heapn.
/hiːp/, U.S. /hip/ 1. † c. Mass, main body. Obsolete.
a. A collection of things lying one upon another so as to form an elevated mass often roughly conical in form. (A heap of things placed regularly one above another is more distinctively called a pile.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > mass formed by collection of particles > an accumulation > heap or pile
heapc725
cockeOE
hill1297
tassc1330
glub1382
mow?1424
bulkc1440
pile1440
pie1526
bing1528
borwen1570
ruck1601
rick1608
wreck1612
congest1625
castle1636
coacervation1650
congestion1664
cop1666
cumble1694
bin1695
toss1695
thurrock1708
rucklea1725
burrow1784
mound1788
wad1805
stook1865
boorach1868
barrow1869
sorites1871
tump1892
fid1926
clamp-
c725 Corpus Gloss. (O.E.T.) 1912 Strues, heap.
c897 K. Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care xlviii. (Sw.) 367 Galað on Ebreisc, ðæt is on Englisc gewitnesse heap.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 232 Ha gedereð al þe greste on an heap.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 139 Zuo hit is of þe hyeape of huete y-þorsse.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Song of Sol. vii. 2 An hep [a1425 L.V. heep] of whete.
1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) xiii. iii. 442 Hepes of grauell and erthe.
c1450 Mirour Saluacioun 1470 Of..twelue stones fro the bank..Thai made a hepe.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms lxxviii[i]. 1 They haue..made Ierusalem an heape of stones.
1574 J. Dee in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eminent Lit. Men (1843) (Camden) 39 An heap of old papers and parchments.
1611 Bible (King James) Josh. iii. 13 The waters of Jordan..shall stand upon an heape . View more context for this quotation
1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth I. 252 The waters will..be attracted by the moon, and rise in an heap.
1854 E. Ronalds & T. Richardson Knapp's Chem. Technol. (ed. 2) I. 111 Coking in Heaps or Ridges.—The oldest and still very common method of preparing coke is in meiler or heaps.
1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps ii. viii. 266 At first sight, these sand-covered cones appear huge heaps of dirt.
1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 145 Heap (Newc.), the refuse at the pit's mouth.
b. figurative of things immaterial.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > of immaterial things
heapc1175
fardel1526
mapa1586
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 4330 All þiss þrinne taless hæp.
a1300 Cursor Mundi 26021 Scailand a hepe es samen o sin.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 130 He yziȝþ þane greate heap of his zennes.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > [noun] > a great part or proportion > the greater part, the majority
the more partOE
the best part ofOE
(the) more parta1350
(the) most parta1350
(the) most part alla1350
(the) most party1372
for (also be, in) the most part (also deal, party)a1387
the better part ofa1393
the mo?a1400
most forcea1400
substancea1413
corsec1420
generalty?c1430
the greater partc1430
three quartersc1470
generalityc1485
the most feck1488
corpse1533
most1553
nine-tenths?1556
better half1566
generality?1570
pluralityc1570
body1574
the great body (of)1588
flush1592
three fourths1600
best1601
heap1609
gross1625
lump1709
bulk1711
majority1714
nineteen in twenty1730
balance1747
sweighta1800
heft1816
chief1841
the force1842
thick end1847
1609 W. Shakespeare Pericles i. 76 Her countlesse glory..which without desert, because thine eye Presumes to reach, all the whole heape must die. View more context for this quotation
1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 87. ⁋8 If we consider the Heap of an Army, utterly out of all Prospect of Rising and Preferment.
d. fallacy of the heap: see quot. a1774.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > ancient Greek philosophy > post-Socratic philosophy > [noun] > philosophy of the sophists > fallacy of the heap
fallacy of the heapa1774
soritesa1774
the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical syllogism > logical argument > [noun] > logical fallacy > other types of fallacy
ignoratio elenchi1559
fallacy of (the) accident1568
fallacy of division?1582
amphiboly1588
amphibology1589
equivocation1605
dominative argument1656
fallacy of the heapa1774
illicit process1827
obscurum per obscurius1842
genetic fallacy1904
type-fallacy1935
a1774 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued (1777) III. i. 372 Their sophism of the Sorites, or argument of the Heap; because, say they, if you drop a number of things upon one another you can never tell precisely when they begin to make a heap.
