heathern.

Brit.

/ˈhɛðə/, U.S.

/ˈhɛðər/

Forms: Middle English, 1500s hathir, Middle English had(d)yr, 1500s haddir, hedder, 1500s–1600s hadder, 1500s–1700s hather, 1700s hether, 1700s– heather.

Etymology: Of uncertain origin: commonly viewed as related to heath; but the form heather appears first in 18th cent., and the earlier hadder seems on several grounds to discountenance such a derivation. The word appears to have been originally confined to Scotland (with the contiguous part of the English Border); the northern English equivalent, as in Yorkshire, etc., being ling, < Norse. The word heath, on the other hand, seems to be native only in Southern and Midland counties, and never to have been applied to the Yorkshire or Scottish ‘moors’; it is only in comparatively recent times that the southern English heath and the Scottish hadder, hedder, have been associated, and the spelling heather thence introduced. On the analogy of adder, bladder, ladder, now in Scottish èther, blèther, lèther, and of English feather, together, weather, we should expect heather to go back through hedder, hadder, to a type hædder or hæddre.

a. The Scottish name, now in general use, for the native species of the Linnæan genus Erica, called in the north of England, ling n.²; especially E. (now Calluna) vulgaris, common heather, and E. cinerea, fine-leaved heath or lesser bell-heather.Some recent botanical writers have essayed to limit the originally local names heath, ling, heather, to different species; but each of these names is, in its own locality, applied to all the species there found, and pre-eminently to that locally most abundant. On the Yorkshire and Scottish moors, the most abundant is E. vulgaris, which is therefore the ‘common ling’ of the one, the ‘common heather’ of the other. But in other localities, esp. in the south-west, E. cinerea is the prevalent species, and is there the ‘common heath’. Scottish distinctions are dog-heather, he-heather ( E. vulgaris), carlin heather, she-heather ( E. cinerea).

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > shrubs > heather or heath and similar plants > [noun]

heather1335

ling?c1357

heath1626

grig1691

bottle heath?1711

sea-heath1713

heather-bell1725

red heath?1788

Calluna1803

Scotch heath1822

Erica1826

winter heath1842

heathwort1847

heath-blooms1858

St. Dabeoc's heath1863

cat-heather1864

honey bottle1868

French heath1871

1335 Compotus Procuratoris de Norham (Durh. Treasury MS.) In strauue et hathir emptis pro coopertura domus molendini.

1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) xii. l. 898 Hadyr and hay bond apon flakys fast.

1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) v. l. 300 In heich haddyr Wallace and thai can twyn.

a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 261 Greit abbais grayth I nill to gather Bot ane kirk, scant coverit with hadder.

1548 W. Turner Names of Herbes sig. C.viij ^v Erice is called in greeke Ereice, it is named in english Heth hather, or ling..it groweth on frith and wyld mores, some vse to make brusshes of heath.

1572 R. Sempill Lament. Commounis Scotl. (single sheet) With Peittis, with Turuis, and mony turse of Hedder.

1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball vi. xvi. 678 Heath, Hather, and Lyng is called in high and base Almaigne, Heyden.

1607 J. Norden Surueyors Dialogue Heath is the generall or common name, whereof there is one kind, called hather, the other ling.

1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy iii. ii. v. i. 628 Those Indian Brachmanni..lay vpon the ground couered with skinnes, as the Redshanks doe on Hadder.

1633 J. Hart Κλινικη i. xxvii. 126 In the Northerne..places of this Island..They dry their malt with ling, or heath, called there hadder.

1691 J. Ray Catal. N. Country Words in Coll. Eng. Words (ed. 2) 135 Hadder, heath or Ling.

1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Plague They are to give them Hather or Hadder to eat.

1754 E. Burt Lett. N. Scotl. I. xiii. 297 The Surface of the Ground is all over Heath, or, as they call it, Heather.

1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. I. 199/1 Calluna. The true ‘Heather’ of Scotland, called also Ling and Common Heath.

1873 W. Black Princess of Thule i. 11 Everywhere around were..great gray boulders..set amid the browns and greens of the heather.

b. to set the heather on fire: to make a disturbance. to take to the heather: to become an outlaw or bandit.

ΚΠ

1817 W. Scott Rob Roy III. viii. 234 It's partly that whilk has set the heather on fire.

1896 Westm. Gaz. 28 July 1/3 A woman..informed against the murderer, who at once ‘took to the heather’.

2. Applied with distinctive additions to other plants.

Himalayan heather n. Andromeda fastigiata (Miller, 1884). monox heather n. the Crowberry. silver heather n. (or sponge heather) the moss Polytrichum commune. (Britten and Holland Plant-names.)

