aristocracyn.

/arɪˈstɒkrəsi/

Forms: Also 1500s–1600s -cratie, -y.

Etymology: < Latin aristocratia, Greek ἀριστοκρατία, < ἄριστος best + -κρατία rule. Compare French aristocracie (14th cent.).

In earlier usage generally contrasted with monarchy; since the French Revolution, with democracy.

1. In the literal sense of the Greek: The government of a state by its best citizens. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > rule of any class or persons > [noun] > of the best people

aristocracy1561

aristo-monarchy1660

1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour i. ii. sig. Avi^v In the greke tonge called Aristocratia..in englisshe the rule of men of beste disposition.]

1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. Table Aristocracy [is] the government of the best choisest men.

?1637 T. Hobbes tr. Aristotle Briefe Art Rhetorique i. 29 Aristocracy is that, wherein the highest Magistrate is chosen out of those, that had the best education.

1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall (1846) IV. xlv. 257 A perfect aristocracy of reason and virtue.

1850 T. Carlyle Latter-day Pamphlets iii. 41 The attainment of a truer and truer Aristocracy, or Government again by the Best.

†2. concrete. A ruling body of the best citizens.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > rule of any class or persons > ruling class or group > [noun] > of the best people

aristocracy1607

1607 B. Jonson Volpone iv. iii. sig. I4^v If the Senate Right not my quest, in this; I will protest 'hem, To all the world, no Aristocracye .

a. That form of government in which the chief power lies in the hands of those who are most distinguished by birth or fortune; political supremacy of a privileged order; oligarchy.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > rule of any class or persons > [noun] > of the upper classes

oligarchy1542

aristocracy1577

optimacy1595

ottimacy1595

1577 H. I. tr. H. Bullinger 50 Godlie Serm. I. ii. vi. sig. L.v/2 The Aristocracie is the superiour power of a few Peeres.

1624 P. Massinger Bond-man i. iii. sig. C To change the Aristocracie of Corinth Into an absolute Monarchy.

1701 Bp. Lloyd Marg. Readg. to Gen. xxxvi. 39 After his death was an aristocracy.

1781 J. Adams Let. in G. Bancroft Hist. U.S. (1874) X. xxi. 453 Despotisms, monarchies, and aristocracies must conform to them.

b. A state having this form of government.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > a or the state > [noun] > state ruled by upper classes

optimacy1595

aristocracy1603

1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 72 Those States which be called Aristocraties..governed by a Senate or Counsel of the greatest men.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) The Republick of Venice is an Aristocracy.

1865 Pall Mall Gaz. 29 Sept. 1/2 If by an aristocracy we mean..a country in which distinguished birth, inherited wealth, and education, are the chief titles to political power.

4. concrete. A ruling body of nobles, an oligarchy.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > rule of any class or persons > ruling class or group > [noun] > of the upper classes

aristocracy1611

1611 T. Coryate Crudities sig. Ff7^v I cannot informe thee of their aristocratie [of Switzerland].

1660 R. Coke Elements Power & Subjection 55 in Justice Vindicated Aristocracy is when a company of men met in Councel, ascribe to themselves whatsoever power is due to any rightful monarch..Such were the Roman Senate, and Ephori of Lacedæmon.

1719 R. Steele To Earl Oxford 322 The aristocracy over these dominions.

5. [This passes gradually into:] The class to which such a ruling body belongs, a patrician order; the collective body of those who form a privileged class with regard to the government of their country; the nobles. The term is popularly extended to include all those who by birth or fortune occupy a position distinctly above the rest of the community, and is also used figuratively of those who are superior in other respects.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social class > nobility > aristocracy or upper class > [noun]

optimacy1579

aristocracy1651

great world1699

peerage1725

well-connected1788

governing class1795

patriciate1795

well-connected1831

caste1842

(the) salt of the earth1842

the leisured class(es1848

japonicadom1851

countyocracy1859

masterclass1861

proprietariat1872

four hundred1888

the Establishment1923

gratin1934

power élite1942

U1954

upper1955

topside1958

the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > pre-eminence > [noun] > chief of its or his kind > collectively

aristocracy1861

1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xix. 98 Aristocracie..an Assembly of certain persons nominated, or otherwise distinguished from the rest.

1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations II. v. iii. 584 No oppressive aristocracy has ever prevailed in the colonies.