1893 Oxf. Mag. 1 Nov. 39/1 Mr. A.'s contention..seems to us based on a petitio principii, or on the fallacy of the heap.
e. Usually preceded by a defining word: a slovenly woman. colloquial (originally dialect).
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > dirty person > [noun] > woman or girl
slut1402
dawa1500
drab?1518
dawkin1565
suss?1565
mab1568
drassock1573
daggle-tail1577
drossel1581
driggle-draggle1588
draggle-tail1596
soss1611
slatternc1640
slutterya1652
feague1664
traipse1676
drazel1678
mopsy1699
dab1736
slammerkin1737
rubbacrock1746
trollop1753
dratchell1755
heap1806
dolly-mop1834
sozzle1848
tat1936
scrubber1959
1806 A. Douglas Poems 125 She jaw'd them, misca'd them For clashin' claikin' haips.
1810 J. Cock Simple Strains 91 Foul fa' the sly bewitchin' heap Cou'd turn hersel' in ony shape.
1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. xii. [Cyclops] 293 The fat heap he married is a nice old phenomenon with a back on her like a ballalley.
1957 J. Frame Owls do Cry 106 I may be forced to [sell-out], if that lazy heap doesn't help me.
f. A battered old motor vehicle. colloquial (originally U.S.).
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > motor car > [noun] > old, worn-out
crock1903
struggle-buggy1925
heap1926
crate1928
jalopy1929
clunker1930
junker1932
iron1935
fixer-upper1948
bomb1953
banger1962
hooptie1968
skedonk1970
gambo1971
1926 Clues Nov. 161/1 Heap, automobile.
1928 R. J. Tasker Grimhaven iii. 28 Once in a while some fellow who really did own a good car would come up to be topped, but, as a rule, I've noticed that kind never have much to say about their heaps.
1935 R. Chandler Killer in Rain (1964) 7 I got out of the Chrysler... I went back to my heap.
1957 J. Kerouac On the Road i. xii. 79 He gunned the heap to eighty.
1959 J. Braine Vodi xiv. 190 Bought two old heaps today. Just junk really, a '28 Chrysler and a '27 Essex.
1967 A. Hunter Gently Continental xi. 166 Stody too has driven away in his modest heap.
1969 C. F. Burke God is Beautiful, Man (1970) 56 You will be like a guy who paid no attention to his heap and it broke down in the traffic.
2.
a. A heaped measure of capacity.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > measurement > the scientific measurement of volume > measure(s) of capacity > [noun] > dry measure > heaped measure
heaped measure1530
heapa1690
the world > relative properties > measurement > the scientific measurement of volume > measure(s) of capacity > [noun] > dry measure > specific dry measure units > heap as unit
heapa1690
a1690 S. Jeake Λογιστικηλογία (1696) 70 Usage in some places hath continued Measure by heap, although some Statutes order it by Strike.
1855 F. K. Robinson Gloss. Yorks. Words 81 Heeap or Heap, a quarter of a peck measure.
b. A pile or mass of definite size, varying with the commodity.
ΚΠ
1809 R. Kerr Agric. Surv. Berwick xvi. 448 In Berwickshire..four fills [of a firlot with potatoes], heaped by hand as high as they can go, called heaps, are counted as one boll.
1823 G. Crabb Universal Technol. Dict. Heap (Print.), any number of reams or quires as is set out by the warehouse keeper for the pressmen to wet is called a heap..‘The heap holds out,’ i.e. it has the full intended number of sheets.
1862 Miall Title-deeds Church Eng. 39 (note) Barley and oats were titheable by the heap or cock.
3. A great company (esp. of persons); a multitude, a host. An early sense in the Teutonic languages; now only as in 4.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > of people or animals > regarded as a whole or a body of people gathered > large or numerous
weredc725
herec855
heap971
trumec1380
multitudea1382
herda1400
swarm1423
confluence1447
puissance?a1475
army?1518
multitudine1547
bike1554
conflux1702
snarl1775
rallya1794
populace1823
hive1834
skreeda1838
skit1913
rort1941
971 Blickl. Hom. 81 Se halga heap hehfædera and witgena.
OE Beowulf 400 Þryðlic þegna heap.
a1175 Cott. Hom. 219 He ȝescop tyen engle werod oðer hapes..Her beoð niȝen anglen hapes.
c1275 Laȝamon Brut 10300 Þo wes Seuarus heap mochel ibolded.
c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 63/331 An hep of foules grete i-novȝ.
