hightv.¹

Brit.

/hʌɪt/, U.S.

/haɪt/

Forms: 1. Present stem.

α. (a) early Old English hætest (2nd singular indicative), Old English hæst (2nd singular indicative, rare), Old English hætst (2nd singular indicative), Old English hætsð (2nd singular indicative, rare), Old English hatan, early Middle English hæte, early Middle English hoate, early Middle English–1500s hate, Middle English haite (northern), Middle English hat (north-west midlands, in a late copy), Middle English hoote, Middle English hote; Scottish pre-1700 hote; (b) 3rd singular indicative early Old English hętt, Old English hætt, Old English hatteð (Northumbrian, in sense 2), Old English–early Middle English hæt, Old English (rare)–Middle English hat, late Old English hatt, early Middle English het (rare), early Middle English hoot, Middle English hot. eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) Pref. 3 Ælfred kyning hateð gretan Wærferð biscep his wordum luflice & freondlice.OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) xix. 330 Eower fæder..nele eow forgyfan eowre synna, ac he hæt eow gebindan & on cwearterne settan.a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 201 Alle bileffulle ich hote þus waken.?a1200 ( tr. Pseudo-Apuleius Herbarium (Harl. 6258B) clxxxiv. 231 Þane leahtor ða Grecas hostopituras hætað.a1225 (?c1175) Poema Morale (Egerton) 304 in J. Zupitza & J. Schipper Alt- u. Mitteleng. Übungsbuch (1904) 89 Lete we þet god for but ealle manne cunne, end do we þet he us het [a1200 Trin. Cambr. hat, a1225 Digby hot].a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) 2387 Þei..went after þe werwolf..hotend out wiþ hornes & wiþ huge cries.1416 Guildhall Let.-bk. in R. W. Chambers & M. Daunt Bk. London Eng. (1931) 65 The kyng hot and comaundeth that all maner of mariners..be this same day..withynne here shippis.a1425 Rule St. Benet (Lansd.) (1902) 38 In þe Kirke bi-fore þame alle sal sho haite stabilnes and buxumnes.a1450 Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Corpus Cambr.) (1850) Deut. xxiii. 23 Gloss. Of him that hootith, and fulfillith it not.c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 67 The mone..þai menyt to hat Ortigia.?1553 (c1501) G. Douglas Palice of Honour (London) i. l. 422 in Shorter Poems (1967) 34 Baith extre and quhelis of gold, I hote [rhyme chariote, note].

β. early Middle English heate (west midlands), early Middle English heote (south-west midlands), Middle English heit (northern), Middle English hete, Middle English heyt (northern), Middle English heytt (northern), Middle English 1600s heete, late Middle English hette (Yorkshire). a1250 (?c1200) Sawles Warde (Titus) (1938) 7 Þe þridde suster..heateð [c1225 Bodl. hateð] ham alle þat nan of ham aȝain hire nohwer wið unmeað ne ga ouer mete.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) 11975 Heot [c1300 Otho hot] þas Rom-wæren alle mid griðen liðen heonne.a1350 in R. H. Robbins Hist. Poems 14th & 15th Cent. (1959) 7 Þe hayward heteþ vs harm to habben of his.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 5427 Heit [Fairf. hete] me truli, wit couenand.c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Man of Law's Tale (Ellesmere) (1871) l. 334 But oon auow to grete god I heete [c1405 Hengwrt hete].a1425 (c1333–52) L. Minot Poems (1914) 19 He hetes, and haldes ȝow noght.a1450 (c1412) T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum (Harl. 4866) (1897) 2218 Hym oghte..heete naght a deel..but if he wole it laste.c1450 (a1425) Metrical Paraphr. Old Test. (Selden) 3952 Þat wold not I, for all þis werld heyre I yow hette.?c1600 (c1515) Sc. Field (Lyme) 202 in I. F. Baird Poems Stanley Family (D.Phil. thesis, Univ. of Birm.) (1990) 238 I will wynde you to wreke, wees, I you heete.

