hercynianadj.

/həˈsɪnɪən/

Etymology: < Latin Hercynia (sc. silva ) = Greek Ἑρκύνιος δρυμός the Hercynian forest (see below and -an suffix).

1. Applied by and after the ancient writers to the wooded mountain-system of Middle Germany, or to portions of it.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > [adjective] > specific

Peakish1592

hercynian1598

the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > mountain > [adjective] > range > spec

Alpine?a1475

Pyrene?a1475

Riphaean1555

Pyrenean?1556

Pyrenee1590

hercynian1598

Alpic1611

Appalachian1672

Carpathian1673

Rhipaean1703

Alleghenian1740

Altaic1762

Altaian1780

Balkan1785

Uralian1801

Lepontine1802

Altai1824

Dinaric1833

Andean1845

Alpigene1847

Lepontian1857

Uralic1861

Himalayan1866

Cordilleran1891

Andine1900

Armorican1906

Variscan1906

1598 R. Grenewey tr. Tacitus Descr. Germanie iv, in Annales 266 The Hercynian forrest doth containe the Catti, and is the bounds of their territorie.

1630 tr. G. Botero Relations Famous Kingdomes World (rev. ed.) 276 Bohemia..is incompassed with great Mountaines and the Hercynian woods.

1890 J. G. Frazer Golden Bough I. i. 56 Down to the first century before our era the Hercynian forest stretched eastward from the Rhine for a distance at once vast and unknown.

1935 W. G. East Hist. Geogr. Europe ii. 51 The Hercynian forest, as Caesar described it, could be crossed in nine days by a fast runner.

2. In Geology used by different writers in various senses, with allusion to the Harz Mountains.The word was first used in geology as the German hercynisch (according to Suess by von Buch) in sense 2c, and was adopted by several writers, chiefly German and French, in sense 2a; in 1887 Bertrand ( Bull. de la Soc. géol. de France XV. 438) used it in sense 2b to replace the variscisch und armoricanisch of Suess, and this has become the usual sense in English.

a. Designating one of the Devonian formations of the Harz Mountains; so Hercynian fauna (after Kayser, 1879), Hercynian gneiss (after Gümbel, 1868).

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > age or period > stratigraphic units > [adjective] > primary or Palaeozoic > Devonian > specific

Helderberg1840

Coblenzian1853

Rhenan1853

Vergent1858

hercynian1880

Famennian1882

Frasnian1882

Givetian1882

Helderbergian1906

Siegenian1922

1880 J. D. Dana Man. Geol. (ed. 3) iii. i. 151 In Europe, the Archæan system has been distinctly recognized in..Bavaria (Hercynian and Bojie Gneiss).

1885 A. Geikie Text-bk. Geol. (ed. 2) 641 Grey gneiss, containing white or grey felspar, and abundant dark magnesia-mica..(termed the Hercynian gneiss).

1893 P. Lake tr. E. Kayser Text Bk. Compar. Geol. ii. 101 First described by H. Römer and Giebel as Silurian, this Hercynian fauna of the Lower Harz has more recently been compared by E. Beyrich with the fauna of the Bohemian stages F, G, H of Barrande, and was afterwards described by Kayser..as Lower Devonian.

1895 J. D. Dana Man. Geol. (ed. 4) iv. ii. 570 Kayser concluded..that the Lower Helderberg formation of America was Hercynian, that is, lowest Devonian.

1906 T. C. Chamberlin & R. D. Salisbury Geol. II. viii. 450 The Hercynian fauna which characterizes this stage of the Devonian in southern Europe has much in common with the Helderberg fauna of America.

1955 G. G. Woodford tr. M. Gignoux Stratigr. Geol. iv. 128 The Hercynian facies of the Lower Devonian appears in the Kellerwald.

b. Of, pertaining to, or contemporaneous with the mountain-building movements that occurred in Europe in late Carboniferous and early Permian times, or the mountains then formed; hence, late Palæozoic; = Armorican adj. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > age or period > [adjective] > primary or Palaeozoic > Permo-carboniferous

Permo-Carboniferous1874

hercynian1895

Permo-Pennsylvanian1919

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > formation of features > tectonization or diastrophism > [adjective] > orogenesis > specific

hercynian1895

Laramide1895

Caledonian1903

Armorican1906

Variscan1906

Taconic1908

Saalian1931

Pfalzian1932

Shamvaian1947

pan-African1964

1895 J. D. Dana Man. Geol. (ed. 4) iv. iii. 734 The ‘Hercynian system’ of Bertrand includes a long range of dislocated Devonian and Carboniferous rocks extending from Brittany to the Vosges and Ardennes, and beyond along the Black Forest, the Harz to Bohemia.