1340 Ayenb. 267 Ich yzeȝ to þe blyssede heape of confessours.
1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. x. 309 An heep [C. hepe] of houndes at his ers, as he a lorde were.
1477 Earl Rivers tr. Dictes or Sayengis Philosophhres (Caxton) (1877) lf. 53 A grete heep of sheep.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Ezek. xxxviii. 22 Fyre and brymstone, wil I cause to rayne vpon him and all his heape.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. iv. sig. D2 The heapes of people thronging in the hall, Doe ride each other, vpon her to gaze.
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III ii. i. 54 Amongst this princely heape, if any here..Hold me a foe. View more context for this quotation
4.
a. Hence, in later colloquial use: A large number or quantity; a (great) deal, ‘a lot’.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > [noun] > (a) great quantity or amount
felec825
muchc1230
good wone1297
plentyc1300
bushelc1374
sight1390
mickle-whata1393
forcea1400
manynessa1400
multitudea1400
packc1400
a good dealc1430
greata1450
sackful1484
power1489
horseloadc1500
mile1508
lump1523
a deal?1532
peckc1535
heapa1547
mass1566
mass1569
gallon1575
armful1579
cart-load1587
mickle1599
bushelful1600–12
a load1609
wreck1612
parisha1616
herd1618
fair share1650
heapa1661
muchness1674
reams1681
hantle1693
mort1694
doll?1719
lift1755
acre1759
beaucoup1760
ton1770
boxload1795
boatload1807
lot1811
dollop1819
swag1819
faggald1824
screed1826
Niagara1828
wad1828
lashings1829
butt1831
slew1839
ocean1840
any amount (of)1848
rake1851
slather1857
horde1860
torrent1864
sheaf1865
oodlesa1867
dead load1869
scad1869
stack1870
jorum1872
a heap sight1874
firlot1883
oodlings1886
chunka1889
whips1888
God's quantity1895
streetful1901
bag1917
fid1920
fleetful1923
mob1927
bucketload1930
pisspot1944
shitload1954
megaton1957
mob-o-ton1975
gazillion1978
buttload1988
shit ton1991
a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Shrop. 1 No County in England hath such a heap of Castles together.
a1682 Sir T. Browne Certain Misc. Tracts (1684) 116 This heap of artificial terms first entring with the French Artists.
