hetmann.

Brit.

/ˈhɛtmən/, U.S.

/ˈhɛtmən/

Forms: Also 1700s hettman, 1800s attaman, 1800s– ataman.

Etymology: < Polish hetman captain, commander = Bohemian hejtman, Little Russian hetman (Russian ataman). Believed to be derived < German hauptmann captain, apparently through early modern German heubtmann and Bohemian heitman.

A captain or military commander in Poland and countries formerly united or subject to it; whence subsequently retained as a title among the Cossacks.Under the suzerainty of Poland, 1592–1654, ‘the hetman of the Cossacks’ was a semi-independent prince or viceroy. His title and authority were at first continued after the acceptance of Russian suzerainty by the Cossacks in 1654; but the power and privileges of the office were gradually curtailed and abolished. In the late 19th cent. the title ‘Hetman (ataman) of all the Cossacks’ was an appanage of the Cesarevitch, who was represented by a ‘hetman by delegation’, for each of the territorial divisions. Subordinate Cossack chiefs had also the title (ataman).

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > leader or commander > [noun] > of specific forces

praetor?a1439

aga1542

emir1542

imperator1590

crownerc1600

ban1614

sardar1615

duke1652

dey1656

hetman1710

stratopedarch1788

commandant1791

tuchun1917

war-lord1922

myriarch1949

1710 C. Whitworth Acct. Russia (1758) 19 Every town is like a little common-wealth, and has its own Hetman, or Captain, chosen yearly.

1753 J. Hanway Hist. Acct. Brit. Trade Caspian Sea II. xxiii. 133 His brother..is now hetman of the Cossacks in the Ukraine..This is a kind of vice-royalty, and is..the most lucrative of any employment in the empire.

1799 W. Tooke View Russ. Empire I. 400 This submission [to Russia] took place in the year 1654 under the hetman Bogdan Chmelnitzki.

1799 W. Tooke View Russ. Empire I. 403 The insignia of the hetman are, the truncheon, the national standard, the horse-tail, kettle-drums, and the national signet.

1819 Ld. Byron Mazeppa iii. 56 The Ukraine's hetman, calm and bold.

1835 Court Mag. 6 82/1 ‘We may not do this,’ replied one of the Cossacks, ‘without the consent of our Ataman.’

1837 Penny Cycl. VIII. 79/1 In 1592, Stephen Bathory, the king of [Poland]..appointed an Attaman or Hetman as chief over them [Cossacks].

1894 Daily News 23 Oct. 5/3 The Czar's Body Regiment of Cossacks..received a congratulatory telegram from the Czar..‘I drink with your hetman (the Cezarewitch) the health of the regiment’.

1920 Glasgow Herald 18 Aug. 7 The Ataman of the Don Cossacks.

1924 Blackwood's Mag. Feb. 171/2 The Ataman had been waiting a mile away..for the last of the attacking party to come in.

1950 E. H. Carr Bolshevik Revol. I. 294 At the head of each community was an elected ataman.

Derivatives

ˈhetmanate n.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > leader or commander > [noun] > of specific forces > office or status of

hetmanate1879

hetmanship1881

Sirdarship1898

warlordship1913

tu-chunate1923

1879 Encycl. Brit. X. 6/1 During the hetmanate it had fortifications of which traces are still extant.

ˈhetmanship n.

ΘΚΠ