1926 Publ. Carnegie Inst. Washington No. 375. v. 69 The movements in late Stephanian and in Permian time can best be considered as the final effects of the Hercynian movement.

1935 E. B. Bailey Tectonic Ess. i. 5 The Ardennes of Belgium and much of the Appalachians of America are alike members of the Hercynian System.

1935 E. B. Bailey Tectonic Ess. i. 8 Hercynian in Bertrand's sense has established itself apparently for all time in the literature of France, Switzerland, Britain, and America.

1948 R. L. Sherlock Permo-Triassic Formations iv. 40 Like the present Alps, the Hercynian Mountains were the result of the squeezing of the sediments deposited in a Mediterranean Sea, the Palaeozoic Tethys.

1967 D. H. Rayner Stratigr. Brit. Isles i. 27 Extending down the centre of England..there are various Carboniferous outcrops whose structures are largely Hercynian in age but which follow older directions.

c. Applied (rarely in English) to those faults, folds, and other geological features in Europe with a predominantly north-western direction.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > [adjective] > specific direction

Malvernian1879

hercynian1904

Caledonoid1913

1904 H. B. C. Sollas & W. J. Sollas tr. E. Suess Face of Earth I. i. iii. 121 This..does not exclude the existence in Central Europe of two different directions, which have produced folds and mountain chains striking more to the north-east in the one case, in the other more to the north-west. The former is known as the direction of the Netherlands, the latter as the Hercynian direction.

1909 H. B. C. Sollas & W. J. Sollas tr. E. Suess Face of Earth IV. v. i. 2 The important point for L. von Buch, when he created the ‘Hercynian system’, was the (orographical) north-westerly direction, for Marcel Bertrand it was the tectonic age.

1909 H. B. C. Sollas & W. J. Sollas tr. E. Suess Face of Earth IV. v. i. 33 These fractures..determine L. von Buch's ‘Hercynian system’, which embraces all the mountains striking to the north-west; many eminent German geologists still describe these long lines as Hercynian.

1935 E. B. Bailey Tectonic Ess. i. 5 For von Buch, the Hercynian character was a west-north-westerly, or north-westerly, trend... Accordingly, among German-speaking tectonists, Hercynian is still commonly employed to group together a very important set of more or less north-westerly fractures and folds that characterize much of Czechoslovakia, Germany, and Scania.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