γ. Middle English hiȝt, Middle English hiȝte, Middle English hiht, Middle English hite, Middle English hith (chiefly northern and East Anglian), Middle English hyghte, Middle English hyghtte, Middle English hyt, Middle English hyte, Middle English–1600s hight, Middle English–1600s hyght, late Middle English heght; Scottish pre-1700 height, pre-1700 heycht, pre-1700 hicht, pre-1700 hycht, pre-1700 hyght, pre-1700 1700s– hecht /hɛxt/, pre-1700 1800s heght, pre-1700 1800s hight. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 5431 Truli now i þe hight [Gött. hite].c1429 Mirour Mans Saluacioune (1986) l. 421 It heghts divers richesse.c1480 (a1400) St. John Baptist l. 1022 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 252 Bath gold & fe hechtand hyme in-to plente.1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) vii. 156 The kyng, that hungry wes, I hicht [1489 Adv. hycht].c1550 Clariodus (1830) iv. 847 I vow and heightis thus.1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene vi. vii. sig. Ee8 She could or saue, or spill, whom she would hight.1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxv. viii. 224 Those that be so farre gone in a Phthisicke or consumption, as no man would hight them life and recouery.1673 J. Ray N. Countrey Words in Coll. Eng. Words 25 To Hight (Cumb.), to promise or vow.1789 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 479 He wad na hecht them courtly gifts..But he wad hecht an honest heart.1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. at Hecht Hecht him weel, and haud him sae.1872 J. S. Blackie Lays of Highlands 3 Molaise..Hights me go, and I obey.1913 H. P. Cameron tr. Thomas à Kempis Of Imitation of Christ i. xx. 31 Nevir hecht yersel sickerness i' this life.1991 H. Holton in T. Hubbard New Makars 131 Ah'll hecht ye ma heid.

2. Past tense. a. Strong.

α. Old English heht, early Middle English hiegt, Middle English heght, Middle English heghut, Middle English heȝt, Middle English heyght, Middle English heyȝt, Middle English hieght, Middle English hiȝt, Middle English hiht, Middle English hit, Middle English hith, Middle English hycht, Middle English hyȝt, Middle English hygth, Middle English hyȝth, Middle English hyht, Middle English hyth, Middle English hytt, Middle English 1500s hyght, Middle English–1500s 1900s– hight, 1500s higth, 1600s height; Scottish pre-1700 heht, pre-1700 heicht, pre-1700 heycht, pre-1700 hicht, pre-1700 hycht, pre-1700 1700s haight, pre-1700 1700s height, pre-1700 1700s–1800s heght, pre-1700 1700s– hecht, 1700s heckt, 1800s hight. In Old English chiefly in verse (in Anglian sources and in West Saxon sources showing Anglian influence). In Middle English chiefly northern and north midlands. In Old English the 2nd singular indicative is only attested with weak inflectional ending, e.g. (Northumbrian) hehtes (see A. Campbell Old Eng. Gram. (1959) §735(d), and compare later Forms 2b); this appears to have been an isolated Northumbrian development, affecting only the 2nd singular indicative.eOE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Tanner) iii. i. 154 Þa dydon heo ealle swa he heht.a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 217 And hiegt him ded he sulde ben.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) 15656 Petre, wake wiþ me a stont, þus heȝt þou noȝt to me?a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 15660 Has þou nu al forgeten þat þou hight?c1480 (a1400) SS. Simon & Jude 122 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 211 He heycht to mend his stat.1568 Christis Kirk on Grene in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS (1928) II. 264 He hecht to perss him at the pap.1587 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Iland Brit. (new ed.) i. vii. 15/2 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) I He was so desperatlie wounded, that no man hight him life.1603 Philotus lxxviii. sig. C4^v The Carle that hecht sa weill to treit ȝow, I think sall get ane geck.1614 P. Forbes Def. Lawful Calling 29 He performed not alse truelie what hee height.c1700 G. Baillie in Orpheus Caled. (1725) 40 He haight me baith Rings and monie bra things.1762 in A. Ramsay Tea-table Misc. (ed. 13) 321 Willy height to marry me, Gin e'er he married ony.1793 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) II. 689 The Miller he hecht her a heart leal and loving.1843 G. W. Gillespie Misc. Poems 114 He hecht them ere gloamin' Her mantle should spread, He'd snug be beside them.1871 G. Macdonald Wks. Fancy & Imagination IV. 211 The lady..Harnessed the warrior, and hight him go.1926 E. R. Eddison Styrbiorn the Strong ix. 168 All they hight me in Hlymdale of old Hild the Helm'd, whoso knew me.1985 D. Purves Hou Finn Fand Bran (SCOTS) Sae Finn an his seivin men hecht ti staun watch i the Queen's chaumer, an watch thay did.

