单词 | heathen |
释义 | heathenn.2 = heath-stone n. at heath n. Compounds 2a. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online December 2019). heathenadj.n.1 A. adj. 1. Of an individual or people: holding religious beliefs of a sort that are considered unenlightened, now esp. ones of a primitive or polytheistic nature; spec. not of the Christian, Jewish, or Muslim faiths.In early use applied also to Muslims. ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > theism > paganism > [adjective] heathenishc893 heathen971 misbelievedc1225 Barbarya1300 payenc1300 miscreantc1330 paynimc1330 uncircumcideda1382 uncircumciseda1400 gentilec1400 heathenly1415 paganismc1425 profanec1450 pagan1464 ethnical?a1475 payemec1480 miscredentc1500 heathenish1535 whorish1535 ethnic1542 ethnish1542 idolous1546 mammetrous1546 gentilish1550 idolatrous?1550 idololatrical1550 infidel1551 idolatrical1556 gentilical1573 paganical?1573 idolish1577 heatheny1580 irreligious1585 paganish1589 gentilic1603 idolaster1608 gentilitious1613 heathenous1613 idolatrizing1614 image-worshipping1621 misreligious1623 Mahounda1625 gentilizing1637 idololatrousa1641 infidelious1648 Baalitical1652 national1661 idolatric1669 paganic1676 gentilized1684 Baalish1690 idololatrica1711 infidelical1802 semi-fidel1834 Greekish1851 paganistic1853 unselect1882 goyish1888 971 Blickl. Hom. 15 He bið geseald hæþnum mannum. c1000 Ælfric Homilies I. 206 Se getigeda assa and his fola getacniað twa folc, þæt is Iudeisc and hæðen. 1154 Anglo-Saxon Chron. anno 1137 Næure hethen men werse ne diden þan hi. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 7286 Þatt hæþenn follc. kalldisskenn follc. Wass warr off cristess come. a1200 Moral Ode 295 in Trin. Coll. Hom. 229 Þar beð þe haðene men þe waren laȝe-lease. 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (1724) 397 Wyllam..an eþene kyng com to. 1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 5508 Haythen men..Þat never baptem ne right trouthe tuke. 1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xv. 450 A barne..Til it be crystened in crystes name and confermed of þe bisshop, It is hethene as to heueneward..Hethene is to mene after heth and vntiled erthe. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Coll. Phys.) l. 19740 Baþe to haiþin [Vesp. heþen, Fairf. heþin, Gött. heiþen] folc and iues. ?a1400 Arthur 435 Lat not þe heþone Men Destroye þe puple crystien. 1563 W. Fulke Goodle Gallerye Causes Meteors ii. f. 13 Helena was of the Heathen men, taken as a Goddesse the daughter of Iupiter and Leda. 1627 R. Sanderson Serm. I. 263 Abimelech, an heathen-man, who had not the knowledge of the true God of heaven to direct him. 1706 M. Tindal Rights Christian Church 96 Made familiar to such Practices by the Heathen Priests. 1825 W. Scott Talisman vi, in Tales Crusaders III. 144 I did the heathen Soldan injustice. 1870 B. Harte Heathen Chinee 17 He went for that heathen Chinee. 2. Of things: relating to such an individual or people, or to their religion and customs. ΚΠ 826 Charter of Ecgberht in Cod. Dipl. V. 83 Andlang dic to ðem heðenum birigelsum. c1000 Ælfric Homilies I. 98 On hæðenum dagum. a1225 Leg. Kath. 53 Þe temple..of hise heaðene godes. a1400 Sir Beues (A.) 547 Me ȝhe solde in to heþenlonde. a1400–50 Alexander 5673 Out of haythen Spayn. 1485 W. Caxton in Malory's Morte Darthur Pref. sig. ijv In al places crysten and hethen. 1662 E. Stillingfleet Origines Sacræ i. ii. §1 Having already shewed a generall defect in the ancient Heathen Histories. 1722 W. Wollaston Relig. of Nature ix. 208 Even the Heathen world believed that the souls of men survived their bodies. a1745 J. Swift Remarks upon Bk. in Wks. (1762) X. 104 The same Authority..may abolish Christianity, and set up the Jewish, Mahometan, and heathen religion. 1879 F. W. Farrar Life & Work St. Paul I. i. i. 4 The victorious enemy of heathen philosophy and heathen worship had passed his boyhood amid the heathen surroundings of a philosophic city. 3. transferred. Religiously or otherwise on a level with heathens. ΚΠ 1856 R. W. Emerson Eng. Traits iv. 57 A country of extremes,—dukes and chartists, Bishops of Durham and naked heathen colliers. B. n.1 (or adjective used substantively) 1. a. One who holds a religious belief which is neither Christian, Jewish, nor Muslim; a pagan. ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > theism > paganism > [noun] > person heathenc1000 Saracenc1250 payenc1275 paynimc1300 wanbody1303 payemec1330 idolaterc1380 gentilea1382 idolasterc1386 miscreantc1400 mammeter?a1425 paganc1440 infidel1470 ethnic?a1475 image server1531 serve-image1531 heathenista1556 image-worshipper1563 Kaffir1577 giaour1589 Baalista1603 idolant1605 idolatress1613 idolist1614 idololatera1641 iconolater1654 Baalite1656 iconodulist1716 irreligionista1779 neopagan1868 iconodule1893 witch1958 c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Mark (Corpus Cambr.) vii. 26 Soðlice þæt wif wæs hæðen sirofenisces cynnes. a1400 Coer de L. 6297 He..slowgh ther many a hethene. a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1682 (1955) IV. 269 The Russian Ambassador..behaved himselfe like a Clowne, compar'd to this Civil Heathen [sc. the Moroccan Ambassador]. 1720 I. Watts Divine & Moral Songs vi That I was born of Christian race, And not a Heathan or a Jew. 1726 J. Swift Gulliver II. iii. i. 6 I was sorry to find more Mercy in a Heathen, than in a Brother Christian. 1873 E. Thompson Hist. Eng. iii. §1 Though himself a heathen, he [Æthelbert] had agreed to allow his wife, as being a Christian, free exercise of her religion. b. The adjective plural, the heathen (cf. the faithful), is now collective; in the Old Testament = the Gentiles, or people who did not worship Jehovah, the God of the Jews. ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > theism > paganism > [noun] > person > plural and collective heathenessec900 heathenc1000 paynimc1275 Barbarya1300 Saracen1303 payenyc1330 nationsa1382 paynimryc1384 ginga1400 heathenheada1400 payemy?a1400 paynimy1481 paganyc1515 gentility1546 paganism1605 gentilisma1638 pagandom1691 heathendom1860 heathenrya1890 c1000 Ælfric Lives Saints (E.E.T.S.) II. 322 Þa hæþenan swa dydon. a1131 OE. Chron. anno 1128 Betwenen ða cristene and þa heðene. c1200 Vices & Virtues (1888) 51 And beuall þo haðene mid his leðre meneȝinges. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) l. 21254 Þen come þe heiþen wiþ mikel wrange þat cristen men to pine was prest. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms lxxviii[i]. 1 O God, ye Heithen are fallen in to thine heretage. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) 2 Esdras ii. 7 Scatred abrode amonge the Heithen. 1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 1430 Spread his name Great among the Heathen round. View more context for this quotation 1852 H. B. Stowe Uncle Tom's Cabin II. xxviii. 139 It would certainly be a greater self-denial to receive heathen among us, than to send missionaries to them. c. The noun plural, heathens, is mostly individual. ΚΠ 1629 W. Prynne Church of Englands Old Antithesis 86 Heathens..want the knowledge of Christ. 1736 J. Wesley Wks. (1872) I. 25 My brother and I..went to pay our first visit in America to the poor Heathens. a1832 R. Jebb Gen. Princ. Law in Encycl. Metrop. (1845) II. 692/1 Among the speculations of the more enlightened heathens we find the love of mankind at large highly commended. 1857 F. D. Maurice Epist. St. John iii. 38 Showing you how both Heathens and Jews were taught. 2. transferred. One that has no more religion, enlightenment, or culture than a pagan. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > want of knowledge, ignorance > cultural ignorance > [noun] > uncultured person runt1602 home-bred1609 pork1645 Huna1744 savage1762 heathen1817 Philistine1825 stringy-bark1833 roughneck1834 yahoo1861 yapc1894 lowbrow1901 meatball1937 primitive1967 society > faith > aspects of faith > theism > paganism > [noun] > person > one who is like a pagan heathen1817 1817 W. Scott Rob Roy II. ii. 39 Puir frightened heathens that they are. 1870 C. Dickens Edwin Drood viii. 48 My ideas of civility were formed among Heathens. 3. Applied humorously to persons belonging to places bearing the name ‘Heath’, as Blackheath. ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > British nation > English nation > [noun] > native or inhabitant of England > London > parts of London cocknel1605 Wappineer1690 Savoyard1699 Wappingera1734 West Endian1817 East Ender1821 Belgravian1848 west end1882 Kensingtonian1889 heathen1891 Bloomsburian1902 1891 Pall Mall Gaz. 16 Nov. 1/2 Blackheath crossed over with a goal to love..The Oxonians..got two goals, while the Heathens were unable to score. 1894 Westm. Gaz. 15 Jan. 6/2 Blackheath v. London Scottish..a victory for the Heathens. Compounds heathen-heroic adj. ΚΠ 1889 R. B. Anderson tr. V. Rydberg Teutonic Mythol. 104 Heathen-heroic songs. heathen-like adj. and adv. ΚΠ 1565 J. Jewel Def. Apol. Churche Eng. (1611) 21 Thus prophanelie and Heathen-like he writeth. heathen-minded adj. ΚΠ 1895 Dublin Rev. Oct. 318 A society of heathen-minded Humanists. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online September 2021). < n.2adj.n.1826 |
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