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单词 heavy
释义

heavyadj.1n.

Brit. /ˈhɛvi/, U.S. /ˈhɛvi/
Forms: Old English hefig, hefeg, (northern hæfig), Middle English hefeȝ, Middle English hevi, Middle English ( Orm.) hefiȝ, ( evi), Middle English heve, Middle English–1500s hevy, Scottish hewy, Middle English–1500s ( evy), hevye, 1500s hevey, (Scottish havy, havie, hawy(e, hayvie), 1500s–1600s heavie, heavye, 1500s– heavy.
Etymology: Old English hęfig = Old Saxon hęƀig (Middle Dutch hevich , Dutch hevig ), Old High German hębîg , hęvîg , hęvîch , Middle High German hebec , Old Norse höfugr , höfigr < Old Germanic *haƀigo- , *haƀugo- , < *hafi-z , Old English hęfe weight, < *hafjan , to heave v.
A. adj.1
I. In the primary physical sense, and uses connected therewith.
1.
a. Of great weight; weighty, ponderous. The opposite of light.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > [adjective]
ungladc888
wearyc888
drearyc1000
dreary-moodOE
heavyc1000
unmerryOE
droopy?c1225
mournc1275
sada1300
languishinga1325
amayedc1330
matec1330
unlightc1330
unblissful1340
lowa1382
mishappyc1390
dullc1393
elengely1393
droopinga1400
heavy-hearteda1400
joylessa1400
sytefula1400
mornifc1400
tristy?c1400
lightless?1406
heartlessa1413
tristc1420
amatec1425
languoring?c1425
mirthlessc1430
heavisome1435
darkc1440
gloomingc1440
comfortlessc1460
amateda1470
chermatc1475
tristfula1492
lustless?1507
dolorous1513
ruthful1513
downcast1521
deject1528
heartsicka1529
lumpisha1535
coolc1540
dowlyc1540
glum1547
discouraged1548
uncheerfulc1555
dumpish1560
out of heart1565
sadded1566
amoped1573
tristive1578
desolated1580
dejected1581
à la mort1586
delightless1589
afflicted1590
gladless1590
groanful1590
gloomya1593
muddy1592
sitheful1592
cloudy1594
leaden-hearted1596
disconsolated1598
clum1599
life-weary1599
spiritless1600
dusky1602
chop-fallen1604
flat1604
disanimated1605
jaw-fallen1605
moped1606
chap-fallen1608
decheerful1608
uncheerful1612
lacklustrea1616
pulled1616
dumpya1618
depressed1621
head-hung1632
grum1640
downa1644
dispirited1647
down-at-mouth1649
down in (rarely of) the mouth1649
unhearted1650
sunlessa1658
sadful1658
unlightened1659
chagrin1665
saddened1665
damp1667
moping1674
desponding1688
tristitious1694
unenjoying1697
unraised1697
unheartya1699
unked1698
despondent1699
dismal1705
unjoyful1709
unrejoiced1714
dreara1717
disheartened1720
mumpish1721
unrejoicing1726
downhearted1742
out of spirits1745
chagrineda1754
low-spirited1753
sombrea1767
black-blooded1771
glumpy1780
oorie1787
sombrous1789
morose1791
Novemberish1793
glumpish1800
mopeful1800
die-away1802
blue-devilish1804
blue-devilled1807
malagrugrous1818
down in the hip1826
yonderly1828
sunshineless1831
downfaced1832
broody1851
in a (or the) trough1856
blue-devilly1871
drooped1873
glummy1884
pippy1886
humpy1889
pipped1914
lousy1933
pissed1943
crappy1956
doomy1961
bummed1970
the world > matter > properties of materials > weight or relative heaviness > [adjective] > heavy
heavyc1000
unlightc1330
sada1375
chargeousa1382
lumpinga1400
ponderousa1400
weighingc1400
poisant1477
peisant1483
wieldlya1500
weighty1500
peiseda1522
burdenous1529
weightful1530
grave1570
leaden1578
plumbeousa1586
wieldy1592
peisy1599
well-weighing?1615
lead-like1816
hefty1867
c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xxiii. 4 Hig bindað hefige byrþyna..and lecgeað þa uppan manna exla.
c1200 Vices & Virtues (1888) 95 Ic am heui, al so he ðe is imaked of ierðe.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 17288 + 99 Who sal vus helpe to remou þat heuy stone?
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 289 Þis ax, þat is heue in-nogh.
1486 Bk. St. Albans D iij Looke..that thay be not to heuy ouer hir power to weyr.
1592 T. Tymme Plaine Discouerie Ten Eng. Lepers C iv b [A coate] too colde for winter, and too heavie and hote for sommer.
1665 R. Hooke Micrographia 204 It [the ant] was able to grasp and hold a heavy body, three or four times the bulk and weight of its own body.
1762 A. Dickson Treat. Agric. ii. v. 144 Bad tradesmen make this plough heavy and clumsy.
1853 W. Gregory Inorg. Chem. (ed. 3) 24 1 atom of oxygen will be eight times heavier than 1 atom of hydrogen.
figurative.a1340 R. Rolle Psalter iv. 3 Þe weght of wickednes þt makis ȝoure herts heuyere þan lede.1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 2868 For syn es swa hevy and swa harde, Þat it drawes þe saul ay dunwarde.a1786 W. Cowper Yearly Distress iv Each heart as heavy as a log.
b. to lie, sit heavy upon (also at): chiefly figurative.
ΚΠ
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III v. v. 71 Let me sit heauie on thy soule to morrow. View more context for this quotation
1638 R. Baker tr. J. L. G. de Balzac New Epist. II. 32 I have something, I know not what, lies heavy at my heart.
1721 G. Berkeley Ess. Preventing Ruine Great Brit. 25 This public Calamity that lieth so heavy on the Nation.
c1726 A. Evans Elegy on Vanbrugh Lie heavy on him, earth! for he Laid many heavy loads on thee!
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 287 These burdens did not lie very heavy on the nation.
c. Weighty because of the quantity present; hence, in large quantity or amount, abundant. Also of timber: consisting of large trees (U.S.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > [adjective]
mickleeOE
wideOE
largec1300
greata1325
muchc1330
mightyc1390
millionc1390
dreicha1400
rudea1450
massive1581
massy1588
heavy1728
magnitudinous1777
powerful1800
almighty1824
tall1842
hefty1930
honking1943
mondo1968
the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > tree or woody plant > wood or assemblage of trees or shrubs > [adjective] > dense or consisting of large trees
sounda1387
tighta1500
heavy1843
1728 A. Pope Dunciad i. 66 Heavy harvests nod beneath the snow.
1795 Gentleman's Mag. 65 539/1 Another sharp frost and heavy snow.
1835 Penny Cycl. III. 464/1 The early-sown crops are..in general the heaviest.
1843 Yale Lit. Mag. 8 406 In this patch of ‘heavy timber’.
1853 B. F. Taylor January & June (1871) 252 [The storm] went crashing on, into the heavy timber.
1857 D. Livingstone Missionary Trav. S. Afr. xix. 373 Virgin soil does not give such a heavy crop as an old garden.
d. technical. Possessing (appreciable) weight. In Physics, applied to bodies whose weight may not be disregarded in calculations.
ΚΠ
1871 P. G. Tait & W. J. Steele Dynamics of Particle (ed. 3) iv. Example 46 A heavy particle is projected from a given point with a given velocity.
2.
a. Possessing great weight in proportion to bulk; of great specific gravity.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > constitution of matter > density or solidity > [adjective] > relating to measurement of specific gravity > of high specific gravity
heavya1000
ponderous1531
weighty1585
a1000 Boeth. Metr. xx. 266 Eorþe is hefigre oðrum gesceaftum.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Prov. xxvii. 3 Heuy is the ston, and charjous is the grauel.
c1440 York Myst. xviii. 20 Hevye as leede.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 315/1 Heavy as golde is or any thyng that wayeth moche, massif.
1695 J. Woodward Ess. Nat. Hist. Earth Pref. sig. A5 According to the Order of their Gravity, those which are heaviest lying deepest in the Earth.
1838 T. Thomson Chem. Org. Bodies 608 An oil, deeper coloured..but equally heavy.
b. Of bread, pastry, etc.: that has not properly ‘risen’, and is consequently dense and compact.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > bread > [adjective] > light or heavy
light?c1425
livered1688
sad1688
well-risen1728
dunch1824
heavy1828
the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > pastry > [adjective] > qualities of pastry
light?c1425
shortc1430
sad1688
well-risen1728
heavy1828
flaky1837
strudel1893
1828 N. Webster Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. Heavy..25. Not raised by leaven or fermentation; not light; clammy; as heavy bread.
1837–42 N. Whittock et al. Compl. Bk. Trades 17 Kneading..is..indispensable, or the dough would be in lumps and the bread heavy.
1859 ‘G. Eliot’ Adam Bede II. ii. xxi. 125 If the bread turned out heavy.
1887 S. Baring-Gould Red Spider II. xxix. 162 The pasty is heavy.
c. Applied to elements whose specific gravity is relatively great; heavy metal (see also sense A. 6b): a metal of high specific gravity (see quot. 1955).
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > [noun] > of high specific gravity
heavy metal1864
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > types of metal generally > [noun] > other types of metal
solar metal1800
light metal1810
fusible metal1853
heavy metal1864
semi-metal1912
superplastic1930
the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > [adjective] > of or relating to elements > whose specific gravity or atomic number is relatively high
heavy1922
1864 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 17 126 In support of the view that thallium is one of the heavy metals, the following reasons may be given.
1868 J. N. Lockyer Elem. Lessons Astron. iii. 59 Platinum, the heaviest metal.
1903 Jrnl. Physiol. 29 165 Most of the heavy metals when injected directly into the circulation give rise to increased movements of plain muscle throughout the body.
1922 F. W. Aston Isotopes viii. 101 The nucleus of the atom of an ordinary element (not hydrogen)..is very small compared with the atom itself. Its dimensions can be roughly determined by actual experiment in the case of the heavy elements.
1936 Discovery Feb. 36/1 Heavy elements, such as gold, silver, and lead.
1936 R. P. Bell tr. N. J. Bjerrum Inorg. Chem. 213 The metals fall naturally into two groups: the light metals with densities below four, and the heavy metals with densities above seven... The heavy metals have their electrons more firmly bound and are less electropositive than the light metals.
1946 Monthly Notices Royal Astron. Soc. CVI. 357 Material at any point..on the other side of the curve is composed almost entirely of heavy elements, the main mass of the elements in the latter case having atomic weight greater than 50.
1955 Chem. & Engin. News 2 May 1902/2 Karl F. Heumann wonders what is meant by ‘heavy metal’. One authority says it is any metal having a specific gravity greater than 4.0. Another says it is sometimes applied to those of sp. gr. 5.0 or over... Has ‘heavy metal’ ever been officially defined?
1961 Jrnl. Chem. Educ. 38 67/1 The present treatment will be restricted to the main process responsible for the heavy elements, of mass number A greater than 70.
1972 Science 14 Apr. 161 (title) Enrichment of heavy metals and organic compounds in the surface microlayer of Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island.
d. Physics. Of hydrogen: consisting of the isotope deuterium (which is of greater mass than protium, the normal isotope). Of a compound of hydrogen: having some or all of the hydrogen isotope present as deuterium. So heavy water n. deuterium oxide, D2O, or a mixture of this with ordinary water. heavy-water-moderated adj. of a nuclear reactor: employing heavy water as a moderator. heavy water reactor n. a nuclear reactor in which the moderator is heavy water.This usage is occasionally extended to the isotopes of other elements to designate an isotope that is of greater mass than the normal isotope.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > atomic nucleus > radioactive isotope > [noun] > heavy water
heavy water1933
the world > matter > physics > atomic nucleus > radioactive isotope > [adjective] > heavy
heavy1933
1933 Nature 22 Apr. 590/2 Heavy water freezes when surrounded by melting ice.
1933 Jrnl. Chem. Physics June 344/2 Let us make an estimate of the amount of the heavy hydrogen isotope in ordinary water.
1933 Discovery July 211/1 For the first time in history a chemical element has been divided into two completely different parts. A new ‘heavy’ hydrogen has been separated from the old.
1933 Science 29 Dec. 602/1 In fact, if there were only two waters, two ammonias, and so forth, the names ‘light water’, ‘heavy water’, ‘light ammonia’ and ‘heavy ammonia’ would be very satisfactory indeed.
1934 Discovery Jan. 1/1 There is one part only of heavy hydrogen to 35,000 parts of light hydrogen.
1934 Times Educ. Suppl. 18 Aug. p. i/2 The newly discovered ‘heavy water’ or deuterium oxide in Antarctic snow.
1935 Discovery June 179/2Heavy water’..is rich in deuterium, the hydrogen isotope of mass 2.
1936 Punch 23 Sept. 337/1Heavy-water’, the newly-discovered fluid, costs £120 a teaspoonful.
1937 Discovery Oct. 317/1 The value of heavy nitrogen for research in physiological chemistry is inestimable.
1938 Encycl. Brit. Bk. of Year 320/1Heavy water’ or deuterium oxide is now manufactured commercially and is an article of commerce.
1938 R. W. Lawson tr. G. von Hevesy & F. A. Paneth Man. Radioactivity (ed. 2) xx. 187 The properties of ‘heavy hydrogen’ or ‘deuterium’..differ..strongly from those of the much more abundant ordinary hydrogen.
1941 in M. Gowing Brit. & Atomic Energy 1939–45 (1964) App. ii. 395 We know that Germany has taken a great deal of trouble to secure supplies of the substance known as heavy water.
1945 H. D. Smyth Gen. Acct. Devel. Atomic Energy Mil. Purposes i. 11 A frequently used ‘beam’ source of neutrons results from accelerated deuterons impinging on ‘heavy water’ ice.
1946 Electronic Engin. 18 142 The deuteron..which is the nucleus of heavy hydrogen, or deuterium.
1947 J. G. Crowther & R. Whiddington Sci. at War 145 The slow neutrons produced by the uranium and heavy-water system would transmute many uranium atoms into the new element plutonium.
1955 Ann. Reg. 1954 393 Dimple (deuterium moderated pile, low energy) was Britain's first heavy water reactor.
1956 Nature 4 Feb. 205/2 Three enriched-uranium heavy-water-moderated..reactors are under construction.
