-place.
3. transitive. To traverse as a hawker with something to dispose of; to canvass.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > aspects of travel > travel from place to place > [verb (transitive)] > go from door to door selling, etc.
hawk1862
1862 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia III. xiii. i. 403 That is all her Hungarian Majesty has yet got by hawking the world, Pragmatic Sanction in hand.
4. intransitive. slang. (See quot. 1851.)
ΚΠ
1851 H. Mayhew London Labour I. 328/1 They have a man,..sometimes at a fair, to hawk, or act as a button (a decoy), to purchase the first lot of goods put up.
Derivatives
hawked adj.
ΚΠ
1715 M. Davies Εἰκων Μικρο-βιβλικὴ 346 Hawk'd-about Tryal-Pamphlets.
ˈhawking n.2 and adj.2
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > selling > [noun] > itinerant selling
pedlary1531
hawking1542
bogginga1555
peddling1591
pedlarism1699
pedlaring1839
doorstepping1909
1542–3 Act 34 & 35 Hen. VIII c. 10 §3 No..couerlet-makers..shall..vse the said craft of haukynge, or go as haukers.
1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew Hawking, going about Town and Country, with Scotch-Cloth, &c. or Newspapers.
1709 S. Centlivre Busie Body v. i. 62 Those little Hawking Females that traverse the Park, and the Play-house to put off their damag'd Ware.
1861 A. Trollope Orley Farm (1862) I. vi. 45 I call it hawking and peddling, that going round the country with your goods on your back. It aint trade.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
hawkv.3
/hɔːk/, U.S. /hɔk/, /hɑk/ 1. intransitive. To make an effort to clear the throat of phlegm; to clear the throat noisily.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > respiratory spasms > have respiratory spasm [verb (intransitive)] > cough > to clear throat
reacheOE
roughOE
yeska1522
retch1534
hawk1582
hough1600
scraw1656
clear1881
hoick1926
1582 [see hawking n.3 and adj.3 at Derivatives].
1602 S. Rowlands Greenes Ghost 9 Then they will hamme and hauke, and saie they are not euery bodie, and so take their mony.
1638 J. Mede Reverence Gods House in Wks. (1672) ii. 349 Nor is it lawful for us..to hauk or hem in the Church.
1797 Sporting Mag. 10 272 A man..began to hawk and spit.
1816 W. Scott Antiquary III. i. 24 ‘I shall prove a wretched interpreter,’ said M'Intyre..coughing and hawking as if the translation stuck in his throat.
1877 F. T. Roberts Handbk. Med. (ed. 3) I. 299 There is a frequent tendency to cough and hawk.
2. transitive. To bring up with a strong effort of clearing the throat.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > discharge or flux > discharge [verb (transitive)] > cough or spit up
reachOE
cough1362
hawk1581
expectorate1601
1581 R. Mulcaster Positions xx. 83 For hauking vp of blood.
1676 R. Wiseman Severall Chirurg. Treat. vii. iv. 42 A stinking tough flegm which she frequently hauked out, especially in the mornings.
1751 T. Smollett Peregrine Pickle I. xvi. 117 He hawked up, with incredible straining, the interjection ah!
1843 T. Watson Lect. Physic I. xxxiii. 580 He hawked up in the course of the day a considerable quantity of ropy mucus.
Derivatives
hawking n.3 and adj.3
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > discharge or flux > [noun] > sputum > coughing or spitting up
reachingeOE
retching1542
hawking1582
expectoration1615
expectorating1662
expectorating1832
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > respiratory spasms > [noun] > coughing > clearing throat
rokinga1398
hemming1470
retching1542
reach?1578
hawking1582
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > respiratory spasms > [adjective] > coughing > clearing throat
hawking1831
1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis Ded. sig. Aiijv In suche hauking wise..[as if] hee were throtled with the chincoughe.
a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) v. iii. 10 Shal we clap into't roundly, without hauking, or spitting, or saying we are hoarse. View more context for this quotation
1831 E. J. Trelawny Adventures Younger Son II. 149 A gawky..bilious, hawking Frenchman.
1892 W. H. Hudson Naturalist in La Plata xx. 307 The violent hawking of a man clearing his throat.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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