High Germann.adj.

Brit.

/ˌhʌɪ ˈdʒəːmən/, U.S.

/ˌhaɪ ˈdʒərmən/

Forms: see high adj. and n.² and German n. and adj.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding; originally modelled on a German lexical item. Etymons: high adj., German n.; high adj., German adj.

Etymology: As noun < high adj. + German n. As adjective < high adj. + German adj. Originally after German hochdeutsch (adjective) of or relating to the German-speaking regions south of the Main, of or relating to forms of the German language spoken in these regions, also specifically to the language of chancery underlying modern standard German (all 15th cent., also as noun; in modern philological use: J. Grimm Deutsche Grammatik I. (1819) xxvi., also as noun); compare Middle Low German hōchdǖdesch , in the same senses (late 15th cent., also as noun). Compare High Dutch n. and adj.. Compare also Low German n. and Low German adj.Compare †High Germany, as name of the broadly corresponding geographical area, after Middle Low German Hōchdǖtschlant southern Germany, especially areas not associated with the Hanseatic League, German †Hochdeutschland Germany south of the Main (15th cent.), probably ultimately after classical Latin Germānia superior, the name of a Roman province centred on the middle Rhine valley comprising parts of present-day south-west Germany, eastern France and Switzerland. Compare the following early examples in English contexts:1530 Proper Dyaloge Gentillman & Husbandman (new ed.) sig. Cvj^v Euene as they dyd in hygh Germany To the Emperour lewes of Bauerye.1550 W. Lynne tr. J. Carion Thre Bks. Cronicles iii. f. cxxviii Valerianus was wyth an hoost in hygh Germany [Ger. hoch Deudschland]..Probus had many and noble victoryes in lowe Germany [Ger. inn hoch vnd nidder Deudschland].

A. n.

1. A native or inhabitant of the highlands in the south of Germany; a speaker of High German (see sense A. 2).

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > native or inhabitant of Germany > [noun] > parts of

Easterling1253

Sprucier1443

Suevian1549

High German1550

Low German1550

Prussian1554

Lusatian1555

Westphalian1576

Borussian1607

Rhinelander1608

Eastman1610

Belgic1615

Franconian1615

Thuringian1618

Swab1637

spruce1640

Silesian1669

Swabian1675

palatinate1709

Hessian1729

Saxon1737

Austrasian1833

East German1838

Balt1854

West German1855

Württemberger1896

Sudeten1938

East German1947

West German1947

Saarlander1955

Ossi1989

Wessi1990

1550 W. Lynne tr. J. Carion Thre Bks. Cronicles iii. f. cxxix The Alemans were the hygh Germanes [Ger. die Hochdeudschen], whiche now are called Schwaben, Schweitzer & Baier.

1611 T. Middleton & T. Dekker Roaring Girle sig. E4^v A name which Ide teare out From the hye Germaines throat.

1693 T. Urquhart & P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais 3rd Bk. Wks. xlii. 349 The huff, snuff..swash-buckling High Germans.

1731 T. Stackhouse Refl. on Nature & Prop. of Langs. viii. 56 An Italian and a Frenchman are at first no way less Barbarous and Unintelligible to one another, than a Frenchman and a High German.

1770 in T. Nugent tr. E. Toze Present State Europe III. vii. 104 So often as the Low Germans (such as the ancient Saxons were) make use of the letter P. the High Germans convert it with a sort of aspiration, into PF.

1838 W. B. Winning Man. Compar. Philol. i. iii. 47 On the principle of Grimm's law, we exclude the Perso-Grecians, High Germans, and Goths, from among the earliest colonists of Italy.

1873 Once Week 26 Apr. 363/1 ‘Never shall thou say that thou hast a firmer friend than Ocean,’ a motto to which the High Germans could never heretofore lay claim.

1927 Wisconsin Mag. Hist. 10 439 The settlers about there were mainly High Germans from Hesse-Darmstadt.

1985 Social Sci. Hist. 9 251 Everyday Englishmen, Dutchmen, and High Germans came from very far away,..to buy immigrant servants in Philadelphia.