1958 Listener 28 Aug. 294/2 Producing heavy water from electricity from the proposed Aswan High Dam.
1964 M. Gowing Brit. & Atomic Energy 1939–45 ii. 73 Meanwhile doubts grew about the wisdom of pressing the Americans too hard about the heavy water project.
3. Great with young; gravid, pregnant. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > pregnancy or gestation > [adjective]
greatc1175
with childc1175
with childc1300
baggeda1400
bounda1400
pregnant?a1425
quicka1450
greaterc1480
heavyc1480
teeming1530
great-bellied1533
big1535
boundenc1540
impregnate1540
great-wombeda1550
young with child1566
gravid1598
pregnate1598
pagled1599
enceinte1602
child-great1605
conceived1637
big-bellieda1646
brooding1667
in the (also a) family way1688
in the (also that) way1741
undelivered1799
ensient1818
enwombeda1822
in a delicate condition1827
gestant1851
in pod1890
up the (also a) pole1918
in a particular condition1922
preg?1927
in the spud line1937
up the spout1937
preggy1938
up the stick1941
preggers1942
in pig1945
primigravid1949
preggo1951
in a certain condition1958
gestating1961
up the creek1961
in the (pudding) cluba1966
gravidated-
c1480 (a1400) St. Mary Magdalen 396 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 267 Suppose with barne scho hewy ware.
a1684 R. Leighton Pract. Comm. 1st Epist. Peter (1693) I. 485 When they are big and heavy with some inward exercise of mind.
1884 R. Jefferies Red Deer ii. 32 Two of them were heavy in calf.
4. Increased in weight by the addition of something; laden with. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > abundance > [adjective] > abounding in or having abundance
fulleOE
ranka1250
broada1300
rifec1325
copiousa1387
wealthful ofa1400
plaina1450
heavy-ladenc1450
fluenta1592
onust1604
heavy1622
onusted1657
opulent1685
aflooda1729
rowtha1774
acrawl1830
lousy1843
awash1912
1622 F. Bacon Hist. Raigne Henry VII 160 His Men heauie and laden with bootie.
1726 G. Leoni tr. L. B. Alberti Architecture I. 65/2 Winds..from the West..are heavyest at Sun-rise.
1840 M. R. Mitford in A. G. L'Estrange Life M. R. Mitford (1870) III. vii. 109 The very air heavy with the rich perfume of the seringas and acacias.
1888 ‘L. Malet’ Counsel of Perfection 63 The words seeming to her heavy with meaning.
1888 ‘L. Malet’ Counsel of Perfection 290 This hour, heavy though it was with possible sorrow.
5.
a. Applied technically to classes of goods, manufactured articles, breeds of animals, etc., of more than a defined or usual weight.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > properties of materials > weight or relative heaviness > [adjective] > heavy > unusually
heavy1617
superheavy1822
heavyweight1895
1617 F. Moryson Itinerary iii. 56 They have not heavy luggage.
1617 F. Moryson Itinerary iii. 95 They have a race of heavy Horses.
1883 B. M. Croker Pretty Miss Neville (1884) xiii. 110 Your heavy baggage—is it all right?
1887 Daily News 2 May 2/7 In heavy woollens..there is a little more doing.
1895 Daily News 3 Jan. 5/3 Precedence is as usual given to the exhibition of heavy horses, colloquially known as ‘shires’.
b. transferred. Connected or concerned with the manufacture, carriage, etc. of such articles. Esp. in heavy industry. Hence heavy-industrial adj. Also heavy chemicals: see chemical n. 2b.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > [adjective] > types of industry generally
heavy1888
light industrial1919
sheltered1924
military-industrial1925
Tayacian1934
footloose1939
linked1942
low technology1956
high technology1964
smokestack1976
old economy1990
society > occupation and work > industry > [noun] > types of industry generally
rural industry1735
heavies1900
sunset1906
cottage industry1911
light industry1916
heavy industry1932
resource industry1938
nuclear industry1954
growth industry1957
space industry1957
knowledge industry1959
sex industry1965
sunrise1972
smokestack industry1979
Tayacian1979
sausage fest1995
1888 Literary World 7 Sept. 179/1 The father became a curate in the Heavy Woollen District of Yorkshire.
1894 Daily News 19 Mar. 3/7 Those engaged in the heavy steel trades.
1896 Westm. Gaz. 9 July 6/1 The passenger lines have secured gains on increases a year ago, but on some of the ‘heavy’ lines less satisfactory results are shown.
1932 Times 5 Jan. 11/2 The Central Committee of the Communist Party has decided to reorganize the Union Supreme Economic Council, which is to be styled Commissariat of Heavy Industries.
1938 Archit. Rev. 83 117/2 The majority of ‘heavy’ industries are of the latter type.
1938 Times 17 Feb. 16/1 The comparatively high price of iron and steel in Japan (a result of the artificial character of heavy-industrial growth in a country with insufficient ore and unsuitable coal).
1944 J. S. Huxley On Living in Revol. i. iii. 6 The deliberate encouragement of heavy industry under a Five Year Plan, at the expense of all other kinds of enterprise which would have flourished in a laisser-faire economy, is the most clear-cut example.
1957 L. F. R. Williams State of Israel 44 The raw materials required by her expanding heavy and light industries.
6.
a. Applied to ordnance of the larger kind. Also applied to aerial bombs.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > piece of artillery > [adjective] > other attributes of artillery
single1546
light1687
well-served1700
reverse1702
heavy1728
Thompson1872
society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > explosive device > [adjective] > types of bomb
incendiary1871
heavy1917
dirty1956
smart bomb1970
enhanced radiation1976
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Artillery There was no attacking such a Place for want of heavy Artillery.
1813 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1838) X. 479 I have not by me the state of the heavy ordnance and stores which were sent.
1828 N. Webster Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. (at cited word) Heavy metal, in military affairs, signifies large guns, carrying balls of a large size, or it is applied to large balls themselves.
1846 H. H. Wilson Hist. Brit. India 1805–35 II. i. 24 Heavy guns were brought up..and preparations were made to carry the fort by storm.
1889 Cent. Dict. at Artillery Heavy Artillery [U.S.], all artillery not formed into batteries or equipped for field evolutions.
1917 ‘Contact’ Airman's Outings 206 A line of narrow-nosed buses, with heavy bombs fitted under the lower planes, ready to leave for their objective.
b. figurative heavy metal n. (see quot. 1882).
ΚΠ
1882 Ogilvie's Imperial Dict. (new ed.) (at cited word) Heavy metal, guns or shot of large size; hence, fig. ability, mental or bodily; power, influence; as, he is a man of heavy metal; also, a person or persons of great ability or power, mental or bodily; used generally of one who is or is to be another's opponent in any contest; as, we had to do with heavy metal. (Colloq.)
7. Military. Carrying heavy arms or equipment; heavily armed or equipped: said chiefly of soldiers (who are themselves usually specially selected for their height and weight). heavy (marching) order: see quot. 1883. (Cf. B. 1.) Also of military aircraft, descriptive of a large type of bombing aeroplane.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > [noun] > equipment for specific occasion
fleabag1811
heavy (marching) order1836
drill order1837
marching order1848
field-day order1874
review order1874
blanket-roll1891
society > armed hostility > military equipment > arming or equipping with weapons > [adjective] > heavily
strong-armedc1384
weighty1581
heavy1836
heavy-armed1836
society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > aeroplane > [adjective] > type of bomber
heavy1921
kamikaze1944
interdictor1965
1836 Penny Cycl. VI. 389/1 The heavy cavalry in general carry carabines, pistols and swords; and the light cavalry very small carabines, pistols, and sabres.
1838 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece V. 43 To raise an army of 20,000 heavy infantry and 500 cavalry.
1844 Queen's Regulations & Orders Army 55 To be frequently paraded, and exercised at least once a week in Heavy Marching Order.
1869 E. A. Parkes Man. Pract. Hygiene (ed. 3) 394 The soldier..when he marches in time of peace in heavy order, carries his pack, kit, haversack.
1883 H. P. Smith Gloss. Terms & Phr. Heavy order or heavy marching order, that of a soldier equipped and carrying, besides his arms and ammunition, complete kit, and great coat, amounting altogether to about 60 pounds.
1885 Ld. Tennyson (title) Charge of the Heavy Brigade.
1921 Flight 13 615/2 The S.E.5's made the first attack, and dropped about 40 25-lb Cooper bombs, with the object of..preparing the way for the heavy bombers.
1939 War Illustr. 18 Dec. 459 Described as modern heavy bombers, these 'planes of the Red Air Force are certainly larger than any standard bomber in the British Air Force.
II. Expressing the action or operation of things physically weighty.
8. Having great momentum; striking or falling with force or violence.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > falling > [adjective] > with force or violence
heavy1489
1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) ii. 372 He him selff..Sa hard and sa hewy dyntis gave.
a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 109 With haill and havy schouris.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. viii. sig. G8 The stroke vpon his shield so heauie lites.
1663 S. Butler Hudibras: First Pt. i. ii. 138 Like feather-bed betwixt a Wall, And heavy brunt of Cannon-ball.
1805 in Ld. Nelson Dispatches & Lett. (1846) VII. 166 (note) The Enemy opened a very heavy fire on the Royal Sovereign.
1857 T. Hughes Tom Brown's School Days i. v. 122 They mean heavy play and no mistake.
1865 P. H. Gosse Land & Sea (1874) 5 A heavy sea running outside.
1888 ‘Mrs. Alexander’ Life Interest I. x. 198 A heavy thunderstorm came on.
9.
a. Of ground, a road, etc.: that clings or hangs heavily to the spade, feet, wheels, etc., and thus impedes motion or manipulation; soft and tenacious. Also transferred.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > soil qualities > [adjective] > soft or yielding
rotten?1440
mellow1531
sour1532
unctuous1555
heavy1577
omy1673
mellowed1798
sinky1828
the world > the earth > land > ground > [adjective] > condition for movement
foec1400
smoothc1400
soft?1523
skelp1607
heavy1710
tender1727
severe1881
holding1891
underfoot1976
1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 22v If you breake vp newe ground, yf it be riche, heauie, and prepared for seede, it suffiseth to plowe it once.
1710 S. Sewall Diary 1 Dec. (1973) II. 648 The ways were heavy.
1720 D. Defoe Life Capt. Singleton 112 The Sand was no where so deep and heavy.
1826 R. Whately Elements Logic iii. 147 Universally what are called heavy soils are specifically the lightest.
1837 Boston (Lincs.) Herald 3 Jan. 2 Scarcely any of the mail-coaches arrived in London before half-past 8 o'clock, owing to the heavy state of the roads.
a1862 H. D. Thoreau Cape Cod (1865) iii. 27 That we should find it very ‘heavy’ walking in the sand.
1884 James Lillywhite's Cricketers' Ann. ii. i. 44 The ground was so heavy from recent rains.
b. Golf. Of a ball: lying in sand.
ΚΠ
1886 H. G. Hutchinson Hints on Golf 39 When lying ‘heavy’..bear in mind that it is better to hit the ball with the iron than to miss it with a spoon.
10. That weighs upon the stomach; difficult of digestion.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > qualities of food > [adjective] > indigestible > not easily digested
holdingc1400
heavy1574
restraining1597
1574 T. Newton tr. G. Gratarolo Direct. Health Magistrates & Studentes L ij Mullets and Barbilles..fried..are heauie and hard to digest.
1661 R. Lovell Πανζωορυκτολογια, sive Panzoologicomineralogia Isagoge D4v In respect of Sexe, the males are more strong, dry, and heavy of digestion.
a1745 J. Swift Remarks upon Bk. in Wks. (1762) X. 116 It may lie heavy on her Stomach; that she will grow too big to get back into her Hole.
1842 J. Wilson Health in Ess. (1856) 172 Bacon is a coarse and heavy food.
11. heavy in (also on, upon) hand: said of a horse that bears or hangs on the bit. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > habits and actions of horse > [adjective] > that pulls against bit
heavy in (also on, upon) hand1682
1682 London Gaz. No. 1708/4 A Spring Snaffle, that Commandeth with the greatest ease imaginable, all hard-mouthed Run-away Horses..and those that ride heavy in hand.
1831 Johnson Sportsman's Cycl. (at cited word) A horse is said to be heavy in hand, when from want of spirit he goes sluggishly on, bearing his whole weight upon the bit.
1857 G. A. Lawrence Guy Livingstone xi. 106 Poor Bella! how heavy on hand she will find him.
III. Weighty in import, grave, serious.
12. Of great import; weighty, important; serious, grave. Now rare or Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > importance > [adjective] > grave or serious
heavy971
highOE
earnestfula1400
solemn1420
weighty1489
ponderousa1500
chargeablea1513
serious1531
earnest1533
gravous1535
capitala1538
deep1598
grave1824
971 Blickl. Hom. 101 Eac we magon geþencean þæt þæt hefigre is þæt man [etc.].
c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xxiii. 23 Ge forleton þa þing þe synt hefegran [c1160 Hatton G. hefegeren], þære æ dom, and mildheortnysse, and geleafan.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 62 For þe selt speche þe wordes weren heuie. & hefden muche machte.
1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 ii. iv. 63 Some heauy businesse hath my Lord in hand. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) ii. v. 45 Trust him not in matter of heauie consequence. View more context for this quotation
1890 Spectator 6 Dec. To make a graver, and, if we may be allowed the adjective, a heavier speech.