β. early Old English–Middle English hett, Old English (rare)–early Middle English hæt, Old English (rare)–early Middle English heot, Old English–1500s het, early Middle English heit, early Middle English heitt, early Middle English hiet, Middle English heet, Middle English hete, Middle English heytt (northern). eOE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Tanner) iii. xii. 194 For æghwæðres cyninges sawle alesnesse, ge þæs ofslegenan ge þæs þe hine slean het.lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) (Peterborough interpolation) anno 675 Ða heot seo kining þone ærcebiscop Theodorus þet he scolde setton ealle gewitenemot.a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 7 Þe witeȝa het þet we sculde makien his stiȝes.a1225 (c1200) Vices & Virtues (1888) 99 Ðo ðe Crist sente his lierning-cnihtes in to ðe world..ðo hiet he hem ðat hie scolden..ðus seggen.c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) 645 To tristrem trewe in hold, He hete he wold him bring.c1450 (a1425) Metrical Paraphr. Old Test. (Selden) 13864 Gud hyre to haue þore he þem hett.c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 39^v Ho..frely me het That the mede shuld be myne.1562 T. Sternhold et al. Whole Bk. Psalmes (cxix. 76) 312 As thou to me thy seruant hetest.

γ. late Middle English–1500s hote, 1600s hoght. c1425 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Liverpool Univ.) (1960) A. iii. l. 9 Hote [c1400 Trin. Cambr. Þe clerk þanne, as þe king hiȝte, Tok mede].a1475 Friar & Boy (Brogyntyn) in J. O. Halliwell Early Eng. Misc. (1855) 50 Thou schalt have gyftes thre As y hote the befor.1532 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Digby 145) (1960) A. v. 120 Hote [c1400 Trin. Cambr. to wynchestre..I was sent..as my maister me hiȝte].1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. July 164 A shepheard trewe, yet not so true, as he that earst I hote.a1637 B. Jonson Eng. Gram. i. xix, in Wks. (1640) III Pr[esent tense]. Hyght. Pa[st tense]. Hoght. Par[ticiple]. pa[st]. Hoght.

b. Weak. early Middle English hæhte, early Middle English hætte, early Middle English hahte, early Middle English haihte, early Middle English heahte, early Middle English hechte, early Middle English hehtte, early Middle English heihte, early Middle English heiste, early Middle English heste, early Middle English heþte, early Middle English heyhte, Middle English heghte, Middle English heȝte, Middle English hehte, Middle English heiȝte, Middle English heted, Middle English hette, Middle English hettestou (2nd singular indicative, with personal pronoun affixed), Middle English heyȝþe, Middle English highte, Middle English hiȝte, Middle English higthe, Middle English hiȝthte, Middle English higtid, Middle English hihte, Middle English hite (chiefly East Anglian), Middle English hoted, Middle English hutte, Middle English hyghte, Middle English hyȝhte, Middle English hyȝte, Middle English hyȝthe, Middle English hyhte, Middle English hyte, Middle English hythe, late Middle English–1500s hatte, 1800s– hechtit (Scottish). a1225 (?c1175) Poema Morale (Lamb.) 268 in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 175 Þa..duden al þet þe laþe gast hechte to and tachte.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 7128 Bord heo hetten breden, cnihtes setten þer-to.a1300 (c1275) Physiologus (1991) 118 Knov, Cristene man, wat tu Crist hiȝtest;..Ðu hiȝtes to leuen on him.c1390 in C. Horstmann Minor Poems Vernon MS (1892) i. 95 Þorwh whom is be-tyd Þat to þe seed of Dauid Sum-tyme þe fader heted.c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Clerk's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 496 Youre pacience..That ye me highte and swore in yone village.a1464 J. Capgrave Abbreuiacion of Cron. (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 208 Notwithstanding þat þe kyng hite him þis, he was exiled.a1500 Trental St. Gregory (Adv.) 90 in Anglia (1891) 13 305 Helpe me, as þou hattest me!1532 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Digby 145) (1960) A. vii. 218 Hatte [c1400 Trin. Cambr. In sudore & swynke þou shalt..labouren for þi liflode, & so oure lord hiȝte].1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. at Hecht Your mother hechtit me a web this year.?2002 I. W. D. Forde Hale ir Sindries ii. vii. 166 The disjasket mene o this antrin veisitar hechtit taills o tryall an tribulance. 3. Past participle. a. Strong.

