hexosen.

Brit.

/ˈhɛksəʊs/,

/ˈhɛksəʊz/, U.S.

/ˈhɛkˌsoʊs/

Etymology: < hex- comb. form + -ose suffix².

Chemistry.

A monosaccharide that contains six carbon atoms; hexose phosphate, a phosphate derivative of a hexose, as hexose monophosphate, hexose diphosphate, substances important as intermediates in many metabolic processes.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > carbohydrates > sugars > monosaccharides > [noun] > by number of carbon atoms > having 6 carbon atoms

hexose1892

the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > carbohydrates > sugars > monosaccharides > [noun] > by number of carbon atoms > having 6 carbon atoms > phosphate derivative

hexose diphosphate1892

1892 E. F. Smith tr. V. von Richter Org. Chem. (ed. 2) 499 The hexoses occur frequently in plants, especially in ripe fruits.

1909 Proc. Royal Soc. B. 81 528 (heading) The hexosephosphate formed by yeast-juice from hexose and phosphate.

1916 A. P. Mathews Physiol. Chem. iv. 169 All true nucleic acids, or polynucleotides, of animal origin..have been found to contain a hexose group, or several of them.

1926 Biochem. Jrnl. 20 854 Blood-plasma contains small amounts of a phosphatase similar to that found in bone. Like the latter it hydrolyses sodium glycerophosphate, hexosemonophosphate and hexosediphosphate.

1935 R. S. Tipson & E. T. Stiller in B. Harrow & C. P. Sherwin Textbk. Biochem. ii. 63 The naturally occurring hexoses (d-glucose, d-mannose, d-galactose and d-fructose) are the only sugars which undergo fermentation by yeast.

1956 Nature 11 Feb. 274/1 In algae it is considered that the oxidative assimilation of hexose follows the same glycolytic pathway as in higher organisms.

1960 McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. II. 460/1 The principal alternative pathways by which sugars are dissimilated..are known as the hexose monophosphate pathways.

1965 New Scientist 17 June 761/1 Food sugars absorbed from the gut are hexoses.

Derivatives

heˈxonic adj. [-onic suffix] designating an acid formed from an aldohexose by oxidation of the aldehyde group to a carboxyl group.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > organic acids > [adjective] > carboxylic acids > miscellaneous others

uramilic acid1839

thioformic1857

phthalic1869

hexonic1894

fumaroid1895

malenoid1895

trigenic1941

1894 G. M'Gowan tr. A. Bernthsen Text-bk. Org. Chem. (ed. 2) ix. 236 By the conversion of the hexonic acids (through the hexoses) into the corresponding alcohols (mannite, etc.), the number of possible stereo-isomers is diminished.

1958 J. S. Fruton & S. Simmonds Gen. Biochem. (ed. 2) xxi. 536 The oxidation of d-galactose by Pseudomonas saccharophila also appears to involve the intermediate formation of hexonic acids.

hexosamine n.

/hɛkˈsəʊsəmiːn/ [amine n.] a derivative of a hexose in which a hydroxyl group is replaced by an amino group.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > carbohydrates > sugars > monosaccharides > [noun] > by number of carbon atoms > having 6 carbon atoms > amino derivative

hexosamine1914

1914 Jrnl. Biol. Chem. 18 123 The hexosamine..was obtained directly on concentration of the product of hydrolysis of chondroitin sulphuric acid.

1961 New Scientist 5 Jan. 15/1 In chronic brain diseases and manic psychoses the macromolecular hexosamine was elevated.

hexosaˈminic adj. designating the acid derived from hexosamine.

ΚΠ

1915 Jrnl. Biol. Chem. 20 441 (heading) Hexosaminic acid from ribose.

ˈhexosan n. [-an suffix] a polysaccharide of which the constituent monosaccharides are hexoses.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > carbohydrates > sugars > polysaccharides > [noun] > having hexoses as constituents

hexosan1894

1894 Amer. Chem. Jrnl. 16 227 If hexosans are gradually oxidized with chromic acid and afterwards distilled with acids, large amounts of furfurol are obtained.

1921 A. L. Smith Lichens v. 211 Besides these [carbohydrates], which rank as hexosans, Ulander found small quantities of pentosans and methyl pentosans.

