hardenern.

Brit.

/ˈhɑːdn̩ə/,

/ˈhɑːdnə/, U.S.

/ˈhɑrd(ə)nər/

Forms: see harden v. and -er suffix¹.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: harden v., -er suffix¹.

Etymology: < harden v. + -er suffix¹.

1. A person who or thing which causes a person or (more frequently) a person's heart to become callous or unfeeling. Formerly also: †a person who or thing which confirms or entrenches a person in an undesirable condition or course of action (obsolete).Common in 17th cent.

ΚΠ

1598 S. Rowlands Betraying of Christ sig. D Hardner of hearts, blinder of spirituall eies, Prince of the aire, malicious euill sprite.

1632 A. Hildersam CVIII Lect. Iohn IV xxxi. 144 The chiefe hardner of men in superstition hath beene the antient custome and vse of their forefathers.

1648 R. P. Coll. gathered out of D. Rogers's Pract. Catech. ii. vii. 210 Thy self (that wofull hardner) which would get out of her fears by her own way, and so hath..hardned thee.

a1706 J. Evelyn Hist. Relig. (1850) II. xi. 257 Gomarus plainly made God author of sin and the hardener of obstinate sinners.

1739 E. Yates tr. Life Jesus Christ xxxv. 188 Ambition,..the Canker-worm of Sanctity, the Hardener of Hearts.

1845 Peter Parley's Ann. 181 Misfortune is not a hardener of the heart.

1877 A. Ransom tr. T. Keim Hist. Jesus of Nazara III. i. 104 The appalling doctrine of the Old Testament, that God..is a hardener of the hardened.

1900 Middlebury (Vermont) Independent 29 June 2/1 It [sc. greed of wealth] is the great hardener of hearts.

2003 D. Harris On Questions of Jesus xi. 38 The archenemy of all mankind, the first rebel and hardener of hearts.

2. A person whose job involves hardening a particular substance or object; spec. one whose job is to harden metal. Now rare (chiefly historical).

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > production and development of arms > armourer > [noun] > one who makes artillery or firearms > specific processes

hardener1796

percussioner1854

flaker1879

society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > worker performing process or spec. task > [noun] > workers performing other tasks or processes

river?c1475

melter1511

sinker1526

folder up1552

wiper1552

scourer1574

heaver1587

stoverc1600

rasper1611

ripper1611

roller1616

smearer1632

waterleadera1650

scooper1668

smiter1670

puncher1681

staker1688

crusher1794

hardener1796

reamer1822

piledriver1826

catcher1832

waterproofer1837

middler1847

culler1850

hanger-on1858

pitcher1865

bumper1871

fine liner1871

bricksetter1883

waxer1890

bottle-oh1898

edger1909

bottle-o-er1915

caster1921

recycler1970

linesperson1973

1796 Orders & Dir. conducting Mint U.S. 13 The number and quality of dies delivered by him the preceeding week, to the hardener of dies for hardening.

1841 H. Wilkinson Engines of War iii. 87 Every best finished gun usually passes through fifteen or sixteen hands, each of which constitutes almost a distinct trade... 12. lock finisher; 13. polisher and hardener; [etc.].

1881 Academy 8 Jan. 30 A grand zoologist, not a mere hardener and slicer of microscopic stuff.

1929 Pop. Sci. Monthly Nov. 96/1 Nothing can take the place of the eye and judgment of the hardener, even though..the most experienced eye cannot tell the actual temperature of a piece of steel within 100°F.

2006 Star (Sheffield) (Nexis) 29 Dec. After the war Robert worked as a hardener's assistant at Hadfields.

a. A substance or object that produces (physical) hardening; esp. one used specifically for this purpose.

ΚΠ

1810 J. Corry Hist. Liverpool v. 35 We are gravely informed, ‘that smoke was supposed to be not only a sufficient hardener of the timber of the house, but was also reputed to be a preventive of the ague’.

1844 Trans. Soc. for Encouragement of Arts, Manuf. & Commerce 54 157 The bat [of wool] is..carried to a machine, called the ‘Hardener’, which consists of two or more pairs of rollers lying upon ech other, and having perforated steam-pipes between them.

1856 Jrnl. Soc. Arts 14 May 429/2 These two bases are the sole hardeners of ordinary waters; lime the chief.

1863 Newton's London Jrnl. 17 138 In hardening felted articles and fabrics, flat hardeners are commonly employed.

1893 Proc. Amer. Microsc. Soc. 1892 14 ii. 122 The tissue is then put into 25 to 50 times its volume of the fixer and hardener.

1918 Rotarian May 230/2 (advt.) You can dustproof them and waterproof them [sc. concrete floors] by simply flushing on the colorless liquid chemical hardener.