α. Old English gehaton (rare), Old English gihaten (Northumbrian), Old English (Middle English early or northern) haten, Old English–early Middle English gehaten, late Old English gehatan, early Middle English ȝehaten, early Middle English ȝehatenn ( Ormulum), early Middle English ȝehaton, early Middle English ȝehotan, early Middle English ȝehote, early Middle English ȝehoten, early Middle English hatenn ( Ormulum), early Middle English hihote, early Middle English ihæten, early Middle English ihatan, early Middle English ihate, early Middle English ihaten, early Middle English ihoaten, early Middle English ioten, early Middle English oten, early Middle English yoten, Middle English hait (northern), Middle English hate (northern), Middle English hatin (northern), Middle English hoote, Middle English hooten, Middle English hote, Middle English hoten, Middle English hotyn, Middle English ihote, Middle English ihoten, Middle English yhoote, Middle English yhot, Middle English yhote, Middle English yhoten, late Middle English yhotte, 1600s hotten; Scottish pre-1700 hait, pre-1700 hatine, pre-1700 hatyne, pre-1700 hayt, pre-1700 hot. OE (Mercian) Rushw. Gospels: Matt. xxvii. 16 Qui dicebatur barrabbas : se wæs haten barrabas [c1200 Hatton gehaten].OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) i. 179 He wæs gehaten [a1225 Vesp. A.xxii ȝehoten] leohtberend.c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) Pref. l. 94 Þiss ennglisshe boc. Iss orrmulum ȝehatenn.a1225 (c1200) Vices & Virtues (1888) 149 On ðare ealde laȝe hit was ioten.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 1 An preost wes on leoden, Laȝamon wes ihoten [c1300 Otho was hote].c1300 (?c1225) King Horn (Cambr.) (1901) 201 Horn ihc am ihote [c1300 Laud hote, a1350 Harl. yhote].a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 14503 His nam was haten caifas.c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Reeve's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 21 His name was hoten [c1405 Ellesmere hoote, c1430 Cambr. Gg.4.27 hotyn] deynous Symkyn.c1475 (c1399) Mum & Sothsegger (Cambr. Ll.4.14) (1936) iii. 228 He was halowid and y-huntid and y-hotte trusse.a1500 (?a1325) Otuel & Roland (1935) 4 A conquerour that was y-hote syr Charlemayne.1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid vi. ix. 143 Tha pepil of Thessaly, That Lapytas ar hait.a1530 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Royal) viii. l. 5956 Throwch covyne off ane, that to name Hwde wes hatyne.a1643 W. Cartwright Ordinary (1651) iii. i. 37 Aldersgate Is hotten so from one that Aldrich hight.

β. chiefly northern Old English gehatten (Northumbrian, rare), Middle English hatte, Middle English hatten, Middle English hattene, Middle English hattin, Middle English hattyn; Scottish pre-1700 hattin, pre-1700 hattyn, pre-1700 hattyne. OE (Northumbrian) Epist. Jerome to Damasus 2 Igitur hoc præsens praefatiuncula pollicetur quattuor tantum euangelistas : forðon ðis ondweard foresaegdnis uel gehatten bið uel gehaten is fewer ana godspelleras. ▸ 1357 J. Gaytryge Lay Folks' Catech. (York Min.) (1901) 470 The secund dedeli syn is hatten enuy.c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1977) 1322 As conquerour of vche a cost he cayser watȝ hatte.?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 6827 His name was hattyn cuthrede.a1550 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Wemyss) clxxiii. l. 5262 The toþer wes hattin Iohne þe Bruys.

