headwindn.

Brit.

/ˈhɛdwɪnd/, U.S.

/ˈhɛdˌwɪnd/

Forms: see head n.¹ and wind n.¹

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: head n.¹, wind n.¹

Etymology: < head n.¹ + wind n.¹In Old English rendering post-classical Latin cardinalis cardinal n., and attested only in Ælfric's De Temporibus Anni (see quots. at sense 1). Compare Middle Low German hȫvetwint, Old Icelandic hǫfuðvindr, both in the same sense. Re-formed in the early 18th cent.

†1. Each of the cardinal winds (cardinal wind n. at cardinal adj. Compounds). Obsolete. rare.Only in Old English.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > [noun] > wind with reference to direction > wind from a cardinal point

headwindOE

cardinal winda1398

quarter winda1450

OE Ælfric De Temporibus Anni (Cambr. Gg.3.28) (2009) x. 94 Feower heafodwindas sind [L. ventorum quattuor cardinales sunt]; se fyrmesta is easterne wind, Subsolanus gehaten... Se oðer heafodwind is suðerne, Auster gehaten.

OE Ælfric De Temporibus Anni (Cambr. Gg.3.28) (2009) x. 94 Þas feower heafodwindas habbað betwux him on ymbhwyrfte oðre eahta windas, æfre betwux þam heafodwindum twegen windas.

a. A wind blowing from directly in front (of a ship, vehicle, person, etc.); a wind blowing against the direction of travel.In most circumstances a headwind impedes forward progress, but such conditions may be beneficial to aircraft because of the additional lift created.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > [noun] > wind with reference to direction

windc725

lateral1635

headwind1709

1709 J. Lawson New Voy. Carolina 197 When they go by Water, if there proves a Head-Wind, they never vex and fret as the Europeans do.

1774 Dunlap's Pennsylvania Packet 14 June (Postscript) (advt.) Port Penn..from whence vessels may..sail to Philadelphia in one tide, and with head winds in two tides.

1824 W. Irving Tales of Traveller I. 53 I was kept by storms and head winds for three long days.

1879 J. Fiske Let. 1 June (1940) 382 There is a blasted head-wind this morning which will delay us somewhat.

1899 S. Gwynn Highways & Byways Donegal & Antrim i. 19 Most of the hills can be ridden [by bicycle]—unless with a headwind.

1915 Flying June 539/1 Under favorable conditions, i. e., with a head wind of 8–10 m. p. sec., this seaplane succeeds in rising..with a load of 210 kilos.

1997 Sunday Times 26 Oct. (Sport section) 15/4 The 11-woman crew ran into headwinds to the north of Scotland.

2012 Liverpool Echo (Nexis) 6 Sept. 58 Sprinter Anyika Onuora ran a time of 11.60 seconds for 100m into a strong headwind of 0.5 metres per second.

b. figurative. A circumstance or factor which inhibits progress, recovery, etc. Frequently in plural.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > [noun] > one who or that which hinders > a hindrance, impediment, or obstacle

hinderc1200

withsetting1340

obstaclec1385

traversea1393

mara1400

bayc1440

stoppagec1450

barrace1480

blocka1500

objecta1500

clog1526

stumbling-stone1526

bar1530

(to cast) a trump in (one's) way1548

stumbling-stock1548

hindrance1576

a log in one's way1579

crossbar1582

log1589

rub1589

threshold1600

scotch1601

dam1602

remora1604

obex1611

obstructiona1616

stumbling-blocka1616

fence1639

affront1642

retardance1645

stick1645

balk1660

obstruent1669

blockade1683

sprun1684

spoke1689

cross cause1696

uncomplaisance1707

barrier1712

obstruct1747

dike1770

abatis1808

underbrush1888

bunker1900

bump1909

sprag1914

hurdle1924

headwind1927

mudhole1933

monkey wrench1937

roadblock1945

1927 Scotsman 27 Dec. 11/5 The progress..has been in spite of what might be described as an economic headwind tending to reduce that progress.

1955 Eng. Hist. Rev. 70 67 The Imperial Bank had run into financial headwinds.

1985 Christian Sci. Monitor (Nexis) 20 Feb. 1 The Simpson-Mazzoli bill..breezed through the Senate but met stiff headwinds in the House.

