arithmeticn.¹

/əˈrɪθmɪtɪk/

Forms: Middle English arsmetike, Middle English arsmetique, Middle English arsmetyk, ars metrik(e, Middle English–1500s arsmetrik(e, Middle English arsmetryk(e, arsmetrique, arsmatryk, arce metrik, 1500s arsmetrycke, arsemetricke; Middle English arismetrik; 1500s arithmetryk, arithmetricke, arithmetike, arithmetique, 1500s–1600s arithmatick(e, arithmatique, arithmeticke, 1500s–1700s arithmetick, 1600s arithmetic.

Etymology: originally < Old French arismetique, < Provençal arismetica , late Latin arismetica , for Latin arithmētica , < Greek ἡ ἀριθμητική (sc. τέχνη ) the art of counting, < ἀριθμεῖν to number, count, reckon, < ἀριθμός number. Referred in Middle English to Latin ars metrica ‘art of measure,’ and made into arsmetrike , the common form from 14th to 16th centuries, which was gradually corrected, through arismetrik in Caxton, arithmetricke in Sir T. More, to arithmetyke in Recorde 1543. In 16th cent. it was also sometimes conformed in ending to mathematick , and to geometry : see arsmetry n.

1. The science of numbers; the art of computation by figures.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > arithmetic > [noun]

arithmeticc1305

numbera1398

calking1398

arsmetryc1454

arith.1600

ciphering1611

epilogisma1646

logistic1656

tale-craft1674

denumeration1851

sums1877

arithmic1879

Peano arithmetic1903

c1305 St. Edmund in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 77 Arsmetrike is a lore: þat of figours al is.

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 792 Egipte clerkes..hem lerede witterlike Astronomige and arsmetike.

c1386 G. Chaucer Knight's Tale 1040 That geometry or arsmetrike can [v.r. Ars Metrik(e, arsmetrik, arce metrik].

c1400 Cov. Myst. 189 Also of augrym and of asmatryk.

1477 Earl Rivers tr. Dictes or Sayengis Philosophhres (Caxton) (1877) lf. 52 Arismetrik & astrologie.

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. clxxxxi The .vii. Artes or Scyences Lyberall, As first Grammer, Logyke, Rethoryke, Musyke, Arsmetyke, Gemetry, and Astronomye.

1528 T. More Dialogue Heresyes i, in Wks. 111/1 Arithmetricke meete for marchauntes.

1530 J. Rastell New Bk. Purgatory ii. xix. sig. e2 Methematycall scyens as geometrye, arithmetryk.

1542 R. Record Ground of Artes (1640) 6 Bothe names are corruptly writen: Arsmetrike for Arithmetyke, as the Grekes call it, and Awgrym for Algorisme, as Arabyans sounde it.

1589 ‘Pasquill of England’ Returne of Pasquill sig. Biij [It] multiplies..by Arithmaticke, it makes a thousand of one.

1596 T. Nashe Haue with you to Saffron-Walden sig. G3^v These roguish Arsmetrique gibbets or flesh-hookes, and cyphers or round oos.

1669 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. I i. ii. 16 Arithmetic..is supposed to have been first invented by the Phenicians.

1751 J. Harris Hermes ii. v. 295 Arithmetic is excellent for gauging of Liquors.

1850 T. Carlyle Latter-day Pamphlets vi. 27 Is arithmetic,—a thing more fixed by the Eternal, than the laws of justice are?

2. Arithmetical knowledge, computation, reckoning.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > arithmetic > [noun] > knowledge of

arithmetica1616

a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) iii. i. 244 But now 'tis oddes beyond Arithmetick .

1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 549. ¶1 Such innumerable Articles, that I want Arithmetic to cast them up.

1807 W. Wordsworth Sonn. to Liberty i. xxiv What if our numbers barely could defy The arithmetic of babes.

3. A treatise on computation.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > arithmetic > [noun] > treatise on

arithmology?1573

arithmetic1623

1623 J. Johnson (title) Iohnsons Arithmatick.

1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 92. ¶5 I would advise all young Wives to make themselves Mistresses of Wingate's Arithmetick.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

arithmeticadj.n.²

Forms: 1600s arithmetick.

Etymology: < French arithmétique, or < Latin arithmēticus : see arithmetical adj.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: arithˈmetic.