2004 D. J. Harreld (title) High Germans in the Low Countries: German merchants and commerce in golden age Antwerp.

2. The form of West Germanic language of those regions of Central and Upper Germany which can be opposed to the Low German dialect area.Its chief characteristic is that certain consonants have been altered by what is called the ‘second sound shift’ from their original Germanic sounds, which the other dialects in the main preserve.See also Middle High German n. at middle adj. and n. Compounds 1a, New High German n. at new adj. and n. Compounds 2a, Old High German n. at old adj. Compounds 7b.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Germanic > German > varieties of

High Dutch1560

High German1652

Swabian?1743

Alsatian1826

Varangian1831

Pennsylvania Dutch1848

Viennese1849

Pennsylvania German1853

Frankish1863

Tyroler1887

Limburger1932

1652 H. Bell in tr. M. Luther (title) Colloquia mensalia..translated out of the high Germane into the English tongue, by Capt. Henrie Bell.

1673 Answer to Two Lett. of T. B. 59 If you will be Ingenuous, you must Write to me next in Latine, Greek, Hebrew, Ethiopick, Spanish, French, High German, or any other Tongue I understand not, or else you lose a Play-Fellow of me.

1696 A. Gavin tr. J. Dubourdieu Hist. Diss. Thebean Legion i. 3 Duke Schomberg speaking High-German to one of the Guards of that Nation.

1756 Connoisseur No. 138. 833 The boars of Westphalia gruntle as expressively through the nose, as the inhabitants in High-German.

1795 J. Farington Diary 25 Dec. (1978) II. 455 In both these Countries High German is only learnt in Schools.

1838 Penny Cycl. XI. 192 The German or Teutonic language may be divided into two great branches..the High German, or the language of Southern Germany; and the Low German, or Saxon.

1872 R. Morris Hist. Outl. Eng. Accidence i. 5 Luther..made the High German the literary language of all German-speaking people.

1910 Encycl. Brit. XI. 779/2 The boundary-line between Low and High German..may roughly be indicated by the..place-names, on the understanding..that the Ripuarian dialect..is to be classed with High German.

1963 J. A. Hostetler Amish Society vi. 140 High German..is used exclusively for the preaching service and at formal ceremonial occasions.

1981 C. L. Schmid Confl. & Consensus in Switzerland ii. 29 While all German Swiss children learn high German in school, it is simply never used in ordinary conversation.

2010 R. H. Sanders German iii. 91 The -rih ending of the lance inscription is thought to be a consequence of a new sound shift and hence the earliest recorded word in High German.

B. adj.

1. Of or relating to the highlands in the south of Germany or to speakers of High German.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > native or inhabitant of Germany > [adjective] > parts of Germany

Suevical1560

Swevical1560

Prussian1565

Suevian1574

Thuringian1607

Franconian1608

Suevic1638

High German1640

Saxonic1647

Saxon1654

Swabian1684

Saxonian1761

Hanoverian1775

Low German1808

East German1849

West German1850

West German1946

Balt1954

1640 H. Glapthorne Wit in Constable i. sig. B2^v Walke like Faustus, Or some high German conjurer.

1665 B. Gerbier Subsidium Peregrinantibus 69 The two maine points, very much stood upon by the High German Nobility, a Princely Traveller having discoursed thereon.

1721 N. Amhurst Terræ-filius 8 Feb. His Fingers..will not suffer him to keep any Money between them, after he has got it there; as he once told an High-German Artist.

1767 ‘A. Barton’ Disappointment ii. i. 36 I liv'd with my uncle, at Germantown, a High-German doctor; who cou'd tell fortunes, detect lost maidenheads, lay spirits, raise the devil, find stolen goods, and discover hidden treasure.

1816 W. Scott Antiquary I. xiii. 288 This High German land-louper, Dousterswivel.

1883 R. Ferguson Surnames as Sci. iv. 74 While all the settlements in England must be taken to have been made by a Low German race, a large proportion of those in Germany must be taken to have been made by a High German people.

