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单词 appreciation
释义

appreciationn.

Brit. /əˌpriːʃɪˈeɪʃn/, /əˌpriːsɪˈeɪʃn/, U.S. /əˌpriʃiˈeɪʃən/, /əˌprɪʃiˈeɪʃən/
Forms: late Middle English appreciacoun, 1600s–1800s appretiation, 1600s– appreciation.
Origin: Apparently a borrowing from French. Perhaps also partly formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: French appreciation ; appreciate v., -ion suffix1.
Etymology: Apparently originally < Anglo-Norman appreciacion, Anglo-Norman and Middle French appreciation (French appréciation ) appraisement, valuation (1333 or earlier in Anglo-Norman), evaluation (1389 in Middle French), probably < aprecier , apprecier (see appreciate v.) + -acion , -ation -ation suffix; compare later appreciate v. Subsequently perhaps reformed < appreciate v. + -ion suffix1; compare -ation suffix. Compare post-classical Latin appretiatio valuation, fixing of price (Vetus Latina), price, value (12th cent.), Portuguese apreciação (1659).
1. The action of setting a monetary value on something; valuation, appraisement; (also) a value set in this way, a valuation. Obsolete (chiefly Scots Law in later use).In quot. c1475: a price for performing religious services; money paid in simony.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > evaluation, estimation, appraisal > [noun] > so as to fix value
taxationc1325
estimation1382
appraising1430
valuing1434
stentc1460
appreciationc1475
prizement1481
sessinga1500
value1523
valuation1529
esteemc1547
estimate1565
appraisement1583
apprizement1605
pricea1616
appraisal1698
apprizing1754
evaluation1755
c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 52 To tak or ȝef temporal þing for goostly þing..is symonye. Weþer it be ȝeuen for þe sacrament, weþer for þe office. After þis word for notiþ or takiþ appreciacoun.
1681 J. Dalrymple Inst. Law Scotl. ii. xxiv. 37 Appryzing is an Appretiation and Judicial Vendition of the thing appryzed, from the Debitor to the Creditor.
1758 Ld. Kames Hist. Law-tracts II. x. 57 What can be expected but an unfair appretiation, always below the value of the goods poinded?
1799 J. Robertson Gen. View Agric. Perth 83 To take the sheep-stock off the outgoing tenant's hands by appreciation of arbiters.
1845 New Statist. Acct. Scotl. XIV. 397 The farm is valued by a competent judge..and is let..in some instances, even at less than the tenant has actually offered, and under the valuator's appreciation.
2.
a. The action or an act of assessing the nature or quality of something or someone; judgement, estimation.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > evaluation, estimation, appraisal > [noun]
weenc888
rightnessOE
steemc1330
sight1362
witc1374
emprisea1393
reputation?c1400
apprizingc1449
nick?a1450
vail1471
countc1475
opinionc1480
estimationc1522
meting1548
reckoning1548
valuation1548
computation1558
account1583
cess1588
esteem1598
appreciation1605
resentiment1606
repute1610
ratea1616
assessmenta1626
estimate1637
vote1639
supputation1643
compute1646
value1651
resentment1655
contemplation1673
critique1798
appraisement1808
appraisal1817
viewa1854
sizing up1967
chit1989
1605 T. Playfere Sick-mans Couch 35 According to a mans appretiation, and according to his intension.
a1677 T. Manton 190 Serm. on 119th Psalm (1681) xv. 85 The case is not to be decided by the intensiveness of the sensitive expression, so much as by the appretiation of the soul.
1769 London Mag. Nov. 553/2 Make the most liberal, and at the same time the most considerate appreciation of the wrongs those laws have sustained.
1780 H. Blair Serm. II. i. 10 The bulk of men are in nothing more capricious and inconsistent than in their appretiation of time.
1828 J. Conder Mod. Traveller: India II. 166 Lord Cornwallis, with a more just appreciation of the true character of the enemy, warmly resented the hesitation expressed to act upon his orders.