A. adj.

a. = arithmetical adj. arithmetic mean, arithmetic progression: = arithmetical mean, etc., at arithmetical adj. arithmetic shift: a shift (shift n. 14h which makes provision for retaining a sign bit and allows for the possible loss of digits by truncation or overflow.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > arithmetic > [adjective]

arithmetical1553

arithmetic1673

arith.1687

algorismic1847

arithmological1882

the world > relative properties > number > arithmetic or algebraic operations > [noun] > mean

meanc1450

medium1573

mediety1598

mediocrity1726

arithmetical mean1798

arithmetic mean1866

root-mean-square1895

mid-range1902

the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > numerical arrangement > [noun] > set > sequence > progression

progressionc1450

arithmetical progression1553

geometrical progression1557

geometric progression1696

geometric ratio1736

arithmetical ratio1798

geometrical ratio1798

arithmetic progression1886

harmonic series1964

society > computing and information technology > hardware > [noun] > primary storage or main memory > register > operation on

shift1946

arithmetic shift1963

1673 Morland (title) Description and Use of two Arithmetic Instruments.

1768 S. Horsley in Philos. Trans. 1767 (Royal Soc.) 57 399 The semi-circle being a mean arithmetic between AC and ABC.

1866 W. Odling Lect. Animal Chem. 151 The proportional number of bromine is intermediate between those of chlorine and iodine, and..approximates very closely to the true arithmetic mean.

1886 G. Chrystal Algebra I. i. xx. 466 An Arithmetic Series, or an Arithmetic Progression, as it is often called, is a series in which each term exceeds the preceding by a fixed quantity, called the common difference.

1901 Beman & Smith tr. K. Fink Brief Hist. Math. 96 Among the Italians of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries..the course of an arithmetic operation was expressed entirely in words.

1951 Proc. IRE 39 272/1 Arithmetic element, that part of a computer which performs arithmetic operations.

1954 T. W. Chaundy et al. Printing of Math. 64 In changing practice some mathematical terms have shortened. Thus we say ‘convergence’ rather than ‘convergency’; ‘algebraic’, ‘geometric’ generally replace ‘algebraical’,‘geometrical’, and even ‘arithmétic’ (so accented), can be an adjective as in ‘arithmetic mean’.

1960 Communications ACM 3 301/2 Delimiters..<operator> :: = <arithmetic operator>|<relational operator>|<logical operator>|<sequential operator>.

1963 KDF9 Programming Man. (Eng. Electric Leo Computers Ltd.) 108 Arithmetic shifts are designed to deal with numbers only.

1965 C. H. Springer et al. Adv. Methods & Models iii. 69 Any sequence of n numbers in which each term differs from the preceding term by a constant amount is called an arithmetic progression.

1972 M. Kline Math. Thought iii. 32 If p and q are two numbers..the harmonic mean H..is the reciprocal of the arithmetic mean of 1/p and 1/q.

1980 C. S. French Computer Sci. xxiv. 174 Arithmetic shifts ie moving bits in registers either left or right in order to multiply or divide.

1984 Which Micro? Dec. 31/2 Full range of arithmetic and relational operators.

b. arithmetic (and logic or logical) unit: a unit in a computer which carries out arithmetical and logical operations; abbrev. ALU (ALU n. at A n. Initialisms).

ΘΚΠ

society > computing and information technology > hardware > [noun] > central processing unit > arithmetic and logic unit

arithmetic (and logic or logical) unit1946

ALU1956

1946 J. P. Eckert in Theory & Techniques Design Electronic Digital Computers (Univ. Penn.) (1947) I. x. 16 When successively adding several numbers, it is possible to hold the sum in the arithmetic unit.

1962 Automatic Data Processing Gloss. (U.S. Bureau of Budget) 2/2 ALU, Arithmetic and Logical Unit.

1969 P. B. Jordain Condensed Computer Encycl. 32 The arithmetic unit performs the bulk of the internal processing commands of a computer.

1977 Sci. Amer. Sept. 88/2 The arithmetic and logic unit (ALU), as its name implies, contains devices such as adders for arithmetic and logic operations on data received over the bus.

1984 I. R. Whitworth 16-bit Microprocessors i. 2 An 8-bit arithmetic-and-logic unit (ALU) operates upon arguments held in programmer-accessible registers or accumulators.