1978 J. Krantz Scruples iii. 78 The ad that launched Spider was for a new type of fingernail hardener.

2013 R. F. Becker & A. W. Dutelle Criminal Invest. (ed. 4) xii. 325 The impression should be prepared by spraying a commercial hardener on the surface.

b. Photography. A chemical added to a fixing bath to toughen the emulsion.

ΚΠ

1897 Trans. Amer. Microsc. Soc. 1896 18 114 The fixing bath that I consider best is an acid bath, with chrome alum as a hardener.

1948 A. L. M. Sowerby Dict. Photogr. (ed. 17) 362 A hardener containing 1½ per cent. of potash alum, used at this pH value, may be expected to raise the melting point of the gelatine.

2007 D. Rogers Chem. Photogr. ii. 21 The most commonly used hardener for colour negative films is bisvinylsulfonylmethyl ether.

c. Metallurgy. An element added to increase the hardness of an alloy; (also) an alloy containing a high proportion of a particular element and added to a melt when making alloys of that element.

ΚΠ

1910 U.S. Patent 952,069 1/1 The chromium is intended as a hardener, and, by itself, would render the finished product very brittle.

1932 Symp. Effect of Temperature on Properties of Metals (Amer. Soc. testing Materials) 616 The chief use of iridium is as a hardener for platinum.

1968 L. K. Gillespie Troubleshooting Manufacturing Processes 4-5 Silicon can be added as either pure silicon or 20% silicon-aluminum hardener.

1983 Symp. Proc.: National Program for Assessment & Devel. Mineral Resources (U.S. Geol. Surv.) 6 Cobalt is a critical hardener of steel for wear resistance .

2006 M. Pekguleryuz in H. E. Friedrich & B. J. Mordike Magnesium Technol. iv. 133 Since the 1960s only metallic hardeners have seen significant use for processing of Mg-Zr alloys.

d. An agent used to speed up a chemical process of solidification or setting, as of a plastic or an adhesive.

ΚΠ

1941 Pop. Sci. Monthly Feb. 56/2 This addition of the hardener makes it possible to mix and use the packaged glue in one simple operation, and speeds up the glue so that it sets within two or three hours of its application.

1986 F. Underwood & G. Warr in A. Limon et al. Home Owner Man. (ed. 2) ii. iv. 183 Special resin-type glues are used... They may be ‘one-part’ which incorporates a hardener, or ‘two-part’ where the hardener is separate.

