单词 | heavy |
释义 | heavyadj.1n. A. adj.1 I. In the primary physical sense, and uses connected therewith. 1. a. Of great weight; weighty, ponderous. The opposite of light. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > [adjective] ungladc888 wearyc888 drearyc1000 dreary-moodOE heavyc1000 unmerryOE droopy?c1225 mournc1275 sada1300 languishinga1325 amayedc1330 matec1330 unlightc1330 unblissful1340 lowa1382 mishappyc1390 dullc1393 elengely1393 droopinga1400 heavy-hearteda1400 joylessa1400 sytefula1400 mornifc1400 tristy?c1400 lightless?1406 heartlessa1413 tristc1420 amatec1425 languoring?c1425 mirthlessc1430 heavisome1435 darkc1440 gloomingc1440 comfortlessc1460 amateda1470 chermatc1475 tristfula1492 lustless?1507 dolorous1513 ruthful1513 downcast1521 deject1528 heartsicka1529 lumpisha1535 coolc1540 dowlyc1540 glum1547 discouraged1548 uncheerfulc1555 dumpish1560 out of heart1565 sadded1566 amoped1573 tristive1578 desolated1580 dejected1581 à la mort1586 delightless1589 afflicted1590 gladless1590 groanful1590 gloomya1593 muddy1592 sitheful1592 cloudy1594 leaden-hearted1596 disconsolated1598 clum1599 life-weary1599 spiritless1600 dusky1602 chop-fallen1604 flat1604 disanimated1605 jaw-fallen1605 moped1606 chap-fallen1608 decheerful1608 uncheerful1612 lacklustrea1616 pulled1616 dumpya1618 depressed1621 head-hung1632 grum1640 downa1644 dispirited1647 down-at-mouth1649 down in (rarely of) the mouth1649 unhearted1650 sunlessa1658 sadful1658 unlightened1659 chagrin1665 saddened1665 damp1667 moping1674 desponding1688 tristitious1694 unenjoying1697 unraised1697 unheartya1699 unked1698 despondent1699 dismal1705 unjoyful1709 unrejoiced1714 dreara1717 disheartened1720 mumpish1721 unrejoicing1726 downhearted1742 out of spirits1745 chagrineda1754 low-spirited1753 sombrea1767 black-blooded1771 glumpy1780 oorie1787 sombrous1789 morose1791 Novemberish1793 glumpish1800 mopeful1800 die-away1802 blue-devilish1804 blue-devilled1807 malagrugrous1818 down in the hip1826 yonderly1828 sunshineless1831 downfaced1832 broody1851 in a (or the) trough1856 blue-devilly1871 drooped1873 glummy1884 pippy1886 humpy1889 pipped1914 lousy1933 pissed1943 crappy1956 doomy1961 bummed1970 the world > matter > properties of materials > weight or relative heaviness > [adjective] > heavy heavyc1000 unlightc1330 sada1375 chargeousa1382 lumpinga1400 ponderousa1400 weighingc1400 poisant1477 peisant1483 wieldlya1500 weighty1500 peiseda1522 burdenous1529 weightful1530 grave1570 leaden1578 plumbeousa1586 wieldy1592 peisy1599 well-weighing?1615 lead-like1816 hefty1867 c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xxiii. 4 Hig bindað hefige byrþyna..and lecgeað þa uppan manna exla. c1200 Vices & Virtues (1888) 95 Ic am heui, al so he ðe is imaked of ierðe. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 17288 + 99 Who sal vus helpe to remou þat heuy stone? c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 289 Þis ax, þat is heue in-nogh. 1486 Bk. St. Albans D iij Looke..that thay be not to heuy ouer hir power to weyr. 1592 T. Tymme Plaine Discouerie Ten Eng. Lepers C iv b [A coate] too colde for winter, and too heavie and hote for sommer. 1665 R. Hooke Micrographia 204 It [the ant] was able to grasp and hold a heavy body, three or four times the bulk and weight of its own body. 1762 A. Dickson Treat. Agric. ii. v. 144 Bad tradesmen make this plough heavy and clumsy. 1853 W. Gregory Inorg. Chem. (ed. 3) 24 1 atom of oxygen will be eight times heavier than 1 atom of hydrogen. b. to lie, sit heavy upon (also at): chiefly figurative. ΚΠ 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III v. v. 71 Let me sit heauie on thy soule to morrow. View more context for this quotation 1638 R. Baker tr. J. L. G. de Balzac New Epist. II. 32 I have something, I know not what, lies heavy at my heart. 1721 G. Berkeley Ess. Preventing Ruine Great Brit. 25 This public Calamity that lieth so heavy on the Nation. c1726 A. Evans Elegy on Vanbrugh Lie heavy on him, earth! for he Laid many heavy loads on thee! 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 287 These burdens did not lie very heavy on the nation. c. Weighty because of the quantity present; hence, in large quantity or amount, abundant. Also of timber: consisting of large trees (U.S.). ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > [adjective] mickleeOE wideOE largec1300 greata1325 muchc1330 mightyc1390 millionc1390 dreicha1400 rudea1450 massive1581 massy1588 heavy1728 magnitudinous1777 powerful1800 almighty1824 tall1842 hefty1930 honking1943 mondo1968 the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > tree or woody plant > wood or assemblage of trees or shrubs > [adjective] > dense or consisting of large trees sounda1387 tighta1500 heavy1843 1728 A. Pope Dunciad i. 66 Heavy harvests nod beneath the snow. 1795 Gentleman's Mag. 65 539/1 Another sharp frost and heavy snow. 1835 Penny Cycl. III. 464/1 The early-sown crops are..in general the heaviest. 1843 Yale Lit. Mag. 8 406 In this patch of ‘heavy timber’. 1853 B. F. Taylor January & June (1871) 252 [The storm] went crashing on, into the heavy timber. 1857 D. Livingstone Missionary Trav. S. Afr. xix. 373 Virgin soil does not give such a heavy crop as an old garden. d. technical. Possessing (appreciable) weight. In Physics, applied to bodies whose weight may not be disregarded in calculations. ΚΠ 1871 P. G. Tait & W. J. Steele Dynamics of Particle (ed. 3) iv. Example 46 A heavy particle is projected from a given point with a given velocity. 2. a. Possessing great weight in proportion to bulk; of great specific gravity. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > constitution of matter > density or solidity > [adjective] > relating to measurement of specific gravity > of high specific gravity heavya1000 ponderous1531 weighty1585 a1000 Boeth. Metr. xx. 266 Eorþe is hefigre oðrum gesceaftum. a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Prov. xxvii. 3 Heuy is the ston, and charjous is the grauel. c1440 York Myst. xviii. 20 Hevye as leede. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 315/1 Heavy as golde is or any thyng that wayeth moche, massif. 1695 J. Woodward Ess. Nat. Hist. Earth Pref. sig. A5 According to the Order of their Gravity, those which are heaviest lying deepest in the Earth. 1838 T. Thomson Chem. Org. Bodies 608 An oil, deeper coloured..but equally heavy. b. Of bread, pastry, etc.: that has not properly ‘risen’, and is consequently dense and compact. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > bread > [adjective] > light or heavy light?c1425 livered1688 sad1688 well-risen1728 dunch1824 heavy1828 the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > pastry > [adjective] > qualities of pastry light?c1425 shortc1430 sad1688 well-risen1728 heavy1828 flaky1837 strudel1893 1828 N. Webster Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. Heavy..25. Not raised by leaven or fermentation; not light; clammy; as heavy bread. 1837–42 N. Whittock et al. Compl. Bk. Trades 17 Kneading..is..indispensable, or the dough would be in lumps and the bread heavy. 1859 ‘G. Eliot’ Adam Bede II. ii. xxi. 125 If the bread turned out heavy. 1887 S. Baring-Gould Red Spider II. xxix. 162 The pasty is heavy. c. Applied to elements whose specific gravity is relatively great; heavy metal (see also sense A. 6b): a metal of high specific gravity (see quot. 1955). ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > [noun] > of high specific gravity heavy metal1864 society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > types of metal generally > [noun] > other types of metal solar metal1800 light metal1810 fusible metal1853 heavy metal1864 semi-metal1912 superplastic1930 the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > [adjective] > of or relating to elements > whose specific gravity or atomic number is relatively high heavy1922 1864 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 17 126 In support of the view that thallium is one of the heavy metals, the following reasons may be given. 1868 J. N. Lockyer Elem. Lessons Astron. iii. 59 Platinum, the heaviest metal. 1903 Jrnl. Physiol. 29 165 Most of the heavy metals when injected directly into the circulation give rise to increased movements of plain muscle throughout the body. 1922 F. W. Aston Isotopes viii. 101 The nucleus of the atom of an ordinary element (not hydrogen)..is very small compared with the atom itself. Its dimensions can be roughly determined by actual experiment in the case of the heavy elements. 1936 Discovery Feb. 36/1 Heavy elements, such as gold, silver, and lead. 1936 R. P. Bell tr. N. J. Bjerrum Inorg. Chem. 213 The metals fall naturally into two groups: the light metals with densities below four, and the heavy metals with densities above seven... The heavy metals have their electrons more firmly bound and are less electropositive than the light metals. 1946 Monthly Notices Royal Astron. Soc. CVI. 357 Material at any point..on the other side of the curve is composed almost entirely of heavy elements, the main mass of the elements in the latter case having atomic weight greater than 50. 1955 Chem. & Engin. News 2 May 1902/2 Karl F. Heumann wonders what is meant by ‘heavy metal’. One authority says it is any metal having a specific gravity greater than 4.0. Another says it is sometimes applied to those of sp. gr. 5.0 or over... Has ‘heavy metal’ ever been officially defined? 1961 Jrnl. Chem. Educ. 38 67/1 The present treatment will be restricted to the main process responsible for the heavy elements, of mass number A greater than 70. 1972 Science 14 Apr. 161 (title) Enrichment of heavy metals and organic compounds in the surface microlayer of Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island. d. Physics. Of hydrogen: consisting of the isotope deuterium (which is of greater mass than protium, the normal isotope). Of a compound of hydrogen: having some or all of the hydrogen isotope present as deuterium. So heavy water n. deuterium oxide, D2O, or a mixture of this with ordinary water. heavy-water-moderated adj. of a nuclear reactor: employing heavy water as a moderator. heavy water reactor n. a nuclear reactor in which the moderator is heavy water.This usage is occasionally extended to the isotopes of other elements to designate an isotope that is of greater mass than the normal isotope. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > atomic nucleus > radioactive isotope > [noun] > heavy water heavy water1933 the world > matter > physics > atomic nucleus > radioactive isotope > [adjective] > heavy heavy1933 1933 Nature 22 Apr. 590/2 Heavy water freezes when surrounded by melting ice. 1933 Jrnl. Chem. Physics June 344/2 Let us make an estimate of the amount of the heavy hydrogen isotope in ordinary water. 1933 Discovery July 211/1 For the first time in history a chemical element has been divided into two completely different parts. A new ‘heavy’ hydrogen has been separated from the old. 1933 Science 29 Dec. 602/1 In fact, if there were only two waters, two ammonias, and so forth, the names ‘light water’, ‘heavy water’, ‘light ammonia’ and ‘heavy ammonia’ would be very satisfactory indeed. 1934 Discovery Jan. 1/1 There is one part only of heavy hydrogen to 35,000 parts of light hydrogen. 1934 Times Educ. Suppl. 18 Aug. p. i/2 The newly discovered ‘heavy water’ or deuterium oxide in Antarctic snow. 1935 Discovery June 179/2 ‘Heavy water’..is rich in deuterium, the hydrogen isotope of mass 2. 1936 Punch 23 Sept. 337/1 ‘Heavy-water’, the newly-discovered fluid, costs £120 a teaspoonful. 1937 Discovery Oct. 317/1 The value of heavy nitrogen for research in physiological chemistry is inestimable. 1938 Encycl. Brit. Bk. of Year 320/1 ‘Heavy water’ or deuterium oxide is now manufactured commercially and is an article of commerce. 1938 R. W. Lawson tr. G. von Hevesy & F. A. Paneth Man. Radioactivity (ed. 2) xx. 187 The properties of ‘heavy hydrogen’ or ‘deuterium’..differ..strongly from those of the much more abundant ordinary hydrogen. 1941 in M. Gowing Brit. & Atomic Energy 1939–45 (1964) App. ii. 395 We know that Germany has taken a great deal of trouble to secure supplies of the substance known as heavy water. 1945 H. D. Smyth Gen. Acct. Devel. Atomic Energy Mil. Purposes i. 11 A frequently used ‘beam’ source of neutrons results from accelerated deuterons impinging on ‘heavy water’ ice. 1946 Electronic Engin. 18 142 The deuteron..which is the nucleus of heavy hydrogen, or deuterium. 1947 J. G. Crowther & R. Whiddington Sci. at War 145 The slow neutrons produced by the uranium and heavy-water system would transmute many uranium atoms into the new element plutonium. 1955 Ann. Reg. 1954 393 Dimple (deuterium moderated pile, low energy) was Britain's first heavy water reactor. 1956 Nature 4 Feb. 205/2 Three enriched-uranium heavy-water-moderated..reactors are under construction. 1958 Listener 28 Aug. 294/2 Producing heavy water from electricity from the proposed Aswan High Dam. 1964 M. Gowing Brit. & Atomic Energy 1939–45 ii. 73 Meanwhile doubts grew about the wisdom of pressing the Americans too hard about the heavy water project. 3. Great with young; gravid, pregnant. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > pregnancy or gestation > [adjective] greatc1175 with childc1175 with childc1300 baggeda1400 bounda1400 pregnant?a1425 quicka1450 greaterc1480 heavyc1480 teeming1530 great-bellied1533 big1535 boundenc1540 impregnate1540 great-wombeda1550 young with child1566 gravid1598 pregnate1598 pagled1599 enceinte1602 child-great1605 conceived1637 big-bellieda1646 brooding1667 in the (also a) family way1688 in the (also that) way1741 undelivered1799 ensient1818 enwombeda1822 in a delicate condition1827 gestant1851 in pod1890 up the (also a) pole1918 in a particular condition1922 preg?1927 in the spud line1937 up the spout1937 preggy1938 up the stick1941 preggers1942 in pig1945 primigravid1949 preggo1951 in a certain condition1958 gestating1961 up the creek1961 in the (pudding) cluba1966 gravidated- c1480 (a1400) St. Mary Magdalen 396 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 267 Suppose with barne scho hewy ware. a1684 R. Leighton Pract. Comm. 1st Epist. Peter (1693) I. 485 When they are big and heavy with some inward exercise of mind. 1884 R. Jefferies Red Deer ii. 32 Two of them were heavy in calf. 4. Increased in weight by the addition of something; laden with. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > abundance > [adjective] > abounding in or having abundance fulleOE ranka1250 broada1300 rifec1325 copiousa1387 wealthful ofa1400 plaina1450 heavy-ladenc1450 fluenta1592 onust1604 heavy1622 onusted1657 opulent1685 aflooda1729 rowtha1774 acrawl1830 lousy1843 awash1912 1622 F. Bacon Hist. Raigne Henry VII 160 His Men heauie and laden with bootie. 1726 G. Leoni tr. L. B. Alberti Architecture I. 65/2 Winds..from the West..are heavyest at Sun-rise. 1840 M. R. Mitford in A. G. L'Estrange Life M. R. Mitford (1870) III. vii. 109 The very air heavy with the rich perfume of the seringas and acacias. 1888 ‘L. Malet’ Counsel of Perfection 63 The words seeming to her heavy with meaning. 1888 ‘L. Malet’ Counsel of Perfection 290 This hour, heavy though it was with possible sorrow. 5. a. Applied technically to classes of goods, manufactured articles, breeds of animals, etc., of more than a defined or usual weight. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > weight or relative heaviness > [adjective] > heavy > unusually heavy1617 superheavy1822 heavyweight1895 1617 F. Moryson Itinerary iii. 56 They have not heavy luggage. 1617 F. Moryson Itinerary iii. 95 They have a race of heavy Horses. 1883 B. M. Croker Pretty Miss Neville (1884) xiii. 110 Your heavy baggage—is it all right? 1887 Daily News 2 May 2/7 In heavy woollens..there is a little more doing. 1895 Daily News 3 Jan. 5/3 Precedence is as usual given to the exhibition of heavy horses, colloquially known as ‘shires’. b. transferred. Connected or concerned with the manufacture, carriage, etc. of such articles. Esp. in heavy industry. Hence heavy-industrial adj. Also heavy chemicals: see chemical n. 2b. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > [adjective] > types of industry generally heavy1888 light industrial1919 sheltered1924 military-industrial1925 Tayacian1934 footloose1939 linked1942 low technology1956 high technology1964 smokestack1976 old economy1990 society > occupation and work > industry > [noun] > types of industry generally rural industry1735 heavies1900 sunset1906 cottage industry1911 light industry1916 heavy industry1932 resource industry1938 nuclear industry1954 growth industry1957 space industry1957 knowledge industry1959 sex industry1965 sunrise1972 smokestack industry1979 Tayacian1979 sausage fest1995 1888 Literary World 7 Sept. 179/1 The father became a curate in the Heavy Woollen District of Yorkshire. 1894 Daily News 19 Mar. 3/7 Those engaged in the heavy steel trades. 1896 Westm. Gaz. 9 July 6/1 The passenger lines have secured gains on increases a year ago, but on some of the ‘heavy’ lines less satisfactory results are shown. 1932 Times 5 Jan. 11/2 The Central Committee of the Communist Party has decided to reorganize the Union Supreme Economic Council, which is to be styled Commissariat of Heavy Industries. 1938 Archit. Rev. 83 117/2 The majority of ‘heavy’ industries are of the latter type. 1938 Times 17 Feb. 16/1 The comparatively high price of iron and steel in Japan (a result of the artificial character of heavy-industrial growth in a country with insufficient ore and unsuitable coal). 1944 J. S. Huxley On Living in Revol. i. iii. 6 The deliberate encouragement of heavy industry under a Five Year Plan, at the expense of all other kinds of enterprise which would have flourished in a laisser-faire economy, is the most clear-cut example. 1957 L. F. R. Williams State of Israel 44 The raw materials required by her expanding heavy and light industries. 6. a. Applied to ordnance of the larger kind. Also applied to aerial bombs. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > piece of artillery > [adjective] > other attributes of artillery single1546 light1687 well-served1700 reverse1702 heavy1728 Thompson1872 society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > explosive device > [adjective] > types of bomb incendiary1871 heavy1917 dirty1956 smart bomb1970 enhanced radiation1976 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Artillery There was no attacking such a Place for want of heavy Artillery. 1813 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1838) X. 479 I have not by me the state of the heavy ordnance and stores which were sent. 1828 N. Webster Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. (at cited word) Heavy metal, in military affairs, signifies large guns, carrying balls of a large size, or it is applied to large balls themselves. 1846 H. H. Wilson Hist. Brit. India 1805–35 II. i. 24 Heavy guns were brought up..and preparations were made to carry the fort by storm. 1889 Cent. Dict. at Artillery Heavy Artillery [U.S.], all artillery not formed into batteries or equipped for field evolutions. 1917 ‘Contact’ Airman's Outings 206 A line of narrow-nosed buses, with heavy bombs fitted under the lower planes, ready to leave for their objective. b. figurative heavy metal n. (see quot. 1882). ΚΠ 1882 Ogilvie's Imperial Dict. (new ed.) (at cited word) Heavy metal, guns or shot of large size; hence, fig. ability, mental or bodily; power, influence; as, he is a man of heavy metal; also, a person or persons of great ability or power, mental or bodily; used generally of one who is or is to be another's opponent in any contest; as, we had to do with heavy metal. (Colloq.) 7. Military. Carrying heavy arms or equipment; heavily armed or equipped: said chiefly of soldiers (who are themselves usually specially selected for their height and weight). heavy (marching) order: see quot. 1883. (Cf. B. 1.) Also of military aircraft, descriptive of a large type of bombing aeroplane. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > [noun] > equipment for specific occasion fleabag1811 heavy (marching) order1836 drill order1837 marching order1848 field-day order1874 review order1874 blanket-roll1891 society > armed hostility > military equipment > arming or equipping with weapons > [adjective] > heavily strong-armedc1384 weighty1581 heavy1836 heavy-armed1836 society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > aeroplane > [adjective] > type of bomber heavy1921 kamikaze1944 interdictor1965 1836 Penny Cycl. VI. 389/1 The heavy cavalry in general carry carabines, pistols and swords; and the light cavalry very small carabines, pistols, and sabres. 1838 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece V. 43 To raise an army of 20,000 heavy infantry and 500 cavalry. 1844 Queen's Regulations & Orders Army 55 To be frequently paraded, and exercised at least once a week in Heavy Marching Order. 1869 E. A. Parkes Man. Pract. Hygiene (ed. 3) 394 The soldier..when he marches in time of peace in heavy order, carries his pack, kit, haversack. 1883 H. P. Smith Gloss. Terms & Phr. Heavy order or heavy marching order, that of a soldier equipped and carrying, besides his arms and ammunition, complete kit, and great coat, amounting altogether to about 60 pounds. 1885 Ld. Tennyson (title) Charge of the Heavy Brigade. 1921 Flight 13 615/2 The S.E.5's made the first attack, and dropped about 40 25-lb Cooper bombs, with the object of..preparing the way for the heavy bombers. 1939 War Illustr. 18 Dec. 459 Described as modern heavy bombers, these 'planes of the Red Air Force are certainly larger than any standard bomber in the British Air Force. II. Expressing the action or operation of things physically weighty. 8. Having great momentum; striking or falling with force or violence. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > falling > [adjective] > with force or violence heavy1489 1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) ii. 372 He him selff..Sa hard and sa hewy dyntis gave. a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 109 With haill and havy schouris. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. viii. sig. G8 The stroke vpon his shield so heauie lites. 1663 S. Butler Hudibras: First Pt. i. ii. 138 Like feather-bed betwixt a Wall, And heavy brunt of Cannon-ball. 1805 in Ld. Nelson Dispatches & Lett. (1846) VII. 166 (note) The Enemy opened a very heavy fire on the Royal Sovereign. 1857 T. Hughes Tom Brown's School Days i. v. 122 They mean heavy play and no mistake. 1865 P. H. Gosse Land & Sea (1874) 5 A heavy sea running outside. 1888 ‘Mrs. Alexander’ Life Interest I. x. 198 A heavy thunderstorm came on. 9. a. Of ground, a road, etc.: that clings or hangs heavily to the spade, feet, wheels, etc., and thus impedes motion or manipulation; soft and tenacious. Also transferred. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > soil qualities > [adjective] > soft or yielding rotten?1440 mellow1531 sour1532 unctuous1555 heavy1577 omy1673 mellowed1798 sinky1828 the world > the earth > land > ground > [adjective] > condition for movement foec1400 smoothc1400 soft?1523 skelp1607 heavy1710 tender1727 severe1881 holding1891 underfoot1976 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 22v If you breake vp newe ground, yf it be riche, heauie, and prepared for seede, it suffiseth to plowe it once. 1710 S. Sewall Diary 1 Dec. (1973) II. 648 The ways were heavy. 1720 D. Defoe Life Capt. Singleton 112 The Sand was no where so deep and heavy. 1826 R. Whately Elements Logic iii. 147 Universally what are called heavy soils are specifically the lightest. 1837 Boston (Lincs.) Herald 3 Jan. 2 Scarcely any of the mail-coaches arrived in London before half-past 8 o'clock, owing to the heavy state of the roads. a1862 H. D. Thoreau Cape Cod (1865) iii. 27 That we should find it very ‘heavy’ walking in the sand. 1884 James Lillywhite's Cricketers' Ann. ii. i. 44 The ground was so heavy from recent rains. b. Golf. Of a ball: lying in sand. ΚΠ 1886 H. G. Hutchinson Hints on Golf 39 When lying ‘heavy’..bear in mind that it is better to hit the ball with the iron than to miss it with a spoon. 10. That weighs upon the stomach; difficult of digestion. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > qualities of food > [adjective] > indigestible > not easily digested holdingc1400 heavy1574 restraining1597 1574 T. Newton tr. G. Gratarolo Direct. Health Magistrates & Studentes L ij Mullets and Barbilles..fried..are heauie and hard to digest. 1661 R. Lovell Πανζωορυκτολογια, sive Panzoologicomineralogia Isagoge D4v In respect of Sexe, the males are more strong, dry, and heavy of digestion. a1745 J. Swift Remarks upon Bk. in Wks. (1762) X. 116 It may lie heavy on her Stomach; that she will grow too big to get back into her Hole. 1842 J. Wilson Health in Ess. (1856) 172 Bacon is a coarse and heavy food. 11. heavy in (also on, upon) hand: said of a horse that bears or hangs on the bit. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > habits and actions of horse > [adjective] > that pulls against bit heavy in (also on, upon) hand1682 1682 London Gaz. No. 1708/4 A Spring Snaffle, that Commandeth with the greatest ease imaginable, all hard-mouthed Run-away Horses..and those that ride heavy in hand. 1831 Johnson Sportsman's Cycl. (at cited word) A horse is said to be heavy in hand, when from want of spirit he goes sluggishly on, bearing his whole weight upon the bit. 1857 G. A. Lawrence Guy Livingstone xi. 106 Poor Bella! how heavy on hand she will find him. III. Weighty in import, grave, serious. 12. Of great import; weighty, important; serious, grave. Now rare or Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > importance > [adjective] > grave or serious heavy971 highOE earnestfula1400 solemn1420 weighty1489 ponderousa1500 chargeablea1513 serious1531 earnest1533 gravous1535 capitala1538 deep1598 grave1824 971 Blickl. Hom. 101 Eac we magon geþencean þæt þæt hefigre is þæt man [etc.]. c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xxiii. 23 Ge forleton þa þing þe synt hefegran [c1160 Hatton G. hefegeren], þære æ dom, and mildheortnysse, and geleafan. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 62 For þe selt speche þe wordes weren heuie. & hefden muche machte. 1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 ii. iv. 63 Some heauy businesse hath my Lord in hand. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) ii. v. 45 Trust him not in matter of heauie consequence. View more context for this quotation 1890 Spectator 6 Dec. To make a graver, and, if we may be allowed the adjective, a heavier speech. 13. a. Grave, severe, deep, profound, intense. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > [adjective] hardOE heavyc1000 highOE highlyOE stourc1275 largec1330 intensec1400 violent1430 profoundc1450 vehementc1485 intensive1526 advanceda1533 vengeable1532 Herculean1602 well-advanced1602 deep1605 dense1732 abysmal1817 intensitive1835 holy1837 high-level1860 major1942 c1000 Laws Eccl. Inst. xxvii, in B. Thorpe Anc. Laws Eng. (1840) II. 424 Hwa..on swa hefige scylde gehreose. c1050 Byrhtferth's Handboc in Anglia (1885) 8 320 Wið hefigum synnum. a1123 Anglo-Saxon Chron. anno 1106 Ðises geares eac wæron swiðe hefige and sinlice gewinn betwux þam Casere..and his sunu. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 51 Ulcne mon..þet lið in heuie sunne. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 10028 Full off hefiȝ dwilde. 1593 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie i. i. 48 A number of heauie preiudices deepely rooted in the hearts of men. 1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 196 (margin) The hayuie hatred and Jnuie of the Pechtes towarde the Scottis. 1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 827 A dead march sounded, and heauie silence commaunded to be kept through all the campe. 1801 J. Strutt Glig-gamena Angel-ðeod ii. i. 50 In the sixteenth century we meet with heavy complaints respecting the disuse of the long~bow. 1820 P. B. Shelley Œdipus Tyrannus i. 25 The heaviest sin on this side of the Alps! 1861 C. Dickens Let. 1 Feb. (1997) IX. 381 You have read in the papers of our heavy English frost. b. Of an amatory relationship: intense, intensive; spec. heavy petting: non-coital physical contact between two people, involving sexual stimulation of the genitals. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > love > love affair > [adjective] > intense or intensive heavy1952 the world > physical sensation > sexual relations > sexual activity > other types of sexual activity or intercourse > [noun] > stimulation of genitals mutual masturbation1884 fingerplay1941 heavy petting1952 1952 M. R. Rinehart Swimming Pool xii. 111 He has a sort of heavy date here with a girl called Janey. 1959 ‘M. Neville’ Sweet Night for Murder vii. 76 Duncan was making a very heavy pass at Cathy. 1960 ‘M. Caine’ S Man 126 What is called ‘heavy petting’ in which frank exploration of each other's bodies is permitted. 1968 M. Richler Cocksure xviii. 111 His thirteen-year-old daughter was the only girl in the fifth form to stop at..heavy petting. 1972 Daily Tel. 29 Jan. 2/6 Heavy petting between boys and girls is not discouraged and intercourse is described in some detail. IV. Having the aspect, effect, sound, etc. of heaviness. 14. a. Of the sky, clouds, etc.: overcast with dark clouds; lowering, gloomy. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > bad weather > [adjective] > threatening louringa1450 heavy1582 loury1686 sinister1838 1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis iii. 61 Thee welken is heauye. 1596 Bp. W. Barlow tr. L. Lavater Three Christian Serm. Ded. 82 Who so obserued our heauie heauens. 1876 ‘Mrs. Alexander’ Her Dearest Foe I. 304 A mild, heavy day. b. figurative, esp. in to make heavy weather of: to make (unnecessary) fuss or labour over. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > of difficulty: beset (a person) [verb (transitive)] > make difficult > make unnecessary difficulty over to make heavy weather of1915 the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > [verb (transitive)] > perform with labour, toil at > unnecessarily to make heavy weather of1915 1915 ‘I. Hay’ First Hundred Thousand i. xiii. §2 The feckless and muddle-headed, making heavy weather of the simplest tasks. 1955 Times 21 July 8/5 The Geneva conference ran into heavy weather this morning, but made some ground later. 1957 Listener 24 Oct. 664/1 He makes rather heavy weather of the difference. 1960 V. Gielgud To Bed at Noon i. xii. 92 Aren't you making rather heavy weather out of nothing? 15. Having comparatively much thickness or substance; thick, coarse; also, massive in conformation or outline; wanting in gracefulness, lightness, elegance, or delicacy. heavy face (numerals or type): having a broader outline, and printing thicker than the ordinary. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > bad taste > lack of refinement > [adjective] untheweda1325 unbenec1400 incondite1539 undight1555 ungentle1565 impolished1583 transalpinea1592 impolited1598 uncourtly1598 tartarous1602 impolite1612 unelevated1627 unfashioned1630 unbrushed1640 unhewed1644 hirsute1658 unhewn1659 inelegant1667 sordid1668 ingenteel1694 barbarous1700 ungracefula1732 tramontane1740 uninformed1754 clumsy1758 heavy1817 uncharmed1818 nettle-rough1850 blowzy1851 mal élevé1878 inexquisite1922 pseudo-sophisticated1925 1817 W. Scott Rob Roy I. vi. 115 The good humour and content which was expressed in their heavy features. 1817 W. Scott Rob Roy II. vi. 126 We feel that its appearance is heavy, yet that the effect produced would be destroyed were it lighter or more ornamental. 1859 J. M. Jephson & L. Reeve Narr. Walking Tour Brittany v. 54 The church, like most of the purely monastic buildings..is heavy. 1860 N.Y. Times 24 May 5/6 (advt.) Attention is called to a new series of Large and Heavy Face Type. 1886 F. L. Shaw Col. Cheswick's Camp. I. x. 217 With heavy renaissance porch and wide spreading flight of granite steps. 1891 J. Winsor Columbus xxi. 524 The heavy face numerals show the successive holders of the honors of Columbus. a1898 Mod. The heavy lines of the drawing. Make a heavier stroke. His handwriting is heavy and clumsy. 1898 J. Southward Mod. Printing I. xxii. 140 The first would be called a light face, and the second a heavy face. 1934 Language 10 220 Dialect-words are regularly transcribed in heavy-face type. 16. Having a sound like that made by a weighty object; loud and deep. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > loudness > [adjective] > loud and deep heavy1810 1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake i. 5 The deep-mouthed blood-hound's heavy bay Resounded up the rocky way. 1819 P. B. Shelley Julian & Maddalo 97 Listen well If you hear not a deep and heavy bell. 1845 Hawkstone (1846) I. xxvii. 383 One heavy tramp he could hear close at his side. a. Of an accent: = grave adj.1 Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > thing heard > [adjective] > pitch > low in pitch bassa1450 heavy1589 broad1607 grave1609 deepa1616 gravitoned1657 low-pitched1811 deep-drawn1860 1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie ii. vi. 65 To the lowest and most base because it seemed to fall downe rather then to rise vp, they gaue the name of the heauy accent. b. Of a line in Old English verse: containing more than the normal number of stressed elements. Also, more generally, opposed to light adj.1 18. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > versification > rhythm > [adjective] > accentual > stressed > having more stresses than normal heavy1893 1893 J. Lawrence Chapters Allit. Verse 46 Verses with double alliteration are as a rule heavier than those with single. 1948 Mod. Philol. 46 81 These heavy and extra-heavy verses, are the exceptions. 1958 A. J. Bliss Metre of Beowulf 8 There are also many verses which contain three stressed elements instead of the normal two: blæd | wide | sprang 18 b... All verses of this kind are here termed ‘heavy’ verses. V. Having the slow or dull action of what is weighty. 18. Of persons, their qualities, etc.: ponderous and slow in intellectual processes; wanting in facility, vivacity, or lightness; †slow of understanding, inapprehensive, dull, stupid (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > stupidity, dullness of intellect > [adjective] sloweOE stuntc960 dullOE hardOE stuntlyc1000 sotc1050 dillc1175 dulta1225 simplea1325 heavy1340 astonedc1374 sheepishc1380 dull-witteda1387 lourd1390 steerishc1411 ass-likea1425 brainless?a1439 deafc1440 sluggishc1450 short-witted1477 obtuse1509 peakish1519 wearish1519 deaf, or dumb as a beetle1520 doileda1522 gross1526 headlessa1530 stulty1532 ass-headed1533 pot-headed1533 stupid?1541 sheep's head1542 doltish1543 dumpish1545 assish1548 blockish1548 slow-witted1548 blockheaded1549 surd1551 dull-headed1552 hammer-headed1552 skit-brained?1553 buzzardly1561 witless1562 log-headeda1566 assy1566 sottish1566 dastardly1567 stupidious1567 beetle-headed1570 calvish1570 bluntish1578 cod's-headed1578 grout-headed1578 bedaft1579 dull-pated1580 blate1581 buzzard-like1581 long-eared1582 dullard1583 woodena1586 duncical1588 leaden-headed1589 buzzard1592 dorbellical1592 dunstical1592 heavy-headeda1593 shallow-brained1592 blunt-witted1594 mossy1597 Bœotian1598 clay-brained1598 fat1598 fat-witted1598 knotty-pated1598 stupidous1598 wit-lost1599 barren1600 duncifiedc1600 lourdish1600 stockish1600 thick1600 booby1603 leaden-pated1603 partless1603 thin-headed1603 leaden-skulledc1604 blockhead1606 frost-brained1606 ram-headed1608 beef-witted1609 insulse1609 leaden-spirited1609 asininec1610 clumse1611 blockheadly1612 wattle-headed1613 flata1616 logger-headeda1616 puppy-headeda1616 shallow-patedc1616 thick-brained1619 half-headed1621 buzzard-blinda1625 beef-brained1628 toom-headed1629 thick-witted1634 woollen-witted1635 squirrel-headed1637 clod-pated1639 lean-souled1639 muddy-headed1642 leaden-witteda1645 as sad as any mallet1645 under-headed1646 fat-headed1647 half-witted1647 insipid1651 insulsate1652 soft-headed1653 thick-skulleda1657 muddish1658 non-intelligent1659 whey-brained1660 sap-headed1665 timber-headed1666 leather-headeda1668 out of (one's) tree1669 boobily1673 thoughtless1673 lourdly1674 logger1675 unintelligenta1676 Bœotic1678 chicken-brained1678 under-witted1683 loggerhead1684 dunderheaded1692 unintelligible1694 buffle-headed1697 crassicc1700 numbskulled1707 crassous1708 doddy-polled1708 haggis-headed1715 niddy-noddy1722 muzzy1723 pudding-headed1726 sumphish1728 pitcher-souleda1739 duncey1743 hebete1743 chuckheaded1756 dumb1756 duncely1757 imbecile1766 mutton-headed1768 chuckle-headed1770 jobbernowl1770 dowfarta1774 boobyish1778 wittol1780 staumrel1787 opaquec1789 stoopid1791 mud-headed1793 borné1795 muzzy-headed1798 nog-headed1800 thick-headed1801 gypit1804 duncish1805 lightweight1809 numbskull1814 tup-headed1816 chuckle-pate1820 unintellectuala1821 dense1822 ninnyish1822 dunch1825 fozy1825 potato-headed1826 beef-headed1828 donkeyish1831 blockheadish1833 pinheaded1837 squirrel-minded1837 pumpkin-headed1838 tomfoolish1838 dundering1840 chicken-headed1842 like a bump on a log1842 ninny-minded1849 numbheadeda1852 nincompoopish1852 suet-brained1852 dolly1853 mullet-headed1853 sodden1853 fiddle-headed1854 numb1854 bovine1855 logy1859 crass1861 unsmart1861 off his chump1864 wooden-headed1865 stupe1866 lean-minded1867 duffing1869 cretinous1871 doddering1871 thick-head1873 doddling1874 stupido1879 boneheaded1883 woolly-headed1883 leaden-natured1889 suet-headed1890 sam-sodden1891 dopey1896 turnip-headed1898 bonehead1903 wool-witted1905 peanut-headed1906 peanut-brained1907 dilly1909 torpid-minded1909 retardate1912 nitwitted1917 meat-headed1918 mug1922 cloth-headed1925 loopy1925 nitwit1928 lame-brained1929 dead from the neck up1930 simpy1932 nail-headed1936 square-headed1936 dingbats1937 pinhead1939 dim-witted1940 pea-brained1942 clueless1943 lobotomized1943 retarded1949 pointy-headed1950 clottish1952 like a stunned mullet1953 silly (or crazy) as a two-bob watch1954 out to lunch1955 pin-brained1958 dozy1959 eejity1964 out of one's tiny mind1965 doofus1967 twitty1967 twittish1969 twatty1975 twattish1976 blur1977 dof1979 goofus1981 dickheaded1991 dickish1991 numpty1992 cockish1996 the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > stupidity, dullness of intellect > clumsy stupidity, oafishness > [adjective] heavy1340 plump1481 chubbish1566 lubberlike1572 lubberly1580 oafish1682 chubbed1702 slobbish1833 joulter1854 landlubberly1860 slobby1872 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 31 Þe man is zuo heui þet ne loueþ bote to ligge and resti and slepe. a1400–50 Alexander 2708 Bot parde, þi prouidence impossible it semes, A heuy As to be houyn vp to þe sternes. a1425 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Galba) l. 27789 Wanhope..makes a man lath for to lere, And heuy in hert sarmon to here. a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) ii. i. 146 O heauy ignorance, that praises the worst best. 1667 S. Pepys Diary 23 Oct. (1974) VIII. 499 The heaviest man in the world. 1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew A heavy Fellow, a dull Blockish Slug. 1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 132. ⁋1 A Set of heavy honest Men, with whom I have passed many Hours with much Indolence. 1873 J. R. Lowell Among my Bks. 2nd Ser. 259 If there is anything worse..it is a heavy man when he fancies he is being facetious. 19. Acting or moving slowly, clumsily, or with difficulty; wanting in briskness or alacrity; slow, sluggish; unwieldy. a. of material objects. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > slowness of action or operation > [adjective] lateeOE slackc1000 slowc1225 heavya1400 lent14.. slowfulc1400 sloth1412 latesomea1425 sluggedc1430 sluggingc1430 tardy1483 lingeringa1547 tarde1547 sleuth1567 snailish1581 slow-moving1592 lagging1597 snail-paced1597 snail-slow1600 slow-pacing1616 snail-like1639 sluggish1640 ignave1657 languishing1693 slow-stepping1793 lentitudinous1801 somnolent1812 slow-coachish1844 tardigradous1866 vermigrade1938 slow-cooking1968 the world > action or operation > difficulty > [adjective] > having difficulty > progressing with difficulty heavya1400 uphill1821 struggling1839 the world > movement > rate of motion > slowness > [adjective] > moving slowly > and with difficulty heavya1400 a1400–50 Alexander 5572 With heuy hedis and hoge as horses it were. a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 54 Of them..we have over many wych al togyddur make our polytyke body unweldy & hevy & as hyt were to be grevyd wyth grosse humorys. a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) iii. iii. 43 If that surly spirit melancholy Had bak'd thy bloud, and made it heauy, thicke. View more context for this quotation 1674 N. Cox Gentleman's Recreation ii. 130 More creese than the Lanner, and more heavy and sluggish in her flight. a1700 J. Dryden tr. Ovid Pythagorean Philos. in Wks. (1808) XII. 221 His heels too heavy, and his head too light. 