†B. n.²

[Compare Italian arithmetico.] An arithmetician. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > [noun] > one who works with numbers

accountera1400

arithmetician1557

reckonmaster1570

computator1591

summer1598

computer1613

counter-castera1616

computant1621

accountant1622

logistic1633

numerist1646

cipherera1648

arithmetic1652

computor1669

figure-caster1831

cruncher1971

1652 J. Gaule Πυς-μαντια 178 The Cabalistical Rabbins, the Greek Arithmeticks.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1972; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

单词	arithmetic
释义	arithmeticn.¹ /əˈrɪθmɪtɪk/ Forms: Middle English arsmetike, Middle English arsmetique, Middle English arsmetyk, ars metrik(e, Middle English–1500s arsmetrik(e, Middle English arsmetryk(e, arsmetrique, arsmatryk, arce metrik, 1500s arsmetrycke, arsemetricke; Middle English arismetrik; 1500s arithmetryk, arithmetricke, arithmetike, arithmetique, 1500s–1600s arithmatick(e, arithmatique, arithmeticke, 1500s–1700s arithmetick, 1600s arithmetic. Etymology: originally < Old French arismetique, < Provençal arismetica , late Latin arismetica , for Latin arithmētica , < Greek ἡ ἀριθμητική (sc. τέχνη ) the art of counting, < ἀριθμεῖν to number, count, reckon, < ἀριθμός number. Referred in Middle English to Latin ars metrica ‘art of measure,’ and made into arsmetrike , the common form from 14th to 16th centuries, which was gradually corrected, through arismetrik in Caxton, arithmetricke in Sir T. More, to arithmetyke in Recorde 1543. In 16th cent. it was also sometimes conformed in ending to mathematick , and to geometry : see arsmetry n. 1. The science of numbers; the art of computation by figures. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > arithmetic > [noun] arithmeticc1305 numbera1398 calking1398 arsmetryc1454 arith.1600 ciphering1611 epilogisma1646 logistic1656 tale-craft1674 denumeration1851 sums1877 arithmic1879 Peano arithmetic1903 c1305 St. Edmund in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 77 Arsmetrike is a lore: þat of figours al is. a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 792 Egipte clerkes..hem lerede witterlike Astronomige and arsmetike. c1386 G. Chaucer Knight's Tale 1040 That geometry or arsmetrike can [v.r. Ars Metrik(e, arsmetrik, arce metrik]. c1400 Cov. Myst. 189 Also of augrym and of asmatryk. 1477 Earl Rivers tr. Dictes or Sayengis Philosophhres (Caxton) (1877) lf. 52 Arismetrik & astrologie. a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. clxxxxi The .vii. Artes or Scyences Lyberall, As first Grammer, Logyke, Rethoryke, Musyke, Arsmetyke, Gemetry, and Astronomye. 1528 T. More Dialogue Heresyes i, in Wks. 111/1 Arithmetricke meete for marchauntes. 1530 J. Rastell New Bk. Purgatory ii. xix. sig. e2 Methematycall scyens as geometrye, arithmetryk. 1542 R. Record Ground of Artes (1640) 6 Bothe names are corruptly writen: Arsmetrike for Arithmetyke, as the Grekes call it, and Awgrym for Algorisme, as Arabyans sounde it. 1589 ‘Pasquill of England’ Returne of Pasquill sig. Biij [It] multiplies..by Arithmaticke, it makes a thousand of one. 1596 T. Nashe Haue with you to Saffron-Walden sig. G3^v These roguish Arsmetrique gibbets or flesh-hookes, and cyphers or round oos. 1669 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. I i. ii. 16 Arithmetic..is supposed to have been first invented by the Phenicians. 1751 J. Harris Hermes ii. v. 295 Arithmetic is excellent for gauging of Liquors. 1850 T. Carlyle Latter-day Pamphlets vi. 27 Is arithmetic,—a thing more fixed by the Eternal, than the laws of justice are? 2. Arithmetical knowledge, computation, reckoning. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > arithmetic > [noun] > knowledge of arithmetica1616 a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) iii. i. 244 But now 'tis oddes beyond Arithmetick . View more context for this quotation 1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 549. ¶1 Such innumerable Articles, that I want Arithmetic to cast them up. 1807 W. Wordsworth Sonn. to Liberty i. xxiv What if our numbers barely could defy The arithmetic of babes. 3. A treatise on computation. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > arithmetic > [noun] > treatise on arithmology?1573 arithmetic1623 1623 J. Johnson (title) Iohnsons Arithmatick. 1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 92. ¶5 I would advise all young Wives to make themselves Mistresses of Wingate's Arithmetick. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online December 2021). arithmeticadj.n.² Forms: 1600s arithmetick. Etymology: < French arithmétique, or < Latin arithmēticus : see arithmetical adj.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: arithˈmetic. A. adj. a. = arithmetical adj. arithmetic mean, arithmetic progression: = arithmetical mean, etc., at arithmetical adj. arithmetic shift: a shift (shift n. 14h which makes provision for retaining a sign bit and allows for the possible loss of digits by truncation or overflow. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > arithmetic > [adjective] arithmetical1553 arithmetic1673 arith.1687 algorismic1847 arithmological1882 the world > relative properties > number > arithmetic or algebraic operations > [noun] > mean meanc1450 medium1573 mediety1598 mediocrity1726 arithmetical mean1798 arithmetic mean1866 root-mean-square1895 mid-range1902 the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > numerical arrangement > [noun] > set > sequence > progression progressionc1450 arithmetical progression1553 geometrical progression1557 geometric progression1696 geometric ratio1736 arithmetical ratio1798 geometrical ratio1798 arithmetic progression1886 harmonic series1964 society > computing and information technology > hardware > [noun] > primary storage or main memory > register > operation on shift1946 arithmetic shift1963 1673 Morland (title) Description and Use of two Arithmetic Instruments. 1768 S. Horsley in Philos. Trans. 1767 (Royal Soc.) 57 399 The semi-circle being a mean arithmetic between AC and ABC. 1866 W. Odling Lect. Animal Chem. 151 The proportional number of bromine is intermediate between those of chlorine and iodine, and..approximates very closely to the true arithmetic mean. 1886 G. Chrystal Algebra I. i. xx. 466 An Arithmetic Series, or an Arithmetic Progression, as it is often called, is a series in which each term exceeds the preceding by a fixed quantity, called the common difference. 1901 Beman & Smith tr. K. Fink Brief Hist. Math. 96 Among the Italians of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries..the course of an arithmetic operation was expressed entirely in words. 1951 Proc. IRE 39 272/1 Arithmetic element, that part of a computer which performs arithmetic operations. 1954 T. W. Chaundy et al. Printing of Math. 64 In changing practice some mathematical terms have shortened. Thus we say ‘convergence’ rather than ‘convergency’; ‘algebraic’, ‘geometric’ generally replace ‘algebraical’,‘geometrical’, and even ‘arithmétic’ (so accented), can be an adjective as in ‘arithmetic mean’. 1960 Communications ACM 3 301/2 Delimiters..<operator> :: = <arithmetic operator>\|<relational operator>\|<logical operator>\|<sequential operator>. 1963 KDF9 Programming Man. (Eng. Electric Leo Computers Ltd.) 108 Arithmetic shifts are designed to deal with numbers only. 1965 C. H. Springer et al. Adv. Methods & Models iii. 69 Any sequence of n numbers in which each term differs from the preceding term by a constant amount is called an arithmetic progression. 1972 M. Kline Math. Thought iii. 32 If p and q are two numbers..the harmonic mean H..is the reciprocal of the arithmetic mean of 1/p and 1/q. 1980 C. S. French Computer Sci. xxiv. 174 Arithmetic shifts ie moving bits in registers either left or right in order to multiply or divide. 1984 Which Micro? Dec. 31/2 Full range of arithmetic and relational operators. b. arithmetic (and logic or logical) unit: a unit in a computer which carries out arithmetical and logical operations; abbrev. ALU (ALU n. at A n. Initialisms). ΘΚΠ society > computing and information technology > hardware > [noun] > central processing unit > arithmetic and logic unit arithmetic (and logic or logical) unit1946 ALU1956 1946 J. P. Eckert in Theory & Techniques Design Electronic Digital Computers (Univ. Penn.) (1947) I. x. 16 When successively adding several numbers, it is possible to hold the sum in the arithmetic unit. 1962 Automatic Data Processing Gloss. (U.S. Bureau of Budget) 2/2 ALU, Arithmetic and Logical Unit. 1969 P. B. Jordain Condensed Computer Encycl. 32 The arithmetic unit performs the bulk of the internal processing commands of a computer. 1977 Sci. Amer. Sept. 88/2 The arithmetic and logic unit (ALU), as its name implies, contains devices such as adders for arithmetic and logic operations on data received over the bus. 1984 I. R. Whitworth 16-bit Microprocessors i. 2 An 8-bit arithmetic-and-logic unit (ALU) operates upon arguments held in programmer-accessible registers or accumulators. †B. n.² [Compare Italian arithmetico.] An arithmetician. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > [noun] > one who works with numbers accountera1400 arithmetician1557 reckonmaster1570 computator1591 summer1598 computer1613 counter-castera1616 computant1621 accountant1622 logistic1633 numerist1646 cipherera1648 arithmetic1652 computor1669 figure-caster1831 cruncher1971 1652 J. Gaule Πυς-μαντια 178 The Cabalistical Rabbins, the Greek Arithmeticks. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1972; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < n.¹c1305adj.n.²1652
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arithmeticn.1

arithmeticadj.n.2

arithmeticn.¹

arithmeticadj.n.²