1697 W. Dampier New Voy. around World xiv. 389 The principal of a heap of Islands.
1740 S. Richardson Pamela I. xxxi. 155 What a Heap of Names does the poor Fellow call himself.
1818 J. Keats Lett. in Wks. (1889) III. 166 A man on the coach said the horses took a ‘hellish heap o' drivin'’.
1867 A. Trollope Last Chron. Barset II. xlv. 12 She lives in a big house, and has a heap of servants.
1886 W. Besant Children of Gibeon III. ii. xxxii. 268 He got into trouble a heap of times.
b. plural in same sense. Cf. the like use of ‘lots’.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > [noun] > (a) great quantity or amount
felec825
muchc1230
good wone1297
plentyc1300
bushelc1374
sight1390
mickle-whata1393
forcea1400
manynessa1400
multitudea1400
packc1400
a good dealc1430
greata1450
sackful1484
power1489
horseloadc1500
mile1508
lump1523
a deal?1532
peckc1535
heapa1547
mass1566
mass1569
gallon1575
armful1579
cart-load1587
mickle1599
bushelful1600–12
a load1609
wreck1612
parisha1616
herd1618
fair share1650
heapa1661
muchness1674
reams1681
hantle1693
mort1694
doll?1719
lift1755
acre1759
beaucoup1760
ton1770
boxload1795
boatload1807
lot1811
dollop1819
swag1819
faggald1824
screed1826
Niagara1828
wad1828
lashings1829
butt1831
slew1839
ocean1840
any amount (of)1848
rake1851
slather1857
horde1860
torrent1864
sheaf1865
oodlesa1867
dead load1869
scad1869
stack1870
jorum1872
a heap sight1874
firlot1883
oodlings1886
chunka1889
whips1888
God's quantity1895
streetful1901
bag1917
fid1920
fleetful1923
mob1927
bucketload1930
pisspot1944
shitload1954
megaton1957
mob-o-ton1975
gazillion1978
buttload1988
shit ton1991
the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > [adverb]
stronglyeOE
felec950
strongeOE
highlyOE
highOE
greatlya1200
stourlya1225
greata1325
dreec1330
deeplya1400
mightya1400
dreichlyc1400
mighty?a1425
sorec1440
mainlyc1450
greatumly1456
madc1487
profoundly1489
stronglya1492
muchwhata1513
shrewlya1529
heapa1547
vengeance?1548
sorely1562
smartlyc1580
mightly1582
mightily1587
violently1601
intensively1604
almightily1612
violent1629
seriously1643
intensely1646
importunately1660
shrewdly1664
gey1686
sadly1738
plenty1775
vitally1787
substantively1795
badly1813
far1814
heavily1819
serious1825
measurably1834
dearly1843
bally1939
majorly1955
sizzlingly1956
majorly1978
fecking1983
the world > relative properties > number > plurality > great number, numerousness > [noun] > a large number or multitude
sandc825
thousandc1000
un-i-rimeOE
legiona1325
fernc1325
multitudec1350
hundred1362
abundancec1384
quantityc1390
sight1390
felec1394
manyheada1400
lastc1405
sortc1475
infinityc1480
multiplie1488
numbers1488
power1489
many1525
flock1535
heapa1547
multitudine1547
sort1548
myriads1555
myriads1559
infinite1563
tot-quot1565
dickera1586
multiplea1595
troop1596
multitudes1598
myriad1611
sea-sands1656
plurality1657
a vast many1695
dozen1734
a good few1756
nation1762
vast1793
a wheen (of)1814
swad1828
lot1833
tribe1833
slew1839
such a many1841
right smart1842
a million and one1856
horde1860
a good several1865
sheaf1865
a (bad, good, etc.) sortc1869
immense1872
dunnamuch1875
telephone number1880
umpty1905
dunnamany1906
skit1913
umpteen1919
zillion1922
gang1928
scrillion1935
jillion1942
900 number1977
gazillion1978
fuckload1984
a1547 Earl of Surrey Poems (1964) 11 What pleasant life, what heapes of joy these litle birdes receave.
1622 A. Sparrow Rationale Bk. Common Prayer (1661) 170 For the antiquity of this Feast, heaps of Testimonies might be brought.
1856 G. J. Whyte-Melville Kate Coventry i We're in heaps of time.
1872 W. Black Strange Adventures Phaeton iii. 25 He has..knocked heaps of things to smithereens.
c. absol. and as adv. A great deal, much; a ‘lot’. (singular and plural.) colloquial.
ΚΠ
a1834 J. Dow Serm. To go to church in New York in any kind of tolerable style costs a heap a-year.
a1848 G. F. Ruxton Life in Far West (1849) i. 34 Kilbuck pronounced himself ‘a “heap’ better’.
1852 H. B. Stowe Uncle Tom's Cabin I. x. 142 It's natur I should think a heap of him.
1871 W. Alexander Johnny Gibb viii. 55 I wudna care a great heap; gin we can gree aboot the waages.
1887 M. E. Martin Amor Vincit I. 5 You will find some one somewhere you think heaps better than me.
d. In the representation of the speech of North American Indians used adverbially and as quasi-adj.: very, very much, a great deal.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > [adverb] > very
tooc888
swith971
wellOE
wellOE
fullOE
rightc1175
muchc1225
wellac1275
gainlya1375
endlyc1440
hard?1440
very1448
odda1500
great1535
jolly1549
fellc1600
veryvery1649
gooda1655
vastly1664
strange1667
bloody1676
ever so1686
heartily1727
real1771
precious1775
quarely1805
murry1818
très1819
freely1820
powerfula1822
gurt1824
almighty1830
heap1832
all-fired1833
gradely1850
real1856
bonny1857
heavens1858
veddy1859
canny1867
some1867
oh-so1881
storming1883
spanking1886
socking1896
hefty1898
velly1898
fair dinkum1904
plurry1907
Pygmalion1914
dinkum1915
beaucoup1918
dirty1920
molto1923
snorting1924
honking1929
hellishing1931
thumpingly1948
way1965
mega1966
mondo1968
seriously1970
totally1972
mucho1978
stonking1990
1832 W. Irving Jrnl. (1919) III. 180 ‘Look at these Delawares,’ say the Osages, ‘dey got short legs—no can run—must stand and fight a great heap.’