1921 Jrnl. Eng. & Germanic Philol. 20 321 The High German legend remembers Hagen as a murderer.

1994 S. Romaine Lang. in Society v. 135 This principle would predict, among other things, that all instances of /p/ in early Germanic would become /f/ all over the High German territory, regardless of the words these sounds occurred in.

2010 O. W. Robinson Grimm Lang. iii. 32 In much of the High German area, no simple preterite exists for this verb.

2. Spoken in the highlands in the south of Germany; belonging or relating to High German; written or spoken in High German.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [adjective] > Indo-European > Germanic > German > High or Low German

High Dutch1574

Low Dutch1597

High German1660

Low German1660

Pennsylvania German1866

1660 G. Havers tr. M. de Scudéry Clelia IV. ii. 155 His Amynta shall come in time to be translated into the French, Spanish, English, High and Low German Languages [Fr. en Flaman, & en Aleman].

1694 J. Crull Denmark Vindicated 32 I have..thought convenient to translate some Passages relating to this Point, out of the High German Tongue.

1733 Present State Republick Lett. 12 160 This curious Book is written in the High German Language, and printed for Matthias Adam Hoger.

1776 J. Hawkins Gen. Hist. Music III. i. v. 77 Sleidan asserts that he [sc. Luther] paraphrased in the High German language.

1801 German Museum May 366 The more generally the high German dialect was diffused by means of Luther's translation of the Bible, the more was also the low German language discontinued by the respective German authors.

1862 Amer. Jrnl. Educ. 11 435 [Caspar von] Stieler's chief production is his ‘Treasury of the German language’... To this he subjoined a ‘Brief manual of the High German grammar’.

1895 C. Thomas Pract. German Gram. 371 (heading) The High German shifting of consonants.

1933 M. R. Brailsford tr. H. Pinnow Hist. Germany 5 The High German permutation of consonants which set in in the seventh century A.D.