13.
a. Grave, severe, deep, profound, intense.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > [adjective]
hardOE
heavyc1000
highOE
highlyOE
stourc1275
largec1330
intensec1400
violent1430
profoundc1450
vehementc1485
intensive1526
advanceda1533
vengeable1532
Herculean1602
well-advanced1602
deep1605
dense1732
abysmal1817
intensitive1835
holy1837
high-level1860
major1942
c1000 Laws Eccl. Inst. xxvii, in B. Thorpe Anc. Laws Eng. (1840) II. 424 Hwa..on swa hefige scylde gehreose.
c1050 Byrhtferth's Handboc in Anglia (1885) 8 320 Wið hefigum synnum.
a1123 Anglo-Saxon Chron. anno 1106 Ðises geares eac wæron swiðe hefige and sinlice gewinn betwux þam Casere..and his sunu.
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 51 Ulcne mon..þet lið in heuie sunne.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 10028 Full off hefiȝ dwilde.
1593 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie i. i. 48 A number of heauie preiudices deepely rooted in the hearts of men.
1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 196 (margin) The hayuie hatred and Jnuie of the Pechtes towarde the Scottis.
1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 827 A dead march sounded, and heauie silence commaunded to be kept through all the campe.
1801 J. Strutt Glig-gamena Angel-ðeod ii. i. 50 In the sixteenth century we meet with heavy complaints respecting the disuse of the long~bow.
1820 P. B. Shelley Œdipus Tyrannus i. 25 The heaviest sin on this side of the Alps!
1861 C. Dickens Let. 1 Feb. (1997) IX. 381 You have read in the papers of our heavy English frost.
b. Of an amatory relationship: intense, intensive; spec. heavy petting: non-coital physical contact between two people, involving sexual stimulation of the genitals.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > love > love affair > [adjective] > intense or intensive
heavy1952
the world > physical sensation > sexual relations > sexual activity > other types of sexual activity or intercourse > [noun] > stimulation of genitals
mutual masturbation1884
fingerplay1941
heavy petting1952
1952 M. R. Rinehart Swimming Pool xii. 111 He has a sort of heavy date here with a girl called Janey.
1959 ‘M. Neville’ Sweet Night for Murder vii. 76 Duncan was making a very heavy pass at Cathy.
1960 ‘M. Caine’ S Man 126 What is called ‘heavy petting’ in which frank exploration of each other's bodies is permitted.
1968 M. Richler Cocksure xviii. 111 His thirteen-year-old daughter was the only girl in the fifth form to stop at..heavy petting.
1972 Daily Tel. 29 Jan. 2/6 Heavy petting between boys and girls is not discouraged and intercourse is described in some detail.
IV. Having the aspect, effect, sound, etc. of heaviness.
14.
a. Of the sky, clouds, etc.: overcast with dark clouds; lowering, gloomy.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > bad weather > [adjective] > threatening
louringa1450
heavy1582
loury1686
sinister1838
1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis iii. 61 Thee welken is heauye.
1596 Bp. W. Barlow tr. L. Lavater Three Christian Serm. Ded. 82 Who so obserued our heauie heauens.
1876 ‘Mrs. Alexander’ Her Dearest Foe I. 304 A mild, heavy day.
b. figurative, esp. in to make heavy weather of: to make (unnecessary) fuss or labour over.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > difficulty > of difficulty: beset (a person) [verb (transitive)] > make difficult > make unnecessary difficulty over
to make heavy weather of1915
the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > [verb (transitive)] > perform with labour, toil at > unnecessarily
to make heavy weather of1915
1915 ‘I. Hay’ First Hundred Thousand i. xiii. §2 The feckless and muddle-headed, making heavy weather of the simplest tasks.
1955 Times 21 July 8/5 The Geneva conference ran into heavy weather this morning, but made some ground later.
1957 Listener 24 Oct. 664/1 He makes rather heavy weather of the difference.
1960 V. Gielgud To Bed at Noon i. xii. 92 Aren't you making rather heavy weather out of nothing?
15. Having comparatively much thickness or substance; thick, coarse; also, massive in conformation or outline; wanting in gracefulness, lightness, elegance, or delicacy. heavy face (numerals or type): having a broader outline, and printing thicker than the ordinary.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > bad taste > lack of refinement > [adjective]
untheweda1325
unbenec1400
incondite1539
undight1555
ungentle1565
impolished1583
transalpinea1592
impolited1598
uncourtly1598
tartarous1602
impolite1612
unelevated1627
unfashioned1630
unbrushed1640
unhewed1644
hirsute1658
unhewn1659
inelegant1667
sordid1668
ingenteel1694
barbarous1700
ungracefula1732
tramontane1740
uninformed1754
clumsy1758
heavy1817
uncharmed1818
nettle-rough1850
blowzy1851
mal élevé1878
inexquisite1922
pseudo-sophisticated1925
1817 W. Scott Rob Roy I. vi. 115 The good humour and content which was expressed in their heavy features.
1817 W. Scott Rob Roy II. vi. 126 We feel that its appearance is heavy, yet that the effect produced would be destroyed were it lighter or more ornamental.
1859 J. M. Jephson & L. Reeve Narr. Walking Tour Brittany v. 54 The church, like most of the purely monastic buildings..is heavy.
1860 N.Y. Times 24 May 5/6 (advt.) Attention is called to a new series of Large and Heavy Face Type.
1886 F. L. Shaw Col. Cheswick's Camp. I. x. 217 With heavy renaissance porch and wide spreading flight of granite steps.
1891 J. Winsor Columbus xxi. 524 The heavy face numerals show the successive holders of the honors of Columbus.
a1898 Mod. The heavy lines of the drawing. Make a heavier stroke. His handwriting is heavy and clumsy.
1898 J. Southward Mod. Printing I. xxii. 140 The first would be called a light face, and the second a heavy face.
1934 Language 10 220 Dialect-words are regularly transcribed in heavy-face type.
16. Having a sound like that made by a weighty object; loud and deep.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > loudness > [adjective] > loud and deep
heavy1810
1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake i. 5 The deep-mouthed blood-hound's heavy bay Resounded up the rocky way.
1819 P. B. Shelley Julian & Maddalo 97 Listen well If you hear not a deep and heavy bell.
1845 Hawkstone (1846) I. xxvii. 383 One heavy tramp he could hear close at his side.
17.
a. Of an accent: = grave adj.1 Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > thing heard > [adjective] > pitch > low in pitch
bassa1450
heavy1589
broad1607
grave1609
deepa1616
gravitoned1657
low-pitched1811
deep-drawn1860
1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie ii. vi. 65 To the lowest and most base because it seemed to fall downe rather then to rise vp, they gaue the name of the heauy accent.
b. Of a line in Old English verse: containing more than the normal number of stressed elements. Also, more generally, opposed to light adj.1 18.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > versification > rhythm > [adjective] > accentual > stressed > having more stresses than normal
heavy1893
1893 J. Lawrence Chapters Allit. Verse 46 Verses with double alliteration are as a rule heavier than those with single.
1948 Mod. Philol. 46 81 These heavy and extra-heavy verses, are the exceptions.
1958 A. J. Bliss Metre of Beowulf 8 There are also many verses which contain three stressed elements instead of the normal two: blæd | wide | sprang 18 b... All verses of this kind are here termed ‘heavy’ verses.
V. Having the slow or dull action of what is weighty.
18. Of persons, their qualities, etc.: ponderous and slow in intellectual processes; wanting in facility, vivacity, or lightness; †slow of understanding, inapprehensive, dull, stupid (obsolete).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > stupidity, dullness of intellect > [adjective]
sloweOE
stuntc960
dullOE
hardOE
stuntlyc1000
sotc1050
dillc1175
dulta1225
simplea1325
heavy1340
astonedc1374
sheepishc1380
dull-witteda1387
lourd1390
steerishc1411
ass-likea1425
brainless?a1439
deafc1440
sluggishc1450
short-witted1477
obtuse1509
peakish1519
wearish1519
deaf, or dumb as a beetle1520
doileda1522
gross1526
headlessa1530
stulty1532
ass-headed1533
pot-headed1533
stupid?1541
sheep's head1542
doltish1543
dumpish1545
assish1548
blockish1548
slow-witted1548
blockheaded1549
surd1551
dull-headed1552
hammer-headed1552
skit-brained?1553
buzzardly1561
witless1562
log-headeda1566
assy1566
sottish1566
dastardly1567
stupidious1567
beetle-headed1570
calvish1570
bluntish1578
cod's-headed1578
grout-headed1578
bedaft1579
dull-pated1580
blate1581
buzzard-like1581
long-eared1582
dullard1583
woodena1586
duncical1588
leaden-headed1589
buzzard1592
dorbellical1592
dunstical1592
heavy-headeda1593
shallow-brained1592
blunt-witted1594
mossy1597
Bœotian1598
clay-brained1598
fat1598
fat-witted1598
knotty-pated1598
stupidous1598
wit-lost1599
barren1600
duncifiedc1600
lourdish1600
stockish1600
thick1600
booby1603
leaden-pated1603
partless1603
thin-headed1603
leaden-skulledc1604
blockhead1606
frost-brained1606
ram-headed1608
beef-witted1609
insulse1609
leaden-spirited1609
asininec1610
clumse1611
blockheadly1612
wattle-headed1613
flata1616
logger-headeda1616
puppy-headeda1616
shallow-patedc1616
thick-brained1619
half-headed1621
buzzard-blinda1625
beef-brained1628
toom-headed1629
thick-witted1634
woollen-witted1635
squirrel-headed1637
clod-pated1639
lean-souled1639
muddy-headed1642
leaden-witteda1645
as sad as any mallet1645
under-headed1646
fat-headed1647
half-witted1647
insipid1651
insulsate1652
soft-headed1653
thick-skulleda1657
muddish1658
non-intelligent1659
whey-brained1660
sap-headed1665
timber-headed1666
leather-headeda1668
out of (one's) tree1669
boobily1673
thoughtless1673
lourdly1674
logger1675
unintelligenta1676
Bœotic1678
chicken-brained1678
under-witted1683
loggerhead1684
dunderheaded1692
unintelligible1694
buffle-headed1697
crassicc1700
numbskulled1707
crassous1708
doddy-polled1708
haggis-headed1715
niddy-noddy1722
muzzy1723
pudding-headed1726
sumphish1728
pitcher-souleda1739
duncey1743
hebete1743
chuckheaded1756
dumb1756
duncely1757
imbecile1766
mutton-headed1768
chuckle-headed1770
jobbernowl1770
dowfarta1774
boobyish1778
wittol1780
staumrel1787
opaquec1789
stoopid1791
mud-headed1793
borné1795
muzzy-headed1798
nog-headed1800
thick-headed1801
gypit1804
duncish1805
lightweight1809
numbskull1814
tup-headed1816
chuckle-pate1820
unintellectuala1821
dense1822
ninnyish1822
dunch1825
fozy1825
potato-headed1826
beef-headed1828
donkeyish1831
blockheadish1833
pinheaded1837
squirrel-minded1837
pumpkin-headed1838
tomfoolish1838
dundering1840
chicken-headed1842
like a bump on a log1842
ninny-minded1849
numbheadeda1852
nincompoopish1852
suet-brained1852
dolly1853
mullet-headed1853
sodden1853
fiddle-headed1854
numb1854
bovine1855
logy1859
crass1861
unsmart1861
off his chump1864
wooden-headed1865
stupe1866
lean-minded1867
duffing1869
cretinous1871
doddering1871
thick-head1873
doddling1874
stupido1879
boneheaded1883
woolly-headed1883
leaden-natured1889
suet-headed1890
sam-sodden1891
dopey1896
turnip-headed1898
bonehead1903
wool-witted1905
peanut-headed1906
peanut-brained1907
dilly1909
torpid-minded1909
retardate1912
nitwitted1917
meat-headed1918
mug1922
cloth-headed1925
loopy1925
nitwit1928
lame-brained1929
dead from the neck up1930
simpy1932
nail-headed1936
square-headed1936
dingbats1937
pinhead1939
dim-witted1940
pea-brained1942
clueless1943
lobotomized1943
retarded1949
pointy-headed1950
clottish1952
like a stunned mullet1953
silly (or crazy) as a two-bob watch1954
out to lunch1955
pin-brained1958
dozy1959
eejity1964
out of one's tiny mind1965
doofus1967
twitty1967
twittish1969
twatty1975
twattish1976
blur1977
dof1979
goofus1981
dickheaded1991
dickish1991
numpty1992
cockish1996
the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > stupidity, dullness of intellect > clumsy stupidity, oafishness > [adjective]
heavy1340
plump1481
chubbish1566
lubberlike1572
lubberly1580
oafish1682
chubbed1702
slobbish1833
joulter1854
landlubberly1860
slobby1872
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 31 Þe man is zuo heui þet ne loueþ bote to ligge and resti and slepe.
a1400–50 Alexander 2708 Bot parde, þi prouidence impossible it semes, A heuy As to be houyn vp to þe sternes.
a1425 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Galba) l. 27789 Wanhope..makes a man lath for to lere, And heuy in hert sarmon to here.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) ii. i. 146 O heauy ignorance, that praises the worst best.
1667 S. Pepys Diary 23 Oct. (1974) VIII. 499 The heaviest man in the world.
1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew A heavy Fellow, a dull Blockish Slug.
1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 132. ⁋1 A Set of heavy honest Men, with whom I have passed many Hours with much Indolence.
1873 J. R. Lowell Among my Bks. 2nd Ser. 259 If there is anything worse..it is a heavy man when he fancies he is being facetious.
19. Acting or moving slowly, clumsily, or with difficulty; wanting in briskness or alacrity; slow, sluggish; unwieldy.
a. of material objects.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > slowness of action or operation > [adjective]
lateeOE
slackc1000
slowc1225
heavya1400
lent14..
slowfulc1400
sloth1412
latesomea1425
sluggedc1430
sluggingc1430
tardy1483
lingeringa1547
tarde1547
sleuth1567
snailish1581
slow-moving1592
lagging1597
snail-paced1597
snail-slow1600
slow-pacing1616
snail-like1639
sluggish1640
ignave1657
languishing1693
slow-stepping1793
lentitudinous1801
somnolent1812
slow-coachish1844
tardigradous1866
vermigrade1938
slow-cooking1968
the world > action or operation > difficulty > [adjective] > having difficulty > progressing with difficulty
heavya1400
uphill1821
struggling1839