1957 E. V. Miller Chem. Plants i. 7 The hexosan cellulose is the fundamental constituent of the plant cell wall.

Draft additions 1993

hexosaˈminidase n. Biochemistry either of two lysosomal enzymes which catalyse the hydrolysis of globoside and some gangliosides.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [noun] > nucleic acid > enzymes

galactase1898

cellulase1901

nuclease1902

xanthine oxidase1905

exoenzyme1908

glucosidase1909

galactase1910

nucleosidase1911

nucleotidase1911

adenosine deaminase1913

cellobiase1919

hydratase1922

activase1928

hexokinase1930

histaminase1930

kallikrein1930

Michaelis constant1930

cholinesterase1932

phosphodiesterase1932

chymotrypsin1933

glycosidase1933

rhodanese1933

acetylcholinesterase1937

prolidase1937

diaphorase1938

aconitase1939

hyaluronidase1940

transaminase1940

hydrase1943

isomerase1943

lactoperoxidase1943

streptokinase1944

pectinesterase1945

pectinmethylesterase1945

phosphokinase1946

alliinase1947

CoA1947

phosphotransferase1948

polymerase1948

transferase1948

elastase1949

amyloglucosidase1950

transacetylase1950

transhydrogenase1952

hydroxylase1953

kinase1953

transketolase1953

synthase1954

hexosaminidase1955

translocase1957

angiotensinase1958

angiotensin converting enzyme1960

photoenzyme1960

acetyltransferase1961

adenyl cyclase1961

adenylate cyclase1962

replicase1962

ADA1963

transcriptase1963

adenylyl cyclase1964

recombinase1964

laminarinase1966

nickase1967

acrosin1970

reverse transcriptase1970

cellobiohydrolase1972

cyclooxygenase1974

laminaranase1974

primase1977

helicase1978

monodeiodinase1978

transposase1979

maturase1980

1955 Jrnl. Biol. Chem. 213 237 It will be demonstrated that β-glucuronidase action leads to liberation of d-glucuronic acid, while a hexosaminidase..yields N-acetylglucosamine.