Compounds

C1. Of, pertaining to, consisting of, or made from heather.

heather-ale n.

ΚΠ

1820 W. Scott Monastery II. xi. 321 Halbert Glendinning..expressed himself unwilling to taste any liquor stronger than the heather-ale, which was at that time frequently used at meals.

heather-bed n.

heather-beer n.

heather-besom n.

heather-bloom n.

heather-blossom n.

heather-brae n.

ΚΠ

1725 A. Ramsay Gentle Shepherd ii. i. 17 And skulk in Hidlings on the Hether Braes.

heather-brake n.

heather-bush n.

ΚΠ

1855 C. Kingsley Theseus in Heroes i. 196 Beneath whose shade grew..purple heather-bushes.

heather-cow n. (cow n.²)

ΚΠ

1819 W. Scott Bride of Lammermoor ii, in Tales of my Landlord 3rd Ser. III. 26 What good can the poor bird do..except pine and die in the first heather-cow or whin-bush she can crawl into?

heather-honey n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > additive > sweetener > honey > [noun] > other types of honey

clarified honeya1450

flower-honey1577

corn-honey1609

stone-honey1609

hive-honey1653

grass-honey1658

lily-honey1658

stock-honey1742

heather-honey1826

clover honey-

1826 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 20 412/1 Heather-honey of this blessed year's produce.

1863 C. Kingsley Water-babies iv. 131 He..smelt..the wafts of heather honey off the grouse-moor.

1935 Jrnl. Physical Chem. 39 213 The term ‘heather honey’ is used to describe any honey derived largely from the nectar of Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, and allied species.

1971 Country Life 28 Oct. 1107/2 The drawback to heather honey is that it is difficult to extract.

1971 Harrod's Xmas Catal. 59/3 ‘Double Scotch’ Honey is a unique blend of Scottish heather honey and rare old malt whisky.

heather-knoll n.

heather-land n.

ΚΠ

1863 J. G. Baker N. Yorks. Stud. 181 A considerable extent of the surface yet remains as heatherland.

heather-roof n.

ΚΠ

1819 A. Rees Cycl. XVII. (at cited word) Heather-roofs are frequently met with in the district of Cowal.

heather-top n.

ΚΠ

1823 W. Scott St. Ronan's Well I. ii. 46 A head like a heather-tap.

heather-tuft n.

heather-wine n.

C2. Of the colour or appearance of heather: applied to fabrics, etc., of a mixed or speckled hue thought to resemble that of heather.

heather-mixture n.

ΚΠ

1885 M. Collins Prettiest Woman in Warsaw II. xii. 155 He..changed his ‘heather-mixture’ for clothes more suitable to Piccadilly.

heather-stockings n.

heather-suit n.

ΚΠ

1876 ‘Mrs. Alexander’ Her Dearest Foe I. 278 Tom entered, in a bright purple-tinted ‘heather suit’.

heather-tweed n.

heather-wool n.

C3.

heather-clad adj.

ΚΠ

1886 G. Allen For Maimie's Sake ii. 12 To climb the heather-clad hill.

heather-covered adj.

heather-mixed adj.

heather-sweet adj.

C4.

heather-cat n. a cat living wild and roaming among the heather; hence figurative applied to a person.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > aspects of travel > travel from place to place > [noun] > without fixed aim or wandering > vagrancy or vagabondage > vagabond or tramp