1848 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 63 719 An Indian is always a ‘heap’ hungry or thirsty—loves a ‘heap’—is a ‘heap’ brave—in fact, ‘heap’ is tantamount to very much.
1850 ‘M. Tensas’ Odd Leaves from Louisiana Swamp Doctor 42 Whoop! whiskey lour! Injun big man, drunk heap.
1867 Harper's Mag. July 137/1 Disturb the game and you make the Indian ‘heap big mad’.
1872 ‘M. Twain’ Roughing It xxxix. 276 ‘Heap’ is ‘Injun-English’ for ‘very much’.
1902 ‘M. Twain’ in Harper's Mag. Jan. 270/2 Billy explained..‘she heap much hungry’.
1958 B. Cerf Shake well before Using 17 President Coolidge posed later in the regalia of a heap-big chief.
1968 Mrs. L. B. Johnson Diary 21 June in White House Diary (1970) 688 His favorites among the presents were..the gift wrappings, or maybe the rubber canoe that said ‘Heap Big Indian Lyn’.
e. a heap sight (U.S. dialect and colloquial): see 4c and sight n.1 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > [noun] > (a) great quantity or amount
felec825
muchc1230
good wone1297
plentyc1300
bushelc1374
sight1390
mickle-whata1393
forcea1400
manynessa1400
multitudea1400
packc1400
a good dealc1430
greata1450
sackful1484
power1489
horseloadc1500
mile1508
lump1523
a deal?1532
peckc1535
heapa1547
mass1566
mass1569
gallon1575
armful1579
cart-load1587
mickle1599
bushelful1600–12
a load1609
wreck1612
parisha1616
herd1618
fair share1650
heapa1661
muchness1674
reams1681
hantle1693
mort1694
doll?1719
lift1755
acre1759
beaucoup1760
ton1770
boxload1795
boatload1807
lot1811
dollop1819
swag1819
faggald1824
screed1826
Niagara1828
wad1828
lashings1829
butt1831
slew1839
ocean1840
any amount (of)1848
rake1851
slather1857
horde1860
torrent1864
sheaf1865
oodlesa1867
dead load1869
scad1869
stack1870
jorum1872
a heap sight1874
firlot1883
oodlings1886
chunka1889
whips1888
God's quantity1895
streetful1901
bag1917
fid1920
fleetful1923
mob1927
bucketload1930
pisspot1944
shitload1954
megaton1957
mob-o-ton1975
gazillion1978
buttload1988
shit ton1991
1874 E. Eggleston Circuit Rider i. 14 He ‘'low'd they was a heap sight more corn’.
1888 G. W. Cable Bonaventure 49 He's..a heap sight happier than us.
1906 Smart Set June 107/1 I care a heap sight too much for Ummy to let him go through what I know's comin'.
1911 R. D. Saunders Col. Todhunter x. 152 You're a heap-sight smarter man than I gave you credit for bein'.
5. Phrases.† a. by, in heaps: in crowds, in large quantities, in great numbers.† d. to heap: together, into one mass.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > plurality > great number, numerousness > [adverb]
manifoldlyeOE
thick971
a-storec1300
rifec1325
thickfolda1400
thicklyc1400
by, in heaps1523
amain1549
numerously1611
frequently1615
sight1836
multitudinously1839
like flies1934
1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. clxxxiii. (R.) They..slewe and hanged them vpon trees by heapes.
1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 259 They..walked in the streetes in heapes.
1641 J. Milton Of Reformation 57 The Inhabitants..are inforc'd by heaps to forsake their native Country.
1700 J. Dryden tr. Ovid Ceyx & Alcyone in Fables 368 The Sailors run in heaps, a helpless Crowd.
1799 S. Turner Hist. Anglo-Saxons I. ii. i. 167 [Hengist] is affirmed..to have butchered in heaps the people who fled to the mountains and deserts.
b. in (of) a heap: (of a body falling or lying) in a mass, in a state of collapse, having the appearance of a shapeless inert mass.
