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单词 hemeralopia
释义

hemeralopian.

/ˌhɛmərəˈləʊpɪə/
Etymology: modern Latin, < Greek type *ἡμεραλωπία , < ἡμεράλωψ , < ἡμέρα day + ἀλαός blind + ὤψ eye: compare nyctalopia n. (In modern French héméralopie.) The Greek ἡμεράλωψ appears in Galen as the opposite of νυκτάλωψ, i.e. ὁ τῆς νυκτὸς ἀλαός that is blind by night.
Pathology.
‘Day-blindness’; a visual defect in which the eyes see indistinctly, or not at all, by daylight, but tolerably well by night or artificial light. (But used by many in the sense of ‘night-blindness’, nyctalopia n.)‘Day-blindness’ is the etymological meaning of the word, and the sense in which ἡμεράλωψ, as the opposite of νυκτάλωψ, was used by Galen. But, as nyctalopia n. was, from an early date, taken by some in the opposite sense, these also reversed the etymological sense of hemeralopia, and used it as = ‘night-blindness’, ‘day-sight’, as if the word were hemeropia. ‘With the exception of Copland and Henry Power, all or most modern authors..have used the term in the sense of night-blindness. The Royal College of Physicians of London have reverted to the true meaning of the word in their “Nomenclature of Diseases”’ ( New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon). But the Medical Dictionary of F. P. Foster, New York, 1891, continues the non-etymological sense of ‘day-vision, night-blindness’. The word was rightly used by Paré in 16th cent.: Œuvres xv. 3 (Littré) Le contraire est quand on voit mieux de nuit que de jour, et se peut dire hemeralopia en grec, œil de chat en francois.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of eye > disordered vision > [noun] > blindness > night-sight or day-blindness
nyctalopia1684
hemeralopia1706
night-sight1822
1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Hemeralopia, a Faculty when one sees clearer in the Night than in the Day.
1814 R. W. Bampfield in Medico-chirurg. Trans. V. 32 (title) A Practical Essay on Hemeralopia, or Night Blindness, commonly called Nyctalopia.
1822 J. M. Good Study Med. III. 200 Hemeralopia, the opposite to nyctalopia, has been used, with the same confusion and contradiction of signification.
1858 J. Copland Dict. Pract. Med. II. 896/2 One terming night-blindness, nyctalopia, and another hemeralopia, while day-blindness has been equally designated by both terms.
1878 tr. H. W. von Ziemssen et al. Cycl. Pract. Med. XVII. 205 Hemeralopia and scurvy have been very frequently found existing in the same person.

Derivatives

hemeraˈlopic adj. affected with or subject to hemeralopia.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of eye > disordered vision > [adjective] > blind > night-sighted or day-blind
hemeralopic1878
1878 tr. H. Immermann in tr. H. W. von Ziemssen et al. Cycl. Pract. Med. XVII. 205 Usually the scurvy is developed first, the patients subsequently becoming hemeralopic.
1880 Libr. Universal Knowl. X. 757 [He] was the first of the family known to be hemeralopic; his children..were all affected with night-blindness.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.1706
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