1808 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1837) IV. 45 I understand that some of the transports you have with you are heavy sailers. 1844 E. B. Browning Brown Rosary ii. 77 He flapped his heavy wing all brokenly and weak. 1962 Which? Car Suppl. Oct. 117/1 The Riley 4/72's steering was somewhat heavy and imprecise. 1962 Which? Car Suppl. Oct. 119/2 The Ford Taunus foot brake was not too heavy at 30 mph but needed a great deal of pressure for gentle stops at 60 mph. b. of abstract things. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > feeling of weariness or tedium > [adjective] > wearisome or tedious > of time heavy1600 whiling1712 1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream v. i. 361 The heauie gate of night. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) iv. i. 47 Still and anon cheer'd vp the heauy time. View more context for this quotation 1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding To Rdr. sig. A3 The diversion of some of my idle and heavy Hours. 1816 Ld. Byron Parisina xx, in Siege of Corinth 88 Sleepless nights and heavy days. c. Time is said to lie or hang heavy, when its passage seems slow and tedious. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > feeling of weariness or tedium > be or become wearied or bored [verb (intransitive)] > pass tediously (of time) to lie or hang heavy1702 while1712 1702 G. Farquhar Inconstant v. iii. 77 My time lyes heavy on my hands. 1794 Abbé Mann in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eminent Literary Men (1843) (Camden) 444 My time does not hang heavy on my hands. 1842 Ld. Tennyson Lady Clara Vere de Vere in Poems (new ed.) I. 158 If Time be heavy on your hands, Are there no beggars at your gate, Nor any poor about your lands? d. Of market conditions. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > trading conditions > [adjective] > specific state of market simplea1387 glutted1714 heavy1831 saturated1848 soft1849 hard1880 firm1887 market clearing1950 demand-led1981 1831 Lincoln Herald 30 Sept. 1 The oat trade is heavy, and this grain may be quoted full 1s. per qr. under our last quotation. 1843 Times 20 May 7/3 The English securities were heavy again to-day. 1935 Economist 2 Feb. 261/2 Japanese bonds were heavy. 1962 S. Strand Marketing Dict. 339 Heavy market, a market of declining prices. e. heavy going: see going n. 6b. 20. a. Of things, esp. artistic or literary productions: wanting in vivacity; dull; ponderous; tedious, uninteresting. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > feeling of weariness or tedium > [adjective] > wearisome or tedious > of things heavy1601 bloodless?c1622 vapid1790 weighty1828 soggy1928 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 533 Polygnotus the Thasian..represented much variety of countenance, far different from the rigorous and heauy looke of the visage beforetime. 1638 F. Junius Painting of Ancients 61 Without such a force of phantasie the whole labour of their braines will be but a heavie, dull, and life-lesse piece of worke. a1745 J. Swift Remarks upon Bk. in Wks. (1762) X. 95 It may still be a Wonder how so heavy a Book..should survive to three Editions. 1846 T. Wright Ess. Middle Ages II. xix. 257 The longer poems..of the first half of the fourteenth century are dull and heavy. 1863 C. C. Clarke Shakespeare-characters xv. 383 This play..has been denominated a ‘heavy one’, which means that it is not distinguished by various and rapid action, or abrupt and startling incident. b. Of newspapers, journals, etc.: serious, addressed to the serious-minded. ΘΚΠ society > communication > journalism > journal > newspaper > [adjective] > serious or quality heavy1875 quality1960 1875 A. Trollope Way we live Now I. xxx. 187 Old Splinter,..who had written for the heavy quarterlies any time this last forty years, professed that he saw through the article. 1967 Listener 7 Dec. 743/1 The editors of the heavy dailies. c. Originally in Jazz and popular music, used in various senses to designate something profound, serious, etc. colloquial. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > pop music > [adjective] > qualities of pop metal?1518 anthemic1890 Afro-Latin-American1900 sun-kissed1907 heavy1937 Latin American1937 Memphis1938 sun-drenched1943 indie1945 rockish1955 hardcore1957 doo-wop1958 middle of the road1959 Latin1962 straight-ahead1964 easy listening1965 Motown1965 funky1967 post-rock1967 rocky1967 rock-out1968 funkadelic1969 funked out1970 grungy1971 punk1971 grunge1972 Philly1972 dub1973 drum and bass1975 disco funky1976 punkish1976 reggaefied1976 Britpop1977 post-punk1977 anarcho-punk1979 rap1980 trash rock1980 crunchy1981 industrial1981 New Romantic1981 rockist1981 garage1982 hip-hop1982 thrashy1982 urban1982 Gothic1983 hip-hopping1983 beat-box1984 lo-fi1986 technoid1986 hip-house1987 acid house1988 new jack1988 old school1988 techno1988 baggy1990 banging1990 gangsta1990 filthy1991 handbaggy1991 nu skool1991 sampladelic1991 junglist1993 society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > vigour or force > [adjective] sensiblea1393 eloquent1393 rhetoricc1450 mightya1500 pithy1529 grave1541 pithful1548 weighty1560 sappy1563 emphatical1567 fasta1568 thwacking1567 forceful1571 enforceable1589 energetical1596 eloquious1599 sinewy1600 emphatic1602 sinewed1604 strong1604 tonitruous1606 nervose1645 nervous1663 energetic1674 energic1683 strong1685 cogent1718 lapidary1724 forcible1726 authoritative1749 terse1777 telling1819 vigorous1821 sturdy1822 tonitruant1861 meaty1874 vertebrate1882 energized1887 jawy1898 heavy1970 the mind > attention and judgement > importance > [adjective] > grave or serious > significant heavy1971 1937 B. Goodman This Thing called Swing 9 Mugging heavy: soft swing with a heavy beat. 1940 Swing July 17 Very fast semi-boogie blues in Gabriel with nasty, heavy off-beat drumming. 1958 R. P. Blesh & H. Janis They all played Ragtime vi. 117 Victory Rag, a ‘heavy’ number of great difficulty, went on the market in 1921. 1959 ‘F. Newton’ Jazz Scene xiv. 261 Jazz is not simply an ordinary music, light or heavy. 1969 Rolling Stone 28 June 38/4 Bass player wanted for heavy blues-rock band. 1969 It 4 July 10/2 The Rolling Stones..are well supported by such swingin' outfits as..the very heavy Third Ear Band. 1970 Time 17 Aug. 32 Marcuse is heavy stuff. 1971 It 2 June 2/1 The Bournemouth drug squad (reputed to be one of the heaviest squads in the country). 1972 Last Whole Earth Catal. (Portola Inst.) 30/1 Not heavy stuff about what is terrible or what should happen, but how to remake life and stay alive in the process. 1972 Southerly 32 101 We talk about this and that and where's the heavy dope scene now. d. heavy metal n. a type of loud, vigorous rock music characterized by the use of electronically amplified instruments (typically guitar, bass, and drums), a heavy (usually fast) beat, intense or spectacular performance, and often a clashing, harsh musical style. Frequently attributive or as adj. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > pop music > [noun] > heavy metal heavy metal1973 HM1974 metal1984 1964 W. S. Burroughs Nova Express 66 At this point we got a real break in the form of a defector from The Nova Mob: Uranian Willy The Heavy Metal Kid. 1968 ‘M. Bonfire’ Born to be Wild (sheet music) 2 I like smoke and lightning, Heavy metal thunder.] 1973 Crawdaddy Nov. 81/2 They find no comfort in glitter or Heavy Metal – Black Sabbath, Black Oak Arkansas and their ilk. 1975 R. Carr & T. Tyler Beatles 76 By far the best of the four [songs] was Lennon's heavy-metal ‘Hey, Bulldog’. 1976 New Musical Express 17 Apr. 14/5 The superb ‘Action’..easily the strongest piece of commercialized heavy-metal to appear throughout 1975. 1977 Rolling Stone 13 Jan. 5/2 Heavy metal kings Black Sabbath inspire some of the most rabid followers in all of rock fandom. 1980 Daily Mirror 10 Apr. 12/2 The names of Heavy Metal groups like Deep Purple and Motorhead are inscribed on the back of his leather jacket. 1985 Sounds 27 July 29/4 It's a strange and dangerous music, this heavy metal. 1986 Daily News (N.Y.) 23 May 36/3 It's not Sergio Valente Queens, it's heavy metal, but very polite. They wear stiletto heels and all that hair. 21. a. In Theatrical phr.: sober, serious; relating or pertaining to the representation of sombre or tragic parts; as heavy villain, heavy business. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > drama > part or character > [adjective] > types of part or character protatic1658 fat1758 melpomenish1801 heavy1814 starring1833 Polonian1847 supporting1863 Polonial1872 actor-proof1893 Ophelian1903 1814 J. Austen Mansfield Park I. xv. 301 Anhalt is a heavy part. View more context for this quotation 1823 Drama IV. 209 Mr. Hillington takes the heavy line of business. 1827 B. Disraeli Vivian Grey III. v. xii. 228 The regular dramatic performance was thought too heavy a business for the evening. a1828 J. Bernard Retrospections of Stage (1830) I. 13 The Company consisted of a heavy man, who played the tyrants in tragedy. 1833 R. Dyer Nine Years Actor's Life 237 This gentleman possesses natural requisite and acquired talents of the first order in heavy tragedy. 1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby xxii. 211 I played the heavy children when I was eighteen months old. 1858 H. J. Byron Maid & Magpie 35 Such a heavy villin. 1860 G. Vandenhoff Dramatic Reminisc. 176 There was no heavy lady for the Emilias and Lady Macbeths. 1868 A. Helps Realmah I. viii. 285 As the heavy villain at the Surrey Theatre would say. 1870 T. A. Brown Hist. Amer. Stage 54/1 In California she played all lines of business, from walking ladies to heavy, and juvenile leading. 1884 G. Moore Mummer's Wife (1887) 126 He had been playing heavy leads in Shakesperian revivals. 1885 W. C. Day Behind Footlights 113 Practising attitudes before the cheval glass we have the heavy gentleman, chronic villain of the footlights. 1901 C. Morris Life on Stage 40 Then came the leading lady, the first old woman (who was sometimes the heavy woman). 1909 J. R. Ware Passing Eng. Victorian Era 151/2 Heavy merchant, man who plays the villain. 1941 Picturegoer 26 July 6/1 John [Barrymore] started off in heavy drama. b. Also: ponderously dignified; stern, repressive, unbending: esp. heavy father, heavy uncle, which are also used as attributive phrases (= sternly paternal or avuncular). Originally Theatrical slang. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > pride > pomposity > [adjective] pompousc1375 buggish1536 biga1568 bug1567 braving1600 large1608 farceda1616 budge1637 bulky1672 fastuose1674 portentous1805 highfalutin1839 heavy1849 portentious1859 ventose1867 falutin1921 pound-noteish1936 pomposo1960 stuffed-shirted1977 society > authority > strictness > [adjective] > severe or stern wrothc893 retheeOE stithc897 starkOE sternOE hardOE dangerous?c1225 sharpa1340 asperc1374 austerec1384 shrewda1387 snella1400 sternful?a1400 unsterna1400 dour?a1425 piquant1521 tetrical1528 tetric1533 sorea1535 rugged?1548 severe1548 hard-handed1611 Catonian1676 tetricous1727 heavy1849 acerbic1853 stiff1856 Catonic1883 tough1905 1849 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis (1850) I. xxix. 281 Those parts in the drama, which we called the heavy fathers. 1853 ‘C. Bede’ Adventures Mr. Verdant Green v. 42 He took an affectionate farewell of his son, somewhat after the manner of the ‘heavy fathers’ of the stage. 1858 H. J. Byron Maid & Magpie 4 A Fine Specimen of the good old Heavy Father of Melodrama. 1864 H. Morley Jrnl. (1866) 339 A heavy father in broad farce. 1898 H. R. Haggard Dr. Therne iii Sir John..received me in his best ‘heavy-father’ manner. 1931 Daily Express 31 Jan. 15/2 The heavy uncle attitude. 1931 Times Lit. Suppl. 13 Aug. 613/4 The Venetian Pantalone becomes the Atellane ‘heavy father’ Pappus. 1956 ‘M. Westmacott’ Burden ii. iii. 83 Really, Laura dear, you might be at least fifty. A heavy Victorian father rather than a sister. VI. That weighs or presses hardly or sorely on the senses or feelings. a. Of persons: oppressive; troublesome, annoying; angry; severe, violent. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > severity > [adjective] heavyc825 grimc900 strongeOE hardeOE drearyOE eileOE sweerOE deara1000 bitterOE tartc1000 smartOE unridec1175 sharp?c1225 straitc1275 grievousc1290 fellc1330 shrewda1387 snella1400 unsterna1400 vilea1400 importunea1425 ungainc1425 thrallc1430 peisant1483 sore?a1513 weighty1540 heinous?1541 urgent?1542 asperous?1567 dure1567 spiny1586 searching1590 hoara1600 vengible1601 flinty1613 tugging1642 atrocious1733 uncannya1774 severe1774 stern1830 punishing1833 hefty1867 solid1916 the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > harshness or severity > [adjective] heavyc825 retheeOE stithc897 hardeOE starkOE sternOE dangerous?c1225 sharp?c1225 unsoftc1275 sturdy1297 asperc1374 austerec1384 shrewda1387 snella1400 sternful?a1400 dour?a1425 thrallc1430 piquant1521 tetrical1528 tetric1533 sorea1535 rugged?1548 severe1548 iron1574 harsh1579 strict1600 angry1650 Catonian1676 Draconic1708 tetricous1727 alkaline1789 acerbic1853 stiff1856 acerbate1869 acerbitous1870 Draconian1876 Catonic1883 the mind > emotion > anger > [adjective] irrec825 gramec893 wemodc897 wrothc950 bolghenc1000 gramelyc1000 hotOE on fireOE brathc1175 moodyc1175 to-bollenc1175 wrethfulc1175 wraw?c1225 agrameda1300 wrathfula1300 agremedc1300 hastivec1300 irousa1340 wretheda1340 aniredc1350 felonc1374 angryc1380 upreareda1382 jealous1382 crousea1400 grieveda1400 irefula1400 mada1400 teena1400 wraweda1400 wretthy14.. angryc1405 errevousa1420 wrothy1422 angereda1425 passionatec1425 fumous1430 tangylc1440 heavy1452 fire angry1490 wrothsomea1529 angerful?1533 wrothful?1534 wrath1535 provoked1538 warm1547 vibrant1575 chauffe1582 fuming1582 enfeloned1596 incensed1597 choleric1598 inflameda1600 raiseda1600 exasperate1601 angried1609 exasperated1611 dispassionate1635 bristlinga1639 peltish1648 sultry1671 on (also upon) the high ropes (also rope)1672 nangry1681 ugly1687 sorea1694 glimflashy1699 enraged1732 spunky1809 cholerous1822 kwaai1827 wrathy1828 angersome1834 outraged1836 irate1838 vex1843 raring1845 waxy1853 stiff1856 scotty1867 bristly1872 hot under the collar1879 black angry1894 spitfire1894 passionful1901 ignorant1913 hairy1914 snaky1919 steamed1923 uptight1934 broigus1937 lemony1941 ripped1941 pissed1943 crooked1945 teed off1955 ticked off1959 ripe1966 torqued1967 bummed1970 c825 Vesp. Psalter liv. 4 [lv. 3] Onhældon in mec unrehtwisnisse and in eorre hefie werun me. c1000 Ags. Ps. (1835) liv. [lv.] 3 Wurdon me þa on yrre yfele and hefige. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Luke xviii. 5 Netheles for this widowe is heuy, or diseseful, to me, I schal venge hir. 1388 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Luke xi. 7 Nyle thou be heuy to me. 1452 in Paston Lett. I. Introd. 72 I..am informed that the King, my sovereign lord, is my heavy lord, greatly displeased with me. 1476 J. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 491 It is demyd þat my lady wolde herafftre be the rather myn hevy lady for þat delyng. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 12320 Eneas with anger was angardly heuy With Antenor the traytor. 1579–80 T. North tr. Plutarch Lives (1676) 902 Above all others Fabius Maximus was his heavy Enemy. 1628 T. Hobbes tr. Thucydides Peloponnesian War (1822) 38 You would have been no less heavy to the confederates than we. 1702 J. Logan in Mem. Hist. Soc. Pennsylvania (1870) IX. 225 Who groan to find their deliverer prove so heavy. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > hatred > enemy > [noun] witherwinc897 foemaneOE i-foeOE withersakec960 fiendc975 foeOE witherlingc1000 unwine1050 unholda1200 andsetec1200 unfriendc1275 un-i-winec1275 adversaryc1350 enemy1362 hatera1382 evil-willinga1400 fedea1400 contraryc1405 inimi1423 overthwarter?c1450 evil-willer1460 Moabitea1461 heavy friend?1518 Satanas1530 adverse1593 malengine1601 distresser1616 viand1616 hostile1838 unfriendly1973 ?1518 A. Barclay tr. D. Mancinus Myrrour Good Maners sig. Giii If this ioconde parsone, wolde after his vsage And counterfayt in chere, an heuy father sage. 1554 in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) III. xxiii. 193 Sir, I perceive that thou art my heavy friend. 1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xlii. xiv. 1124 He..was an heavier friend unto Asia than Antiochus had bene. 1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. ix. xx. 728/2 Some..think him to haue been an heauy Father to the common wealth. 1621 J. Molle tr. P. Camerarius Liuing Libr. i. iii. 8 This woman while she liued was an heauie friend of mine. c. heavy man n. a criminal or law-breaker. U.S. slang. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > criminality > criminal person > [noun] felon1297 wandelard1338 malefactora1438 malfetoura1450 stigmatic1597 stigmatist1607 criminal1610 mug1865 crook1879 heavy man1926 society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > [noun] > crime > a criminal or law-breaker waryOE wandelard1338 breakerc1384 malefactora1438 law-breakerc1440 misgovernora1449 malfetoura1450 wrongdoer1501 contravener1567 criminal1610 contravenary1614 mug1865 crook1879 outlaw1880 punter1891 kink1914 heavy man1926 crim1927 antisocial1945 villain1960 banduluc1977 1926 J. Black You can't Win xx. 302 It was the kind of safe that discouraged the ‘heavy man’ (safe breaker). 1963 R. I. McDavid & D. W. Maurer Mencken's Amer. Lang. (new ed.) 730 Heavy man, one transporting narcotics. 23. Hard to bear, endure, or withstand; oppressive, grievous, sore; distressful. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > mental anguish or torment > [adjective] > severe heavya1000 tartc1000 unridec1175 unsoftc1275 uglya1300 smartc1300 sternc1300 cruelc1384 sharpc1386 shrewda1387 snella1400 painousa1450 painlyc1460 sensible1502 terrible1509 heinous?1541 severe1747 a1000 Laws Ælfred (Schmid) i. c. 49 §3 Þæt ure geferan sume..eow hefigran [wisan budan] to healdanne. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 1442 Harrd. & hefiȝ pine. 1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 4583 Þe days þat er ille and hevy. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 239/1 Hevy and grevows, gravis. 1567 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xi. 21 My hauie hap and piteous plicht. 1592 T. Tymme Plaine Discouerie Ten Eng. Lepers D ij Wherewithall they carie the heavie vengeance of God. a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) v. vi. 142 Ile..endure Your heauiest Censure. View more context for this quotation 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xii. 103 Who for the shame Don to his Father, heard this heavie curse. View more context for this quotation c1698 H. Maundrell Let. in Journey to Jerusalem (1703) i. sig. Tv [They] hold their own Slaves in the heaviest Bondage. 1844 tr. M. T. Asmar Mem. Babylonian Princess II. 46 Universally regarded as a heavy calamity. 1867 A. Trollope Last Chron. Barset I. xl. 349 The world has been very heavy on him. 24. a. Hard to perform or accomplish; requiring much exertion; laborious, toilsome. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > [adjective] > laborious or toilsome soreOE workfulOE hardOE torc1175 beswinkfulc1230 heavya1325 sweatyc1374 travailousa1382 laboriousa1393 laborousc1405 winful1443 painfulc1480 toilous1530 operousa1538 drudging1548 travailsome1549 laboursome1551 moilingc1566 toilsome?1570 toilful1573 sweating1592 insudate1609 sweatfula1618 moliminous1656 operose1659 swinking1693 schleppy1978 a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2565 For al ðat swinc heui & sor. c1400 ( G. Chaucer Treat. Astrolabe (Cambr. Dd.3.53) (1872) Prol. 2 Curio[u]s enditing & hard sentence Is ful heuy atones for swich a child to lerne. 1587 R. Holinshed et al. Hist. Scotl. (new ed.) 365/2 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) II Certeine factious persons did beat into their eares, how heauie a iournie that would be vnto them. 1611 Bible (King James) Exod. xviii. 18 This thing is too heauy for thee; thou art not able to performe it thy selfe alone. View more context for this quotation 1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. 537 The work, he said, was heavy; but it must be done. 1886 J. Ruskin Præterita II. v. 170 The day had been a heavy one. b. heavy-duty n. (see duty n. 6), used attributively, of a machine, material, etc., designed to deal with heavy materials or to be suitable to stand up to hard wear. Also transferred. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > constitution of matter > strength > [adjective] > durable lastinga1375 durable1398 perdurable?a1425 during1601 hard-wearing1850 heavy-duty1914 service weight1919 1914 Engineering 4 Dec. 670/2 (caption) Heavy-Duty Drilling-Machine. 1935 Discovery July 202/1 Fireproof materials can be substituted for practically every form of heavy duty cloth. 1958 Listener 20 Nov. 839/3 The heavy-duty rubber tyre. 1964 Eng. Stud. 45 426 Special attention has been given to ‘heavy-duty’ words such as have. 1969 Computers & Humanities 3 137 A stand-alone device which consists of a magnetic tape unit, keyboard, and heavy-duty selectric typewriter. 25. a. Causing or occasioning sorrow; distressing, grievous, saddening; sad, sorrowful. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > [adjective] > causing sorrow or grief sorelyc888 sorrowfulOE sorryOE yomerlyOE rueful?c1225 grievous1297 heavyc1374 sada1375 deefulc1380 grievable1390 grieffula1400 grievingc1450 trist?c1450 tristfula1492 dolorousa1500 doly?1553 mournful?1570 griefsome1635 tristifical1656 melancholy1710 c1374 G. Chaucer Compl. Mars 12 The glad nyght ys worthe an heuy morowe. 1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) xxii. 492 Your departyng is so hevy to me that I trowe I shall deye for sorow. c1560 Hunting Cheviot in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1889) III. vi. 308 It was a hevy syght to se. 1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 626 Where he without great solempnitie kept a heauie Christmasse. 1600 P. Holland tr. Florus Breviaries lv, in tr. Livy Rom. Hist. 1241 These proved in effect to be unfortunate and heavie presages [L. auspicia tristia] unto Mancinus. 1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 246 This was a heavy Piece of News to my Nephew. 1827 T. Carlyle State Germ. Lit. in Edinb. Rev. Oct. 315 To the great body of mankind this were heavy news. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > capital punishment > hanging > [noun] > place for > way to heavy hill1577 1577 G. Gascoigne Arraignm. of Lover in Brit. Bibl. (1810) I. 76 Thou must go hence to Heavy Hill; And there be hang'd all but the head. 1680 J. Dryden Kind Keeper iv. i. 38 I saw you follow him up the heavy Hill to Tyburn. 26. Oppressive to the bodily sense; overpowering. ΚΠ c1480 (a1400) St. Ninian 702 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 324 Vaknit as of hewy slepe. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 140 His Eyes with heavy Slumber overcast. View more context for this quotation 1845 A. M. Hall Whiteboy I. ii. 20 The heavy smell of the oil. 1898 N.E.D. at Heavy Mod. The poppy has a heavy smell. VII. Weighed down mentally or physically. 27. a. ‘Weighed down’ with sorrow or grief; sorrowful, sad, grieved, despondent. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > [adjective] sorelyc888 gramec893 sorrowfuleOE unblithec897 sorryeOE carefulOE charyOE sickOE yomerOE sorry-moodOE sweerc1000 yomerlyOE sorrilyOE woea1200 balec1220 sorry?c1225 sorec1275 sorec1275 gremefula1300 sada1300 ruthlyc1300 thoughtfulc1300 woebegonea1325 heavyc1330 grievousc1374 woefula1375 sorrowya1382 dereful?a1400 sorousa1400 sytefula1400 teenfula1400 wrotha1400 balefulc1400 tristy?c1400 tristc1420 dolefulc1430 wapped in woec1440 yhevidc1440 dolenta1450 condolentc1460 discomforted1477 tristfula1492 sorrow1496 dram?a1513 dolorous1513 earnful?1527 troublous1535 amort1546 mournfula1558 passioned1560 sadded1566 tristive1578 distressed1586 passionate1586 sorrowed1596 distressful1601 passionful1605 sighful1606 contristed1625 anguishinga1642 sadful1658 saddened1665 tristitious1694 sick as a parrot1705 pangful1727 woesome1778 grieving1807 ruesome1833 yearned1838 doleant1861 mournsome1869 thoughted1869 tragical1887 grief-stricken1905 c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 18 He felt him heuy & ferly seke. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 12625 Wit heui hert and druppand chere. c1450 (c1400) Sowdon of Babylon (1881) l. 400 Tho sorowede alle the Citesyns And were full hevy than. ?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 7369 Þe bischop semed to be heuy, þe kirke was left sa unsemely. 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. EEv Consyderyng some persones to be iocunde and mery, some sadde and heuy. 1634 S. Rutherford Lett. (1863) I. 113 Her husband is absent and I think she will be heavy. 1725 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey II. ix. 117 With heavy hearts we labour thro' the tyde, To coasts unknown, and oceans yet untry'd. 1859 Ld. Tennyson Elaine in Idylls of King 214 For this most gentle maiden's death Right heavy am I. 1863 F. A. Kemble Jrnl. Resid. Georgian Plantation 34 With a heart heavy enough. b. Expressing or indicative of grief, doleful. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > lamentation or expression of grief > [adjective] carefulOE charyOE mourningOE sorrowingOE sorryOE balec1220 heavy?c1225 ruefulc1225 ruthfulc1225 sorrowful?c1225 dolefulc1275 plaintivea1393 complainingc1430 lamentable?a1475 plaining?c1475 dolent1490 lamentatious1532 troublous1535 plaintfula1542 dirge-like1561 yearnfula1566 waymenting1573 mestive1575 lamentatory1576 mestful1577 wailful1579 lamentinga1586 weepy1602 deplorative1610 deploringa1616 gement1656 condolent1691 dirgeful1793 dirgy1830 lamentful1876 ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 254 Heui murnung. c1275 XI Pains of Hell 170 in Old Eng. Misc. 216 Poule he weppid with heue chere. 14.. T. Hoccleve Min. Poems (1892) 67 I walkid..Besyde a groue in an heuy musynge. 1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 217 Then answered he with heavie chere: alas, alas, am not I here in prison, & at your awne will? 1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 82 With flouds of teares abundantly running downe their heauie countenances. 1827 R. Pollok Course of Time I. ii. 43 Who farther sings, must change the pleasant lyre To heavy notes of wo. 28. ‘Weighed down’ by sleep, weariness, or some physical depression or incapacity; hence, esp. weary from sleep, sleepy, drowsy. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > weariness or exhaustion > [adjective] wearyc825 asadc1306 ateyntc1325 attaintc1325 recrayed1340 methefula1350 for-wearya1375 matea1375 taintc1380 heavy1382 fortireda1400 methefula1400 afoundered?a1425 tewedc1440 travailedc1440 wearisomec1460 fatigate1471 defatigatec1487 tired1488 recreant1490 yolden?1507 fulyeit?a1513 traiked?a1513 tavert1535 wearied1538 fatigated1552 awearya1555 forwearied1562 overtired1567 spenta1568 done1575 awearied1577 stank1579 languishinga1586 bankrupt?1589 fordone1590 spent1591 overwearied1592 overworn1592 outworn1597 half-dead1601 back-broken1603 tiry1611 defatigated1612 dog-wearya1616 overweary1617 exhaust1621 worn-out1639 embossed1651 outspent1652 exhausted1667 beaten1681 bejaded1687 harassed1693 jaded1693 lassate1694 defeata1732 beat out1758 fagged1764 dog-tired1770 fessive1773 done-up1784 forjeskit1786 ramfeezled1786 done-over1789 fatigued1791 forfoughten1794 worn-up1812 dead1813 out-burnta1821 prostrate1820 dead beat1822 told out1822 bone-tireda1825 traiky1825 overfatigued1834 outwearied1837 done like (a) dinner1838 magged1839 used up1839 tuckered outc1840 drained1855 floored1857 weariful1862 wappered1868 bushed1870 bezzled1875 dead-beaten1875 down1885 tucked up1891 ready (or fit) to drop1892 buggered-up1893 ground-down1897 played1897 veal-bled1899 stove-up1901 trachled1910 ragged1912 beat up1914 done in1917 whacked1919 washy1922 pooped1928 shattered1930 punchy1932 shagged1932 shot1939 whipped1940 buggered1942 flaked (out)1942 fucked1949 sold-out1958 wiped1958 burnt out1959 wrung out1962 juiced1965 hanging1971 zonked1972 maxed1978 raddled1978 zoned1980 cream crackered1983 the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > sleep > drowsiness > [adjective] winkinga1000 slummy?c1225 anappedc1300 sleepya1325 heavy1382 slumberyc1386 sleepful1398 peisant1484 slumberous1495 drowsy1530 sleepish1530 sleepery1535 slumberinga1538 somnolent1547 heavy-headed1552 drowsy-headed1576 narrow-eyed1607 soporiferous1607 oscitant1625 nodding1631 Morphean1641 dormious1656 somniculous1656 dozed1659 drowsed1667 peeping1673 dozy1693 peepy1699 somniferous1798 noddy1801 dozing1820 head-nodding1832 snory1837 soporific1841 somnolescent1845 swodder1847 adrowse1848 snoozy1877 slumbersome1884 the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > sleep > drowsiness > [adjective] > of eyes: heavy heavy1382 slumberous1828 weighted1895 leaden-lidded1946 1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Exod. xvii. 12 The hoondes of Moyses weren heuy. c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women Thisbe. 885 On hire he caste hise hevy dedly eyen. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 239/1 Hevy a-slepe.., sompnolentus. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Matt. xxvi. f. xxxviijv He..founde them aslepe agayne. For their eyes were hevy. 1587 G. Turberville Tragicall Tales f. 77 And stole vpon the heauie prince, That slumbring long had byn. 1620 T. Venner Via Recta v. 86 It will make the head heauy by repleating it with vapors. 1765 C. Johnstone Chrysal III. i. ii. 9 I thought I had overslept myself—I am so heavy. 1843 T. Hood Song of Shirt i With fingers weary and worn, With eyelids heavy and red. VIII. Transferred from action to agent. 29. That does what is expressed heavily (in various senses). ΚΠ 1816 Sporting Mag. 48 181 The heavy betters began to quake at this change of things. 1856 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) II. viii. 305 To pardon so heavy an offender. 1884 Sword & Trowel Jan. 25 I have been a very heavy drinker. 1887 A. C. Gunter Mr. Barnes (1888) 95 Miss Anstruther..returns to the hotel a heavy loser. 1888 Gardening 25 Feb. 712/2 A heavy cropper and a good table Potato. B. n. [absolute use of the adjective.] 1. a. In plural. heavies: heavy cavalry; the Dragoon Guards. rarely in singular. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > branch of army > [noun] > cavalry > heavy cavalry heavies1841 1841 C. J. Lever Charles O'Malley lviii, in Dublin Univ. Mag. Jan. 124/2 We'd better call out the ‘heavies’ by turns. 1850 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis II. xi. 105 Have you..never happened to be listening to the band of the Heavies at Brighton? 1876 G. E. Voyle & G. de Saint-Clair-Stevenson Mil. Dict. (ed. 3) 86 In the British service there are 7 regiments of heavies, viz. the dragoon guards. The weight the horse of the heavies has to carry is over 19 stone. 1895 Daily News 19 Dec. 5/3 Old soldiers..representing the Household Cavalry, the heavies, Lancers, Hussars. b. the heavies, the heavy artillery. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > branch of army > [noun] > artillery artillery1598 ordnance1665 RA1815 the heavies1908 1908 Daily Chron. 6 Aug. 6/4 The excellent firing of the 4·7 guns by the First and Seconds (or, as they are more familiarly called, ‘the Heavies’). 1916 ‘B. Cable’ Action Front 113 The Heavies as well as the Field guns were to bombard. 1918 E. M. Roberts Flying Fighter 57 Soon the field artillery and the ‘heavies’ woke up again. c. A heavy bomber. ΘΚΠ society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > aeroplane > [noun] > used in warfare > bomber raider1908 bomber1917 night bomber1918 dart1925 bomb-dropper1928 flying boxcar1932 bombing plane1934 bomber aircraft1935 medium bomber1935 dive-bomber1937 heavy1943 nuisance raider1944 shuttle bomber1944 atomic bomber1945 interdictor1965 stealth1979 1943 Time 15 Nov. 26/2 Another co-ordinated series of punches..cost the Allies only ten heavies, two Marauders and five fighters. 1944 Evening Standard 16 Dec. 1/4 Heavy bombers could be heard massing for an attack... Wave after wave of ‘heavies’ went out. 1961 W. Vaughan-Thomas Anzio viii. 164 In cold blood the heavies may not have done vital damage to the Germans forming up on the ground. d. the heavies, the serious newspapers, journals, etc. (see sense A. 20b). ΘΚΠ society > communication > journalism > journal > newspaper > [noun] > serious or quality the heavies1950 text paper1961 quality1970 1950 C. Woodham-Smith Florence Nightingale 310 In 1857 great influence was exercised by ‘the heavies’—the quarterlies and the reviews. 1962 Guardian 5 Dec. 7/4 I was reading the Sunday papers... I picked up one of the two Heavies. 1962 ‘O. Mills’ Headlines make Murder viii. 89 All three ‘heavies’, The Times, Telegraph and..Guardian. 1971 Author 82 101 The popular press, thrown off balance and uncertain of its role, lost out to the heavies and the provincials. 2. a. A stage wagon for the conveyance of goods. ΚΠ 1847 T. De Quincey Schlosser's Lit. Hist. in Tait's Edinb. Mag. Sept. 580/1 The very few old heavies that had begun to creep along three or four main roads. b. Anything particularly large and weighty of its kind. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > largeness > [noun] > an exceptionally large thing of its kind swinger1599 rapper1653 thumper1660 whisker1668 spanker1751 slapper1781 whopper1785 skelper1790 smasher1794 pelter1811 swapper1818 jumbo1823 sneezer1823 whacker1825 whanger1825 infant1832 bulger1835 three-decker1835 bouncer1842 snorter1859 whalera1860 plonker1862 bruiser1868 snapper1874 plumper1881 boomer1885 heavy1897 sollicker1898 sanakatowzer1903 Moby Dicka1974 stonker1987 1897 Daily News 25 Nov. 5/1 Amongst the elephantine heavies is Mandarin, who killed a keeper during his last residence at Olympia. 1908 Pall Mall Gaz. 27 Mar. 12/3 Firms..which have specialised in the manufacture of ‘heavies’ [sc. motor vehicles]. 1935 Amer. Speech 10 271/1 Heavies, very heavy beef cattle, more than two years old. 1960 Farmer & Stockbreeder 15 Mar. 6/2 Of the uncertified beasts, lightweights were more plentiful than heavies. 1965 Listener 8 Apr. 537/1 The ‘heavies’ are on the march. By 1970 there will be 120 trucks for every 100 there are now on our inadequate roads. 1968 Times 25 Oct. 25/3 (heading) 60 mph for ‘heavies’ [sc. motor vehicles]. c. A heavyweight boxing-match or boxer. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > boxing > [noun] > boxer > of specific weight welter1804 lightweight1817 middleweight1847 heavyweight1857 light middleweight1885 light-heavyweight1887 featherweight1889 light-heavy1892 light welterweight1892 welter weight1896 light welter1904 super heavyweight1907 middle1908 fly-weight1911 heavy1913 superheavy1917 cruiser-weight1920 light flyweight1922 cruiser1928 mini-flyweight1971 1913 J. G. B. Lynch Compl. Amateur Boxer 221 I remember in the finals of the heavies at the All-India Championship of 1909 seeing Private Clohessy..take on Bombardier Wells. 1950 J. Dempsey Championship Fighting 16 Top-flight heavies like Frank Moran. d. plural. Horse Racing. Horses' work-shoes. ΚΠ 1930 Times 24 Mar. 4/2 It is almost impossible to tell by watching a horse walk in the parade ring whether he is plated, or whether he is carrying, to use a racing term, ‘the heavies’. e. A strongly built person, usually of violent disposition. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > violent behaviour > [noun] > person > strongly built bruiser1742 heavy1936 the world > life > the body > bodily constitution > bodily strength > [noun] > strong person hardyc1475 bruiser1742 ball of musclec1914 Tarzan1921 musclehead1923 heavy1962 1936 P. G. Wodehouse Laughing Gas v. 62 It's his sister Beulah. She was the one who put him up to it. She's the heavy in the sequence. As tough as they come. 1962 R. Cook Crust on its Uppers i. 22 A good solid heavy like Chas to deal with the writ-servers. 1970 G. Greer Female Eunuch 194 Cherry is surrounded by threatening creatures, mostly the nightclub heavies. 1972 Catholic Herald 28 Jan. 2/5 Sit down, we want to talk to you... We are going out to get the ‘heavies’. 1973 Times 12 July 4/1 Prostitutes were threatened with ‘heavies’ working for a man named Kenny Lynch. 3. Short for heavy wet n. slang. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > ale or beer > [noun] oil of barley1638 oil of malt1638 malt liquor1693 mild1712 malt1718 malt-bree1780 heavy wet1821 heavy1823 1823 Spirit of Public Jrnls. (1824) 441 A drop of any thing beyond a pint of heavy. 1850 C. Kingsley Alton Locke I. ii. 32 Here comes the heavy. Hand it here to take the taste of that fellow's talk out of my mouth. 4. to do the heavy: to swagger, to make a fine show. slang. ΚΠ 1884 Good Words June 399/2 Your ordinary thief, if he have a slice of luck, may ‘do the heavy’ while the luck lasts. 5. esp. Theatre. Short for heavy actor, heavy villain at sense A. 21a, etc. Cf. sense A. 21a. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > drama > actor > [noun] > actor playing specific type of part ruffy1502 chorus1561 prologuer1570 prologue1579 turquet1625 woman actor1633 underpart1679 epilogist1716 prologist1716 epiloguizer1748 old man1762 prologuizer1762 buffo1764 extrac1777 jeune premier1817 primo buffo1826 character actor1841 utility man1849 deuteragonist1855 character comedian1857 bit playera1859 utility actor1860 serio-comic1866 juvenile lead1870 serio-comique1870 heavy1880 utility1885 thinker1886 onnagata1889 serio1889 juvenile1890 tritagonist1890 oyama1925 juve1935 1880 F. Belton Random Recoll. Old Actor viii. 132 Robertson (the celebrated author of ‘Caste’ ‘School’ etc. for ‘second heavies’). 1906 S. Ford Shorty McCabe iii. 70 So far it's as good as playin' leading heavy in ‘The Shadows of a Great City’. 1928 Observer 22 July 15/2 The fun succumbed to a bucolic lethargy that was only partially shaken off by the retreat to Half Moon Street and the assault of the sentimental heavies. 1937 ‘C. McCabe’ Face on Cutting-room Floor vii. 53 I asked..who the man was... ‘That's Vic's new heavy.’ 1961 J. McCabe Mr. Laurel & Mr. Hardy (1962) ii. 49 I always played a ‘heavy’—you know, the villain. 1961 J. McCabe Mr. Laurel & Mr. Hardy (1962) ii. 57 The villains in those days were always called ‘heavies’. Their trade~mark was usually heavy eyebrows and moustache make~up. 1962 J. D. Salinger Franny & Zooey 143 I'm sick to death of being the heavy in everybody's life... They're as happy as pigs till I show up. I feel like those dismal bastards Seymour's beloved Chuang-tzu warned everybody against. 1966 Listener 15 Dec. 890/2 Two of the chief characters are avowed communists, and yet are not the heavies plotting to overthrow the free world. 1973 J. Wainwright Pride of Pigs i. 178 Two of the heavies dived for Tallboy. 6. In plural. The heavy trades or industries (see A. 5); (also) stocks or shares in such a trade or industry. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > [noun] > types of industry generally rural industry1735 heavies1900 sunset1906 cottage industry1911 light industry1916 heavy industry1932 resource industry1938 nuclear industry1954 growth industry1957 space industry1957 knowledge industry1959 sex industry1965 sunrise1972 smokestack industry1979 Tayacian1979 sausage fest1995 society > trade and finance > stocks and shares > stocks, shares, or bonds > [noun] > types of redeemables1720 government bond1737 corporate bond1810 trustee security1859 international1863 foreigners1883 most active list1885 gilt-edge1900 actual1908 heavies1922 toxic waste1922 gilt-edged1930 prior charge1930 short1932 gilt1936 performer1939 tap1948 energy security1960 fallen angel1963 medium1968 physicals1974 underperformer1975 taplet1982 1900 Westm. Gaz. 26 Jan. 11/1 Hope for the Heavies. 1902 Daily Chron. 20 May 3/6 The ratio of working expenses for the past half-year on the North British railways was 49 per cent., compared with 65 per cent., or more, on the four ‘heavies’. 1922 Daily Tel. 12 June 2/3 The prices of the other comparable ‘heavies’—Great Western and London and North-Western—have also gone ahead. Compounds C1. Parasynthetic, etc., as heavy-armed adj., heavy-handed adj., etc. a. heavy-blossomed adj. ΚΠ 1842 Ld. Tennyson Locksley Hall in Poems (new ed.) II. 108 Droops the heavy-blossom'd bower, hangs the heavy-fruited tree. heavy-browed adj. ΚΠ 1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xx. 2 Heuy-chered I ȝede and elynge in herte. heavy-eyed adj. heavy-faced adj. heavy-fisted adj. heavy-footed adj. ΚΠ 1635 A. Gil Sacred Philos. Holy Script. viii. xxxiii. 114 As fast as our heavy-footed reason can follow our faith. 1824 S. E. Ferrier Inheritance I. xvii. 191 The great awkward heavy-footed maid-servant. 