| 释义 |
henbanen. Etymology: In α. forms < hen n.1 + bane n.1 In β. forms < the genitive of hen n.1 + bane n.1 Compare hendwale n. and earlier henbell n. Compare also Anglo-Norman hannebanne, hennebane (13th cent.; also in forms hennebonne, hennebone) and Middle French, French hanebane (14th cent.).The identity of the first element has been disputed, association with hen n.1 being attributed to folk etymology. However, there is considerable evidence to support the theory that the plant was named from its toxicity to domestic fowl (compare quot. a1475 at Compounds). Compare Old English hennewōl henbane, literally ‘hen's disease’ < hen n.1 + wōl disease, pestilence, cognate with Old Saxon wōl pestilence, ruin, Old High German wuol ruin, destruction (Middle High German wuol ), Old Swedish ol (in fotol foot disease; Swedish regional ol disease of swine) < an ablaut variant (lengthened ō -grade) of the Germanic base of wal n. Names for the plant in other European languages appear to show similar motivation: compare Danish hønsebane, literally ‘poultry killer’, Middle French mort aux oyes, literally ‘death to ɡeese’, mort aux oysons, literally ‘death to ɡoslings’ (both mid 16th cent. or earlier), French regional (Normandy) mort aux poules, literally ‘death to chickens’, (Flanders) poison aux poules (1606 or earlier), German †Hühnergift, literally ‘hens' poison’, †Hühnertod, literally ‘hens' death’ (both mid 18th cent. or earlier). the world > plants > particular plants > plants perceived as weeds or harmful plants > poisonous or harmful plants > [noun] > henbane a1300 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker (1884) I. 559/9 Iusquiamus,..hennebone. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. lxxxvii. 977 Aristotilis..seiþ þat þe seed of hennebane is poysoun [emended in ed. to þe seed of hebanus, hennebane seed, is poysoun]. c1475 ( Surg. Treat. in f. 122v (MED) Þou schalt take þe rote of bismalue of hennebane of lilie & seþe hem. 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens iii. xxiii. 448 Of Henbane are three kindes..that is, the blacke, the yellowe, and the white. 1620 J. Taylor 19 No cockle, darnell, henbane, tare, or nettle Neere where it is can prosper, spring, or settle. 1707 tr. P. Le Lorrain de Vallemont 256 If we make use of the Juice of Poppy, of Morel,..or of Hen-bane, we shall have Fruits of a Narcotick and Soporative Virtue. 1796 S. T. Coleridge 33 In the outskirts, where pollutions grow, Pick the rank henbane. 1872 D. Oliver (new ed.) ii. 213 Henbane..a viscid weed of waste places about villages, with dingy, purple-veined, yellow flowers. 1996 129 White Henbane. A curious yet interesting plant from the Mediterranean; vigorous, covered with sticky hairs and bearing quite freely..pale yellow, lop-sided, funnel-shaped flowers. 2018 (Nexis) 15 Apr. A special ops squad known as The Cleaners arrived to finish the job with a plant-based poison made from belladonna, aconite and black henbane. the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > an intoxicating drug > [noun] > a) narcotic drug(s) > miscellaneous narcotic drugs from plants ?a1425 MS Hunterian 95 f. 142, in at Scrupul Þou schalt put a scripil of opium and ij scripilles of henbane and a scripile of smalleache sede & iij scripilles of vineger. a1475 tr. Gilbertus Anglicus (Wellcome) (1991) 165 If þe ache ceesiþ not by alle þes medicines, þen worche with stupefactiues, as with henbane and opium. 1528 T. Paynell tr. Arnaldus de Villa Nova in Joannes de Mediolano sig. av The vertue of the henbane taketh away the felynge of the payne. 1630 E. Poeton 20 If any one be poysoned with Henbane, Hemlocks, Opium, or any the like cold poyson. This [Balme] being drunke with pure wine hot,..it expels the poyson and restores health. 1775 T. Withers vi. 268 Under this class are comprehended, not only sedatives of a mild nature, but many active, narcotic medicines, such as opium, hemlock, henbane, nightshade, &c. 1859 J. W. Carlyle Let. 24 Aug. in (2007) XXXV. 180 Perhaps the henbane I took in despair last night has something to do with my mood today. 1968 114 968/1 Toxic substances, such as mandragora root, henbane, deadly nightshade, thorn apple, cantharides, etc..can have a pharmacological effect and increase or decrease sexual desire and potency. Compoundsa1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. xii. xxxiii. 639 Þe female..etiþ venymouse þingis wt hote greuynge [read withoute greuynge] [as] hennebane seed. ?c1450 in (1896) 18 321 (MED) Þe bok tellyth þat hennebane-rote Of þe broc is mythi bote. a1475 (Sloane) (1862) 5 (MED) Henne-ban sede duckys wylle kylle. 1687 J. Dryden iii. 133 Henbane-Juice to swell 'em till they burst. 1722 29 Take Powder of Henbane Root, six Drams. 1866 J. T. B. Syme (ed. 3) VI. 108 It remained, however, for philosophers to trace the connection between the baneful effects of the Henbane exhalations and the irritable, quarrelsome condition of those who breathed them. 1947 1 310/1 Henbane flowers are nearly sessile, with an unequally five-toothed, urn-shaped, hairy calyx. 2015 telegraph.co.uk (Nexis) 20 Aug. Some of the brews of antiquity were far less innocuous and drunkenness would be the least of their worries for the imbiber. Henbane beer, which may date back to Neolithic times, is perhaps the best example. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2019; most recently modified version published online June 2022). <  n.a1300 |