the world > movement > rate of motion > slowness > [adjective] > moving slowly > and with difficulty
heavya1400
a1400–50 Alexander 5572 With heuy hedis and hoge as horses it were.
a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 54 Of them..we have over many wych al togyddur make our polytyke body unweldy & hevy & as hyt were to be grevyd wyth grosse humorys.
a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) iii. iii. 43 If that surly spirit melancholy Had bak'd thy bloud, and made it heauy, thicke. View more context for this quotation
1674 N. Cox Gentleman's Recreation ii. 130 More creese than the Lanner, and more heavy and sluggish in her flight.
a1700 J. Dryden tr. Ovid Pythagorean Philos. in Wks. (1808) XII. 221 His heels too heavy, and his head too light.
1808 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1837) IV. 45 I understand that some of the transports you have with you are heavy sailers.
1844 E. B. Browning Brown Rosary ii. 77 He flapped his heavy wing all brokenly and weak.
1962 Which? Car Suppl. Oct. 117/1 The Riley 4/72's steering was somewhat heavy and imprecise.
1962 Which? Car Suppl. Oct. 119/2 The Ford Taunus foot brake was not too heavy at 30 mph but needed a great deal of pressure for gentle stops at 60 mph.
b. of abstract things.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > feeling of weariness or tedium > [adjective] > wearisome or tedious > of time
heavy1600
whiling1712
1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream v. i. 361 The heauie gate of night. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) iv. i. 47 Still and anon cheer'd vp the heauy time. View more context for this quotation
1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding To Rdr. sig. A3 The diversion of some of my idle and heavy Hours.
1816 Ld. Byron Parisina xx, in Siege of Corinth 88 Sleepless nights and heavy days.
c. Time is said to lie or hang heavy, when its passage seems slow and tedious.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > feeling of weariness or tedium > be or become wearied or bored [verb (intransitive)] > pass tediously (of time)
to lie or hang heavy1702
while1712
1702 G. Farquhar Inconstant v. iii. 77 My time lyes heavy on my hands.
1794 Abbé Mann in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eminent Literary Men (1843) (Camden) 444 My time does not hang heavy on my hands.
1842 Ld. Tennyson Lady Clara Vere de Vere in Poems (new ed.) I. 158 If Time be heavy on your hands, Are there no beggars at your gate, Nor any poor about your lands?
d. Of market conditions.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > trading conditions > [adjective] > specific state of market
simplea1387
glutted1714
heavy1831
saturated1848
soft1849
hard1880
firm1887
market clearing1950
demand-led1981
1831 Lincoln Herald 30 Sept. 1 The oat trade is heavy, and this grain may be quoted full 1s. per qr. under our last quotation.
1843 Times 20 May 7/3 The English securities were heavy again to-day.
1935 Economist 2 Feb. 261/2 Japanese bonds were heavy.
1962 S. Strand Marketing Dict. 339 Heavy market, a market of declining prices.
e. heavy going: see going n. 6b.
20.
a. Of things, esp. artistic or literary productions: wanting in vivacity; dull; ponderous; tedious, uninteresting.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > feeling of weariness or tedium > [adjective] > wearisome or tedious > of things
heavy1601
bloodless?c1622
vapid1790
weighty1828
soggy1928
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 533 Polygnotus the Thasian..represented much variety of countenance, far different from the rigorous and heauy looke of the visage beforetime.
1638 F. Junius Painting of Ancients 61 Without such a force of phantasie the whole labour of their braines will be but a heavie, dull, and life-lesse piece of worke.
a1745 J. Swift Remarks upon Bk. in Wks. (1762) X. 95 It may still be a Wonder how so heavy a Book..should survive to three Editions.
1846 T. Wright Ess. Middle Ages II. xix. 257 The longer poems..of the first half of the fourteenth century are dull and heavy.
1863 C. C. Clarke Shakespeare-characters xv. 383 This play..has been denominated a ‘heavy one’, which means that it is not distinguished by various and rapid action, or abrupt and startling incident.
b. Of newspapers, journals, etc.: serious, addressed to the serious-minded.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > journalism > journal > newspaper > [adjective] > serious or quality
heavy1875
quality1960
1875 A. Trollope Way we live Now I. xxx. 187 Old Splinter,..who had written for the heavy quarterlies any time this last forty years, professed that he saw through the article.
1967 Listener 7 Dec. 743/1 The editors of the heavy dailies.
c. Originally in Jazz and popular music, used in various senses to designate something profound, serious, etc. colloquial.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > pop music > [adjective] > qualities of pop
metal?1518
anthemic1890
Afro-Latin-American1900
sun-kissed1907
heavy1937
Latin American1937
Memphis1938
sun-drenched1943
indie1945
rockish1955
hardcore1957
doo-wop1958
middle of the road1959
Latin1962
straight-ahead1964
easy listening1965
Motown1965
funky1967
post-rock1967
rocky1967
rock-out1968
funkadelic1969
funked out1970
grungy1971
punk1971
grunge1972
Philly1972
dub1973
drum and bass1975
disco funky1976
punkish1976
reggaefied1976
Britpop1977
post-punk1977
anarcho-punk1979
rap1980
trash rock1980
crunchy1981
industrial1981
New Romantic1981
rockist1981
garage1982
hip-hop1982
thrashy1982
urban1982
Gothic1983
hip-hopping1983
beat-box1984
lo-fi1986
technoid1986
hip-house1987
acid house1988
new jack1988
old school1988
techno1988
baggy1990
banging1990
gangsta1990
filthy1991
handbaggy1991
nu skool1991
sampladelic1991
junglist1993
society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > vigour or force > [adjective]
sensiblea1393
eloquent1393
rhetoricc1450
mightya1500
pithy1529
grave1541
pithful1548
weighty1560
sappy1563
emphatical1567
fasta1568
thwacking1567
forceful1571
enforceable1589
energetical1596
eloquious1599
sinewy1600
emphatic1602
sinewed1604
strong1604
tonitruous1606
nervose1645
nervous1663
energetic1674
energic1683
strong1685
cogent1718
lapidary1724
forcible1726
authoritative1749
terse1777
telling1819
vigorous1821
sturdy1822
tonitruant1861
meaty1874
vertebrate1882
energized1887
jawy1898
heavy1970
the mind > attention and judgement > importance > [adjective] > grave or serious > significant
heavy1971
1937 B. Goodman This Thing called Swing 9 Mugging heavy: soft swing with a heavy beat.
1940 Swing July 17 Very fast semi-boogie blues in Gabriel with nasty, heavy off-beat drumming.
1958 R. P. Blesh & H. Janis They all played Ragtime vi. 117 Victory Rag, a ‘heavy’ number of great difficulty, went on the market in 1921.
1959 ‘F. Newton’ Jazz Scene xiv. 261 Jazz is not simply an ordinary music, light or heavy.
1969 Rolling Stone 28 June 38/4 Bass player wanted for heavy blues-rock band.
1969 It 4 July 10/2 The Rolling Stones..are well supported by such swingin' outfits as..the very heavy Third Ear Band.
1970 Time 17 Aug. 32 Marcuse is heavy stuff.
1971 It 2 June 2/1 The Bournemouth drug squad (reputed to be one of the heaviest squads in the country).
1972 Last Whole Earth Catal. (Portola Inst.) 30/1 Not heavy stuff about what is terrible or what should happen, but how to remake life and stay alive in the process.
1972 Southerly 32 101 We talk about this and that and where's the heavy dope scene now.
d. heavy metal n. a type of loud, vigorous rock music characterized by the use of electronically amplified instruments (typically guitar, bass, and drums), a heavy (usually fast) beat, intense or spectacular performance, and often a clashing, harsh musical style. Frequently attributive or as adj.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > pop music > [noun] > heavy metal
heavy metal1973
HM1974
metal1984
1964 W. S. Burroughs Nova Express 66 At this point we got a real break in the form of a defector from The Nova Mob: Uranian Willy The Heavy Metal Kid.
1968 ‘M. Bonfire’ Born to be Wild (sheet music) 2 I like smoke and lightning, Heavy metal thunder.]
1973 Crawdaddy Nov. 81/2 They find no comfort in glitter or Heavy Metal – Black Sabbath, Black Oak Arkansas and their ilk.
1975 R. Carr & T. Tyler Beatles 76 By far the best of the four [songs] was Lennon's heavy-metal ‘Hey, Bulldog’.
1976 New Musical Express 17 Apr. 14/5 The superb ‘Action’..easily the strongest piece of commercialized heavy-metal to appear throughout 1975.
1977 Rolling Stone 13 Jan. 5/2 Heavy metal kings Black Sabbath inspire some of the most rabid followers in all of rock fandom.
1980 Daily Mirror 10 Apr. 12/2 The names of Heavy Metal groups like Deep Purple and Motorhead are inscribed on the back of his leather jacket.
1985 Sounds 27 July 29/4 It's a strange and dangerous music, this heavy metal.
1986 Daily News (N.Y.) 23 May 36/3 It's not Sergio Valente Queens, it's heavy metal, but very polite. They wear stiletto heels and all that hair.
21.
a. In Theatrical phr.: sober, serious; relating or pertaining to the representation of sombre or tragic parts; as heavy villain, heavy business.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > drama > part or character > [adjective] > types of part or character
protatic1658
fat1758
melpomenish1801
heavy1814
starring1833
Polonian1847
supporting1863
Polonial1872
actor-proof1893
Ophelian1903
1814 J. Austen Mansfield Park I. xv. 301 Anhalt is a heavy part. View more context for this quotation
1823 Drama IV. 209 Mr. Hillington takes the heavy line of business.
1827 B. Disraeli Vivian Grey III. v. xii. 228 The regular dramatic performance was thought too heavy a business for the evening.
a1828 J. Bernard Retrospections of Stage (1830) I. 13 The Company consisted of a heavy man, who played the tyrants in tragedy.
1833 R. Dyer Nine Years Actor's Life 237 This gentleman possesses natural requisite and acquired talents of the first order in heavy tragedy.
1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby xxii. 211 I played the heavy children when I was eighteen months old.
1858 H. J. Byron Maid & Magpie 35 Such a heavy villin.
1860 G. Vandenhoff Dramatic Reminisc. 176 There was no heavy lady for the Emilias and Lady Macbeths.
1868 A. Helps Realmah I. viii. 285 As the heavy villain at the Surrey Theatre would say.
1870 T. A. Brown Hist. Amer. Stage 54/1 In California she played all lines of business, from walking ladies to heavy, and juvenile leading.
1884 G. Moore Mummer's Wife (1887) 126 He had been playing heavy leads in Shakesperian revivals.
1885 W. C. Day Behind Footlights 113 Practising attitudes before the cheval glass we have the heavy gentleman, chronic villain of the footlights.
1901 C. Morris Life on Stage 40 Then came the leading lady, the first old woman (who was sometimes the heavy woman).
1909 J. R. Ware Passing Eng. Victorian Era 151/2 Heavy merchant, man who plays the villain.
1941 Picturegoer 26 July 6/1 John [Barrymore] started off in heavy drama.
b. Also: ponderously dignified; stern, repressive, unbending: esp. heavy father, heavy uncle, which are also used as attributive phrases (= sternly paternal or avuncular). Originally Theatrical slang.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > pride > pomposity > [adjective]
pompousc1375
buggish1536
biga1568
bug1567
braving1600
large1608
farceda1616
budge1637
bulky1672
fastuose1674
portentous1805
highfalutin1839
heavy1849
portentious1859
ventose1867
falutin1921
pound-noteish1936
pomposo1960
stuffed-shirted1977
society > authority > strictness > [adjective] > severe or stern
wrothc893
retheeOE
stithc897
starkOE
sternOE
hardOE
dangerous?c1225
sharpa1340
asperc1374
austerec1384
shrewda1387
snella1400
sternful?a1400
unsterna1400
dour?a1425
piquant1521
tetrical1528
tetric1533
sorea1535
rugged?1548
severe1548
hard-handed1611
Catonian1676
tetricous1727
heavy1849
acerbic1853
stiff1856
Catonic1883
tough1905
1849 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis (1850) I. xxix. 281 Those parts in the drama, which we called the heavy fathers.
1853 ‘C. Bede’ Adventures Mr. Verdant Green v. 42 He took an affectionate farewell of his son, somewhat after the manner of the ‘heavy fathers’ of the stage.
1858 H. J. Byron Maid & Magpie 4 A Fine Specimen of the good old Heavy Father of Melodrama.
1864 H. Morley Jrnl. (1866) 339 A heavy father in broad farce.
1898 H. R. Haggard Dr. Therne iii Sir John..received me in his best ‘heavy-father’ manner.
1931 Daily Express 31 Jan. 15/2 The heavy uncle attitude.
1931 Times Lit. Suppl. 13 Aug. 613/4 The Venetian Pantalone becomes the Atellane ‘heavy father’ Pappus.
1956 ‘M. Westmacott’ Burden ii. iii. 83 Really, Laura dear, you might be at least fifty. A heavy Victorian father rather than a sister.
VI. That weighs or presses hardly or sorely on the senses or feelings.
22.
a. Of persons: oppressive; troublesome, annoying; angry; severe, violent. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > severity > [adjective]
heavyc825
grimc900
strongeOE
hardeOE
drearyOE
eileOE
sweerOE
deara1000
bitterOE
tartc1000
smartOE
unridec1175
sharp?c1225
straitc1275
grievousc1290
fellc1330
shrewda1387
snella1400
unsterna1400
vilea1400
importunea1425
ungainc1425
thrallc1430
peisant1483
sore?a1513
weighty1540
heinous?1541
urgent?1542
asperous?1567
dure1567
spiny1586
searching1590
hoara1600
vengible1601
flinty1613
tugging1642
atrocious1733
uncannya1774
severe1774
stern1830
punishing1833
hefty1867
solid1916
the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > harshness or severity > [adjective]
heavyc825
retheeOE
stithc897
hardeOE
starkOE
sternOE
dangerous?c1225
sharp?c1225
unsoftc1275
sturdy1297
asperc1374
austerec1384
shrewda1387
snella1400
sternful?a1400
dour?a1425
thrallc1430
piquant1521
tetrical1528
tetric1533
sorea1535
rugged?1548