1957 T. Gunn Sense of Movement 13 Here is a room with heavy-footed chairs. heavy-framed adj. ΚΠ 1898 Daily News 14 Mar. 7/2 A heavy-framed colt. a1963 J. Fountain in B. James Austral. Short Stories (1963) 2nd Ser. 274 His heavy-framed bike loaded with packages. heavy-fruited adj. ΚΠ 1842 Ld. Tennyson Locksley Hall in Poems (new ed.) II. 108 Droops the heavy-blossom'd bower, hangs the heavy-fruited tree. ΚΠ 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II iii. ii. 15 Let..heauy-gated toades lie in theyr way. View more context for this quotation heavy-heeled adj. ΚΠ a1688 J. Bunyan Heavenly Foot-man (1698) 6 What do you think, that every heavy-heel’d Professor will have Heaven? heavy-jawed adj. heavy-jowled adj. ΚΠ 1944 A. L. Rowse Eng. Spirit 88 That earlier Tudor type..clean-shaven and heavy-jowled. heavy-lidded adj. ΚΠ 1919 V. Woolf Night & Day xxvii. 390 Camels slanted their heavy-lidded eyes at her. heavy-liddedness adj. ΚΠ 1961 New Yorker 25 Feb. 129/1 I remember experiencing spells of heavy-liddedness during a fairly recent stage presentation of this talkfest. heavy-limbed adj. heavy-lipped adj. heavy-mettled adj. ΚΠ 1598 R. Grenewey tr. Tacitus Annales iii. vi. 73 He seemed drousie and heauie metled. heavy-mouthed adj. ΚΠ 1815 Sporting Mag. 46 263 Heavy-mouthed horses. heavy-paced adj. heavy-priced adj. heavy-scented adj. ΚΠ 1906 Westm. Gaz. 4 Jan. 2/1 The heavy-scented buds. 1908 Westm. Gaz. 7 Aug. 3/1 Never was such clover!..heavy-scented, rich, and generous. heavy-set adj. ΚΠ 1938 D. Runyon Furthermore vii. 130 He is a heavy-set guy. heavy-shotted adj. ΚΠ 1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam vi. 6 His heavy-shotted hammock-shroud. View more context for this quotation heavy-shuttered adj. heavy-tailed adj. ΚΠ 1702 J. Vanbrugh False Friend i The dull, heavy-tailed maukin melts him down with her modesty. heavy-winged adj. heavy-witted adj. b. heavy-looking adj. ΚΠ 1632 R. Sherwood Dict. in R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues (new ed.) :Heauie-looking, halbrenné. 1888 E. J. Goodman Too Curious iv A dull, heavy-looking girl. heavy-seeming adj. C2. heavy-faced adj. having a heavy face (see face n. 21 and sense 10 above). ΚΠ 1917 F. S. Henry Printing for School & Shop vii. 90 Heavy-faced types are appropriate in printed matter for the iron and steel industry. heavy-timbered adj. (a) thickly furnished with growing trees; (b) large-limbed. ΚΠ 1831 J. M. Peck Guide for Emigrants ii. 40 The wide, level, and heavy timbered alluvions, are..unhealthy. 1861 G. J. Whyte-Melville Market Harborough 7 Deep-ribbed, heavy-timbered hounds. 1903 S. E. White Conjuror's House iv. 39 The fort itself, a medley of heavy-timbered stockades and square block-houses. 1908 Westm. Gaz. 25 Aug. 7/1 A dark, heavy-timbered wood. C3. (Chiefly technical from branch A. I.): heavy arse n. now rare a lazy or sluggish person.In quot. 1994 in historical context. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > inaction > disinclination to act or listlessness > [noun] > sluggishness or heaviness > person sluggard1398 slugc1425 dawa1500 belly huddroun?a1513 slowbelly1526 luggard?1528 heavy arse1530 slugger1539 druggard1569 slowback1577 snaila1593 slugplum1593 druggle1611 dawdlea1764 laggard1808 doldrum1812 dawdler1818 slowcoach1828 lag-last1830 slowpoke1847 morepork1874 slob1876 slow boat to China1919 schlump1941 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement f. cliiiv/1 What vp heauy arse cannest thou nat aryse. 1766 A. Nicol Poems Several Subj. 172 Some faint-hearted heavy arses sway The wheel half round. 1770 T. Nugent New Pocket Dict. French & Eng. (new ed.) sig. G2v Cul de plomb, a sedentary man; an heavy arse. 1902 Eng. Dial. Dict. III. 124/1 Heavy-arse or -ass, a hulking, lazy fellow, a sluggard. 1994 D. Gabaldon Voyager (1995) 470 Well, get up that tree again then, heavy-arse. heavy bag n. a punch-bag. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > boxing > [noun] > punchbag bag1858 punchbag1885 punchball1888 heavy bag1950 speedball1955 1950 J. Dempsey Championship Fighting 41 Canvas or leather ‘dummy bag’—sometimes known as the ‘heavy bag’. heavy-clay n. (a) literal (see sense A. 9); (b) figurative an agricultural labourer. ΚΠ 1869 Daily News 8 Sept. These unfortunate heavy-clays never dream of bettering their condition. heavy drawer n. (in coining) a drawer into which coins exceeding the standard weight are dropped. ΚΠ 1887 Pall Mall Gaz. 2 June 5/1 Should the coin being weighed prove too heavy, the pan into which it falls goes down, and the coin slips into a ‘heavy’ drawer. heavy drift-ice n. heavy-earth n. = baryta n. heavy franc n. (a name given to) the new franc, equivalent to 100 old francs, introduced in France in 1960. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > foreign coins > [noun] > French coins > new franc heavy franc1958 1958 Times 29 Dec. 6/4 (headline) The ‘Heavy’ Franc...A new monetary unit is to be created [in France] worth 100 francs. It will be introduced gradually during the next 12 months. 1959 Observer 11 Oct. 3/8 The new ‘heavy franc’, which officially comes into use next January. heavy going n. something difficult to negotiate (originally as regards physical progress); the fact of making slow or difficult progress. ΚΠ 1848 Bell's Life in London 15 Oct. 5/2 The ground, owing to the late rains, was heavy going. 1877 Farmer's Mag. Sept. 181/2 The mire,..when saturated with rain, is heavy going. 1915 Manitoba Free Press 13 Oct. 8/4 Investors and speculators would find it heavy going for a while. 1936 Discovery May 142/1 The next stage, up the North Ridge, is not very difficult technically but is, nevertheless, heavy going. 1958 Listener 18 Sept. 433/3 A book that is not only full of interest but is completely without heavy going. 2008 P. Gillett Movie Great xvii. 154 The stilted movements and expressive close-ups might be intended to explore states of feeling, but they can be heavy going. heavy gunner n. figurative = heavy swell n. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > fashionableness > [noun] > dandy popa1500 miniona1513 prick-me-daintya1529 puppy?1544 velvet-coat1549 skipjack1554 coxcomb1567 musk cat?1567 physbuttocke1570 Adonis?1571 Adon1590 foretop1597 musk-cod1600 pretty fellow1600 sparkc1600 spangle-baby1602 flash1605 barber-monger1608 cocoloch1610 dapperling1611 fantastica1613 feather-cock1612 trig1612 jack-a-dandy?1617 gimcrack1623 satinist1639 powder puffa1653 fop1676 prig1676 foplinga1681 cockcomb1684 beau garçona1687 shape1688 duke1699 nab1699 smirk1699 beau1700 petty master1706 moppet1707 Tom Astoner1707 dapper1709 petit maître1711 buck1725 toupee1727 toupet1728 toupet-man1748 jemmy1753 jessamy1753 macaroni1764 majoc1770 monkeyrony1773 dandyc1780 elegant1780 muscadin1794 incroyable1797 beauty man1800 bang-up1811 natty1818 ruffian1818 exquisite1819 heavy swell1819 marvellous1819 bit of stuff1828 merveilleux1830 fat1832 squirt1844 dandyling1846 ineffable1859 guinea pig1860 Dundreary swell1862 masher1872 dude1877 mash1879 dudette1883 dand1886 heavy gunner1890 posh1890 nut1904 smoothie1929 fancy-pants1930 saga boy1941 fancy Dan1943 1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Colonial Reformer I. xiii. 221 We can always find out and trace our ‘heavy gunners’. heavy ice n. (see quot. 1835). ΚΠ 1835 J. Ross Narr. Second Voy. North-west Passage Explan. Terms p. xv Heavy-ice, that which has a great depth in proportion, and not in a state of decay. heavy mineral n. (see quot. 1971). ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > [noun] > other general types fluor1610 sulphur1799 amygdule1877 heavy mineral1893 fem1902 sal1902 stress mineral1913 opaque1960 1893 A. Geikie Text-bk. Geol. (ed. 3) ii. ii. 129 These heavy minerals constitute sometimes as much as 4 per cent of the Bagshot sand. 1939 Proc. Prehistoric Soc. 5 109 A heavy-mineral analysis of a sample of the sand. 1971 I. G. Gass et al. Understanding Earth xiii. 166/2 Rather more satisfactory from the point of view of recognising parent rocks is the presence of a small proportion (often less than 1%) of what are known as ‘heavy minerals’. These have a greater specific gravity than the common minerals quartz and feldspar (hence the name), and are separated by breaking up the rocks and floating off the lighter minerals in a heavy liquid (bromo~form, S.G. 2.89 is commonly used). Assemblages of heavy minerals may be characteristic of certain groups of parent rocks. heavy oil n. any oil of high specific gravity, originally such an oil obtained from the distillation of coal-tar (cf. dead oil n. at dead adj., n., and adv. Compounds 2). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > extracted or refined oil > [noun] > distilled or refined mineral oils oil of amber1559 neftec1575 light oil1761 white oil1763 white spirit1832 eupione1838 gas oil1839 heavy oil1849 petroleum ether1851 asboline1863 hydrocarbon oil1864 solar oil1864 mineral spirits1875 blown oil1887 phenoloid1900 1849 C. B. Mansfield in Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 1 250 The heavy oil whose extrication forms the second period of the process, is technically called ‘dead oil’. 1913 V. B. Lewes Oil Fuel 129 The heavy tar oil, or ‘creosote oil’ forms a fairly good liquid fuel. The specific gravity is usually in the neighbourhood of 1.1, hence its name of ‘heavy-oil’, being heavier than water. 1913 V. B. Lewes Oil Fuel 180 Heavy oil engines. 1936 Discovery Feb. 37 Locomotives driven by heavy oil and electricity. heavy pine n. (a name of) the Pinus ponderosa. ΚΠ 1923 W. Dallimore & A. B. Jackson Handbk. Coniferæ 437 Pinus ponderosa, Douglas. Western Yellow Pine... Big Pine; Bull Pine; Heavy Pine; Heavy-wooded Pine. heavy-sizing n. ΚΠ 1880 Nature 29 Jan. 299/1 Unscrupulous manufacturers introduced the practice of ‘heavy-sizing’—that is, in plain terms, of substituting cheap mineral substances for cotton. heavy sugar n. U.S. slang ‘big money’ (see sugar n. 2c). ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > sum of money > [noun] > large sum pounda1225 ransom?a1300 fother14.. gob1542 mint1579 king's ransomc1590 abomination1604 coda1680 a pretty (also fine, fair, etc.) penny1710 plunk1767 big money1824 pot1856 big one?1863 a small fortune1874 four figures1893 poultice1902 parcel1903 bundle1905 pretty1909 real money1918 stack1919 packet1922 heavy sugar1926 motza1936 big bucks1941 bomb1958 wedge1977 megadollars1980 squillion1986 bank1995 1926 G. H. Maines & B. Grant Wise-crack Dict. 9/2 Heavy sugar papa, sweet old man with fat purse. 1928 Flynn's 4 Feb. 437/1 Johns with heavy sugar. heavy swell n. colloquial (with pun on heavy swell in sense A. 8) a man of showy or impressive appearance; one dressed in the height of fashion. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > fashionableness > [noun] > dandy popa1500 miniona1513 prick-me-daintya1529 puppy?1544 velvet-coat1549 skipjack1554 coxcomb1567 musk cat?1567 physbuttocke1570 Adonis?1571 Adon1590 foretop1597 musk-cod1600 pretty fellow1600 sparkc1600 spangle-baby1602 flash1605 barber-monger1608 cocoloch1610 dapperling1611 fantastica1613 feather-cock1612 trig1612 jack-a-dandy?1617 gimcrack1623 satinist1639 powder puffa1653 fop1676 prig1676 foplinga1681 cockcomb1684 beau garçona1687 shape1688 duke1699 nab1699 smirk1699 beau1700 petty master1706 moppet1707 Tom Astoner1707 dapper1709 petit maître1711 buck1725 toupee1727 toupet1728 toupet-man1748 jemmy1753 jessamy1753 macaroni1764 majoc1770 monkeyrony1773 dandyc1780 elegant1780 muscadin1794 incroyable1797 beauty man1800 bang-up1811 natty1818 ruffian1818 exquisite1819 heavy swell1819 marvellous1819 bit of stuff1828 merveilleux1830 fat1832 squirt1844 dandyling1846 ineffable1859 guinea pig1860 Dundreary swell1862 masher1872 dude1877 mash1879 dudette1883 dand1886 heavy gunner1890 posh1890 nut1904 smoothie1929 fancy-pants1930 saga boy1941 fancy Dan1943 1819 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 4 566 The third was one than whom no heavier swell Thy groaning pavement, Street of Princes, vext. 1830 Countess Granville Lett. (1894) II. 60 The people at Melton..asking ‘Who's that heavy swell?’ 1883 B. M. Croker Pretty Miss Neville (1884) xlii. 385 You ought to make a good match, you know, and marry some heavy swell with heaps of coin. heavy-wood n. (see quot. 1884). ΚΠ 1884 W. Miller Dict. Eng. Names Plants Baroxylon rufum, Red Heavy-wood. heavy-wooded pine n. the western yellow pine, Pinus ponderosa. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > conifers > [noun] > pines and allies pine treeeOE pineOE pine-nut treec1330 pineapplec1390 pineapple treea1398 mountain pine1597 pine1597 mountain pine1601 frankincense1611 rosin flower?1611 black pine1683 Scotch pine1706 yellow pine1709 Jersey pine1743 loblolly pine1760 mugoa1768 Scots pine1774 Scotch fir1777 arrow plant1779 scrub pine1791 Georgia pine1796 old field pine1797 tamarack1805 grey pine1810 pond pine1810 New Jersey pine1818 loblolly1819 Corsican pine1824 celery-top pine1827 toatoa1831 heavy-wooded pine1836 nut pine1845 celery pine1851 celery-topped pine1851 sugar-pine1853 western white pine1857 Jeffrey1858 Korean pine1858 lodge-pole pine1859 jack pine1863 whitebark pine1864 twisted pine1866 Monterey pine1868 tanekaha1875 chir1882 slash-pine1882 celery-leaved pine1883 knee-pine1884 knobcone pine1884 matsu1884 meadow pine1884 Alaska pine1890 limber pine1901 bristlecone pine1908 o-matsu1916 insignis1920 radiata1953 1836 Agriculturist's Man. (P. Lawson & Son) 354 Pinus ponderosa—Heavy Wooded Pine... Introduced by Mr. Douglas from the west coast of North America in 1828. 