1795 in Trans. Philol. Soc. (1858) 52 [The Attorney-General in Horne Tooke's trial says] To the rich was given the name aristocracy.

1839 H. Hallam Introd. Lit. Europe II. iv. 212 The distinguishing characteristic of an aristocracy is the enjoyment of privileges, which are not communicable to other citizens simply by any thing they can themselves do to obtain them.

1843 F. E. Paget Warden of Berkingholt 74 A test of what our Aristocracy do in proportion to their means.

1845 B. Disraeli Sybil I. ii. xi. 242 There is no longer in fact an aristocracy in England, for the superiority of the animal man is an essential quality of aristocracy.

1861 J. S. Mill Utilitarianism (1864) 95 So it will be..with the aristocracies of colour, race, and sex.

1866 J. E. T. Rogers Hist. Agric. & Prices Introd. Our aristocracy and gentry date, on the whole, from the days of Henry the Eighth.

1881 J. R. Seeley in Macmillan's Mag. 45 47/1 From the democracy of readers..appeal must be made to the aristocracy of students, to those who make a business of knowledge.

6. = aristocraticism n.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > pride > haughtiness or disdainfulness > [noun]

highnesseOE

orgelnessOE

orgelOE

orgula1200

hautainesse1297

deignoushedec1330

daina1400

hautesse1399

hautainetya1450

orgulitya1470

courage1484

haughtness1489

stateliness1509

stomacha1513

heighta1525

stiffness1526

fastidie1536

disdainfulness1548

loftiness1548

fastidiousness?1555

haughtiness1555

high-mindedness1571

squeamishness1580

hichtiness1596

morguec1598

signory1598

superciliosity1606

overliness1610

superciliousness1622

excelsity1623

hauteura1628

cavalierism1643

supercilium1657

condescendency1667

supercile1679

uncondescension1681

superbness1682

fastidiosity1704

condescension1752

aristocratism1792

aristocracy1822

patricianism1826

touch-me-not-ishness1836

cavalierishness1860

patronization1944

1822 Ld. Byron Let. 4 May (1979) IX. 155 My aristocracy, which is very fierce, makes him a favourite of mine.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