severe1548
iron1574
harsh1579
strict1600
angry1650
Catonian1676
Draconic1708
tetricous1727
alkaline1789
acerbic1853
stiff1856
acerbate1869
acerbitous1870
Draconian1876
Catonic1883
the mind > emotion > anger > [adjective]
irrec825
gramec893
wemodc897
wrothc950
bolghenc1000
gramelyc1000
hotOE
on fireOE
brathc1175
moodyc1175
to-bollenc1175
wrethfulc1175
wraw?c1225
agrameda1300
wrathfula1300
agremedc1300
hastivec1300
irousa1340
wretheda1340
aniredc1350
felonc1374
angryc1380
upreareda1382
jealous1382
crousea1400
grieveda1400
irefula1400
mada1400
teena1400
wraweda1400
wretthy14..
angryc1405
errevousa1420
wrothy1422
angereda1425
passionatec1425
fumous1430
tangylc1440
heavy1452
fire angry1490
wrothsomea1529
angerful?1533
wrothful?1534
wrath1535
provoked1538
warm1547
vibrant1575
chauffe1582
fuming1582
enfeloned1596
incensed1597
choleric1598
inflameda1600
raiseda1600
exasperate1601
angried1609
exasperated1611
dispassionate1635
bristlinga1639
peltish1648
sultry1671
on (also upon) the high ropes (also rope)1672
nangry1681
ugly1687
sorea1694
glimflashy1699
enraged1732
spunky1809
cholerous1822
kwaai1827
wrathy1828
angersome1834
outraged1836
irate1838
vex1843
raring1845
waxy1853
stiff1856
scotty1867
bristly1872
hot under the collar1879
black angry1894
spitfire1894
passionful1901
ignorant1913
hairy1914
snaky1919
steamed1923
uptight1934
broigus1937
lemony1941
ripped1941
pissed1943
crooked1945
teed off1955
ticked off1959
ripe1966
torqued1967
bummed1970
c825 Vesp. Psalter liv. 4 [lv. 3] Onhældon in mec unrehtwisnisse and in eorre hefie werun me.
c1000 Ags. Ps. (1835) liv. [lv.] 3 Wurdon me þa on yrre yfele and hefige.
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Luke xviii. 5 Netheles for this widowe is heuy, or diseseful, to me, I schal venge hir.
1388 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Luke xi. 7 Nyle thou be heuy to me.
1452 in Paston Lett. I. Introd. 72 I..am informed that the King, my sovereign lord, is my heavy lord, greatly displeased with me.
1476 J. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 491 It is demyd þat my lady wolde herafftre be the rather myn hevy lady for þat delyng.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 12320 Eneas with anger was angardly heuy With Antenor the traytor.
1579–80 T. North tr. Plutarch Lives (1676) 902 Above all others Fabius Maximus was his heavy Enemy.
1628 T. Hobbes tr. Thucydides Peloponnesian War (1822) 38 You would have been no less heavy to the confederates than we.
1702 J. Logan in Mem. Hist. Soc. Pennsylvania (1870) IX. 225 Who groan to find their deliverer prove so heavy.
b. heavy friend: a troublesome or evil friend; an enemy. So heavy father. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > hatred > enemy > [noun]
witherwinc897
foemaneOE
i-foeOE
withersakec960
fiendc975
foeOE
witherlingc1000
unwine1050
unholda1200
andsetec1200
unfriendc1275
un-i-winec1275
adversaryc1350
enemy1362
hatera1382
evil-willinga1400
fedea1400
contraryc1405
inimi1423
overthwarter?c1450
evil-willer1460
Moabitea1461
heavy friend?1518
Satanas1530
adverse1593
malengine1601
distresser1616
viand1616
hostile1838
unfriendly1973
?1518 A. Barclay tr. D. Mancinus Myrrour Good Maners sig. Giii If this ioconde parsone, wolde after his vsage And counterfayt in chere, an heuy father sage.
1554 in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) III. xxiii. 193 Sir, I perceive that thou art my heavy friend.
1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xlii. xiv. 1124 He..was an heavier friend unto Asia than Antiochus had bene.
1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. ix. xx. 728/2 Some..think him to haue been an heauy Father to the common wealth.
1621 J. Molle tr. P. Camerarius Liuing Libr. i. iii. 8 This woman while she liued was an heauie friend of mine.
c. heavy man n. a criminal or law-breaker. U.S. slang.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > criminality > criminal person > [noun]
felon1297
wandelard1338
malefactora1438
malfetoura1450
stigmatic1597
stigmatist1607
criminal1610
mug1865
crook1879
heavy man1926
society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > [noun] > crime > a criminal or law-breaker
waryOE
wandelard1338
breakerc1384
malefactora1438
law-breakerc1440
misgovernora1449
malfetoura1450
wrongdoer1501
contravener1567
criminal1610
contravenary1614
mug1865
crook1879
outlaw1880
punter1891
kink1914
heavy man1926
crim1927
antisocial1945
villain1960
banduluc1977
1926 J. Black You can't Win xx. 302 It was the kind of safe that discouraged the ‘heavy man’ (safe breaker).
1963 R. I. McDavid & D. W. Maurer Mencken's Amer. Lang. (new ed.) 730 Heavy man, one transporting narcotics.
23. Hard to bear, endure, or withstand; oppressive, grievous, sore; distressful.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > mental anguish or torment > [adjective] > severe
heavya1000
tartc1000
unridec1175
unsoftc1275
uglya1300
smartc1300
sternc1300
cruelc1384
sharpc1386
shrewda1387
snella1400
painousa1450
painlyc1460
sensible1502
terrible1509
heinous?1541
severe1747
a1000 Laws Ælfred (Schmid) i. c. 49 §3 Þæt ure geferan sume..eow hefigran [wisan budan] to healdanne.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 1442 Harrd. & hefiȝ pine.
1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 4583 Þe days þat er ille and hevy.
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 239/1 Hevy and grevows, gravis.
1567 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xi. 21 My hauie hap and piteous plicht.
1592 T. Tymme Plaine Discouerie Ten Eng. Lepers D ij Wherewithall they carie the heavie vengeance of God.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) v. vi. 142 Ile..endure Your heauiest Censure. View more context for this quotation
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xii. 103 Who for the shame Don to his Father, heard this heavie curse. View more context for this quotation
c1698 H. Maundrell Let. in Journey to Jerusalem (1703) i. sig. Tv [They] hold their own Slaves in the heaviest Bondage.
1844 tr. M. T. Asmar Mem. Babylonian Princess II. 46 Universally regarded as a heavy calamity.
1867 A. Trollope Last Chron. Barset I. xl. 349 The world has been very heavy on him.
24.
a. Hard to perform or accomplish; requiring much exertion; laborious, toilsome.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > [adjective] > laborious or toilsome
soreOE
workfulOE
hardOE
torc1175
beswinkfulc1230
heavya1325
sweatyc1374
travailousa1382
laboriousa1393
laborousc1405
winful1443
painfulc1480
toilous1530
operousa1538
drudging1548
travailsome1549
laboursome1551
moilingc1566
toilsome?1570
toilful1573
sweating1592
insudate1609
sweatfula1618
moliminous1656
operose1659
swinking1693
schleppy1978
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2565 For al ðat swinc heui & sor.
c1400 ( G. Chaucer Treat. Astrolabe (Cambr. Dd.3.53) (1872) Prol. 2 Curio[u]s enditing & hard sentence Is ful heuy atones for swich a child to lerne.
1587 R. Holinshed et al. Hist. Scotl. (new ed.) 365/2 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) II Certeine factious persons did beat into their eares, how heauie a iournie that would be vnto them.
1611 Bible (King James) Exod. xviii. 18 This thing is too heauy for thee; thou art not able to performe it thy selfe alone. View more context for this quotation
1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. 537 The work, he said, was heavy; but it must be done.
1886 J. Ruskin Præterita II. v. 170 The day had been a heavy one.
b. heavy-duty n. (see duty n. 6), used attributively, of a machine, material, etc., designed to deal with heavy materials or to be suitable to stand up to hard wear. Also transferred.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > constitution of matter > strength > [adjective] > durable
lastinga1375
durable1398
perdurable?a1425
during1601
hard-wearing1850
heavy-duty1914
service weight1919
1914 Engineering 4 Dec. 670/2 (caption) Heavy-Duty Drilling-Machine.
1935 Discovery July 202/1 Fireproof materials can be substituted for practically every form of heavy duty cloth.
1958 Listener 20 Nov. 839/3 The heavy-duty rubber tyre.
1964 Eng. Stud. 45 426 Special attention has been given to ‘heavy-duty’ words such as have.
1969 Computers & Humanities 3 137 A stand-alone device which consists of a magnetic tape unit, keyboard, and heavy-duty selectric typewriter.
25.
a. Causing or occasioning sorrow; distressing, grievous, saddening; sad, sorrowful.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > [adjective] > causing sorrow or grief
sorelyc888
sorrowfulOE
sorryOE
yomerlyOE
rueful?c1225
grievous1297
heavyc1374
sada1375
deefulc1380
grievable1390
grieffula1400
grievingc1450
trist?c1450
tristfula1492
dolorousa1500
doly?1553
mournful?1570
griefsome1635
tristifical1656
melancholy1710
c1374 G. Chaucer Compl. Mars 12 The glad nyght ys worthe an heuy morowe.
1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) xxii. 492 Your departyng is so hevy to me that I trowe I shall deye for sorow.
c1560 Hunting Cheviot in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1889) III. vi. 308 It was a hevy syght to se.
1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 626 Where he without great solempnitie kept a heauie Christmasse.
1600 P. Holland tr. Florus Breviaries lv, in tr. Livy Rom. Hist. 1241 These proved in effect to be unfortunate and heavie presages [L. auspicia tristia] unto Mancinus.
1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 246 This was a heavy Piece of News to my Nephew.
1827 T. Carlyle State Germ. Lit. in Edinb. Rev. Oct. 315 To the great body of mankind this were heavy news.
b. heavy hill n. the ascent to Tyburn; the way to the gallows. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > punishment > capital punishment > hanging > [noun] > place for > way to
heavy hill1577
1577 G. Gascoigne Arraignm. of Lover in Brit. Bibl. (1810) I. 76 Thou must go hence to Heavy Hill; And there be hang'd all but the head.
1680 J. Dryden Kind Keeper iv. i. 38 I saw you follow him up the heavy Hill to Tyburn.
26. Oppressive to the bodily sense; overpowering.
ΚΠ
c1480 (a1400) St. Ninian 702 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 324 Vaknit as of hewy slepe.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 140 His Eyes with heavy Slumber overcast. View more context for this quotation
1845 A. M. Hall Whiteboy I. ii. 20 The heavy smell of the oil.
1898 N.E.D. at Heavy Mod. The poppy has a heavy smell.
VII. Weighed down mentally or physically.
27.
a. ‘Weighed down’ with sorrow or grief; sorrowful, sad, grieved, despondent.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > [adjective]
sorelyc888
gramec893
sorrowfuleOE
unblithec897
sorryeOE
carefulOE
charyOE
sickOE
yomerOE
sorry-moodOE
sweerc1000
yomerlyOE
sorrilyOE
woea1200
balec1220
sorry?c1225
sorec1275
sorec1275
gremefula1300
sada1300
ruthlyc1300
thoughtfulc1300
woebegonea1325
heavyc1330
grievousc1374
woefula1375
sorrowya1382
dereful?a1400
sorousa1400
sytefula1400
teenfula1400
wrotha1400
balefulc1400
tristy?c1400
tristc1420
dolefulc1430
wapped in woec1440
yhevidc1440
dolenta1450
condolentc1460
discomforted1477
tristfula1492
sorrow1496
dram?a1513
dolorous1513
earnful?1527
troublous1535
amort1546
mournfula1558
passioned1560
sadded1566
tristive1578
distressed1586
passionate1586
sorrowed1596
distressful1601
passionful1605
sighful1606
contristed1625
anguishinga1642
sadful1658
saddened1665
tristitious1694
sick as a parrot1705
pangful1727
woesome1778
grieving1807
ruesome1833
yearned1838
doleant1861
mournsome1869
thoughted1869
tragical1887
grief-stricken1905
c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 18 He felt him heuy & ferly seke.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 12625 Wit heui hert and druppand chere.
c1450 (c1400) Sowdon of Babylon (1881) l. 400 Tho sorowede alle the Citesyns And were full hevy than.
?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 7369 Þe bischop semed to be heuy, þe kirke was left sa unsemely.
1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. EEv Consyderyng some persones to be iocunde and mery, some sadde and heuy.
1634 S. Rutherford Lett. (1863) I. 113 Her husband is absent and I think she will be heavy.
1725 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey II. ix. 117 With heavy hearts we labour thro' the tyde, To coasts unknown, and oceans yet untry'd.
1859 Ld. Tennyson Elaine in Idylls of King 214 For this most gentle maiden's death Right heavy am I.
1863 F. A. Kemble Jrnl. Resid. Georgian Plantation 34 With a heart heavy enough.
b. Expressing or indicative of grief, doleful.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > lamentation or expression of grief > [adjective]
carefulOE
charyOE
mourningOE
sorrowingOE
sorryOE
balec1220
heavy?c1225
ruefulc1225
ruthfulc1225
sorrowful?c1225
dolefulc1275
plaintivea1393
complainingc1430
lamentable?a1475
plaining?c1475
dolent1490
lamentatious1532
troublous1535
plaintfula1542
dirge-like1561
yearnfula1566
waymenting1573
mestive1575
lamentatory1576
mestful1577
wailful1579
lamentinga1586
weepy1602
deplorative1610
deploringa1616
gement1656
condolent1691
dirgeful1793
dirgy1830
lamentful1876
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 254 Heui murnung.
c1275 XI Pains of Hell 170 in Old Eng. Misc. 216 Poule he weppid with heue chere.
14.. T. Hoccleve Min. Poems (1892) 67 I walkid..Besyde a groue in an heuy musynge.
1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 217 Then answered he with heavie chere: alas, alas, am not I here in prison, & at your awne will?
1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 82 With flouds of teares abundantly running downe their heauie countenances.
1827 R. Pollok Course of Time I. ii. 43 Who farther sings, must change the pleasant lyre To heavy notes of wo.