1986 B. Fussell I hear Amer. Cooking v. xxii. 392 Torte was a High German word for a baked cake.

2005 P. Rosenberg in P. Auer et al. Dial. Change ii. viii. 229 Today, High German noun inflection is, for the most part, restricted to the genitive singular and the plural.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	high german
释义	High Germann.adj. Brit. /ˌhʌɪ ˈdʒəːmən/, U.S. /ˌhaɪ ˈdʒərmən/ Forms: see high adj. and n.² and German n. and adj. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding; originally modelled on a German lexical item. Etymons: high adj., German n.; high adj., German adj. Etymology: As noun < high adj. + German n. As adjective < high adj. + German adj. Originally after German hochdeutsch (adjective) of or relating to the German-speaking regions south of the Main, of or relating to forms of the German language spoken in these regions, also specifically to the language of chancery underlying modern standard German (all 15th cent., also as noun; in modern philological use: J. Grimm Deutsche Grammatik I. (1819) xxvi., also as noun); compare Middle Low German hōchdǖdesch , in the same senses (late 15th cent., also as noun). Compare High Dutch n. and adj.. Compare also Low German n. and Low German adj.Compare †High Germany, as name of the broadly corresponding geographical area, after Middle Low German Hōchdǖtschlant southern Germany, especially areas not associated with the Hanseatic League, German †Hochdeutschland Germany south of the Main (15th cent.), probably ultimately after classical Latin Germānia superior, the name of a Roman province centred on the middle Rhine valley comprising parts of present-day south-west Germany, eastern France and Switzerland. Compare the following early examples in English contexts:1530 Proper Dyaloge Gentillman & Husbandman (new ed.) sig. Cvj^v Euene as they dyd in hygh Germany To the Emperour lewes of Bauerye.1550 W. Lynne tr. J. Carion Thre Bks. Cronicles iii. f. cxxviii Valerianus was wyth an hoost in hygh Germany [Ger. hoch Deudschland]..Probus had many and noble victoryes in lowe Germany [Ger. inn hoch vnd nidder Deudschland]. A. n. 1. A native or inhabitant of the highlands in the south of Germany; a speaker of High German (see sense A. 2). ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > native or inhabitant of Germany > [noun] > parts of Easterling1253 Sprucier1443 Suevian1549 High German1550 Low German1550 Prussian1554 Lusatian1555 Westphalian1576 Borussian1607 Rhinelander1608 Eastman1610 Belgic1615 Franconian1615 Thuringian1618 Swab1637 spruce1640 Silesian1669 Swabian1675 palatinate1709 Hessian1729 Saxon1737 Austrasian1833 East German1838 Balt1854 West German1855 Württemberger1896 Sudeten1938 East German1947 West German1947 Saarlander1955 Ossi1989 Wessi1990 1550 W. Lynne tr. J. Carion Thre Bks. Cronicles iii. f. cxxix The Alemans were the hygh Germanes [Ger. die Hochdeudschen], whiche now are called Schwaben, Schweitzer & Baier. 1611 T. Middleton & T. Dekker Roaring Girle sig. E4^v A name which Ide teare out From the hye Germaines throat. 1693 T. Urquhart & P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais 3rd Bk. Wks. xlii. 349 The huff, snuff..swash-buckling High Germans. 1731 T. Stackhouse Refl. on Nature & Prop. of Langs. viii. 56 An Italian and a Frenchman are at first no way less Barbarous and Unintelligible to one another, than a Frenchman and a High German. 1770 in T. Nugent tr. E. Toze Present State Europe III. vii. 104 So often as the Low Germans (such as the ancient Saxons were) make use of the letter P. the High Germans convert it with a sort of aspiration, into PF. 1838 W. B. Winning Man. Compar. Philol. i. iii. 47 On the principle of Grimm's law, we exclude the Perso-Grecians, High Germans, and Goths, from among the earliest colonists of Italy. 1873 Once Week 26 Apr. 363/1 ‘Never shall thou say that thou hast a firmer friend than Ocean,’ a motto to which the High Germans could never heretofore lay claim. 1927 Wisconsin Mag. Hist. 10 439 The settlers about there were mainly High Germans from Hesse-Darmstadt. 1985 Social Sci. Hist. 9 251 Everyday Englishmen, Dutchmen, and High Germans came from very far away,..to buy immigrant servants in Philadelphia. 2004 D. J. Harreld (title) High Germans in the Low Countries: German merchants and commerce in golden age Antwerp. 2. The form of West Germanic language of those regions of Central and Upper Germany which can be opposed to the Low German dialect area.Its chief characteristic is that certain consonants have been altered by what is called the ‘second sound shift’ from their original Germanic sounds, which the other dialects in the main preserve.See also Middle High German n. at middle adj. and n. Compounds 1a, New High German n. at new adj. and n. Compounds 2a, Old High German n. at old adj. Compounds 7b. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Germanic > German > varieties of High Dutch1560 High German1652 Swabian?1743 Alsatian1826 Varangian1831 Pennsylvania Dutch1848 Viennese1849 Pennsylvania German1853 Frankish1863 Tyroler1887 Limburger1932 1652 H. Bell in tr. M. Luther (title) Colloquia mensalia..translated out of the high Germane into the English tongue, by Capt. Henrie Bell. 1673 Answer to Two Lett. of T. B. 59 If you will be Ingenuous, you must Write to me next in Latine, Greek, Hebrew, Ethiopick, Spanish, French, High German, or any other Tongue I understand not, or else you lose a Play-Fellow of me. 1696 A. Gavin tr. J. Dubourdieu Hist. Diss. Thebean Legion i. 3 Duke Schomberg speaking High-German to one of the Guards of that Nation. 