单词	aristocracy
释义	aristocracyn. /arɪˈstɒkrəsi/ Forms: Also 1500s–1600s -cratie, -y. Etymology: < Latin aristocratia, Greek ἀριστοκρατία, < ἄριστος best + -κρατία rule. Compare French aristocracie (14th cent.). In earlier usage generally contrasted with monarchy; since the French Revolution, with democracy. 1. In the literal sense of the Greek: The government of a state by its best citizens. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > rule of any class or persons > [noun] > of the best people aristocracy1561 aristo-monarchy1660 1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour i. ii. sig. Avi^v In the greke tonge called Aristocratia..in englisshe the rule of men of beste disposition.] 1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. Table Aristocracy [is] the government of the best choisest men. ?1637 T. Hobbes tr. Aristotle Briefe Art Rhetorique i. 29 Aristocracy is that, wherein the highest Magistrate is chosen out of those, that had the best education. 1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall (1846) IV. xlv. 257 A perfect aristocracy of reason and virtue. 1850 T. Carlyle Latter-day Pamphlets iii. 41 The attainment of a truer and truer Aristocracy, or Government again by the Best. †2. concrete. A ruling body of the best citizens. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > rule of any class or persons > ruling class or group > [noun] > of the best people aristocracy1607 1607 B. Jonson Volpone iv. iii. sig. I4^v If the Senate Right not my quest, in this; I will protest 'hem, To all the world, no Aristocracye . View more context for this quotation 3. a. That form of government in which the chief power lies in the hands of those who are most distinguished by birth or fortune; political supremacy of a privileged order; oligarchy. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > rule of any class or persons > [noun] > of the upper classes oligarchy1542 aristocracy1577 optimacy1595 ottimacy1595 1577 H. I. tr. H. Bullinger 50 Godlie Serm. I. ii. vi. sig. L.v/2 The Aristocracie is the superiour power of a few Peeres. 1624 P. Massinger Bond-man i. iii. sig. C To change the Aristocracie of Corinth Into an absolute Monarchy. 1701 Bp. Lloyd Marg. Readg. to Gen. xxxvi. 39 After his death was an aristocracy. 1781 J. Adams Let. in G. Bancroft Hist. U.S. (1874) X. xxi. 453 Despotisms, monarchies, and aristocracies must conform to them. b. A state having this form of government. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > a or the state > [noun] > state ruled by upper classes optimacy1595 aristocracy1603 1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 72 Those States which be called Aristocraties..governed by a Senate or Counsel of the greatest men. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) The Republick of Venice is an Aristocracy. 1865 Pall Mall Gaz. 29 Sept. 1/2 If by an aristocracy we mean..a country in which distinguished birth, inherited wealth, and education, are the chief titles to political power. 4. concrete. A ruling body of nobles, an oligarchy. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > rule of any class or persons > ruling class or group > [noun] > of the upper classes aristocracy1611 1611 T. Coryate Crudities sig. Ff7^v I cannot informe thee of their aristocratie [of Switzerland]. 1660 R. Coke Elements Power & Subjection 55 in Justice Vindicated Aristocracy is when a company of men met in Councel, ascribe to themselves whatsoever power is due to any rightful monarch..Such were the Roman Senate, and Ephori of Lacedæmon. 1719 R. Steele To Earl Oxford 322 The aristocracy over these dominions. 5. [This passes gradually into:] The class to which such a ruling body belongs, a patrician order; the collective body of those who form a privileged class with regard to the government of their country; the nobles. The term is popularly extended to include all those who by birth or fortune occupy a position distinctly above the rest of the community, and is also used figuratively of those who are superior in other respects. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social class > nobility > aristocracy or upper class > [noun] optimacy1579 aristocracy1651 great world1699 peerage1725 well-connected1788 governing class1795 patriciate1795 well-connected1831 caste1842 (the) salt of the earth1842 the leisured class(es1848 japonicadom1851 countyocracy1859 masterclass1861 proprietariat1872 four hundred1888 the Establishment1923 gratin1934 power élite1942 U1954 upper1955 topside1958 the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > pre-eminence > [noun] > chief of its or his kind > collectively aristocracy1861 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xix. 98 Aristocracie..an Assembly of certain persons nominated, or otherwise distinguished from the rest. 1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations II. v. iii. 584 No oppressive aristocracy has ever prevailed in the colonies. 1795 in Trans. Philol. Soc. (1858) 52 [The Attorney-General in Horne Tooke's trial says] To the rich was given the name aristocracy. 1839 H. Hallam Introd. Lit. Europe II. iv. 212 The distinguishing characteristic of an aristocracy is the enjoyment of privileges, which are not communicable to other citizens simply by any thing they can themselves do to obtain them. 1843 F. E. Paget Warden of Berkingholt 74 A test of what our Aristocracy do in proportion to their means. 1845 B. Disraeli Sybil I. ii. xi. 242 There is no longer in fact an aristocracy in England, for the superiority of the animal man is an essential quality of aristocracy. 1861 J. S. Mill Utilitarianism (1864) 95 So it will be..with the aristocracies of colour, race, and sex. 1866 J. E. T. Rogers Hist. Agric. & Prices Introd. Our aristocracy and gentry date, on the whole, from the days of Henry the Eighth. 1881 J. R. Seeley in Macmillan's Mag. 45 47/1 From the democracy of readers..appeal must be made to the aristocracy of students, to those who make a business of knowledge. 6. = aristocraticism n. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > pride > haughtiness or disdainfulness > [noun] highnesseOE orgelnessOE orgelOE orgula1200 hautainesse1297 deignoushedec1330 daina1400 hautesse1399 hautainetya1450 orgulitya1470 courage1484 haughtness1489 stateliness1509 stomacha1513 heighta1525 stiffness1526 fastidie1536 disdainfulness1548 loftiness1548 fastidiousness?1555 haughtiness1555 high-mindedness1571 squeamishness1580 hichtiness1596 morguec1598 signory1598 superciliosity1606 overliness1610 superciliousness1622 excelsity1623 hauteura1628 cavalierism1643 supercilium1657 condescendency1667 supercile1679 uncondescension1681 superbness1682 fastidiosity1704 condescension1752 aristocratism1792 aristocracy1822 patricianism1826 touch-me-not-ishness1836 cavalierishness1860 patronization1944 1822 Ld. Byron Let. 4 May (1979) IX. 155 My aristocracy, which is very fierce, makes him a favourite of mine. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < n.1561
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