hoastn.

/həʊst/

Forms: [Old English hwósta], Middle English–1800s host, Middle English, 1800s dialect hoost, (1500s–1800s hoste, hoist), 1600s– hoast, ( haust, 1800s hoarst).

Etymology: The Old English hwósta is not known to have survived in Middle English; the extant northern word (from 14th cent.) was apparently the cognate Old Norse hóste cough = Old Low German *hôsto (Middle Low German hôste, Middle Dutch hoeste, hoest, Low German hoost, hôst, Dutch hoest), Old High German huosto (Middle High German huoste, German husten) < Old Germanic *hwôston-, < a root *hwôs- (whence Old English hwésan < *hwôsjan to wheeze), pre-Germanic *kwōs-, kās-; compare Sanskrit kās to cough. It is possible that Old English hwósta may have survived dialectally; some writers refer to a dialect form, whoost, which would be its representative; and this, as in who, whoop, might become hoost, whence modern Shropshire 'oost.

Chiefly northern dialect.

A cough. In some English dialects used only of cattle.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > respiratory spasms > [noun] > coughing

hoasta1300

cough1377

coughing1398

hack1775

c1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 277/27 Tussis, hwosta.]

a1300 Cursor Mundi 534 Als aand with host in brest is spred.

14.. in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 708/2 Hec tussis, the host.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 248/2 Hoose, or cowghe (other MSS. host..hoost), tussis.

c1500 Roull's Cursing 47 in Laing Sel. Rem. Pop. Poetry Scot. Fflusix, hyvis, or huttit ill, Hoist, heidwark, or fawin ill.

a1510 G. Douglas King Hart ii. 455 Heidwerk, Hoist, and Parlasy, maid grit pay.

1562 W. Turner 2nd Pt. Herball f. 34 Mastik is good..for an old host or coughe.

a1605 A. Montgomerie Flyting with Polwart 302 The hunger, the hart-ill, and the hoist still thee hald.

1622 Course Conformitie 117 (Jam.) He that can swallow a camel..with~out an hoast.

a1651 D. Calderwood Hist. Kirk Scotl. (1678) 60 (Jam.) From the thirteenth of November..he became so feeble with a hoast.

1674 J. Ray N. Countrey Words in Coll. Eng. Words 24 An Haust or Hoste, a Dry Cough.

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. 172/1 The Cough, or Cold, and Shortness of Breath, or Hausts, an Inward Disease in Cows.

1773 Epitaph in Spectator (1884) 6 Sept. 1173 Of a cauld and a sair host, He died upon the Yorkshire coast.

1803 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 10 217 A great number of cats in Shrewsbury became seized with what is commonly called the Hoost.

1821 J. Galt Ann. Parish ii. 27 I gave them a sign by a loud host.

a1825 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia (1830) Hoist, a cough.

1863 E. C. Gaskell Sylvia's Lovers II. x. 164 I'll make him a treacle-posset; it's a famous thing for keeping off hoasts.

1879 G. F. Jackson Shropshire Word-bk. Hoost [oost], a cough: said of cattle.

1893 R. O. Heslop Northumberland Words Hoast, Hoist, a cough.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

hoastv.

Forms: [Old English hwóstan], Middle English–1800s host, (1500s hoyst, 1800s hoist), 1700s– hoast, (dialect huist).

Etymology: Old English hwóstan = Old Low German *hôstôn (Middle Low German hôsten , Middle Dutch hoesten ), Old High German huostôn (Middle High German huosten , German husten ), Old Norse hósta (Swedish hosta , Danish hoste ), < hoast n.: see hoast n. The existing northern word (known only from 15th cent.) appears to be the Old Norse word. Beside hoast, Scots has also the form huist, going back to hōst.

Chiefly northern dialect.

1. intransitive. To cough.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > respiratory spasms > have respiratory spasm [verb (intransitive)] > cough

coughc1325

hoastc1440

yoke1527

tussicate1598

hatch1733

hack1770

c1000 Sax. Leechd. II. 258 & hwostað [MS. hwosað] ge~lome.]

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 249/1 Hostyn, or rowhyn, or cowghyn,..tussio.

1483 Cath. Angl. 190/1 To Host, tussire.

1619 Life & Death P. Simsone (1845) 100 He hosted continually to his death.

c1750 in Ritson Scot. Songs (1794) II. 250 He hosts and he hirples the weary day lang.

1753 Extracts Trial J. Stewart in Scots Mag. July 342/2 Allan Breck came behind him, and hoasted.

a1825 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia (1830) Hoist, to cough.

1885 Queen 31 Jan. 111 That hobbling ‘hosting’ old woman who asks for human charity.

2. transitive. To cough up or out. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > respiratory spasms > have respiratory spasm [verb (transitive)] > cough up or out

hoast?1507

hema1616

?1507 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen (Rouen) in Poems (1998) I. 48 Ane..hair hogeart that hostit out flewme.

1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid xiii. i. 10 The Latyn pepyll..hostit owt full cleyr, Deip from thar brestis the hard sorow smart.