harlot?c1225

raikera1400

vacabond1404

vagrant1444

gangrela1450

briber?c1475

palliard1484

vagabondc1485

rogue1489

wavenger1493

hermit1495

gaberlunzie1508

knight of the field1508

loiterer1530

straggler1530

runagate1534

ruffler1535

hedge-creeper1548

Abraham man1567

cursitor1567

runner1567

walker1567

tinker1575

traveller1598

Tartar1602

stravagant1606

wagand1614

Circumcellion1623

meechera1625

hedge-bird1631

gaberlunzie man1649

tramp1664

stroller1681

jockey1685

bird of passage1717

randy1724

tramper1760

stalko1804

vagabondager1813

rintherout1814

piker1838

pikey1838

beachcomber1840

roadster1851

vagabondizer1860

roustabout1862

bum1864

migratory1866

potter1867

sundowner1868

vag1868

walkabout1872

transient1877

Murrumbidgee whaler1878

rouster1882

run-the-hedge1882

whaler1883

shaughraun1884

heather-cat1886

hobo1889

tussocker1889

gay cat1893

overlander1898

stake-man1899

stiff1899

bindle-stiff1900

dingbat1902

stew-bum1902

tired Tim (also Timothy)1906

skipper1925

Strandlooper1927

knight of the road1928

hobohemian1936

plain turkey1955

scrub turkey1955

derro1963

jakey1988

crusty1990

1886 R. L. Stevenson Kidnapped xvi. 153 He's here and awa; here to-day and gone to-morrow: a fair heather-cat.

1895 S. R. Crockett Men of Moss-hags xvi That daft heather-cat of a cousin of mine.

heather-grass n. = heath-grass n., Triodia decumbens.

heather-owl n. the Short-eared Owl, Asio accipitrinus.

Draft additions March 2008

A textile speckled or flecked with multiple colours or shades (cf. Compounds 2). Frequently with modifying word indicating the predominant colour, as charcoal heather, grey heather, etc.

ΚΠ

1859 Bent’s Monthly Lit. Advertiser Aug. 146/1 The whole forms a neat pocket volume, and will no doubt be part of the furniture of many a plaid or ‘heather’ coat this autumn.

1913 Manitoba Free Press 15 Feb. 5/3 (advt.) Men's socks, in grey heather and Lovat shades.

1966 Northwest Arkansas Times 4 Aug. 28/1 (advt.) Now in stock in over 30 beautiful new fall colors including many Heathers.

2002 W. M. Ellis Refl. on Acad. Life N. Dakota ii. 19 She wore a chalk pink blazer..and charcoal heather slacks.

Draft additions June 2012

heather line n. British the line or height on a mountain at which a belt of upland heathers ends; cf. snow-line n. 1, tree-line n. (a) at tree n. Compounds 2c.

ΚΠ

1858 Naturalist 8 292 Whilst exploring the slopes of Old Cote Moor..I gathered several well-grown Mushrooms in the ‘rough pastures’ just below the ‘heather line’.

1902 A. I. Shand Shooting 89 Of a sunny morning you fancied you might distinguish with the naked eye the deer that sometimes wandered from adjacent forests, or even the hares that began to swarm above the heather line.

