单词 | hepatitis |
释义 | hepatitisn. Medicine. Inflammation of the liver; an instance or type of this. In later use frequently with distinguishing word, typically specifying the nature or cause of the inflammation.The typical symptoms of hepatitis are malaise and jaundice, usually accompanied by dark urine and pale, fatty stools. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > glandular disorders > [noun] > disorders of liver hepatitis1699 liver rot1785 liver1805 gin liver1830 nutmeg liver1833 cirrhosis1839 Laennec's cirrhosis1839 gin drinker's liver1845 yellow atrophy1845 hobnailed liver1849 red atrophy1849 hobnail liver1882 fascioliasis1884 infectious hepatitis1891 distomatosis1892 distomiasis1892 hepatomegalia1893 infective hepatitis1896 spirit liver1896 hepatoma1905 hepatosplenomegalia1930 Pick's syndrome1932 serum hepatitis1943 Pick's syndrome1955 micronodular cirrhosis1960 macronodular cirrhosis1967 hep1975 1699 J. Drake & A. Baden tr. D. Le Clerc Hist. Physick iii. xvii. 294 Pleurisie, Peripneumonie, Hepatitis [Fr. hepatitis], Nephritis, &c. which names signifie that the Pleura, the Lungs, the Liver, and the Kidneys are diseas'd, but do not intimate the Fever which accompanies their disease. 1740 G. Martine Ess. Med. & Philos. 36 The Hepatitis is for the most part judged in 7 days, so that it may be known whether it shall be deadly or no. 1777 W. Cullen First Lines Pract. Physic I. 315 It seems probable that the acute hepatitis is always an affection of the external membrane of the liver, and that the parenchymatic is of the chronic kind. 1819 B. E. O'Meara Expos. Trans. St. Helena 28 Hepatitis, with its usual train of distressing symptoms, followed. 1879 A. Flint Clinical Med. iii. 370 Diffuse, or parenchymatous hepatitis and yellow atrophy of the liver are considered as one affection. 1955 S. H. Gaiger & G. O. Davies Vet. Pathol. & Bacteriol. (ed. 4) xxxiii. 644 The two main forms of inflammation met with are suppurative hepatitis due to bacterial activity within the liver tissue and chronic interstitial hepatitis due to blood-borne toxins and other agents. 1976 H. L. Bockus et al. Gastroenterology (ed. 3) III. 358/1 Prominent in the differential diagnosis of hepatocellular disease are viral, drug and toxic hepatitides. 2010 Atlantic Monthly Sept. 87 Over their lifetimes, many of the trackers become encrusted with the filth and dead skin of previous bearers, some of whom are infected with prison plagues such as herpes or hepatitis. Compounds With postmodifying letter or letter name, forming the names of specific types of viral hepatitis and the viruses causing these. hepatitis A n. an acute and self-limited form of viral hepatitis often occurring in epidemics, spread by contaminated water and food or by personal contact; (more fully hepatitis A virus) the virus (a small RNA virus related to the picornaviruses) causing this.Hepatitis A was originally known as infectious hepatitis. ΚΠ 1947 Lancet 8 Nov. 692/1 MacCallum suggests that the viruses responsible for the two forms of hepatitis should be called hepatitis viruses A and B.] 1971 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 218 1665/1 This discrepancy may be due to at least the following two factors: (1) variations in the type and intensity of exposure to hepatitis A and B viruses, [etc.]. 1984 M. J. Taussig Processes in Pathol. & Microbiol. (ed. 2) iii. 354 The disease due to hepatitis A is often termed infectious hepatitis (though all three forms are infectious), while hepatitis B and non-A, non-B constitute the agents of serum hepatitis. 1996 Big Issue 19 Aug. 9/2 (table) Hepatitis A is found worldwide, often associated with poor hygiene and contamination of food and water. 