ΚΠ
1844 E. B. Barrett Drama of Exile in Poems I. 23 What is this, Eve? thou droppest heavily In a heap earthward.
c. †on heap (4–5 an hepe): in a heap or mass, together; = aheap adv. †on a heap, on heaps: in a prostrate mass, prostrate.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > in/into one place, company, or mass [phrase]
in oneOE
on heapa1000
at oncea1300
to heapa1300
in (or a) gatheringc1540
into one1577
by great1579–80
the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > vertical extent > lack of height > low or level with the ground [phrase]
on a heap1590
on heaps1611
a1000 Wonders of Creation in Codex Exon. (Thorpe) 350 Gewiteð þon..forð mære tungol, faran on heape.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 14121 Þa heo weoren þer on hepe [c1300 Otho to heape] an hunddred þusende heðene and cristene.
c1325 Gloss. W. de Biblesw. in T. Wright Voc. 158 En monceus, on hepe.
a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sloane) (1862) 15 Gar hit on hepe to renne.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. iv. sig. Ffv He tombled on an heape, and wallowd in his gore.
1611 Bible (King James) Psalms lxxix. 1 They haue layd Ierusalem on heapes . View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Timon of Athens (1623) iv. iii. 102 When I haue laid proud Athens on a heape . View more context for this quotation
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > in/into one place, company, or mass [phrase]
in oneOE
on heapa1000
at oncea1300
to heapa1300
in (or a) gatheringc1540
into one1577
by great1579–80
a1300 Sarmun xxxiv, in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 5 Sei, sinful man, whi neltou leue þat al þing sal come to hepe.
c1374 G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Cambr.) iv. pr. vi. 105 Puruyance embraceth alle thinges to hepe.
1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. xi. 189 And ȝut were best to bee aboute and brynge hit to hepe, That alle londes loueden, and in on lawe by-leouede.
14.. in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 590/26 Invicem, to geder, to hepe.
c1400 ( G. Chaucer Treat. Astrolabe (Cambr. Dd.3.53) (1872) i. §14. 8 A litel wegge..þat streynet[h] alle thise parties to hepe.
1480 W. Caxton Descr. Brit. 12 Gadrith to hepe grete hepes of grauel.
1572 (a1500) Taill of Rauf Coilȝear (1882) 83 Bot, micht we bring this harberie this nicht weill to heip.
e. all of (†on) a heap: all in a mass falling or fallen; so †all on (upon) heaps; to strike all of (†on) a heap (colloquial): to paralyze, prostrate mentally, cause to collapse; also, to knock all of a heap.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > falling > [phrase] > falling or fallen in a mass
all on (upon) heaps1594
the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > perplexity, bewilderment > act of perplexing > perplex, nonplus [phrase]
to bring (drive, or put) to one's wit's end1377
to cast (also throw) a mist before a person's eyes?a1475
to set (also run) on ground1600
to make butter and cheese of1642
to put to the gaze1646
philogrobolized in one's brains1653
to strike all of (on) a heap1711
to blow, cast, throw stour in one's eyes1823
knot1860
to give (one) furiously to think1910
1594 W. Shakespeare Titus Andronicus ii. iii. 223 Lord Bassianus lies bereaud in blood, All on a heape. View more context for this quotation
1653 H. More Antidote against Atheisme i. xi. 38 That lyes like a Net all on heaps in the water.
1711 Brit. Apollo 26–29 Jan. A Young Woman..struck me all on a heap.
1740 S. Richardson Pamela I. xxxi. 205 This alarm'd us both; and he seem'd quite struck of a Heap.
1760 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy I. xxi. 151 The story..is long and interesting;—but it would be running my history all upon heaps to give it you here.
1817 W. Scott Rob Roy II. xi. 236 The interrogatory seemed to strike the honest magistrate, to use the vulgar phrase, ‘all of a heap’.
1875 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) III. 120 Some one who..will not be struck all of a heap like a child by the vain pomp of tyranny.
1887 H. R. Haggard Jess i. 3 It..struck her horse upon the spine..so that it fell all of a heap on to the veldt.
1898 W. J. Locke Idols xiii It knocked the prosecution all of a heap.
1928 Manch. Guardian Weekly 7 Sept. 183/3 Its owner's anxiety to knock the critics all of a heap.
Compounds
heap-cloud n. = cumulus n. 2.