2010 Times (Nexis) 28 July 24 Bilberries..grow on low bushy plants, sometimes among heather, sometimes above the heather line.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	heather
释义	heathern. Brit. /ˈhɛðə/, U.S. /ˈhɛðər/ Forms: Middle English, 1500s hathir, Middle English had(d)yr, 1500s haddir, hedder, 1500s–1600s hadder, 1500s–1700s hather, 1700s hether, 1700s– heather. Etymology: Of uncertain origin: commonly viewed as related to heath; but the form heather appears first in 18th cent., and the earlier hadder seems on several grounds to discountenance such a derivation. The word appears to have been originally confined to Scotland (with the contiguous part of the English Border); the northern English equivalent, as in Yorkshire, etc., being ling, < Norse. The word heath, on the other hand, seems to be native only in Southern and Midland counties, and never to have been applied to the Yorkshire or Scottish ‘moors’; it is only in comparatively recent times that the southern English heath and the Scottish hadder, hedder, have been associated, and the spelling heather thence introduced. On the analogy of adder, bladder, ladder, now in Scottish èther, blèther, lèther, and of English feather, together, weather, we should expect heather to go back through hedder, hadder, to a type hædder or hæddre. 1. a. The Scottish name, now in general use, for the native species of the Linnæan genus Erica, called in the north of England, ling n.²; especially E. (now Calluna) vulgaris, common heather, and E. cinerea, fine-leaved heath or lesser bell-heather.Some recent botanical writers have essayed to limit the originally local names heath, ling, heather, to different species; but each of these names is, in its own locality, applied to all the species there found, and pre-eminently to that locally most abundant. On the Yorkshire and Scottish moors, the most abundant is E. vulgaris, which is therefore the ‘common ling’ of the one, the ‘common heather’ of the other. But in other localities, esp. in the south-west, E. cinerea is the prevalent species, and is there the ‘common heath’. Scottish distinctions are dog-heather, he-heather ( E. vulgaris), carlin heather, she-heather ( E. cinerea). ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > shrubs > heather or heath and similar plants > [noun] heather1335 ling?c1357 heath1626 grig1691 bottle heath?1711 sea-heath1713 heather-bell1725 red heath?1788 Calluna1803 Scotch heath1822 Erica1826 winter heath1842 heathwort1847 heath-blooms1858 St. Dabeoc's heath1863 cat-heather1864 honey bottle1868 French heath1871 1335 Compotus Procuratoris de Norham (Durh. Treasury MS.) In strauue et hathir emptis pro coopertura domus molendini. 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) xii. l. 898 Hadyr and hay bond apon flakys fast. 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) v. l. 300 In heich haddyr Wallace and thai can twyn. a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 261 Greit abbais grayth I nill to gather Bot ane kirk, scant coverit with hadder. 1548 W. Turner Names of Herbes sig. C.viij ^v Erice is called in greeke Ereice, it is named in english Heth hather, or ling..it groweth on frith and wyld mores, some vse to make brusshes of heath. 1572 R. Sempill Lament. Commounis Scotl. (single sheet) With Peittis, with Turuis, and mony turse of Hedder. 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball vi. xvi. 678 Heath, Hather, and Lyng is called in high and base Almaigne, Heyden. 1607 J. Norden Surueyors Dialogue Heath is the generall or common name, whereof there is one kind, called hather, the other ling. 1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy iii. ii. v. i. 628 Those Indian Brachmanni..lay vpon the ground couered with skinnes, as the Redshanks doe on Hadder. 1633 J. Hart Κλινικη i. xxvii. 126 In the Northerne..places of this Island..They dry their malt with ling, or heath, called there hadder. 1691 J. Ray Catal. N. Country Words in Coll. Eng. Words (ed. 2) 135 Hadder, heath or Ling. 1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Plague They are to give them Hather or Hadder to eat. 1754 E. Burt Lett. N. Scotl. I. xiii. 297 The Surface of the Ground is all over Heath, or, as they call it, Heather. 1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. I. 199/1 Calluna. The true ‘Heather’ of Scotland, called also Ling and Common Heath. 1873 W. Black Princess of Thule i. 11 Everywhere around were..great gray boulders..set amid the browns and greens of the heather. b. to set the heather on fire: to make a disturbance. to take to the heather: to become an outlaw or bandit. ΚΠ 1817 W. Scott Rob Roy III. viii. 234 It's partly that whilk has set the heather on fire. 1896 Westm. Gaz. 28 July 1/3 A woman..informed against the murderer, who at once ‘took to the heather’. 2. Applied with distinctive additions to other plants. Himalayan heather n. Andromeda fastigiata (Miller, 1884). monox heather n. the Crowberry. silver heather n. (or sponge heather) the moss Polytrichum commune. (Britten and Holland Plant-names.) Compounds C1. Of, pertaining to, consisting of, or made from heather. heather-ale n. ΚΠ 1820 W. Scott Monastery II. xi. 321 Halbert Glendinning..expressed himself unwilling to taste any liquor stronger than the heather-ale, which was at that time frequently used at meals. heather-bed n. heather-beer n. heather-besom n. heather-bloom n. heather-blossom n. heather-brae n. ΚΠ 1725 A. Ramsay Gentle Shepherd ii. i. 17 And skulk in Hidlings on the Hether Braes. heather-brake n. heather-bush n. ΚΠ 1855 C. Kingsley Theseus in Heroes i. 196 Beneath whose shade grew..purple heather-bushes. heather-cow n. (cow n.