?a1600 ( R. Sempill Legend Bischop St. Androis in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xlv. 357 He hosted thair a hude full fra him.

a1796 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 265 And host up some palaver.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

单词	hoast
释义	hoastn. /həʊst/ Forms: [Old English hwósta], Middle English–1800s host, Middle English, 1800s dialect hoost, (1500s–1800s hoste, hoist), 1600s– hoast, ( haust, 1800s hoarst). Etymology: The Old English hwósta is not known to have survived in Middle English; the extant northern word (from 14th cent.) was apparently the cognate Old Norse hóste cough = Old Low German hôsto (Middle Low German hôste, Middle Dutch hoeste, hoest, Low German hoost, hôst, Dutch hoest), Old High German huosto* (Middle High German huoste, German husten) < Old Germanic hwôston-, < a root hwôs- (whence Old English hwésan < hwôsjan to wheeze), pre-Germanic kwōs-, kās-; compare Sanskrit kās to cough. It is possible that Old English hwósta may have survived dialectally; some writers refer to a dialect form, whoost, which would be its representative; and this, as in who, whoop, might become hoost, whence modern Shropshire 'oost. Chiefly northern dialect. A cough. In some English dialects used only of cattle. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > respiratory spasms > [noun] > coughing hoasta1300 cough1377 coughing1398 hack1775 c1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 277/27 Tussis, hwosta.] a1300 Cursor Mundi 534 Als aand with host in brest is spred. 14.. in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 708/2 Hec tussis, the host. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 248/2 Hoose, or cowghe (other MSS. host..hoost), tussis. c1500 Roull's Cursing 47 in Laing Sel. Rem. Pop. Poetry Scot. Fflusix, hyvis, or huttit ill, Hoist, heidwark, or fawin ill. a1510 G. Douglas King Hart ii. 455 Heidwerk, Hoist, and Parlasy, maid grit pay. 1562 W. Turner 2nd Pt. Herball f. 34 Mastik is good..for an old host or coughe. a1605 A. Montgomerie Flyting with Polwart 302 The hunger, the hart-ill, and the hoist still thee hald. 1622 Course Conformitie 117 (Jam.) He that can swallow a camel..with~out an hoast. a1651 D. Calderwood Hist. Kirk Scotl. (1678) 60 (Jam.) From the thirteenth of November..he became so feeble with a hoast. 1674 J. Ray N. Countrey Words in Coll. Eng. Words 24 An Haust or Hoste, a Dry Cough. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. 172/1 The Cough, or Cold, and Shortness of Breath, or Hausts, an Inward Disease in Cows. 1773 Epitaph in Spectator (1884) 6 Sept. 1173 Of a cauld and a sair host, He died upon the Yorkshire coast. 1803 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 10 217 A great number of cats in Shrewsbury became seized with what is commonly called the Hoost. 1821 J. Galt Ann. Parish ii. 27 I gave them a sign by a loud host. a1825 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia (1830) Hoist, a cough. 1863 E. C. Gaskell Sylvia's Lovers II. x. 164 I'll make him a treacle-posset; it's a famous thing for keeping off hoasts. 1879 G. F. Jackson Shropshire Word-bk. Hoost [oost], a cough: said of cattle. 1893 R. O. Heslop Northumberland Words Hoast, Hoist, a cough. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online December 2020). hoastv. Forms: [Old English hwóstan], Middle English–1800s host, (1500s hoyst, 1800s hoist), 1700s– hoast, (dialect huist). Etymology: Old English hwóstan = Old Low German hôstôn (Middle Low German hôsten* , Middle Dutch hoesten ), Old High German huostôn (Middle High German huosten , German husten ), Old Norse hósta (Swedish hosta , Danish hoste ), < hoast n.: see hoast n. The existing northern word (known only from 15th cent.) appears to be the Old Norse word. Beside hoast, Scots has also the form huist, going back to hōst. Chiefly northern dialect. 1. intransitive. To cough. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > respiratory spasms > have respiratory spasm [verb (intransitive)] > cough coughc1325 hoastc1440 yoke1527 tussicate1598 hatch1733 hack1770 c1000 Sax. Leechd. II. 258 & hwostað [MS. hwosað] ge~lome.] c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 249/1 Hostyn, or rowhyn, or cowghyn,..tussio. 1483 Cath. Angl. 190/1 To Host, tussire. 1619 Life & Death P. Simsone (1845) 100 He hosted continually to his death. c1750 in Ritson Scot. Songs (1794) II. 250 He hosts and he hirples the weary day lang. 1753 Extracts Trial J. Stewart in Scots Mag. July 342/2 Allan Breck came behind him, and hoasted. a1825 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia (1830) Hoist, to cough. 1885 Queen 31 Jan. 111 That hobbling ‘hosting’ old woman who asks for human charity. 2. transitive. To cough up or out. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > respiratory spasms > have respiratory spasm [verb (transitive)] > cough up or out hoast?1507 hema1616 ?1507 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen (Rouen) in Poems (1998) I. 48 Ane..hair hogeart that hostit out flewme. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid xiii. i. 10 The Latyn pepyll..hostit owt full cleyr, Deip from thar brestis the hard sorow smart. ?a1600 ( R. Sempill Legend Bischop St. Androis in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xlv. 357 He hosted thair a hude full fra him. a1796 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 265 And host up some palaver. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < n.a1300v.c1440
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