28. ‘Weighed down’ by sleep, weariness, or some physical depression or incapacity; hence, esp. weary from sleep, sleepy, drowsy.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > weariness or exhaustion > [adjective]
wearyc825
asadc1306
ateyntc1325
attaintc1325
recrayed1340
methefula1350
for-wearya1375
matea1375
taintc1380
heavy1382
fortireda1400
methefula1400
afoundered?a1425
tewedc1440
travailedc1440
wearisomec1460
fatigate1471
defatigatec1487
tired1488
recreant1490
yolden?1507
fulyeit?a1513
traiked?a1513
tavert1535
wearied1538
fatigated1552
awearya1555
forwearied1562
overtired1567
spenta1568
done1575
awearied1577
stank1579
languishinga1586
bankrupt?1589
fordone1590
spent1591
overwearied1592
overworn1592
outworn1597
half-dead1601
back-broken1603
tiry1611
defatigated1612
dog-wearya1616
overweary1617
exhaust1621
worn-out1639
embossed1651
outspent1652
exhausted1667
beaten1681
bejaded1687
harassed1693
jaded1693
lassate1694
defeata1732
beat out1758
fagged1764
dog-tired1770
fessive1773
done-up1784
forjeskit1786
ramfeezled1786
done-over1789
fatigued1791
forfoughten1794
worn-up1812
dead1813
out-burnta1821
prostrate1820
dead beat1822
told out1822
bone-tireda1825
traiky1825
overfatigued1834
outwearied1837
done like (a) dinner1838
magged1839
used up1839
tuckered outc1840
drained1855
floored1857
weariful1862
wappered1868
bushed1870
bezzled1875
dead-beaten1875
down1885
tucked up1891
ready (or fit) to drop1892
buggered-up1893
ground-down1897
played1897
veal-bled1899
stove-up1901
trachled1910
ragged1912
beat up1914
done in1917
whacked1919
washy1922
pooped1928
shattered1930
punchy1932
shagged1932
shot1939
whipped1940
buggered1942
flaked (out)1942
fucked1949
sold-out1958
wiped1958
burnt out1959
wrung out1962
juiced1965
hanging1971
zonked1972
maxed1978
raddled1978
zoned1980
cream crackered1983
the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > sleep > drowsiness > [adjective]
winkinga1000
slummy?c1225
anappedc1300
sleepya1325
heavy1382
slumberyc1386
sleepful1398
peisant1484
slumberous1495
drowsy1530
sleepish1530
sleepery1535
slumberinga1538
somnolent1547
heavy-headed1552
drowsy-headed1576
narrow-eyed1607
soporiferous1607
oscitant1625
nodding1631
Morphean1641
dormious1656
somniculous1656
dozed1659
drowsed1667
peeping1673
dozy1693
peepy1699
somniferous1798
noddy1801
dozing1820
head-nodding1832
snory1837
soporific1841
somnolescent1845
swodder1847
adrowse1848
snoozy1877
slumbersome1884
the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > sleep > drowsiness > [adjective] > of eyes: heavy
heavy1382
slumberous1828
weighted1895
leaden-lidded1946
1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Exod. xvii. 12 The hoondes of Moyses weren heuy.
c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women Thisbe. 885 On hire he caste hise hevy dedly eyen.
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 239/1 Hevy a-slepe.., sompnolentus.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) Matt. xxvi. f. xxxviijv He..founde them aslepe agayne. For their eyes were hevy.
1587 G. Turberville Tragicall Tales f. 77 And stole vpon the heauie prince, That slumbring long had byn.
1620 T. Venner Via Recta v. 86 It will make the head heauy by repleating it with vapors.
1765 C. Johnstone Chrysal III. i. ii. 9 I thought I had overslept myself—I am so heavy.
1843 T. Hood Song of Shirt i With fingers weary and worn, With eyelids heavy and red.
VIII. Transferred from action to agent.
29. That does what is expressed heavily (in various senses).
ΚΠ
1816 Sporting Mag. 48 181 The heavy betters began to quake at this change of things.
1856 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) II. viii. 305 To pardon so heavy an offender.
1884 Sword & Trowel Jan. 25 I have been a very heavy drinker.
1887 A. C. Gunter Mr. Barnes (1888) 95 Miss Anstruther..returns to the hotel a heavy loser.
1888 Gardening 25 Feb. 712/2 A heavy cropper and a good table Potato.
B. n. [absolute use of the adjective.]
1.
a. In plural. heavies: heavy cavalry; the Dragoon Guards. rarely in singular.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > branch of army > [noun] > cavalry > heavy cavalry
heavies1841
1841 C. J. Lever Charles O'Malley lviii, in Dublin Univ. Mag. Jan. 124/2 We'd better call out the ‘heavies’ by turns.
1850 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis II. xi. 105 Have you..never happened to be listening to the band of the Heavies at Brighton?
1876 G. E. Voyle & G. de Saint-Clair-Stevenson Mil. Dict. (ed. 3) 86 In the British service there are 7 regiments of heavies, viz. the dragoon guards. The weight the horse of the heavies has to carry is over 19 stone.
1895 Daily News 19 Dec. 5/3 Old soldiers..representing the Household Cavalry, the heavies, Lancers, Hussars.
b. the heavies, the heavy artillery.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > branch of army > [noun] > artillery
artillery1598
ordnance1665
RA1815
the heavies1908
1908 Daily Chron. 6 Aug. 6/4 The excellent firing of the 4·7 guns by the First and Seconds (or, as they are more familiarly called, ‘the Heavies’).
1916 ‘B. Cable’ Action Front 113 The Heavies as well as the Field guns were to bombard.
1918 E. M. Roberts Flying Fighter 57 Soon the field artillery and the ‘heavies’ woke up again.
c. A heavy bomber.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > aeroplane > [noun] > used in warfare > bomber
raider1908
bomber1917
night bomber1918
dart1925
bomb-dropper1928
flying boxcar1932
bombing plane1934
bomber aircraft1935
medium bomber1935
dive-bomber1937
heavy1943
nuisance raider1944
shuttle bomber1944
atomic bomber1945
interdictor1965
stealth1979
1943 Time 15 Nov. 26/2 Another co-ordinated series of punches..cost the Allies only ten heavies, two Marauders and five fighters.
1944 Evening Standard 16 Dec. 1/4 Heavy bombers could be heard massing for an attack... Wave after wave of ‘heavies’ went out.
1961 W. Vaughan-Thomas Anzio viii. 164 In cold blood the heavies may not have done vital damage to the Germans forming up on the ground.
d. the heavies, the serious newspapers, journals, etc. (see sense A. 20b).
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > journalism > journal > newspaper > [noun] > serious or quality
the heavies1950
text paper1961
quality1970
1950 C. Woodham-Smith Florence Nightingale 310 In 1857 great influence was exercised by ‘the heavies’—the quarterlies and the reviews.
1962 Guardian 5 Dec. 7/4 I was reading the Sunday papers... I picked up one of the two Heavies.
1962 ‘O. Mills’ Headlines make Murder viii. 89 All three ‘heavies’, The Times, Telegraph and..Guardian.
1971 Author 82 101 The popular press, thrown off balance and uncertain of its role, lost out to the heavies and the provincials.
2.
a. A stage wagon for the conveyance of goods.
ΚΠ
1847 T. De Quincey Schlosser's Lit. Hist. in Tait's Edinb. Mag. Sept. 580/1 The very few old heavies that had begun to creep along three or four main roads.
b. Anything particularly large and weighty of its kind.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > largeness > [noun] > an exceptionally large thing of its kind
swinger1599
rapper1653
thumper1660
whisker1668
spanker1751
slapper1781
whopper1785
skelper1790
smasher1794
pelter1811
swapper1818
jumbo1823
sneezer1823
whacker1825
whanger1825
infant1832
bulger1835
three-decker1835
bouncer1842
snorter1859
whalera1860
plonker1862
bruiser1868
snapper1874
plumper1881
boomer1885
heavy1897
sollicker1898
sanakatowzer1903
Moby Dicka1974
stonker1987
1897 Daily News 25 Nov. 5/1 Amongst the elephantine heavies is Mandarin, who killed a keeper during his last residence at Olympia.
1908 Pall Mall Gaz. 27 Mar. 12/3 Firms..which have specialised in the manufacture of ‘heavies’ [sc. motor vehicles].
1935 Amer. Speech 10 271/1 Heavies, very heavy beef cattle, more than two years old.
1960 Farmer & Stockbreeder 15 Mar. 6/2 Of the uncertified beasts, lightweights were more plentiful than heavies.
1965 Listener 8 Apr. 537/1 The ‘heavies’ are on the march. By 1970 there will be 120 trucks for every 100 there are now on our inadequate roads.
1968 Times 25 Oct. 25/3 (heading) 60 mph for ‘heavies’ [sc. motor vehicles].
c. A heavyweight boxing-match or boxer.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > boxing > [noun] > boxer > of specific weight
welter1804
lightweight1817
middleweight1847
heavyweight1857
light middleweight1885
light-heavyweight1887
featherweight1889
light-heavy1892
light welterweight1892
welter weight1896
light welter1904
super heavyweight1907
middle1908
fly-weight1911
heavy1913
superheavy1917
cruiser-weight1920
light flyweight1922
cruiser1928
mini-flyweight1971
1913 J. G. B. Lynch Compl. Amateur Boxer 221 I remember in the finals of the heavies at the All-India Championship of 1909 seeing Private Clohessy..take on Bombardier Wells.
1950 J. Dempsey Championship Fighting 16 Top-flight heavies like Frank Moran.
d. plural. Horse Racing. Horses' work-shoes.
ΚΠ
1930 Times 24 Mar. 4/2 It is almost impossible to tell by watching a horse walk in the parade ring whether he is plated, or whether he is carrying, to use a racing term, ‘the heavies’.
e. A strongly built person, usually of violent disposition.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > violent behaviour > [noun] > person > strongly built
bruiser1742
heavy1936
the world > life > the body > bodily constitution > bodily strength > [noun] > strong person
hardyc1475
bruiser1742
ball of musclec1914
Tarzan1921
musclehead1923
heavy1962
1936 P. G. Wodehouse Laughing Gas v. 62 It's his sister Beulah. She was the one who put him up to it. She's the heavy in the sequence. As tough as they come.
1962 R. Cook Crust on its Uppers i. 22 A good solid heavy like Chas to deal with the writ-servers.
1970 G. Greer Female Eunuch 194 Cherry is surrounded by threatening creatures, mostly the nightclub heavies.
1972 Catholic Herald 28 Jan. 2/5 Sit down, we want to talk to you... We are going out to get the ‘heavies’.
1973 Times 12 July 4/1 Prostitutes were threatened with ‘heavies’ working for a man named Kenny Lynch.
3. Short for heavy wet n. slang.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > ale or beer > [noun]
oil of barley1638
oil of malt1638
malt liquor1693
mild1712
malt1718
malt-bree1780
heavy wet1821
heavy1823
1823 Spirit of Public Jrnls. (1824) 441 A drop of any thing beyond a pint of heavy.
1850 C. Kingsley Alton Locke I. ii. 32 Here comes the heavy. Hand it here to take the taste of that fellow's talk out of my mouth.
4. to do the heavy: to swagger, to make a fine show. slang.
ΚΠ
1884 Good Words June 399/2 Your ordinary thief, if he have a slice of luck, may ‘do the heavy’ while the luck lasts.
5. esp. Theatre. Short for heavy actor, heavy villain at sense A. 21a, etc. Cf. sense A. 21a.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > drama > actor > [noun] > actor playing specific type of part
ruffy1502
chorus1561
prologuer1570
prologue1579
turquet1625
woman actor1633
underpart1679
epilogist1716
prologist1716
epiloguizer1748
old man1762
prologuizer1762
buffo1764
extrac1777
jeune premier1817
primo buffo1826
character actor1841
utility man1849
deuteragonist1855
character comedian1857
bit playera1859
utility actor1860
serio-comic1866
juvenile lead1870
serio-comique1870
heavy1880
utility1885
thinker1886
onnagata1889
serio1889
juvenile1890
tritagonist1890
oyama1925
juve1935
1880 F. Belton Random Recoll. Old Actor viii. 132 Robertson (the celebrated author of ‘Caste’ ‘School’ etc. for ‘second heavies’).
1906 S. Ford Shorty McCabe iii. 70 So far it's as good as playin' leading heavy in ‘The Shadows of a Great City’.
1928 Observer 22 July 15/2 The fun succumbed to a bucolic lethargy that was only partially shaken off by the retreat to Half Moon Street and the assault of the sentimental heavies.
1937 ‘C. McCabe’ Face on Cutting-room Floor vii. 53 I asked..who the man was... ‘That's Vic's new heavy.’
1961 J. McCabe Mr. Laurel & Mr. Hardy (1962) ii. 49 I always played a ‘heavy’—you know, the villain.
1961 J. McCabe Mr. Laurel & Mr. Hardy (1962) ii. 57 The villains in those days were always called ‘heavies’. Their trade~mark was usually heavy eyebrows and moustache make~up.
1962 J. D. Salinger Franny & Zooey 143 I'm sick to death of being the heavy in everybody's life... They're as happy as pigs till I show up. I feel like those dismal bastards Seymour's beloved Chuang-tzu warned everybody against.
1966 Listener 15 Dec. 890/2 Two of the chief characters are avowed communists, and yet are not the heavies plotting to overthrow the free world.
1973 J. Wainwright Pride of Pigs i. 178 Two of the heavies dived for Tallboy.
6. In plural. The heavy trades or industries (see A. 5); (also) stocks or shares in such a trade or industry.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > [noun] > types of industry generally
rural industry1735
heavies1900
sunset1906
cottage industry1911
light industry1916
heavy industry1932
resource industry1938
nuclear industry1954
growth industry1957
space industry1957
knowledge industry1959
sex industry1965
sunrise1972
smokestack industry1979
Tayacian1979
sausage fest1995
society > trade and finance > stocks and shares > stocks, shares, or bonds > [noun] > types of
redeemables1720
government bond1737
corporate bond1810
trustee security1859
international1863
foreigners1883
most active list1885
gilt-edge1900
actual1908
heavies1922
toxic waste1922
gilt-edged1930
prior charge1930
short1932
gilt1936
performer1939
tap1948
energy security1960
fallen angel1963
medium1968
physicals1974
underperformer1975
taplet1982
1900 Westm. Gaz. 26 Jan. 11/1 Hope for the Heavies.
1902 Daily Chron. 20 May 3/6 The ratio of working expenses for the past half-year on the North British railways was 49 per cent., compared with 65 per cent., or more, on the four ‘heavies’.
1922 Daily Tel. 12 June 2/3 The prices of the other comparable ‘heavies’—Great Western and London and North-Western—have also gone ahead.