单词	hercynian
释义	hercynianadj. /həˈsɪnɪən/ Etymology: < Latin Hercynia (sc. silva ) = Greek Ἑρκύνιος δρυμός the Hercynian forest (see below and -an suffix). 1. Applied by and after the ancient writers to the wooded mountain-system of Middle Germany, or to portions of it. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > [adjective] > specific Peakish1592 hercynian1598 the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > mountain > [adjective] > range > spec Alpine?a1475 Pyrene?a1475 Riphaean1555 Pyrenean?1556 Pyrenee1590 hercynian1598 Alpic1611 Appalachian1672 Carpathian1673 Rhipaean1703 Alleghenian1740 Altaic1762 Altaian1780 Balkan1785 Uralian1801 Lepontine1802 Altai1824 Dinaric1833 Andean1845 Alpigene1847 Lepontian1857 Uralic1861 Himalayan1866 Cordilleran1891 Andine1900 Armorican1906 Variscan1906 1598 R. Grenewey tr. Tacitus Descr. Germanie iv, in Annales 266 The Hercynian forrest doth containe the Catti, and is the bounds of their territorie. 1630 tr. G. Botero Relations Famous Kingdomes World (rev. ed.) 276 Bohemia..is incompassed with great Mountaines and the Hercynian woods. 1890 J. G. Frazer Golden Bough I. i. 56 Down to the first century before our era the Hercynian forest stretched eastward from the Rhine for a distance at once vast and unknown. 1935 W. G. East Hist. Geogr. Europe ii. 51 The Hercynian forest, as Caesar described it, could be crossed in nine days by a fast runner. 2. In Geology used by different writers in various senses, with allusion to the Harz Mountains.The word was first used in geology as the German hercynisch (according to Suess by von Buch) in sense 2c, and was adopted by several writers, chiefly German and French, in sense 2a; in 1887 Bertrand ( Bull. de la Soc. géol. de France XV. 438) used it in sense 2b to replace the variscisch und armoricanisch of Suess, and this has become the usual sense in English. a. Designating one of the Devonian formations of the Harz Mountains; so Hercynian fauna (after Kayser, 1879), Hercynian gneiss (after Gümbel, 1868). ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > age or period > stratigraphic units > [adjective] > primary or Palaeozoic > Devonian > specific Helderberg1840 Coblenzian1853 Rhenan1853 Vergent1858 hercynian1880 Famennian1882 Frasnian1882 Givetian1882 Helderbergian1906 Siegenian1922 1880 J. D. Dana Man. Geol. (ed. 3) iii. i. 151 In Europe, the Archæan system has been distinctly recognized in..Bavaria (Hercynian and Bojie Gneiss). 1885 A. Geikie Text-bk. Geol. (ed. 2) 641 Grey gneiss, containing white or grey felspar, and abundant dark magnesia-mica..(termed the Hercynian gneiss). 1893 P. Lake tr. E. Kayser Text Bk. Compar. Geol. ii. 101 First described by H. Römer and Giebel as Silurian, this Hercynian fauna of the Lower Harz has more recently been compared by E. Beyrich with the fauna of the Bohemian stages F, G, H of Barrande, and was afterwards described by Kayser..as Lower Devonian. 1895 J. D. Dana Man. Geol. (ed. 4) iv. ii. 570 Kayser concluded..that the Lower Helderberg formation of America was Hercynian, that is, lowest Devonian. 1906 T. C. Chamberlin & R. D. Salisbury Geol. II. viii. 450 The Hercynian fauna which characterizes this stage of the Devonian in southern Europe has much in common with the Helderberg fauna of America. 1955 G. G. Woodford tr. M. Gignoux Stratigr. Geol. iv. 128 The Hercynian facies of the Lower Devonian appears in the Kellerwald. b. Of, pertaining to, or contemporaneous with the mountain-building movements that occurred in Europe in late Carboniferous and early Permian times, or the mountains then formed; hence, late Palæozoic; = Armorican adj. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > age or period > [adjective] > primary or Palaeozoic > Permo-carboniferous Permo-Carboniferous1874 hercynian1895 Permo-Pennsylvanian1919 the world > the earth > structure of the earth > formation of features > tectonization or diastrophism > [adjective] > orogenesis > specific hercynian1895 Laramide1895 Caledonian1903 Armorican1906 Variscan1906 Taconic1908 Saalian1931 Pfalzian1932 Shamvaian1947 pan-African1964 1895 J. D. Dana Man. Geol. (ed. 4) iv. iii. 734 The ‘Hercynian system’ of Bertrand includes a long range of dislocated Devonian and Carboniferous rocks extending from Brittany to the Vosges and Ardennes, and beyond along the Black Forest, the Harz to Bohemia. 1926 Publ. Carnegie Inst. Washington No. 375. v. 69 The movements in late Stephanian and in Permian time can best be considered as the final effects of the Hercynian movement. 1935 E. B. Bailey Tectonic Ess. i. 5 The Ardennes of Belgium and much of the Appalachians of America are alike members of the Hercynian System. 1935 E. B. Bailey Tectonic Ess. i. 8 Hercynian in Bertrand's sense has established itself apparently for all time in the literature of France, Switzerland, Britain, and America. 1948 R. L. Sherlock Permo-Triassic Formations iv. 40 Like the present Alps, the Hercynian Mountains were the result of the squeezing of the sediments deposited in a Mediterranean Sea, the Palaeozoic Tethys. 1967 D. H. Rayner Stratigr. Brit. Isles i. 27 Extending down the centre of England..there are various Carboniferous outcrops whose structures are largely Hercynian in age but which follow older directions. c. Applied (rarely in English) to those faults, folds, and other geological features in Europe with a predominantly north-western direction. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > [adjective] > specific direction Malvernian1879 hercynian1904 Caledonoid1913 1904 H. B. C. Sollas & W. J. Sollas tr. E. Suess Face of Earth I. i. iii. 121 This..does not exclude the existence in Central Europe of two different directions, which have produced folds and mountain chains striking more to the north-east in the one case, in the other more to the north-west. The former is known as the direction of the Netherlands, the latter as the Hercynian direction. 1909 H. B. C. Sollas & W. J. Sollas tr. E. Suess Face of Earth IV. v. i. 2 The important point for L. von Buch, when he created the ‘Hercynian system’, was the (orographical) north-westerly direction, for Marcel Bertrand it was the tectonic age. 1909 H. B. C. Sollas & W. J. Sollas tr. E. Suess Face of Earth IV. v. i. 33 These fractures..determine L. von Buch's ‘Hercynian system’, which embraces all the mountains striking to the north-west; many eminent German geologists still describe these long lines as Hercynian. 1935 E. B. Bailey Tectonic Ess. i. 5 For von Buch, the Hercynian character was a west-north-westerly, or north-westerly, trend... Accordingly, among German-speaking tectonists, Hercynian is still commonly employed to group together a very important set of more or less north-westerly fractures and folds that characterize much of Czechoslovakia, Germany, and Scania. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online June 2021). < adj.1598
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