1864 G. Masson in Notes & Queries 411 He is..very severe in his appreciation of Buchanan.
1880 J. McCarthy Hist. our Own Times IV. lxvi. 500 Entirely mistaken in his appreciation of the condition of things.
1937 Life 26 July 11/3 (advt.) They study designing and clothes appreciation.
1968 B. England Figures in Landscape 153 MacConnachie settled back and tried to make a proper military appreciation of their situation.
1995 Minnesota Monthly Feb. 150/2 (advt.) Mr. Wesson, a master of teaching the finer points of food and wine appreciation.
b. A written or spoken assessment or review of a person, esp. a writer, or his or her work or achievements; esp. a favourable or positive one (cf. sense 3a).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > discernment, discrimination > criticism > [noun] > often favourable
appreciation1856
society > leisure > the arts > literature > literary and textual criticism > literary criticism > review or critique > [noun]
criticism1608
hypercritic1619
critique1647
review1649
review article1807
notice1835
appreciation1856
crit1908
1856 M. Pattison in Q. Rev. 99 411 In the last page he has written, in his small and fine hand, a short appreciation of the book and its author.
1889 W. Pater (title) Appreciations, with an essay on style.
1907 J. A. Hammerton (title) Stevensoniana: an anecdotal life and appreciation of R. L. Stevenson.
1939 A. Powell What's become of Waring? iii. 67 There had been a number of appreciations of his work in the literary papers.
1960 E. W. Hankamer & W. M. Newell tr. H. Barth Idea of Order 203 Among the older works, Ernest Kenan's brilliantly written appreciation of his Breton compatriot deserves mention.
2008 Daily Variety (Nexis) 29 Jan. 4 Former Guns N' Roses guitarist Slash delivering an appreciation of Jimi Hendrix.
3.
a. Approval, positive estimation; favourable recognition (of worth or excellence).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > [noun]
talec1175
daintya1250
price?a1300
accounta1393
recommendation1433
conceita1438
opiniona1450
tendershipc1460
regard?1533
sense1565
mense1567
sake1590
eye1597
consideration1598
esteem1611
choicea1616
recommends1623
value1637
appreciation1650
mass1942
1650 T. Fuller Pisgah-sight of Palestine ii. xii. 259 Not the intrinsecall worth of their tears, but Gods gracious appretiation of the sincerity thereof.
1672 T. Watson Plea for Godly 86 If God puts such a value and appretiation upon the righteous, they are highest in his esteem, let him be highest in theirs.
1779 Lady's Mag. May 227/2 If modesty, if delicacy, if cultivated mental parts have any appreciation, she must make any husband happy.
1838 Brit. Critic Oct. 301 So much of kind feeling towards his friends, so much appreciation and admiration of what is good and noble.
1893 G. B. Shaw in World 11 Oct. 24/2 I enjoyed it [sc. Utopia Limited] and..the majority of Savoyards will share my appreciation of it.
1938 C. Connolly Enemies of Promise xvi. 180 All charming people have something to conceal, usually their total dependence on the appreciation of others.
1975 B. Freeman Shantymen of Cache Lake v. 56 The men were on their feet shouting and clapping their appreciation.
2012 Guardian 9 June 30/4 The rediscovery and renewed appreciation for these Arabic perfume materials by western consumers.
b. Grateful recognition of kindness, a favour, etc.; gratitude.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > gratitude > [noun]
thankc888
thankfulness1552
gratitude1565
gratefulnessa1586
gratuity1614
resent1664
sensibilities1753
appreciation1824
1824 H. M. Jones Forged Note xxvii. 459 You will not, I hope, accuse me of ingratitude or a [lack of] proper appreciation of your kindness, when I say that I can never accept of any other favors than those you have already bestowed upon me.
1841 C. M. Sawyer Merchant's Widow 86 She was just about to express her grateful appreciation of his kindness.
1889 ‘M. Twain’ Connecticut Yankee xiv. 165 It was a grateful pleasure to emphasize my appreciation and sincere thankfulness with a good big financial lift.