2007 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 8 Feb. d4/3 They used French lime as a hardener in their mix, an ingredient that Mr. Steen said he generally avoids because ‘it can weaken the floors’.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	hardener
释义	hardenern. Brit. /ˈhɑːdn̩ə/, /ˈhɑːdnə/, U.S. /ˈhɑrd(ə)nər/ Forms: see harden v. and -er suffix¹. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: harden v., -er suffix¹. Etymology: < harden v. + -er suffix¹. 1. A person who or thing which causes a person or (more frequently) a person's heart to become callous or unfeeling. Formerly also: †a person who or thing which confirms or entrenches a person in an undesirable condition or course of action (obsolete).Common in 17th cent. ΚΠ 1598 S. Rowlands Betraying of Christ sig. D Hardner of hearts, blinder of spirituall eies, Prince of the aire, malicious euill sprite. 1632 A. Hildersam CVIII Lect. Iohn IV xxxi. 144 The chiefe hardner of men in superstition hath beene the antient custome and vse of their forefathers. 1648 R. P. Coll. gathered out of D. Rogers's Pract. Catech. ii. vii. 210 Thy self (that wofull hardner) which would get out of her fears by her own way, and so hath..hardned thee. a1706 J. Evelyn Hist. Relig. (1850) II. xi. 257 Gomarus plainly made God author of sin and the hardener of obstinate sinners. 1739 E. Yates tr. Life Jesus Christ xxxv. 188 Ambition,..the Canker-worm of Sanctity, the Hardener of Hearts. 1845 Peter Parley's Ann. 181 Misfortune is not a hardener of the heart. 1877 A. Ransom tr. T. Keim Hist. Jesus of Nazara III. i. 104 The appalling doctrine of the Old Testament, that God..is a hardener of the hardened. 1900 Middlebury (Vermont) Independent 29 June 2/1 It [sc. greed of wealth] is the great hardener of hearts. 2003 D. Harris On Questions of Jesus xi. 38 The archenemy of all mankind, the first rebel and hardener of hearts. 2. A person whose job involves hardening a particular substance or object; spec. one whose job is to harden metal. Now rare (chiefly historical). ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > production and development of arms > armourer > [noun] > one who makes artillery or firearms > specific processes hardener1796 percussioner1854 flaker1879 society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > worker performing process or spec. task > [noun] > workers performing other tasks or processes river?c1475 melter1511 sinker1526 folder up1552 wiper1552 scourer1574 heaver1587 stoverc1600 rasper1611 ripper1611 roller1616 smearer1632 waterleadera1650 scooper1668 smiter1670 puncher1681 staker1688 crusher1794 hardener1796 reamer1822 piledriver1826 catcher1832 waterproofer1837 middler1847 culler1850 hanger-on1858 pitcher1865 bumper1871 fine liner1871 bricksetter1883 waxer1890 bottle-oh1898 edger1909 bottle-o-er1915 caster1921 recycler1970 linesperson1973 1796 Orders & Dir. conducting Mint U.S. 13 The number and quality of dies delivered by him the preceeding week, to the hardener of dies for hardening. 1841 H. Wilkinson Engines of War iii. 87 Every best finished gun usually passes through fifteen or sixteen hands, each of which constitutes almost a distinct trade... 12. lock finisher; 13. polisher and hardener; [etc.]. 1881 Academy 8 Jan. 30 A grand zoologist, not a mere hardener and slicer of microscopic stuff. 1929 Pop. Sci. Monthly Nov. 96/1 Nothing can take the place of the eye and judgment of the hardener, even though..the most experienced eye cannot tell the actual temperature of a piece of steel within 100°F. 2006 Star (Sheffield) (Nexis) 29 Dec. After the war Robert worked as a hardener's assistant at Hadfields. 3. a. A substance or object that produces (physical) hardening; esp. one used specifically for this purpose. ΚΠ 1810 J. Corry Hist. Liverpool v. 35 We are gravely informed, ‘that smoke was supposed to be not only a sufficient hardener of the timber of the house, but was also reputed to be a preventive of the ague’. 1844 Trans. Soc. for Encouragement of Arts, Manuf. & Commerce 54 157 The bat [of wool] is..carried to a machine, called the ‘Hardener’, which consists of two or more pairs of rollers lying upon ech other, and having perforated steam-pipes between them. 1856 Jrnl. Soc. Arts 14 May 429/2 These two bases are the sole hardeners of ordinary waters; lime the chief. 1863 Newton's London Jrnl. 17 138 In hardening felted articles and fabrics, flat hardeners are commonly employed. 1893 Proc. Amer. Microsc. Soc. 1892 14 ii. 122 The tissue is then put into 25 to 50 times its volume of the fixer and hardener. 1918 Rotarian May 230/2 (advt.) You can dustproof them and waterproof them [sc. concrete floors] by simply flushing on the colorless liquid chemical hardener. 1978 J. Krantz Scruples iii. 78 The ad that launched Spider was for a new type of fingernail hardener. 2013 R. F. Becker & A. W. Dutelle Criminal Invest. (ed. 4) xii. 325 The impression should be prepared by spraying a commercial hardener on the surface. b. Photography. A chemical added to a fixing bath to toughen the emulsion. ΚΠ 1897 Trans. Amer. Microsc. Soc. 1896 18 114 The fixing bath that I consider best is an acid bath, with chrome alum as a hardener. 1948 A. L. M. Sowerby Dict. Photogr. (ed. 17) 362 A hardener containing 1½ per cent. of potash alum, used at this pH value, may be expected to raise the melting point of the gelatine. 2007 D. Rogers Chem. Photogr. ii. 21 The most commonly used hardener for colour negative films is bisvinylsulfonylmethyl ether. c. Metallurgy. An element added to increase the hardness of an alloy; (also) an alloy containing a high proportion of a particular element and added to a melt when making alloys of that element. ΚΠ 1910 U.S. Patent 952,069 1/1 The chromium is intended as a hardener, and, by itself, would render the finished product very brittle. 1932 Symp. Effect of Temperature on Properties of Metals (Amer. Soc. testing Materials) 616 The chief use of iridium is as a hardener for platinum. 1968 L. K. Gillespie Troubleshooting Manufacturing Processes 4-5 Silicon can be added as either pure silicon or 20% silicon-aluminum hardener. 1983 Symp. Proc.: National Program for Assessment & Devel. Mineral Resources (U.S. Geol. Surv.) 6 Cobalt is a critical hardener of steel for wear resistance . 2006 M. Pekguleryuz in H. E. Friedrich & B. J. Mordike Magnesium Technol. iv. 133 Since the 1960s only metallic hardeners have seen significant use for processing of Mg-Zr alloys. d. An agent used to speed up a chemical process of solidification or setting, as of a plastic or an adhesive. ΚΠ 1941 Pop. Sci. Monthly Feb. 56/2 This addition of the hardener makes it possible to mix and use the packaged glue in one simple operation, and speeds up the glue so that it sets within two or three hours of its application. 1986 F. Underwood & G. Warr in A. Limon et al. Home Owner Man. (ed. 2) ii. iv. 183 Special resin-type glues are used... They may be ‘one-part’ which incorporates a hardener, or ‘two-part’ where the hardener is separate. 2007 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 8 Feb. d4/3 They used French lime as a hardener in their mix, an ingredient that Mr. Steen said he generally avoids because ‘it can weaken the floors’. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1598
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