hardwiringn.

Brit.

/ˌhɑːdˈwʌɪərɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˌhɑrdˈwaɪ(ə)rɪŋ/

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: hard adj., wiring n.

Etymology: < hard adj. + wiring n. Compare later hardwire v., and (with sense 2) slightly earlier hardwired adj. 2.

1. Originally: electrical wiring that is rigid or fixed to a rigid frame, conduit, etc., as opposed to wiring using a flexible wire or cable. In later use (chiefly Computing): the permanent connection of circuits designed to perform a specific, unchangeable, function; an instance of this. Also figurative.

ΚΠ

1907 Electr. Rev. 60 933/2 The use of flexible cord in places where hard wiring in conduit or wood casing could be used should be very strongly discouraged.

1935 E. S. Hodges Electr. & Fire Risk v. 78 Although a soldered joint is satisfactory for hard wiring (provided the joint is properly made), it is not permissible for joining flex to hard wires.

1963 Proc. of Techn. Program National Electronic Packaging & Production Conf. 192 Packaging—Hardwiring vs. Printed Circuits vs. Welding.

1981 Computerworld 9 Feb. (In Depth section) 10/4 Unfortunately, this backwiring (or hardwiring, as it was called) is extremely restrictive. It locks the user into only one set of operations or instructions.

1994 D. Rushkoff Cyberia v. xvi. 203 The hardwiring of our world through information and media networks has bred hackers capable of moving around the datasphere almost at will.

2011 S. V. Hatch Computerized Engine Controls xix. 246/1 Before the advent of multiplexing, each sensor was wired to each of the computers that needed that sensor's input with hard wiring.

2. Permanent or long-lasting synaptic connections within the nervous system; the establishment or existence of such connections, esp. through learning, conditioning, or repetition, as a means by which patterns of behaviour become standard or instinctive.

ΚΠ

1973 Exper. Neurol. 41 659 The crayfish motor systems appear to epitomize the concept of ‘hard-wiring’. Instead of reacting in a dynamic fashion to injury or disuse, these systems maintain both their morphological and functional properties for extremely long periods of time.

1993 E. M. Thomas Hidden Life Dogs Introd. p. viii With intellect..an organism such as a person or a dog can cope with a wide variety of problems that would require an enormous amount of hard-wiring if the behavioral solution to each problem were pre-programmed.

2002 Observer (Nexis) 20 Oct. 29 The hard-wiring that has occurred in well-parented babies and endowed them with the capacity to memorise has simply never happened.

2010 S. Fry Fry Chrons. 62 I have been hypnotized by Paul McKenna in an attempt to remove the hard wiring in my brain that associates writing with tobacco.

This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, June 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	hardwiring
释义	hardwiringn. Brit. /ˌhɑːdˈwʌɪərɪŋ/, U.S. /ˌhɑrdˈwaɪ(ə)rɪŋ/ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: hard adj., wiring n. Etymology: < hard adj. + wiring n. Compare later hardwire v., and (with sense 2) slightly earlier hardwired adj. 2. 1. Originally: electrical wiring that is rigid or fixed to a rigid frame, conduit, etc., as opposed to wiring using a flexible wire or cable. In later use (chiefly Computing): the permanent connection of circuits designed to perform a specific, unchangeable, function; an instance of this. Also figurative. ΚΠ 1907 Electr. Rev. 60 933/2 The use of flexible cord in places where hard wiring in conduit or wood casing could be used should be very strongly discouraged. 1935 E. S. Hodges Electr. & Fire Risk v. 78 Although a soldered joint is satisfactory for hard wiring (provided the joint is properly made), it is not permissible for joining flex to hard wires. 1963 Proc. of Techn. Program National Electronic Packaging & Production Conf. 192 Packaging—Hardwiring vs. Printed Circuits vs. Welding. 1981 Computerworld 9 Feb. (In Depth section) 10/4 Unfortunately, this backwiring (or hardwiring, as it was called) is extremely restrictive. It locks the user into only one set of operations or instructions. 1994 D. Rushkoff Cyberia v. xvi. 203 The hardwiring of our world through information and media networks has bred hackers capable of moving around the datasphere almost at will. 2011 S. V. Hatch Computerized Engine Controls xix. 246/1 Before the advent of multiplexing, each sensor was wired to each of the computers that needed that sensor's input with hard wiring. 2. Permanent or long-lasting synaptic connections within the nervous system; the establishment or existence of such connections, esp. through learning, conditioning, or repetition, as a means by which patterns of behaviour become standard or instinctive. ΚΠ 1973 Exper. Neurol. 41 659 The crayfish motor systems appear to epitomize the concept of ‘hard-wiring’. Instead of reacting in a dynamic fashion to injury or disuse, these systems maintain both their morphological and functional properties for extremely long periods of time. 1993 E. M. Thomas Hidden Life Dogs Introd. p. viii With intellect..an organism such as a person or a dog can cope with a wide variety of problems that would require an enormous amount of hard-wiring if the behavioral solution to each problem were pre-programmed. 2002 Observer (Nexis) 20 Oct. 29 The hard-wiring that has occurred in well-parented babies and endowed them with the capacity to memorise has simply never happened. 2010 S. Fry Fry Chrons. 62 I have been hypnotized by Paul McKenna in an attempt to remove the hard wiring in my brain that associates writing with tobacco. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, June 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1907
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