1909 Daily Chron. 17 Mar. 9/3 We prefer gush, even though we know it to be insincere, to the curt thanks that are merely ‘manners’, not appreciation.
1945 E. Waugh Brideshead Revisited ii. i. 210 In token of her appreciation the chief purser had been asked to our party.
1978 C. Trillin Alice, let's Eat 93 When we're dressing to go to someone's house for dinner, Alice tries to persuade me that there are ways of showing appreciation to the hostess other than having thirds.
2006 Jrnl. Aesthetics & Art Crit. 64 450/2 A very warm word of appreciation is owed to some of my colleagues at Temple for offering a patient audience for the ideas developed here.
4. Originally U.S. An increase in value; (also) the fact or process of increasing in value. Frequently opposed to depreciation. Cf. appreciate v. 4a.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > money > value of money > [noun] > rise or increase in value
appreciation1777
capital appreciation1888
deflation1920
disinflation1947
upvaluation1953
1777 J. Adams Let. 6 Dec. in Wks. (1854) IX. 470 An act is necessary for allowing a depreciation or an appreciation, as the case may be, upon specialities.
1789 J. Morse Amer. Geogr. 120 Considered rather as an appreciation of Gold and Silver, than a depreciation of paper.
1829 Niles' Weekly Reg. 19 Dec. 267/2 Provisions, and especially flour, are often subject to sudden and considerable appreciation, thereby inducing pecuniary losses.
1883 G. J. Goschen in Times 20 Feb. 7 A considerable appreciation in the value of gold.
1920 I. Fisher Stabilizing Dollar 153 (note) The first figures available..show a marked appreciation of the rupee.
1974 M. J. Fry Afghan Econ. iii. 55 Even allowing for capital appreciation expected returns are far below the market interest rate.
2008 Guardian 11 Nov. 30/3 Asian governments intervened massively to buy dollars and resist market pressure for currency appreciation.
5. Clear or correct understanding; perception, recognition, esp. of subtleties or complexities.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > discernment, discrimination > [noun]
shedc950
skilla1200
skillwisenessa1200
doomc1374
subtilitya1398
subtiltyc1405
subtletya1425
dijudication1549
choice1583
decernment1586
quiddity1602
discerning1608
discernance1612
sensea1616
sense of things1648
tact1797
appreciation1810
kokum1848
1810 Encycl. Londinensis IV. 169/2 The acquisition of this knowledge, leads to an appreciation of the changes wrought in vegetable matter by different chemical agents.
1830 J. Conolly Inq. conc. Indications Insanity iv. 66 The practised musician has an appreciation of delicate sounds very different from that which is made by common ears.
1859 J. S. Mill On Liberty iii. 102 The appreciation of means towards an acknowledged end.
1879 C. King in Cassell's Techn. Educator IV. 113/1 A much better appreciation of the intricacies of the country.
1918 B. Tarkington Magnificent Ambersons i. 8 During the 'seventies there developed an appreciation of the necessity for a bathroom.
1937 J. H. Jeans Sci. & Music i. 5 Our appreciation of sound then becomes far keener and more critical.
1975 Verbatim Dec. 6/2 It's only a pity that the author's analytical perception of what is reprehensible in the language of others fails to extend to an appreciation of his own.
2011 Sunday Star-Times (Auckland, N.Z.) (Nexis) 17 July 4 These courses..give you a growing appreciation for subtlety, but they don't really teach you how to write.

Compounds

appreciation dinner n. U.S. a dinner given for a person in recognition of past services.
ΚΠ
1905 Philadelphia Inquirer 2 June 14/8 The Bell Telephone Company gave an 'appreciation dinner' to their advertising solicitors last evening at the Hotel Flanders.
1964 Mrs. L. B. Johnson White House Diary 30 Jan. (1970) 64 She told us about attending a Republican dinner for President Eisenhower—one of the appreciation dinners.
2007 J. D. Kahlo My Path through Life xxi. 154 The event was an appreciation dinner for committee members, who did so much.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2013; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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