1971 Time 13 Sept. 40/1 Hexosaminidase-A, the lack of which causes Tay-Sachs disease.

1987 D. J. Weatherall et al. Oxf. Textbk. Med. (ed. 2) I. ix. 34/2 There are two isoenzymes (A and B) of hexosaminidase which catalyse the conversion of G_m2-ganglioside to G_m3-ganglioside, G_a2-ganglioside to lactosylceramide..and globoside to α-galactosyl-lactosyl-ceramide.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1933; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	hexose
释义	hexosen. Brit. /ˈhɛksəʊs/, /ˈhɛksəʊz/, U.S. /ˈhɛkˌsoʊs/ Etymology: < hex- comb. form + -ose suffix². Chemistry. A monosaccharide that contains six carbon atoms; hexose phosphate, a phosphate derivative of a hexose, as hexose monophosphate, hexose diphosphate, substances important as intermediates in many metabolic processes. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > carbohydrates > sugars > monosaccharides > [noun] > by number of carbon atoms > having 6 carbon atoms hexose1892 the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > carbohydrates > sugars > monosaccharides > [noun] > by number of carbon atoms > having 6 carbon atoms > phosphate derivative hexose diphosphate1892 1892 E. F. Smith tr. V. von Richter Org. Chem. (ed. 2) 499 The hexoses occur frequently in plants, especially in ripe fruits. 1909 Proc. Royal Soc. B. 81 528 (heading) The hexosephosphate formed by yeast-juice from hexose and phosphate. 1916 A. P. Mathews Physiol. Chem. iv. 169 All true nucleic acids, or polynucleotides, of animal origin..have been found to contain a hexose group, or several of them. 1926 Biochem. Jrnl. 20 854 Blood-plasma contains small amounts of a phosphatase similar to that found in bone. Like the latter it hydrolyses sodium glycerophosphate, hexosemonophosphate and hexosediphosphate. 1935 R. S. Tipson & E. T. Stiller in B. Harrow & C. P. Sherwin Textbk. Biochem. ii. 63 The naturally occurring hexoses (d-glucose, d-mannose, d-galactose and d-fructose) are the only sugars which undergo fermentation by yeast. 1956 Nature 11 Feb. 274/1 In algae it is considered that the oxidative assimilation of hexose follows the same glycolytic pathway as in higher organisms. 1960 McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. II. 460/1 The principal alternative pathways by which sugars are dissimilated..are known as the hexose monophosphate pathways. 1965 New Scientist 17 June 761/1 Food sugars absorbed from the gut are hexoses. Derivatives heˈxonic adj. [-onic suffix] designating an acid formed from an aldohexose by oxidation of the aldehyde group to a carboxyl group. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > organic acids > [adjective] > carboxylic acids > miscellaneous others uramilic acid1839 thioformic1857 phthalic1869 hexonic1894 fumaroid1895 malenoid1895 trigenic1941 1894 G. M'Gowan tr. A. Bernthsen Text-bk. Org. Chem. (ed. 2) ix. 236 By the conversion of the hexonic acids (through the hexoses) into the corresponding alcohols (mannite, etc.), the number of possible stereo-isomers is diminished. 1958 J. S. Fruton & S. Simmonds Gen. Biochem. (ed. 2) xxi. 536 The oxidation of d-galactose by Pseudomonas saccharophila also appears to involve the intermediate formation of hexonic acids. hexosamine n. /hɛkˈsəʊsəmiːn/ [amine n.] a derivative of a hexose in which a hydroxyl group is replaced by an amino group. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > carbohydrates > sugars > monosaccharides > [noun] > by number of carbon atoms > having 6 carbon atoms > amino derivative hexosamine1914 1914 Jrnl. Biol. Chem. 18 123 The hexosamine..was obtained directly on concentration of the product of hydrolysis of chondroitin sulphuric acid. 1961 New Scientist 5 Jan. 15/1 In chronic brain diseases and manic psychoses the macromolecular hexosamine was elevated. hexosaˈminic adj. designating the acid derived from hexosamine. ΚΠ 1915 Jrnl. Biol. Chem. 20 441 (heading) Hexosaminic acid from ribose. ˈhexosan n. [-an suffix] a polysaccharide of which the constituent monosaccharides are hexoses. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > carbohydrates > sugars > polysaccharides > [noun] > having hexoses as constituents hexosan1894 1894 Amer. Chem. Jrnl. 16 227 If hexosans are gradually oxidized with chromic acid and afterwards distilled with acids, large amounts of furfurol are obtained. 1921 A. L. Smith Lichens v. 211 Besides these [carbohydrates], which rank as hexosans, Ulander found small quantities of pentosans and methyl pentosans. 1957 E. V. Miller Chem. Plants i. 7 The hexosan cellulose is the fundamental constituent of the plant cell wall. Draft additions 1993 hexosaˈminidase n. Biochemistry either of two lysosomal enzymes which catalyse the hydrolysis of globoside and some gangliosides. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [noun] > nucleic acid > enzymes galactase1898 cellulase1901 nuclease1902 xanthine oxidase1905 exoenzyme1908 glucosidase1909 galactase1910 nucleosidase1911 nucleotidase1911 adenosine deaminase1913 cellobiase1919 hydratase1922 activase1928 hexokinase1930 histaminase1930 kallikrein1930 Michaelis constant1930 cholinesterase1932 phosphodiesterase1932 chymotrypsin1933 glycosidase1933 rhodanese1933 acetylcholinesterase1937 prolidase1937 diaphorase1938 aconitase1939 hyaluronidase1940 transaminase1940 hydrase1943 isomerase1943 lactoperoxidase1943 streptokinase1944 pectinesterase1945 pectinmethylesterase1945 phosphokinase1946 alliinase1947 CoA1947 phosphotransferase1948 polymerase1948 transferase1948 elastase1949 amyloglucosidase1950 transacetylase1950 transhydrogenase1952 hydroxylase1953 kinase1953 transketolase1953 synthase1954 hexosaminidase1955 translocase1957 angiotensinase1958 angiotensin converting enzyme1960 photoenzyme1960 acetyltransferase1961 adenyl cyclase1961 adenylate cyclase1962 replicase1962 ADA1963 transcriptase1963 adenylyl cyclase1964 recombinase1964 laminarinase1966 nickase1967 acrosin1970 reverse transcriptase1970 cellobiohydrolase1972 cyclooxygenase1974 laminaranase1974 primase1977 helicase1978 monodeiodinase1978 transposase1979 maturase1980 1955 Jrnl. Biol. Chem. 213 237 It will be demonstrated that β-glucuronidase action leads to liberation of d-glucuronic acid, while a hexosaminidase..yields N-acetylglucosamine. 1971 Time 13 Sept. 40/1 Hexosaminidase-A, the lack of which causes Tay-Sachs disease. 1987 D. J. Weatherall et al. Oxf. Textbk. Med. (ed. 2) I. ix. 34/2 There are two isoenzymes (A and B) of hexosaminidase which catalyse the conversion of G_m2-ganglioside to G_m3-ganglioside, G_a2-ganglioside to lactosylceramide..and globoside to α-galactosyl-lactosyl-ceramide. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1933; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1892
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