1858 J. A. Warder Hedges & Evergreens ii. 250 Pinus ponderosa, or Heavy-wooded Pine, has leaves from nine inches to a foot long. 1866 ‘J. Senilis’ Pinaceæ 125 Pinus Ponderosa: The Heavy-Wooded Pine. Introduced from North America nearly forty years ago. Draft additions June 2006 heavy cream n. originally U.S. a type of (whipping) cream with an especially high fat content; cf. double cream n. at double adj.1 and adv. Compounds 1, light cream n. at light adj.1 and n.2 Compounds 3. ΚΠ 1895 N.Y. Times 28 July 21/1 Most city dairies sell two grades of cream, which they call light and heavy; as a rule, the heavy cream should be used for ice cream. 2005 G. Stella Livin' Low Carb 228 With an electric mixer on high speed, whip the heavy cream until just frothy. Draft additions September 2008 heavy hitter n. originally U.S. = big hitter n. at big adj. and adv. Compounds 2. ΚΠ 1874 Chicago Tribune 31 May 16/4 It [sc. a livelier ball] would give their heavy hitters a better opportunity to display their strength. 1922 A. O. Barton La Follette's Winning of Wisconsin xxxi. 448 Chynoweth, his undaunted, immovable legal adviser and heavy hitter, is there. 1936 Times 29 Oct. 5/6 Lenham..is a heavy hitter and a useful boxer for a big man. 1991 Entertainm. Weekly 14 June 31/1 Imagine a baseball season with only a few heavy hitters signed and the winningest pitchers off playing golf. 2004 Independent (Compact ed.) 25 Feb. (Review section) 6/1 The general manager..describes some heavy hitters from his 21st-century client list: City of London brokers, foreign royalty, big-time gamblers. Draft additions December 2020 heavy breather n. a person who breathes in a laboured or audible manner, typically as a result of exertion or sexual arousal, or during sleep; now esp. an anonymous telephone caller who breathes heavily into the phone in order to intimidate, disturb, or sexually harass the recipient of the call.Cf. heavy breathing n. ΚΠ 1870 Preston Chron. & Lancs. Advertiser 19 Mar. 6/2 He..is a good laugher when he starts, a heavy breather when hurried. 1923 J. N. North Prayer Rug 40 Oh heavy breather in the surf of sleep. 1968 N. Y. Times 25 Apr. 52 The theater made prominent mention of the nude scene in its ads... ‘Certainly we attracted some creeps and heavy breathers,’ she said. 1975 Transcript (North Adams, Mass.) 29 Aug. 4 Heavy breathers at work... The nuisance caller, commonly known as ‘the heavy breather’, is at work again. 2017 K. Kwan Rich People Probl. ii. v. 135 Is this creep actually engaging in phone sex in the next stall?.. He felt dirty all over just listening to that heavy breather. Draft additions December 2020 heavy breathing n. laboured or audible breathing, typically as a result of exertion or sexual arousal, or during sleep; (now also) such breathing made by an anonymous telephone caller in order to intimidate, disturb, or sexually harass the recipient of the call.Cf. heavy breather n. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > respiratory organs > breathing > audible breathing > [noun] blowingc1175 heavy breathing1598 1598 J. Mosan tr. C. Wirsung Praxis Med. Vniuersalis ii. xvi. 242 This salue is also very good for all heauie breathing that proceedeth of grosse tough matter. 1798 R. Jackson Outl. Hist. & Cure Fever i. 24 Stricture, heavy breathing and affection of the chest alternated with delirium or affection of the head. 1841 C. Dickens Barnaby Rudge xxviii. 93 It was the heavy breathing of a sleeper, close at hand. 1853 C. J. Hempel & J. M. Quin tr. Jahr's New Man. III. 809/1 Heavy breathing, after a short walk. 1978 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 21 Nov. 10/6 People who disagreed would get phone calls at 3 a.m. with heavy breathing. 2014 B. Napoli Eighth Realm (e-book, accessed 2 Dec. 2019) xii. 80 Leon the driver could hear the sounds of heavy breathing and soft moans of pleasure. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online June 2022). heavyadj.2 Of a horse: Suffering from the heaves. ΚΠ 1864 in Webster's Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. , and in mod. Dicts. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online September 2018). † heavyv. Obsolete. 1. transitive. To make heavy, burdensome, or oppressive. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > weight or relative heaviness > weight [verb (transitive)] > make heavy heavyc825 aggregea1382 greggea1382 grievec1384 gravidate1657 c825 Vesp. Psalter xxxi[i]. 4 Deges and naehtes gehefegad is ofer me hond ðin. a1300 E.E. Psalter xxxi[i]. 4 For over me, bathe dai and night, Hevied es þi hand of might. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 239/1 Hevyyn, or makyn hevy in wyghte, gravo, aggravo, pondero. 2. To weigh down; to burden; to oppress, grieve, distress. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > cause of mental pain or suffering > cause mental pain or suffering to [verb (transitive)] heavyc897 pineeOE aileOE sorryeOE traya1000 sorrowOE to work (also do) (a person) woeOE angerc1175 smarta1200 to work, bake, brew balec1200 derve?c1225 grieve?c1225 sitc1225 sweam?c1225 gnawc1230 sughc1230 troublec1230 aggrievea1325 to think sweama1325 unframea1325 anguish1340 teen1340 sowa1352 distrainc1374 to-troublea1382 strain1382 unglad1390 afflicta1393 paina1393 distressa1400 hita1400 sorea1400 assayc1400 remordc1400 temptc1400 to sit (or set) one sorec1420 overthrow?a1425 visit1424 labour1437 passionc1470 arraya1500 constraina1500 misgrievea1500 attempt1525 exagitate1532 to wring to the worse1542 toil1549 lament1580 adolorate1598 rankle1659 try1702 to pass over ——1790 upset1805 to touch (also get, catch, etc.) (a person) on the raw1823 to put (a person) through it1855 bludgeon1888 to get to ——1904 to put through the hoop(s)1919 the world > action or operation > adversity > suffer (adversity or affliction) [verb (transitive)] > afflict > oppress or afflict heavyc897 narroweOE overlayOE overseamOE twingea1300 to weigh downa1340 grieve1340 besit1377 oppressc1384 foila1400 thringa1400 empressc1400 enpressc1400 aska1425 press?a1425 peisea1450 straita1464 constraina1500 overhale1531 to grate on or upon1532 wrack1562 surcharge1592 to lie heavy uponc1595 to weigh back, on one side, to the earth1595 to sit on ——1607 to sit upon ——1607 gall1614 bear1645 weight1647 obsess1648 aggrieve1670 swinge1681 lean1736 gravitate1754 weigh1794 c897 K. Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care liv. 419 Se hund wile aspiwan ðone mete ðe hine hefigað on his breostum. c900 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (1890) iv. xxi. [xix.] 320 Heo wæs eft hefigad mid þæm ærrum sarum. c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xxvi. 43 Soðlice heora eagan wæron gehefegode. c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 79 Þe fule lustes heuien þe sowle. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 247 Þe neoðere [grindstone]..is iheueged [a1250 Titus iheueȝet] her wið hart for to beo cwite of hardere. c1374 G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Cambr.) v. met. v. 133 So þat thy thoght ne be nat I-heuyed ne put lowe. 1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) 2 Sam. xiv. 26 Onys in the ȝeer he was doddid, for the heere heuyde [a1425 L.V. greuede] him. c1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode (1869) i. xlix. 30 It is not matere of wratthe; it shulde not heuy yow of no thing. 1465 J. Rising in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 309 Thei had hevyed the peple that dwelle ther, and þat gretly. 1533 J. Gau tr. C. Pedersen Richt Vay sig. I.iii Cum to me al ȝe quhilk ar hewit (that is with sine). 1581 R. Mulcaster Positions xx. 87 Darke and cloudie aire heauyeth. 3. intransitive. To grow heavy or weighty. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > weight or relative heaviness > have weight [verb (intransitive)] > be or become heavy heavyc897 seamc950 c897 K. Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care xxi. 163 Hu sio byrðen wiexþ and hefegaþ. c1305 St. Christopher 96 in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 62 Eueree as he bar þis child: hit gan to heuye faste. 4. To become heavy through weariness or grief. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > feel sorrow or grief [verb (intransitive)] sorroweOE sorryeOE careOE heavyOE mournOE rueOE murkenOE dole13.. likec1330 wailc1374 ensorrowc1384 gloppen?a1400 sytea1400 teena1400 grievec1400 angera1425 erme1481 yearna1500 aggrieve1559 discomfort?a1560 melancholyc1580 to eat one's (own) heart1590 repent1590 passion1598 sigh1642 the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > be or become dejected [verb (intransitive)] heavyOE fallOE droopena1225 lourc1290 droopc1330 to abate one's countenance (also cheer)a1350 dullc1374 fainta1375 languora1375 languisha1382 afflicta1393 gloppen?a1400 weary1434 appalc1450 to have one's heart in one's boots (also shoes, heels, hose, etc.)c1450 peak1580 dumpc1585 mopea1592 sink1603 bate1607 deject1644 despond1655 alamort?1705 sadden1718 dismal1780 munge1790 mug1828 to get one's tail down1853 to have (also get) the pip1881 shadow1888 to have (one's) ass in a sling1960 OE Guthlac B 956 Wæs se bancofa adle onæled, inbendum fæst, lichond onlocen. Leomu hefegedon, sarum gesohte. c1275 Laȝamon Brut 18408 Nou non hii solle heueȝi and suþþe hii solle sleape. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Mark xiv. 33 He..bigan for to drede, and to heuye [a1425 L.V. be anoyed]. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online June 2022). heavyadv. = heavily adv. 1. In a heavy manner; with weight, literal and figurative; ponderously; massively; burdensomely, oppressively. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > weight or relative heaviness > [adverb] heavyc1000 heavilyc1320 sadlya1400 ponderouslyc1500 lead-like1816 lumpishly1860 leadenly1879 c1000 Ags. Ps. (1835) lvii[i]. 2 Forþan ðæs wite eft, on eowre handa, hefige geeode. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 27 Heo ligeð wið iren ibunden heuie. 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) xi. l. 426 Hewy, cled in-to plait off maill. 1582 N. Lichefield tr. F. L. de Castanheda 1st Bk. Hist. Discouerie E. Indias lxxviii. 158 b The Boates went verye heavie laden with theyr furniture. 1600 J. Pory tr. J. Leo Africanus Geogr. Hist. Afr. ii. 383 Holding their hands heavie over such as shewed themselves repugnant. 1611 Bible (King James) Isa. xlvi. 1 Your carriages were heauie loaden. View more context for this quotation 1678 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. i. 16 Lean heavy upon it. 1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 333 The least likely to lean heavy on the active capital employed. View more context for this quotation 1832 R. Southey Ess. II. 231 The mortality..fell heaviest upon the poor. 2. With laborious movement; slowly, sluggishly; laboriously. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > slowness of action or operation > [adverb] lateeOE latelyOE heavilyc1000 hoolya1340 slowlyc1384 slowa1398 sluggedlyc1450 tarryingly1530 loiteringly1547 sluggishly1565 languishingly1579 limpingly1579 lingeringly1589 tarde1598 unnimbly1607 longsomelyc1610 tardilya1616 languidly1655 heavy1701 slack1854 snailishly1889 tharfly1894 pole pole1902 weedy-slow1921 the world > movement > rate of motion > slowness > [adverb] > tardily or sluggishly slacklyc960 latelyOE heavilyc1000 hoolya1340 sluggedlyc1450 sluggishlyc1450 tarryingly1530 loiteringly1547 tediously1557 languishingly1579 limpingly1579 lingeringly1589 unnimbly1607 longsomelyc1610 tardilya1616 a-sluga1620 sluggingly1653 languidly1655 dilatorily1700 heavy1701 lagginglyc1817 laggardly1835 slack1854 slackly1884 logily1912 1701 London Gaz. No. 3715/4 Stolen..a sorrel Gelding..trots heavy. 1798 Ld. Nelson 7 Sept. in Dispatches & Lett. (1845) III. 116 The Culloden sails so heavy, by having a sail under her bottom in order to stop her leak. 1803 Naval Chron. 10 157 The third [boat], from rowing heavy, did not get up. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > anger > [adverb] hotlyeOE wrothec950 wrothlyOE moodilyOE thraftlyc1275 wrathfullyc1330 teenfullya1375 heavyc1380 angerlya1387 angrilyc1400 irouslya1450 fumously1459 wrethfullyc1475 hot1487 irefully1490 wrothfullya1500 wrothly?a1500 melancholily1536 enragedlya1572 fumingly1597 iracundiously1599 teenouslya1600 passionately1615 warmly1776 wrathily1847 heatedly1862 irately1883 spunkily1890 wrothily1898 c1380 J. Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 359 Many men þenken ful hevy wiþ þis sentence. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Mark x. 14 Whom whanne Jhesus hadde seyn, he baar heuye. 1430–40 J. Lydgate tr. Bochas Fall of Princes (1554) v. xxv. 138 b Hatefull also to euery creature, And heauy borne of worthy kynges three. c1565 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1728) 38 The king took very heavy with this high contempt. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > importance > [adverb] > gravely or seriously gravously1548 heavy1563 capitally1606 seriously1770 au sérieux1836 au grand sérieux1849 gravely1885 1563 N. Winȝet Certain Tractates (1888) I. 106 Thai hef failȝeit hauelie..and ȝe fer hauiar. 5. Now chiefly hyphenated with the participle which it qualifies. See also heavy-laden adj. ΚΠ 1553 J. Brende tr. Q. Curtius Rufus Hist. v. f. 94v Dimichas, that were fotemen heuyharnised, but yet did ride on horseback. 1670 J. Dryden Tyrannick Love iv. i. 34 Gross—heavy-fed..And spotted all without. 1836–48 B. D. Walsh tr. Aristophanes Clouds i. iv The pipe's heavy-echoing booming. 1840 F. Marryat Poor Jack x. 61 A heavy pulling boat. 1840 R. H. Dana Two Years before Mast xv. 37 A large, heavy-moulded fellow. 1885 W. D. Howells Rise Silas Lapham ii. 33 Lapham's idea of hospitality was..to bring a heavy-buying customer home to pot-luck. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < adj.1n.c825adj.21864v.c825adv.c1000 |
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