Compounds

C1. Parasynthetic, etc., as heavy-armed adj., heavy-handed adj., etc.
a.
heavy-blossomed adj.
ΚΠ
1842 Ld. Tennyson Locksley Hall in Poems (new ed.) II. 108 Droops the heavy-blossom'd bower, hangs the heavy-fruited tree.
heavy-browed adj.
heavy-cheered adj. Obsolete
ΚΠ
1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xx. 2 Heuy-chered I ȝede and elynge in herte.
heavy-eyed adj.
heavy-faced adj.
heavy-fisted adj.
heavy-footed adj.
ΚΠ
1635 A. Gil Sacred Philos. Holy Script. viii. xxxiii. 114 As fast as our heavy-footed reason can follow our faith.
1824 S. E. Ferrier Inheritance I. xvii. 191 The great awkward heavy-footed maid-servant.
1957 T. Gunn Sense of Movement 13 Here is a room with heavy-footed chairs.
heavy-framed adj.
ΚΠ
1898 Daily News 14 Mar. 7/2 A heavy-framed colt.
a1963 J. Fountain in B. James Austral. Short Stories (1963) 2nd Ser. 274 His heavy-framed bike loaded with packages.
heavy-fruited adj.
ΚΠ
1842 Ld. Tennyson Locksley Hall in Poems (new ed.) II. 108 Droops the heavy-blossom'd bower, hangs the heavy-fruited tree.
heavy-gated adj. Obsolete
ΚΠ
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II iii. ii. 15 Let..heauy-gated toades lie in theyr way. View more context for this quotation
heavy-heeled adj.
ΚΠ
a1688 J. Bunyan Heavenly Foot-man (1698) 6 What do you think, that every heavy-heel’d Professor will have Heaven?
heavy-jawed adj.
heavy-jowled adj.
ΚΠ
1944 A. L. Rowse Eng. Spirit 88 That earlier Tudor type..clean-shaven and heavy-jowled.
heavy-lidded adj.
ΚΠ
1919 V. Woolf Night & Day xxvii. 390 Camels slanted their heavy-lidded eyes at her.
heavy-liddedness adj.
ΚΠ
1961 New Yorker 25 Feb. 129/1 I remember experiencing spells of heavy-liddedness during a fairly recent stage presentation of this talkfest.
heavy-limbed adj.
heavy-lipped adj.
heavy-mettled adj.
ΚΠ
1598 R. Grenewey tr. Tacitus Annales iii. vi. 73 He seemed drousie and heauie metled.
heavy-mouthed adj.
ΚΠ
1815 Sporting Mag. 46 263 Heavy-mouthed horses.
heavy-paced adj.
heavy-priced adj.
heavy-scented adj.
ΚΠ
1906 Westm. Gaz. 4 Jan. 2/1 The heavy-scented buds.
1908 Westm. Gaz. 7 Aug. 3/1 Never was such clover!..heavy-scented, rich, and generous.
heavy-set adj.
ΚΠ
1938 D. Runyon Furthermore vii. 130 He is a heavy-set guy.
heavy-shotted adj.
ΚΠ
1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam vi. 6 His heavy-shotted hammock-shroud. View more context for this quotation
heavy-shuttered adj.
heavy-tailed adj.
ΚΠ
1702 J. Vanbrugh False Friend i The dull, heavy-tailed maukin melts him down with her modesty.
heavy-winged adj.
heavy-witted adj.
b.
heavy-looking adj.
ΚΠ
1632 R. Sherwood Dict. in R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues (new ed.) :Heauie-looking, halbrenné.
1888 E. J. Goodman Too Curious iv A dull, heavy-looking girl.
heavy-seeming adj.
C2.
heavy-faced adj. having a heavy face (see face n. 21 and sense 10 above).
ΚΠ
1917 F. S. Henry Printing for School & Shop vii. 90 Heavy-faced types are appropriate in printed matter for the iron and steel industry.
heavy-timbered adj. (a) thickly furnished with growing trees; (b) large-limbed.
ΚΠ
1831 J. M. Peck Guide for Emigrants ii. 40 The wide, level, and heavy timbered alluvions, are..unhealthy.
1861 G. J. Whyte-Melville Market Harborough 7 Deep-ribbed, heavy-timbered hounds.
1903 S. E. White Conjuror's House iv. 39 The fort itself, a medley of heavy-timbered stockades and square block-houses.
1908 Westm. Gaz. 25 Aug. 7/1 A dark, heavy-timbered wood.
C3. (Chiefly technical from branch A. I.):
heavy arse n. now rare a lazy or sluggish person.In quot. 1994 in historical context.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > inaction > disinclination to act or listlessness > [noun] > sluggishness or heaviness > person
sluggard1398
slugc1425
dawa1500
belly huddroun?a1513
slowbelly1526
luggard?1528
heavy arse1530
slugger1539
druggard1569
slowback1577
snaila1593
slugplum1593
druggle1611
dawdlea1764
laggard1808
doldrum1812
dawdler1818
slowcoach1828
lag-last1830
slowpoke1847
morepork1874
slob1876
slow boat to China1919
schlump1941
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement f. cliiiv/1 What vp heauy arse cannest thou nat aryse.
1766 A. Nicol Poems Several Subj. 172 Some faint-hearted heavy arses sway The wheel half round.
1770 T. Nugent New Pocket Dict. French & Eng. (new ed.) sig. G2v Cul de plomb, a sedentary man; an heavy arse.
1902 Eng. Dial. Dict. III. 124/1 Heavy-arse or -ass, a hulking, lazy fellow, a sluggard.
1994 D. Gabaldon Voyager (1995) 470 Well, get up that tree again then, heavy-arse.
heavy bag n. a punch-bag.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > boxing > [noun] > punchbag
bag1858
punchbag1885
punchball1888
heavy bag1950
speedball1955
1950 J. Dempsey Championship Fighting 41 Canvas or leather ‘dummy bag’—sometimes known as the ‘heavy bag’.
heavy-clay n. (a) literal (see sense A. 9); (b) figurative an agricultural labourer.
ΚΠ
1869 Daily News 8 Sept. These unfortunate heavy-clays never dream of bettering their condition.
heavy drawer n. (in coining) a drawer into which coins exceeding the standard weight are dropped.
ΚΠ
1887 Pall Mall Gaz. 2 June 5/1 Should the coin being weighed prove too heavy, the pan into which it falls goes down, and the coin slips into a ‘heavy’ drawer.
heavy drift-ice n.
heavy-earth n. = baryta n.
heavy franc n. (a name given to) the new franc, equivalent to 100 old francs, introduced in France in 1960.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > foreign coins > [noun] > French coins > new franc
heavy franc1958
1958 Times 29 Dec. 6/4 (headline) The ‘Heavy’ Franc...A new monetary unit is to be created [in France] worth 100 francs. It will be introduced gradually during the next 12 months.
1959 Observer 11 Oct. 3/8 The new ‘heavy franc’, which officially comes into use next January.
heavy going n. something difficult to negotiate (originally as regards physical progress); the fact of making slow or difficult progress.
ΚΠ
1848 Bell's Life in London 15 Oct. 5/2 The ground, owing to the late rains, was heavy going.
1877 Farmer's Mag. Sept. 181/2 The mire,..when saturated with rain, is heavy going.
1915 Manitoba Free Press 13 Oct. 8/4 Investors and speculators would find it heavy going for a while.
1936 Discovery May 142/1 The next stage, up the North Ridge, is not very difficult technically but is, nevertheless, heavy going.
1958 Listener 18 Sept. 433/3 A book that is not only full of interest but is completely without heavy going.
2008 P. Gillett Movie Great xvii. 154 The stilted movements and expressive close-ups might be intended to explore states of feeling, but they can be heavy going.
heavy gunner n. figurative = heavy swell n.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > fashionableness > [noun] > dandy
popa1500
miniona1513
prick-me-daintya1529
puppy?1544
velvet-coat1549
skipjack1554
coxcomb1567
musk cat?1567
physbuttocke1570
Adonis?1571
Adon1590
foretop1597
musk-cod1600
pretty fellow1600
sparkc1600
spangle-baby1602
flash1605
barber-monger1608
cocoloch1610
dapperling1611
fantastica1613
feather-cock1612
trig1612
jack-a-dandy?1617
gimcrack1623
satinist1639
powder puffa1653
fop1676
prig1676
foplinga1681
cockcomb1684
beau garçona1687
shape1688
duke1699
nab1699
smirk1699
beau1700
petty master1706
moppet1707
Tom Astoner1707
dapper1709
petit maître1711
buck1725
toupee1727
toupet1728
toupet-man1748
jemmy1753
jessamy1753
macaroni1764
majoc1770
monkeyrony1773
dandyc1780
elegant1780
muscadin1794
incroyable1797
beauty man1800
bang-up1811
natty1818
ruffian1818
exquisite1819
heavy swell1819
marvellous1819
bit of stuff1828
merveilleux1830
fat1832
squirt1844
dandyling1846
ineffable1859
guinea pig1860
Dundreary swell1862
masher1872
dude1877
mash1879
dudette1883
dand1886
heavy gunner1890
posh1890
nut1904
smoothie1929
fancy-pants1930
saga boy1941
fancy Dan1943
1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Colonial Reformer I. xiii. 221 We can always find out and trace our ‘heavy gunners’.
heavy ice n. (see quot. 1835).
ΚΠ
1835 J. Ross Narr. Second Voy. North-west Passage Explan. Terms p. xv Heavy-ice, that which has a great depth in proportion, and not in a state of decay.
heavy mineral n. (see quot. 1971).
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > [noun] > other general types
fluor1610
sulphur1799
amygdule1877
heavy mineral1893
fem1902
sal1902
stress mineral1913
opaque1960
1893 A. Geikie Text-bk. Geol. (ed. 3) ii. ii. 129 These heavy minerals constitute sometimes as much as 4 per cent of the Bagshot sand.
1939 Proc. Prehistoric Soc. 5 109 A heavy-mineral analysis of a sample of the sand.
1971 I. G. Gass et al. Understanding Earth xiii. 166/2 Rather more satisfactory from the point of view of recognising parent rocks is the presence of a small proportion (often less than 1%) of what are known as ‘heavy minerals’. These have a greater specific gravity than the common minerals quartz and feldspar (hence the name), and are separated by breaking up the rocks and floating off the lighter minerals in a heavy liquid (bromo~form, S.G. 2.89 is commonly used). Assemblages of heavy minerals may be characteristic of certain groups of parent rocks.
heavy oil n. any oil of high specific gravity, originally such an oil obtained from the distillation of coal-tar (cf. dead oil n. at dead adj., n., and adv. Compounds 2).
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > extracted or refined oil > [noun] > distilled or refined mineral oils
oil of amber1559
neftec1575
light oil1761
white oil1763
white spirit1832
eupione1838
gas oil1839
heavy oil1849
petroleum ether1851
asboline1863
hydrocarbon oil1864
solar oil1864
mineral spirits1875
blown oil1887
phenoloid1900
1849 C. B. Mansfield in Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 1 250 The heavy oil whose extrication forms the second period of the process, is technically called ‘dead oil’.
1913 V. B. Lewes Oil Fuel 129 The heavy tar oil, or ‘creosote oil’ forms a fairly good liquid fuel. The specific gravity is usually in the neighbourhood of 1.1, hence its name of ‘heavy-oil’, being heavier than water.
1913 V. B. Lewes Oil Fuel 180 Heavy oil engines.
1936 Discovery Feb. 37 Locomotives driven by heavy oil and electricity.
heavy pine n. (a name of) the Pinus ponderosa.
ΚΠ
1923 W. Dallimore & A. B. Jackson Handbk. Coniferæ 437 Pinus ponderosa, Douglas. Western Yellow Pine... Big Pine; Bull Pine; Heavy Pine; Heavy-wooded Pine.
heavy-sizing n.
ΚΠ
1880 Nature 29 Jan. 299/1 Unscrupulous manufacturers introduced the practice of ‘heavy-sizing’—that is, in plain terms, of substituting cheap mineral substances for cotton.
heavy sugar n. U.S. slang ‘big money’ (see sugar n. 2c).
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > money > sum of money > [noun] > large sum
pounda1225
ransom?a1300
fother14..
gob1542
mint1579
king's ransomc1590
abomination1604
coda1680
a pretty (also fine, fair, etc.) penny1710
plunk1767
big money1824
pot1856
big one?1863
a small fortune1874
four figures1893
poultice1902
parcel1903
bundle1905
pretty1909
real money1918
stack1919
packet1922
heavy sugar1926
motza1936
big bucks1941
bomb1958
wedge1977
megadollars1980
squillion1986
bank1995
1926 G. H. Maines & B. Grant Wise-crack Dict. 9/2 Heavy sugar papa, sweet old man with fat purse.
1928 Flynn's 4 Feb. 437/1 Johns with heavy sugar.
heavy swell n. colloquial (with pun on heavy swell in sense A. 8) a man of showy or impressive appearance; one dressed in the height of fashion.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > fashionableness > [noun] > dandy
popa1500
miniona1513
prick-me-daintya1529
puppy?1544
velvet-coat1549
skipjack1554
coxcomb1567
musk cat?1567
physbuttocke1570
Adonis?1571
Adon1590
foretop1597
musk-cod1600
pretty fellow1600
sparkc1600
spangle-baby1602
flash1605
barber-monger1608
cocoloch1610
dapperling1611
fantastica1613
feather-cock1612
trig1612
jack-a-dandy?1617
gimcrack1623
satinist1639
powder puffa1653
fop1676
prig1676
foplinga1681
cockcomb1684
beau garçona1687
shape1688
duke1699
nab1699
smirk1699
beau1700
petty master1706
moppet1707
Tom Astoner1707
dapper1709
petit maître1711
buck1725
toupee1727
toupet1728
toupet-man1748
jemmy1753
jessamy1753
macaroni1764
majoc1770
monkeyrony1773
dandyc1780
elegant1780
muscadin1794
incroyable1797
beauty man1800
bang-up1811
natty1818
ruffian1818
exquisite1819
heavy swell1819
marvellous1819
bit of stuff1828
merveilleux1830
fat1832
squirt1844
dandyling1846
ineffable1859
guinea pig1860
Dundreary swell1862
masher1872
dude1877
mash1879
dudette1883
dand1886
heavy gunner1890
posh1890
nut1904
smoothie1929
fancy-pants1930
saga boy1941
fancy Dan1943
1819 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 4 566 The third was one than whom no heavier swell Thy groaning pavement, Street of Princes, vext.
1830 Countess Granville Lett. (1894) II. 60 The people at Melton..asking ‘Who's that heavy swell?’
1883 B. M. Croker Pretty Miss Neville (1884) xlii. 385 You ought to make a good match, you know, and marry some heavy swell with heaps of coin.
heavy-wood n. (see quot. 1884).
ΚΠ
1884 W. Miller Dict. Eng. Names Plants Baroxylon rufum, Red Heavy-wood.
heavy-wooded pine n. the western yellow pine, Pinus ponderosa.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > conifers > [noun] > pines and allies
pine treeeOE
pineOE
pine-nut treec1330
pineapplec1390
pineapple treea1398
mountain pine1597
pine1597
mountain pine1601
frankincense1611
rosin flower?1611
black pine1683
Scotch pine1706
yellow pine1709
Jersey pine1743
loblolly pine1760
mugoa1768
Scots pine1774
Scotch fir1777
arrow plant1779
scrub pine1791
Georgia pine1796
old field pine1797
tamarack1805
grey pine1810
pond pine1810
New Jersey pine1818
loblolly1819
Corsican pine1824
celery-top pine1827
toatoa1831
heavy-wooded pine1836
nut pine1845
celery pine1851
celery-topped pine1851
sugar-pine1853
western white pine1857
Jeffrey1858
Korean pine1858
lodge-pole pine1859
jack pine1863
whitebark pine1864
twisted pine1866
Monterey pine1868
tanekaha1875
chir1882
slash-pine1882
celery-leaved pine1883
knee-pine1884
knobcone pine1884
matsu1884
meadow pine1884
Alaska pine1890
limber pine1901
bristlecone pine1908
o-matsu1916
insignis1920
radiata1953
1836 Agriculturist's Man. (P. Lawson & Son) 354 Pinus ponderosa—Heavy Wooded Pine... Introduced by Mr. Douglas from the west coast of North America in 1828.
1858 J. A. Warder Hedges & Evergreens ii. 250 Pinus ponderosa, or Heavy-wooded Pine, has leaves from nine inches to a foot long.
1866 ‘J. Senilis’ Pinaceæ 125 Pinus Ponderosa: The Heavy-Wooded Pine. Introduced from North America nearly forty years ago.

Draft additions June 2006

heavy cream n. originally U.S. a type of (whipping) cream with an especially high fat content; cf. double cream n. at double adj.1 and adv. Compounds 1, light cream n. at light adj.1 and n.2 Compounds 3.
ΚΠ
1895 N.Y. Times 28 July 21/1 Most city dairies sell two grades of cream, which they call light and heavy; as a rule, the heavy cream should be used for ice cream.
2005 G. Stella Livin' Low Carb 228 With an electric mixer on high speed, whip the heavy cream until just frothy.