²) ΚΠ 1819 W. Scott Bride of Lammermoor ii, in Tales of my Landlord 3rd Ser. III. 26 What good can the poor bird do..except pine and die in the first heather-cow or whin-bush she can crawl into? heather-honey n. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > additive > sweetener > honey > [noun] > other types of honey clarified honeya1450 flower-honey1577 corn-honey1609 stone-honey1609 hive-honey1653 grass-honey1658 lily-honey1658 stock-honey1742 heather-honey1826 clover honey- 1826 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 20 412/1 Heather-honey of this blessed year's produce. 1863 C. Kingsley Water-babies iv. 131 He..smelt..the wafts of heather honey off the grouse-moor. 1935 Jrnl. Physical Chem. 39 213 The term ‘heather honey’ is used to describe any honey derived largely from the nectar of Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, and allied species. 1971 Country Life 28 Oct. 1107/2 The drawback to heather honey is that it is difficult to extract. 1971 Harrod's Xmas Catal. 59/3 ‘Double Scotch’ Honey is a unique blend of Scottish heather honey and rare old malt whisky. heather-knoll n. heather-land n. ΚΠ 1863 J. G. Baker N. Yorks. Stud. 181 A considerable extent of the surface yet remains as heatherland. heather-roof n. ΚΠ 1819 A. Rees Cycl. XVII. (at cited word) Heather-roofs are frequently met with in the district of Cowal. heather-top n. ΚΠ 1823 W. Scott St. Ronan's Well I. ii. 46 A head like a heather-tap. heather-tuft n. heather-wine n. C2. Of the colour or appearance of heather: applied to fabrics, etc., of a mixed or speckled hue thought to resemble that of heather. heather-mixture n. ΚΠ 1885 M. Collins Prettiest Woman in Warsaw II. xii. 155 He..changed his ‘heather-mixture’ for clothes more suitable to Piccadilly. heather-stockings n. heather-suit n. ΚΠ 1876 ‘Mrs. Alexander’ Her Dearest Foe I. 278 Tom entered, in a bright purple-tinted ‘heather suit’. heather-tweed n. heather-wool n. C3. heather-clad adj. ΚΠ 1886 G. Allen For Maimie's Sake ii. 12 To climb the heather-clad hill. heather-covered adj. heather-mixed adj. heather-sweet adj. C4. heather-cat n. a cat living wild and roaming among the heather; hence figurative applied to a person. ΘΚΠ society > travel > aspects of travel > travel from place to place > [noun] > without fixed aim or wandering > vagrancy or vagabondage > vagabond or tramp harlot?c1225 raikera1400 vacabond1404 vagrant1444 gangrela1450 briber?c1475 palliard1484 vagabondc1485 rogue1489 wavenger1493 hermit1495 gaberlunzie1508 knight of the field1508 loiterer1530 straggler1530 runagate1534 ruffler1535 hedge-creeper1548 Abraham man1567 cursitor1567 runner1567 walker1567 tinker1575 traveller1598 Tartar1602 stravagant1606 wagand1614 Circumcellion1623 meechera1625 hedge-bird1631 gaberlunzie man1649 tramp1664 stroller1681 jockey1685 bird of passage1717 randy1724 tramper1760 stalko1804 vagabondager1813 rintherout1814 piker1838 pikey1838 beachcomber1840 roadster1851 vagabondizer1860 roustabout1862 bum1864 migratory1866 potter1867 sundowner1868 vag1868 walkabout1872 transient1877 Murrumbidgee whaler1878 rouster1882 run-the-hedge1882 whaler1883 shaughraun1884 heather-cat1886 hobo1889 tussocker1889 gay cat1893 overlander1898 stake-man1899 stiff1899 bindle-stiff1900 dingbat1902 stew-bum1902 tired Tim (also Timothy)1906 skipper1925 Strandlooper1927 knight of the road1928 hobohemian1936 plain turkey1955 scrub turkey1955 derro1963 jakey1988 crusty1990 1886 R. L. Stevenson Kidnapped xvi. 153 He's here and awa; here to-day and gone to-morrow: a fair heather-cat. 1895 S. R. Crockett Men of Moss-hags xvi That daft heather-cat of a cousin of mine. heather-grass n. = heath-grass n., Triodia decumbens. heather-owl n. the Short-eared Owl, Asio accipitrinus. Draft additions March 2008 A textile speckled or flecked with multiple colours or shades (cf. Compounds 2). Frequently with modifying word indicating the predominant colour, as charcoal heather, grey heather, etc. ΚΠ 1859 Bent’s Monthly Lit. Advertiser Aug. 146/1 The whole forms a neat pocket volume, and will no doubt be part of the furniture of many a plaid or ‘heather’ coat this autumn. 1913 Manitoba Free Press 15 Feb. 5/3 (advt.) Men's socks, in grey heather and Lovat shades. 1966 Northwest Arkansas Times 4 Aug. 28/1 (advt.) Now in stock in over 30 beautiful new fall colors including many Heathers. 2002 W. M. Ellis Refl. on Acad. Life N. Dakota ii. 19 She wore a chalk pink blazer..and charcoal heather slacks. Draft additions June 2012 heather line n. British the line or height on a mountain at which a belt of upland heathers ends; cf. snow-line n. 1, tree-line n. (a) at tree n. Compounds 2c. ΚΠ 1858 Naturalist 8 292 Whilst exploring the slopes of Old Cote Moor..I gathered several well-grown Mushrooms in the ‘rough pastures’ just below the ‘heather line’. 1902 A. I. Shand Shooting 89 Of a sunny morning you fancied you might distinguish with the naked eye the deer that sometimes wandered from adjacent forests, or even the hares that began to swarm above the heather line. 2010 Times (Nexis) 28 July 24 Bilberries..grow on low bushy plants, sometimes among heather, sometimes above the heather line. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1335
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