2011 Independent 27 Jan. 13/1 We will still have to battle pretty hard against headwinds, including local authority cutbacks.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	headwind
释义	headwindn. Brit. /ˈhɛdwɪnd/, U.S. /ˈhɛdˌwɪnd/ Forms: see head n.¹ and wind n.¹ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: head n.¹, wind n.¹ Etymology: < head n.¹ + wind n.¹In Old English rendering post-classical Latin cardinalis cardinal n., and attested only in Ælfric's De Temporibus Anni (see quots. at sense 1). Compare Middle Low German hȫvetwint, Old Icelandic hǫfuðvindr, both in the same sense. Re-formed in the early 18th cent. †1. Each of the cardinal winds (cardinal wind n. at cardinal adj. Compounds). Obsolete. rare.Only in Old English. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > [noun] > wind with reference to direction > wind from a cardinal point headwindOE cardinal winda1398 quarter winda1450 OE Ælfric De Temporibus Anni (Cambr. Gg.3.28) (2009) x. 94 Feower heafodwindas sind [L. ventorum quattuor cardinales sunt]; se fyrmesta is easterne wind, Subsolanus gehaten... Se oðer heafodwind is suðerne, Auster gehaten. OE Ælfric De Temporibus Anni (Cambr. Gg.3.28) (2009) x. 94 Þas feower heafodwindas habbað betwux him on ymbhwyrfte oðre eahta windas, æfre betwux þam heafodwindum twegen windas. 2. a. A wind blowing from directly in front (of a ship, vehicle, person, etc.); a wind blowing against the direction of travel.In most circumstances a headwind impedes forward progress, but such conditions may be beneficial to aircraft because of the additional lift created. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > [noun] > wind with reference to direction windc725 lateral1635 headwind1709 1709 J. Lawson New Voy. Carolina 197 When they go by Water, if there proves a Head-Wind, they never vex and fret as the Europeans do. 1774 Dunlap's Pennsylvania Packet 14 June (Postscript) (advt.) Port Penn..from whence vessels may..sail to Philadelphia in one tide, and with head winds in two tides. 1824 W. Irving Tales of Traveller I. 53 I was kept by storms and head winds for three long days. 1879 J. Fiske Let. 1 June (1940) 382 There is a blasted head-wind this morning which will delay us somewhat. 1899 S. Gwynn Highways & Byways Donegal & Antrim i. 19 Most of the hills can be ridden [by bicycle]—unless with a headwind. 1915 Flying June 539/1 Under favorable conditions, i. e., with a head wind of 8–10 m. p. sec., this seaplane succeeds in rising..with a load of 210 kilos. 1997 Sunday Times 26 Oct. (Sport section) 15/4 The 11-woman crew ran into headwinds to the north of Scotland. 2012 Liverpool Echo (Nexis) 6 Sept. 58 Sprinter Anyika Onuora ran a time of 11.60 seconds for 100m into a strong headwind of 0.5 metres per second. b. figurative. A circumstance or factor which inhibits progress, recovery, etc. Frequently in plural. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > [noun] > one who or that which hinders > a hindrance, impediment, or obstacle hinderc1200 withsetting1340 obstaclec1385 traversea1393 mara1400 bayc1440 stoppagec1450 barrace1480 blocka1500 objecta1500 clog1526 stumbling-stone1526 bar1530 (to cast) a trump in (one's) way1548 stumbling-stock1548 hindrance1576 a log in one's way1579 crossbar1582 log1589 rub1589 threshold1600 scotch1601 dam1602 remora1604 obex1611 obstructiona1616 stumbling-blocka1616 fence1639 affront1642 retardance1645 stick1645 balk1660 obstruent1669 blockade1683 sprun1684 spoke1689 cross cause1696 uncomplaisance1707 barrier1712 obstruct1747 dike1770 abatis1808 underbrush1888 bunker1900 bump1909 sprag1914 hurdle1924 headwind1927 mudhole1933 monkey wrench1937 roadblock1945 1927 Scotsman 27 Dec. 11/5 The progress..has been in spite of what might be described as an economic headwind tending to reduce that progress. 1955 Eng. Hist. Rev. 70 67 The Imperial Bank had run into financial headwinds. 1985 Christian Sci. Monitor (Nexis) 20 Feb. 1 The Simpson-Mazzoli bill..breezed through the Senate but met stiff headwinds in the House. 2011 Independent 27 Jan. 13/1 We will still have to battle pretty hard against headwinds, including local authority cutbacks. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.OE
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