Draft additions September 2008

heavy hitter n. originally U.S. = big hitter n. at big adj. and adv. Compounds 2.
ΚΠ
1874 Chicago Tribune 31 May 16/4 It [sc. a livelier ball] would give their heavy hitters a better opportunity to display their strength.
1922 A. O. Barton La Follette's Winning of Wisconsin xxxi. 448 Chynoweth, his undaunted, immovable legal adviser and heavy hitter, is there.
1936 Times 29 Oct. 5/6 Lenham..is a heavy hitter and a useful boxer for a big man.
1991 Entertainm. Weekly 14 June 31/1 Imagine a baseball season with only a few heavy hitters signed and the winningest pitchers off playing golf.
2004 Independent (Compact ed.) 25 Feb. (Review section) 6/1 The general manager..describes some heavy hitters from his 21st-century client list: City of London brokers, foreign royalty, big-time gamblers.

Draft additions December 2020

heavy breather n. a person who breathes in a laboured or audible manner, typically as a result of exertion or sexual arousal, or during sleep; now esp. an anonymous telephone caller who breathes heavily into the phone in order to intimidate, disturb, or sexually harass the recipient of the call.Cf. heavy breathing n.
ΚΠ
1870 Preston Chron. & Lancs. Advertiser 19 Mar. 6/2 He..is a good laugher when he starts, a heavy breather when hurried.
1923 J. N. North Prayer Rug 40 Oh heavy breather in the surf of sleep.
1968 N. Y. Times 25 Apr. 52 The theater made prominent mention of the nude scene in its ads... ‘Certainly we attracted some creeps and heavy breathers,’ she said.
1975 Transcript (North Adams, Mass.) 29 Aug. 4 Heavy breathers at work... The nuisance caller, commonly known as ‘the heavy breather’, is at work again.
2017 K. Kwan Rich People Probl. ii. v. 135 Is this creep actually engaging in phone sex in the next stall?.. He felt dirty all over just listening to that heavy breather.

Draft additions December 2020

heavy breathing n. laboured or audible breathing, typically as a result of exertion or sexual arousal, or during sleep; (now also) such breathing made by an anonymous telephone caller in order to intimidate, disturb, or sexually harass the recipient of the call.Cf. heavy breather n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > respiratory organs > breathing > audible breathing > [noun]
blowingc1175
heavy breathing1598
1598 J. Mosan tr. C. Wirsung Praxis Med. Vniuersalis ii. xvi. 242 This salue is also very good for all heauie breathing that proceedeth of grosse tough matter.
1798 R. Jackson Outl. Hist. & Cure Fever i. 24 Stricture, heavy breathing and affection of the chest alternated with delirium or affection of the head.
1841 C. Dickens Barnaby Rudge xxviii. 93 It was the heavy breathing of a sleeper, close at hand.
1853 C. J. Hempel & J. M. Quin tr. Jahr's New Man. III. 809/1 Heavy breathing, after a short walk.
1978 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 21 Nov. 10/6 People who disagreed would get phone calls at 3 a.m. with heavy breathing.
2014 B. Napoli Eighth Realm (e-book, accessed 2 Dec. 2019) xii. 80 Leon the driver could hear the sounds of heavy breathing and soft moans of pleasure.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

heavyadj.2

/ˈhiːvi/
Etymology: < heave n. 3 + -y suffix1.
Of a horse: Suffering from the heaves.
ΚΠ
1864 in Webster's Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. , and in mod. Dicts.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online September 2018).

heavyv.

Brit. /ˈhɛvi/, U.S. /ˈhɛvi/, Australian English /ˈhevi/, New Zealand English /ˈhevi/
Forms: Old English hefigian, hefegian, Middle English heuegy, heueȝi, Middle English heuien, Middle English–1500s hevie, hevye, (Middle English euye), 1500s heauy, Scottish hewie.
Etymology: Old English hefigian , hefegian = Old High German hevîgôn < Old Germanic *heƀigôjan , < *heƀigo- , Old English hefig heavy adj.1
Obsolete.
1. transitive. To make heavy, burdensome, or oppressive.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > properties of materials > weight or relative heaviness > weight [verb (transitive)] > make heavy
heavyc825
aggregea1382
greggea1382
grievec1384
gravidate1657
c825 Vesp. Psalter xxxi[i]. 4 Deges and naehtes gehefegad is ofer me hond ðin.
a1300 E.E. Psalter xxxi[i]. 4 For over me, bathe dai and night, Hevied es þi hand of might.
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 239/1 Hevyyn, or makyn hevy in wyghte, gravo, aggravo, pondero.
2. To weigh down; to burden; to oppress, grieve, distress.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > cause of mental pain or suffering > cause mental pain or suffering to [verb (transitive)]
heavyc897
pineeOE
aileOE
sorryeOE
traya1000
sorrowOE
to work (also do) (a person) woeOE
angerc1175
smarta1200
to work, bake, brew balec1200
derve?c1225
grieve?c1225
sitc1225
sweam?c1225
gnawc1230
sughc1230
troublec1230
aggrievea1325
to think sweama1325
unframea1325
anguish1340
teen1340
sowa1352
distrainc1374
to-troublea1382
strain1382
unglad1390
afflicta1393
paina1393
distressa1400
hita1400
sorea1400
assayc1400
remordc1400
temptc1400
to sit (or set) one sorec1420
overthrow?a1425
visit1424
labour1437
passionc1470
arraya1500
constraina1500
misgrievea1500
attempt1525
exagitate1532
to wring to the worse1542
toil1549
lament1580
adolorate1598
rankle1659
try1702
to pass over ——1790
upset1805
to touch (also get, catch, etc.) (a person) on the raw1823
to put (a person) through it1855
bludgeon1888
to get to ——1904
to put through the hoop(s)1919
the world > action or operation > adversity > suffer (adversity or affliction) [verb (transitive)] > afflict > oppress or afflict
heavyc897
narroweOE
overlayOE
overseamOE
twingea1300
to weigh downa1340
grieve1340
besit1377
oppressc1384
foila1400
thringa1400
empressc1400
enpressc1400
aska1425
press?a1425
peisea1450
straita1464
constraina1500
overhale1531
to grate on or upon1532
wrack1562
surcharge1592
to lie heavy uponc1595
to weigh back, on one side, to the earth1595
to sit on ——1607
to sit upon ——1607
gall1614
bear1645
weight1647
obsess1648
aggrieve1670
swinge1681
lean1736
gravitate1754
weigh1794
c897 K. Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care liv. 419 Se hund wile aspiwan ðone mete ðe hine hefigað on his breostum.
c900 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (1890) iv. xxi. [xix.] 320 Heo wæs eft hefigad mid þæm ærrum sarum.
c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xxvi. 43 Soðlice heora eagan wæron gehefegode.
c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 79 Þe fule lustes heuien þe sowle.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 247 Þe neoðere [grindstone]..is iheueged [a1250 Titus iheueȝet] her wið hart for to beo cwite of hardere.
c1374 G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Cambr.) v. met. v. 133 So þat thy thoght ne be nat I-heuyed ne put lowe.
1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) 2 Sam. xiv. 26 Onys in the ȝeer he was doddid, for the heere heuyde [a1425 L.V. greuede] him.
c1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode (1869) i. xlix. 30 It is not matere of wratthe; it shulde not heuy yow of no thing.
1465 J. Rising in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 309 Thei had hevyed the peple that dwelle ther, and þat gretly.
1533 J. Gau tr. C. Pedersen Richt Vay sig. I.iii Cum to me al ȝe quhilk ar hewit (that is with sine).
1581 R. Mulcaster Positions xx. 87 Darke and cloudie aire heauyeth.
3. intransitive. To grow heavy or weighty.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > properties of materials > weight or relative heaviness > have weight [verb (intransitive)] > be or become heavy
heavyc897
seamc950
c897 K. Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care xxi. 163 Hu sio byrðen wiexþ and hefegaþ.
c1305 St. Christopher 96 in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 62 Eueree as he bar þis child: hit gan to heuye faste.
4. To become heavy through weariness or grief.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > feel sorrow or grief [verb (intransitive)]
sorroweOE
sorryeOE
careOE
heavyOE
mournOE
rueOE
murkenOE
dole13..
likec1330
wailc1374
ensorrowc1384
gloppen?a1400
sytea1400
teena1400
grievec1400
angera1425
erme1481
yearna1500
aggrieve1559
discomfort?a1560
melancholyc1580
to eat one's (own) heart1590
repent1590
passion1598
sigh1642
the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > be or become dejected [verb (intransitive)]
heavyOE
fallOE
droopena1225
lourc1290
droopc1330
to abate one's countenance (also cheer)a1350
dullc1374
fainta1375
languora1375
languisha1382
afflicta1393
gloppen?a1400
weary1434
appalc1450
to have one's heart in one's boots (also shoes, heels, hose, etc.)c1450
peak1580
dumpc1585
mopea1592
sink1603
bate1607
deject1644
despond1655
alamort?1705
sadden1718
dismal1780
munge1790
mug1828
to get one's tail down1853
to have (also get) the pip1881
shadow1888
to have (one's) ass in a sling1960
OE Guthlac B 956 Wæs se bancofa adle onæled, inbendum fæst, lichond onlocen. Leomu hefegedon, sarum gesohte.
c1275 Laȝamon Brut 18408 Nou non hii solle heueȝi and suþþe hii solle sleape.
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Mark xiv. 33 He..bigan for to drede, and to heuye [a1425 L.V. be anoyed].
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

heavyadv.

Brit. /ˈhɛvi/, U.S. /ˈhɛvi/
Etymology: Old English hefige = Old High German hebîgo , hevîgo ; < hefig heavy adj.1
= heavily adv.
1. In a heavy manner; with weight, literal and figurative; ponderously; massively; burdensomely, oppressively.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > properties of materials > weight or relative heaviness > [adverb]
heavyc1000
heavilyc1320
sadlya1400
ponderouslyc1500
lead-like1816
lumpishly1860
leadenly1879
c1000 Ags. Ps. (1835) lvii[i]. 2 Forþan ðæs wite eft, on eowre handa, hefige geeode.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 27 Heo ligeð wið iren ibunden heuie.
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) xi. l. 426 Hewy, cled in-to plait off maill.
1582 N. Lichefield tr. F. L. de Castanheda 1st Bk. Hist. Discouerie E. Indias lxxviii. 158 b The Boates went verye heavie laden with theyr furniture.
1600 J. Pory tr. J. Leo Africanus Geogr. Hist. Afr. ii. 383 Holding their hands heavie over such as shewed themselves repugnant.
1611 Bible (King James) Isa. xlvi. 1 Your carriages were heauie loaden. View more context for this quotation
1678 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. i. 16 Lean heavy upon it.
1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 333 The least likely to lean heavy on the active capital employed. View more context for this quotation
1832 R. Southey Ess. II. 231 The mortality..fell heaviest upon the poor.
2. With laborious movement; slowly, sluggishly; laboriously.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > slowness of action or operation > [adverb]
lateeOE
latelyOE
heavilyc1000
hoolya1340
slowlyc1384
slowa1398
sluggedlyc1450
tarryingly1530
loiteringly1547
sluggishly1565
languishingly1579
limpingly1579
lingeringly1589
tarde1598
unnimbly1607
longsomelyc1610
tardilya1616
languidly1655
heavy1701
slack1854
snailishly1889
tharfly1894
pole pole1902
weedy-slow1921
the world > movement > rate of motion > slowness > [adverb] > tardily or sluggishly
slacklyc960
latelyOE
heavilyc1000
hoolya1340
sluggedlyc1450
sluggishlyc1450
tarryingly1530
loiteringly1547
tediously1557
languishingly1579
limpingly1579
lingeringly1589
unnimbly1607
longsomelyc1610
tardilya1616
a-sluga1620
sluggingly1653
languidly1655
dilatorily1700
heavy1701
lagginglyc1817
laggardly1835
slack1854
slackly1884
logily1912
1701 London Gaz. No. 3715/4 Stolen..a sorrel Gelding..trots heavy.
1798 Ld. Nelson 7 Sept. in Dispatches & Lett. (1845) III. 116 The Culloden sails so heavy, by having a sail under her bottom in order to stop her leak.
1803 Naval Chron. 10 157 The third [boat], from rowing heavy, did not get up.
3. With displeasure or anger. See also to bear (a person or thing) heavy at bear v.1 Phrases 2a, Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > anger > [adverb]
hotlyeOE
wrothec950
wrothlyOE
moodilyOE
thraftlyc1275
wrathfullyc1330
teenfullya1375
heavyc1380
angerlya1387
angrilyc1400
irouslya1450
fumously1459
wrethfullyc1475
hot1487
irefully1490
wrothfullya1500
wrothly?a1500
melancholily1536
enragedlya1572
fumingly1597
iracundiously1599
teenouslya1600
passionately1615
warmly1776
wrathily1847
heatedly1862
irately1883
spunkily1890
wrothily1898
c1380 J. Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 359 Many men þenken ful hevy wiþ þis sentence.
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Mark x. 14 Whom whanne Jhesus hadde seyn, he baar heuye.
1430–40 J. Lydgate tr. Bochas Fall of Princes (1554) v. xxv. 138 b Hatefull also to euery creature, And heauy borne of worthy kynges three.
c1565 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1728) 38 The king took very heavy with this high contempt.
4. Gravely, seriously. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > importance > [adverb] > gravely or seriously
gravously1548
heavy1563
capitally1606
seriously1770
au sérieux1836
au grand sérieux1849
gravely1885
1563 N. Winȝet Certain Tractates (1888) I. 106 Thai hef failȝeit hauelie..and ȝe fer hauiar.
5. Now chiefly hyphenated with the participle which it qualifies. See also heavy-laden adj.
ΚΠ
1553 J. Brende tr. Q. Curtius Rufus Hist. v. f. 94v Dimichas, that were fotemen heuyharnised, but yet did ride on horseback.
1670 J. Dryden Tyrannick Love iv. i. 34 Gross—heavy-fed..And spotted all without.
1836–48 B. D. Walsh tr. Aristophanes Clouds i. iv The pipe's heavy-echoing booming.
1840 F. Marryat Poor Jack x. 61 A heavy pulling boat.
1840 R. H. Dana Two Years before Mast xv. 37 A large, heavy-moulded fellow.
1885 W. D. Howells Rise Silas Lapham ii. 33 Lapham's idea of hospitality was..to bring a heavy-buying customer home to pot-luck.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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adj.1n.c825adj.21864v.c825adv.c1000
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