2004 Global May 20/2 It's also worth taking shots for cholera, diphtheria, tetanus, hepatitis A and B and typhoid. hepatitis B n. a form of viral hepatitis that is typically spread by contaminated blood products and needles and by sexual or other close personal contact, and which can result in chronic inflammation, cirrhosis, and primary cancer of the liver; (more fully hepatitis B virus) the hepadnavirus that causes this.Hepatitis B was originally known as serum hepatitis. ΚΠ 1947 Lancet 8 Nov. 692/1 MacCallum suggests that the viruses responsible for the two forms of hepatitis should be called hepatitis viruses A and B.] 1971 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 218 1665/3 The hepatitis B immune serum globulin was evaluated at the Willowbrook State School. 1990 Vogue Sept. 410 Despite careful screening, the risk of being infected via a blood transfusion with hepatitis B, malaria, or even HIV cannot be completely discounted. 2009 New Yorker 30 Mar. 52/3 Nine Dragons was accused of labor abuses, including industrial accidents, inadequate safety equipment, and discrimination against carriers of hepatitis B, a common ailment in China. hepatitis C n. a form of viral hepatitis that is typically spread by contaminated blood products and which can result in chronic inflammation, cirrhosis, and primary cancer of the liver; (more fully hepatitis C virus) the virus (an RNA virus related to the flaviviruses) causing this.Hepatitis C was originally known as non-A, non-B hepatitis. ΚΠ 1974 Lancet 3 Aug. 246/1 Our findings imply that a substantial proportion of post-transfusion hepatitis cases is caused neither by HB viruses nor hepatitis A agent, and suggest the existence of an additional virus(es), hepatitis type C.] 1975 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 24 May 409/2 More sensitive serological tests for surface antigen might lead to a reduction in the number of cases of post-transfusion hepatitis but are unlikely to eliminate it completely because of the potential infectivity of blood containing antibody to the Dane particle core and the possible existence of a reputed hepatitis C virus. 1989 New Scientist 6 May 30/1 The Chiron Corporation..has at last published a report of its discovery of the blood-borne hepatitis virus that it has christened hepatitis C. 1995 Independent 25 Apr. 5/2 Hepatitis C is causing a silent epidemic with up to 40 per cent of carriers eventually developing chronic active hepatitis. 2009 Private Eye 6 Mar. 27/1 Health officials already knew they may have contracted hepatitis C, but haemophiliacs themselves did not. hepatitis D n. (more fully hepatitis D virus) a very small, circular RNA virus resembling a plant viroid, which can replicate only in the presence of hepatitis B virus; (also) the acute or chronic liver disease caused by this, typically as an exacerbation or reactivation of hepatitis B; cf. hepatitis delta n. ΚΠ 1983 M. Rizzetto et al. in Progress Clin. & Biol. Res. 143 p. xx (title) Nomenclature: a proposal to designate the delta agent as hepatitis D virus. 1996 Pulse 20 Apr. 104/2 Hepatitis D causes hepatitis only in the presence of hepatitis B. 2001 N. Jones Rough Guide Trav. Health ii. 247 Hepatitis D and E infections are rare. hepatitis delta n. = hepatitis D n. ΚΠ 1977 M. Rizzetto et al. in Gut 18 997/1 The identification of this new antigen and of its antibody as an immunological system independent of other known reaction associated with the HB virus is reported in this communication. Provisionally, we propose that it should be called δ. 1983 Ann. Internal Med. 98 937/1 Treatment with prednisolone or azathioprine did not induce histologic amelioration of delta hepatitis.] 1984 Hepatology 4 1111/1 Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection may..occur concomitant with an acute bout of hepatitis B or during the course of the chronic HBsAg carrier state. 1991 Lancet 3 Aug. 279/1 Hepatotropic viruses can induce autoantibodies, and about 10% of patients with hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infections are anti-LKM-3 positive. 2009 Digestive & Liver Dis. 41 Suppl. 1. S103/1 Chronic hepatitis delta is a long-lasting disease with a substantial risk of developing HCC [= hepatocellular carcinoma]. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1699 |
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