hardunn.

Brit.

/hɑːˈduːn/, U.S.

/ˌhɑrˈdun/

Forms: Middle English hardan, Middle English harden, 1800s hardim (irregular), 1800s– hardun.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from Arabic. Etymons: Latin hardanus; Arabic ḥardūn, ḥardōn, ḥirdawn.

Etymology: Originally (i) < post-classical Latin hardanus (13th cent. in Bartholomaeus Anglicus: compare quot. a1398) < Arabic ḥardūn, (colloquial: Palestine) ḥardōn. In later use reborrowed (ii) < Arabic ḥardūn, (colloquial: Palestine) ḥardōn, variants of (literary) ḥirdawn, ḥirḏawn lizard < Aramaic ḥardōnā (compare Syriac ḥardānā).The origin of the form hardim (compare quot. 1885) is unclear; it may show a typographical error (perhaps for hardun), or perhaps a misapprehension of the Arabic plural form ḥarādīn . With recent use in a Palestinian context (compare quots. 1976, 2008) perhaps compare modern Hebrew ḥardōn lizard (already in post-biblical Hebrew; < Aramaic ḥardōnā).

A common lizard of south-west Asia and north-west Africa, Stellagama stellio. Also called stellion, starred agama.The lizard was formerly placed in the genus Agama, Stellio, or Laudakia. In quot. a1398, rendering post-classical Latin cocodrillus crocodile n. (cf. quot. 1608), suggesting some confusion as to the identity of the reptile denoted.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > reptiles > order Squamata (lizards and snakes) > suborder Lacertilia (lizards) > [noun] > family Agamidae (dragon lizards) > member of genus Stellio

stellion1382

harduna1398

Stellioa1425

star lizard1601

starry lizard1606

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xviii. xxi. 1160 Al his [sc. a chameleon's] body is rough and scharp as þe body of harden [L. sicut corpus hardani].

1608 E. Topsell Hist. Serpents 127 The Hebreus haue many words which they vse for a Crocodile..which the Arabians render Hardun.]

1845 Catal. Lizards Brit. Mus. 255 The Stellion or Hardun. Stellio Cordylina.

1885 Standard Nat. Hist. III. 414 The hardims are of an olive-green color shaded with black, and below a pale yellow.

1976 Jrnl. Field Archaeol. 3 44/1 The ubiquitous hardun is still found in some numbers [at Abu Salem in the central Negev, Israel].

2008 E. Young Israel (Countries of World) 19 The star agama, or hardun, is the largest lizard in Israel.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	hardun
释义	hardunn. Brit. /hɑːˈduːn/, U.S. /ˌhɑrˈdun/ Forms: Middle English hardan, Middle English harden, 1800s hardim (irregular), 1800s– hardun. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from Arabic. Etymons: Latin hardanus; Arabic ḥardūn, ḥardōn, ḥirdawn. Etymology: Originally (i) < post-classical Latin hardanus (13th cent. in Bartholomaeus Anglicus: compare quot. a1398) < Arabic ḥardūn, (colloquial: Palestine) ḥardōn. In later use reborrowed (ii) < Arabic ḥardūn, (colloquial: Palestine) ḥardōn, variants of (literary) ḥirdawn, ḥirḏawn lizard < Aramaic ḥardōnā (compare Syriac ḥardānā).The origin of the form hardim (compare quot. 1885) is unclear; it may show a typographical error (perhaps for hardun), or perhaps a misapprehension of the Arabic plural form ḥarādīn . With recent use in a Palestinian context (compare quots. 1976, 2008) perhaps compare modern Hebrew ḥardōn lizard (already in post-biblical Hebrew; < Aramaic ḥardōnā). A common lizard of south-west Asia and north-west Africa, Stellagama stellio. Also called stellion, starred agama.The lizard was formerly placed in the genus Agama, Stellio, or Laudakia. In quot. a1398, rendering post-classical Latin cocodrillus crocodile n. (cf. quot. 1608), suggesting some confusion as to the identity of the reptile denoted. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > reptiles > order Squamata (lizards and snakes) > suborder Lacertilia (lizards) > [noun] > family Agamidae (dragon lizards) > member of genus Stellio stellion1382 harduna1398 Stellioa1425 star lizard1601 starry lizard1606 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xviii. xxi. 1160 Al his [sc. a chameleon's] body is rough and scharp as þe body of harden [L. sicut corpus hardani]. 1608 E. Topsell Hist. Serpents 127 The Hebreus haue many words which they vse for a Crocodile..which the Arabians render Hardun.] 1845 Catal. Lizards Brit. Mus. 255 The Stellion or Hardun. Stellio Cordylina. 1885 Standard Nat. Hist. III. 414 The hardims are of an olive-green color shaded with black, and below a pale yellow. 1976 Jrnl. Field Archaeol. 3 44/1 The ubiquitous hardun is still found in some numbers [at Abu Salem in the central Negev, Israel]. 2008 E. Young Israel (Countries of World) 19 The star agama, or hardun, is the largest lizard in Israel. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1398
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