ΚΠ
1889 Nature XXXIX. 26 The common cumulus or heap-cloud, which is the commonest cloud of the day-time in fine weather.
heap-flood n. a heavy sea.
ΚΠ
1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis i. 4 One ship..was swasht wyth a roysterus heapeflud.
heap-measure n. = heaped measure.
ΚΠ
1561 Burgh Rec. Aberdeen (Spalding Club) I. 335 To be mesourit with ane straik mett corresponden to the hep messour.
heap-keeper n. (see quot.).
ΚΠ
1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Heap-keeper, a miner who overlooks the cleaning of coal on the surface.
heap-stead (see quot.).
ΚΠ
1883 W. S. Gresley Gloss. Terms Coal Mining Heap-stead, the entire surface works about a colliery shaft.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
heapv.
/hiːp/, U.S. /hip/ 1.
a. transitive. To make, form, gather, or cast into a heap; to pile up, amass, accumulate; to pile one thing upon another so as to form a heap. Often with up, together, on.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > abundance > make abundant [verb (transitive)] > accumulate or get a large amount of
heapc1000
amass1481
accumulatec1487
exaggerate1533
pilec1540
gathera1593
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > gather together [verb (transitive)] > gather in one mass or form lumps > accumulate
heapc1000
tassea1400
aggregate?a1425
grossc1440
amass1481
accumulatec1487
accumule1490
exaggerate1533
cumulate1534
compile1578
pook1587
mass1604
hilla1618
congeriate1628
agglomerate1751
pile1827
to roll up1848
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > gather together [verb (transitive)] > gather in one mass or form lumps > accumulate > heap or pile up
heapc1000
ruck?c1225
ruckle?c1225
givelc1300
upheap1469
binga1522
pilec1540
copa1552
bank1577
hill1581
plet1584
conglomerate1596
acervate1623
coacervate1623
tilea1643
aggest1655
coacerve1660
pyramida1666
aggerate1693
big1716
bepilea1726
clamp1742
bulk1822
pang1898
c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Luke (Corpus Cambr.) vi. 38 God gemet..geheapod and ofer-flowende.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 233 Ha..heapeð..togedere þet wes ear ileaued.
c1480 (a1400) St. John Evangelist 207 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 115 He þat mony heppis ay, Is seruand þare-to nycht and day.
1483 Cath. Angl. 183/1 To Heppe, accumulare.
a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 4 Lyke un to ryches hepyd in cornerys.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. vii. sig. Ii7 The Titans which did make Warre against heuen, and heaped hils on hight, To scale the skyes.
1611 Bible (King James) Job xxvii. 16 Though he heape vp siluer as the dust. View more context for this quotation
1611 Bible (King James) Ezek. xxiv. 10 Heape on wood, kindle the fire. View more context for this quotation
1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. xxvii. 198 The snow had been heaped in oblique ridges across my path.
b. intransitive for passive. (Chiefly U.S.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > gather together [verb (intransitive)] > collect in one mass or body > accumulate > heap
bank1808
heap1873
1873 J. R. Lowell Among my Bks. 2nd Ser. 273 A stripe of phosphorescence heaping before you in a star-sown snow.
1890 Harper's Mag. Nov. 865/1 Fallen avalanches heap whitely at intervals below.
2. † b. reflexive and intransitive for reflexive (or passive). Obsolete.
a. transferred and figurative. To amass, accumulate; to add many things together or one thing to another. Often with up, together. Also absol.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > gather together [verb (transitive)]
somnec825
heapc900
gathera975
samc1000
to set togetherc1275
fang1340
assemblec1374
recueilc1380
drawa1393
to draw togethera1398
semblea1400
congatherc1400
congregatec1400
to take together1490
recollect1513
to gather togetherc1515
to get together1523
congesta1552
confer1552
collect1573
ingatherc1575
ramass1586
upgather1590
to muster upa1593
accrue1594
musterc1595
compone1613
herd1615
contract1620
recoil1632
comporta1641
rally1643
rendezvous1670
purse1809
adduct1824
to round up1873
reeve1876
to pull together1925
c900 [implied in: tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (1890) v. xiv. [xiii.] 440 In heapunge eowerre niðerunge. (at heaping n.)].