1756 Connoisseur No. 138. 833 The boars of Westphalia gruntle as expressively through the nose, as the inhabitants in High-German. 1795 J. Farington Diary 25 Dec. (1978) II. 455 In both these Countries High German is only learnt in Schools. 1838 Penny Cycl. XI. 192 The German or Teutonic language may be divided into two great branches..the High German, or the language of Southern Germany; and the Low German, or Saxon. 1872 R. Morris Hist. Outl. Eng. Accidence i. 5 Luther..made the High German the literary language of all German-speaking people. 1910 Encycl. Brit. XI. 779/2 The boundary-line between Low and High German..may roughly be indicated by the..place-names, on the understanding..that the Ripuarian dialect..is to be classed with High German. 1963 J. A. Hostetler Amish Society vi. 140 High German..is used exclusively for the preaching service and at formal ceremonial occasions. 1981 C. L. Schmid Confl. & Consensus in Switzerland ii. 29 While all German Swiss children learn high German in school, it is simply never used in ordinary conversation. 2010 R. H. Sanders German iii. 91 The -rih ending of the lance inscription is thought to be a consequence of a new sound shift and hence the earliest recorded word in High German. B. adj. 1. Of or relating to the highlands in the south of Germany or to speakers of High German. ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > native or inhabitant of Germany > [adjective] > parts of Germany Suevical1560 Swevical1560 Prussian1565 Suevian1574 Thuringian1607 Franconian1608 Suevic1638 High German1640 Saxonic1647 Saxon1654 Swabian1684 Saxonian1761 Hanoverian1775 Low German1808 East German1849 West German1850 West German1946 Balt1954 1640 H. Glapthorne Wit in Constable i. sig. B2^v Walke like Faustus, Or some high German conjurer. 1665 B. Gerbier Subsidium Peregrinantibus 69 The two maine points, very much stood upon by the High German Nobility, a Princely Traveller having discoursed thereon. 1721 N. Amhurst Terræ-filius 8 Feb. His Fingers..will not suffer him to keep any Money between them, after he has got it there; as he once told an High-German Artist. 1767 ‘A. Barton’ Disappointment ii. i. 36 I liv'd with my uncle, at Germantown, a High-German doctor; who cou'd tell fortunes, detect lost maidenheads, lay spirits, raise the devil, find stolen goods, and discover hidden treasure. 1816 W. Scott Antiquary I. xiii. 288 This High German land-louper, Dousterswivel. 1883 R. Ferguson Surnames as Sci. iv. 74 While all the settlements in England must be taken to have been made by a Low German race, a large proportion of those in Germany must be taken to have been made by a High German people. 1921 Jrnl. Eng. & Germanic Philol. 20 321 The High German legend remembers Hagen as a murderer. 1994 S. Romaine Lang. in Society v. 135 This principle would predict, among other things, that all instances of /p/ in early Germanic would become /f/ all over the High German territory, regardless of the words these sounds occurred in. 2010 O. W. Robinson Grimm Lang. iii. 32 In much of the High German area, no simple preterite exists for this verb. 2. Spoken in the highlands in the south of Germany; belonging or relating to High German; written or spoken in High German. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [adjective] > Indo-European > Germanic > German > High or Low German High Dutch1574 Low Dutch1597 High German1660 Low German1660 Pennsylvania German1866 1660 G. Havers tr. M. de Scudéry Clelia IV. ii. 155 His Amynta shall come in time to be translated into the French, Spanish, English, High and Low German Languages [Fr. en Flaman, & en Aleman]. 1694 J. Crull Denmark Vindicated 32 I have..thought convenient to translate some Passages relating to this Point, out of the High German Tongue. 1733 Present State Republick Lett. 12 160 This curious Book is written in the High German Language, and printed for Matthias Adam Hoger. 1776 J. Hawkins Gen. Hist. Music III. i. v. 77 Sleidan asserts that he [sc. Luther] paraphrased in the High German language. 1801 German Museum May 366 The more generally the high German dialect was diffused by means of Luther's translation of the Bible, the more was also the low German language discontinued by the respective German authors. 1862 Amer. Jrnl. Educ. 11 435 [Caspar von] Stieler's chief production is his ‘Treasury of the German language’... To this he subjoined a ‘Brief manual of the High German grammar’. 1895 C. Thomas Pract. German Gram. 371 (heading) The High German shifting of consonants. 1933 M. R. Brailsford tr. H. Pinnow Hist. Germany 5 The High German permutation of consonants which set in in the seventh century A.D. 1986 B. Fussell I hear Amer. Cooking v. xxii. 392 Torte was a High German word for a baked cake. 2005 P. Rosenberg in P. Auer et al. Dial. Change ii. viii. 229 Today, High German noun inflection is, for the most part, restricted to the genitive singular and the plural. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.1550
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