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 4331 All þiss þrinne taless hæp Iss hæpedd aȝȝ wiþþ ehhte.
c1320 tr. J. Bonaventura Medit. 865 Þey wounded here, and heped harm vp on harmes.
1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Hab. ii. 5 He shal hepe togidere to hym alle peplis.
?1529 S. Fish Supplicacyon for Beggers sig. A7 [They] haue heped to him benefice vpon benefice.
1582 Bible (Rheims) 2 Tim. iv. 3 According to their owne desires they will heape to themselues maisters, hauing itching eares.
a1605 A. Montgomerie Sonnets (1887) xxxiv. 5 More hevynes within my hairt I heep.
1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 260. ⁋1 The Circumstances which are heaped up in my Memory.
1845 M. Pattison in Christian Remembrancer Jan. 67 Generations of antiquarians have heaped together vast piles of facts.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > gather together [verb (intransitive)] > collect in one mass or body > accumulate
gather1390
heap?1507
aggregate1591
pile1616
to brook up1691
accumulate1757
cata1909
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > gather together [verb (reflexive)] > collect into one mass or body > accumulate or heap
heap?1507
bank1808
?1507 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen (Rouen) in Poems (1998) I. 49 And ȝit hatrent I hid within my hert all, Bot quhilis it hepit so huge [etc.].
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Ezek. xxxix. 17 Heape you together and come.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 3548 Thes harmes so heterly hepit in his mynde.
1581 G. Pettie tr. S. Guazzo Ciuile Conuersat. (1586) ii. 53 b The preasse of people which heapeth together at the judgement place.
3. † b. intransitive for reflexive and passive. Obsolete.
a. transitive. To furnish with a heap or heaps; to fill, load, cumber, with a heap or heaps. Also with up.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > gather together [verb (transitive)] > gather in one mass or form lumps > accumulate > heap or pile up > heap with things heaped up
heap1526
1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection ii. sig. Ovi Your measure..heaped and fylled vnto it flowe ouer.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 583/1 Heape this busshell as hye as you can.
1542–3 Act 34 & 35 Hen. VIII c. 9 §1 The mouth & hole channell of the saide hauen is so heaped and quarred with stones.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost v. 391 With these various fruits the Trees of God Have heap'd this Table. View more context for this quotation
1790 A. Wilson Poems 121 Frowning dread Stalk'd o'er the world, and heapt his way with dead.
1824 T. B. Macaulay Ivry v The field is heaped with bleeding steeds, and flags, and cloven mail.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > be furnished with a collection [verb (intransitive)] > be furnished with heaps
heap1495
1495 Trevisa's Bartholomeus De Proprietatibus Rerum (de Worde) xiv. ii. sig. Dviii/1 And [the earth] hyght Tellus. for we take fruyte therof. & hight ops. for he hepyth wyth fruyte.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 3688 The heuyn in hast hepit with cloudis.
4. transitive. To deal or bestow in heaps or large quantities. Const. upon.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > giving > liberal giving > give liberally [verb (transitive)]
enlargissec1430
transfude?a1475
enlargea1492
heap1574
showerc1595
profuse1611
enumerate1717
prodigalize1836
1574 J. Baret Aluearie H 293 To heap euill vppon him. Conglomerare mala in aliquem.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. vii. sig. Ii5 Yet he perforce him held, and strokes vpon him hept.
1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII iii. ii. 176 Your great Graces Heap'd vpon me (poore Vndeseruer). View more context for this quotation
1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 276 To heap ingratitude on worthiest deeds. View more context for this quotation
1861 J. Bright in Parl. Deb. 3rd Ser. 162 71 To heap insult on his memory.
5. To load, charge, or overwhelm (a person) with (something in large quantities).
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > excessive amount or degree > do (something) to excess [verb (transitive)] > apply in excess
overladea1387
overseta1398
overfreightc1475
overburden1532
overload1553
cumulate1570
load1577
heap1582
overcharge1616
overdose1727
overstress1889
1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis i. 4 Hee..sees thee Troians wyth seas and rayne water heaped.
1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis ii. 35 Pat fals thee turret, thee Greeks with crash swash yt heapeth.
1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 91. ⁋14 Some were..heaped by Patronage with the gifts of Fortune.
1874 C. Kingsley Lett. (1878) II. 427 We are received with open arms, and heaped with hospitality.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.c725v.c900