γ. early Middle English hogt, Middle English ahiȝt, Middle English heght, Middle English heȝt, Middle English heht, Middle English heyght, Middle English heyȝt, Middle English highte, Middle English hiȝt, Middle English hiȝte, Middle English hiȝtte, Middle English hiht, Middle English hite, Middle English hith, Middle English hyghte, Middle English hyȝt, Middle English hyht, Middle English hyhte, Middle English hyte, Middle English hythe, Middle English ihight, Middle English ihyȝt, Middle English yhiȝt, Middle English–1500s hyght, Middle English– hight, 1600s hoght; Scottish pre-1700 heicht, pre-1700 heichte, pre-1700 heycht, pre-1700 hicht, pre-1700 hyght, pre-1700 1700s heght, pre-1700 1700s hight, pre-1700 1800s height, pre-1700 1800s– hecht; N.E.D. (1898) also records a form Middle English yhyȝt. In Middle English chiefly northern and north midlandsa1250 Wohunge ure Lauerd in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 271 Þu hafdes me heht..to rixlen o þi rihthond crunet wið þe seluen.a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 34 Treuþe ichaue þe plyht to don þat ich haue hyht.a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) 586 Þat amiabul maide, alisaundrine a-hiȝt.a1400 Siege Jerusalem (Laud) (1932) 973 Y haue heylych heyȝt her forto lenge.c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Franklin's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 615 Wel ye woot what ye han hight [v.rr. hyȝt, hiȝt, hiht].a1500 Sir Degrevant (Cambr.) (1949) 1005 Þe Duk of Gerle hase i-hyȝt Þat he wol soupe here þis nyȝt.c1550 Clariodus (1830) i. 852 Scho buir him ane sonne height Clariodus Efter his eime.1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. ix. sig. X3^v An auncient booke, hight Briton moniments.a1637 B. Jonson Eng. Gram. i. xix, in Wks. (1640) III Pr[esent tense]. Hyght. Pa[st tense]. Hoght. Par[ticiple]. pa[st]. Hoght.1664 S. Butler Hudibras: Second Pt. ii. iii. 139 A cunning man, hight Sidrophel.1739 in Caledonian Mag. (1788) 500 His Cousin was a bierly Swank, A stier young man heght Robb.1772 T. Nugent tr. J. F. de Isla Hist. Friar Gerund I. 352 To the argent season succeeded the secle hight ferruginous.1812 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Cantos I & II i. iii. 4 Childe Harold was he hight.1846 Drummond's Muckomachy 8 Him followed..ae vile lurdon, Height Johnie Gordon.1908 F. W. Bourdillon Preludes & Romances 3 The tale is hight ‘The Choice of Adam’.1960 P. Anderson High Crusade xi. 87 Three fortresses are ample... There is one hight Stularax.?2002 I. W. D. Forde Hale ir Sindries ii. v. 155 A hae hecht ti byde heir fur hiz retour.2008 J. Lake Escapement v. 105 This man was hight Brass.

δ. chiefly northern Middle English heit, Middle English heiten, Middle English het, Middle English hete, Middle English heton, Middle English hett, Middle English hette (north midlands); English regional 1700s het (Lancashire). a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 1524 Sco was heiten [Fairf. calde, Gött. cald] noema.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 9976 Þat roche þat es polist sa slight es maiden maria heit ful right.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 2658 As I bifore haue hette to þe.c1425 Prose Versions New Test.: Deeds (Cambr.) (1904) ii. 39 Vnto ȝow es hette a bihetynge.a1450 Castle Perseverance (1969) 2054 As we haue het Among vs in þis halle.a1500 (?a1400) Morte Arthur (1903) 2697 Suche an heste I haue hym hette.?1746 ‘T. Bobbin’ View Lancs. Dial. vi O lawm, fawse, owd felly; het on Elder.

b. Weak. late Middle English hoted, 1500s–1600s highted; Scottish 1800s hechted, 1900s– hechtit; N.E.D. (1898) also records a form 1700s hechted (Scottish). a1425 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Borthwick Add. 196) (1960) A. ii. l. 181 Hoted [c1400 Trin. Cambr. He was..oueral yhuntid & yhote trusse].1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis iii. 50 For those plats Strophades in languadge Greekish ar highted.1692 T. Sprat Let. in Relation Wicked Contrivance S. Blackhead (1693) I. 8 The first Name Highted on being the Earl of Nottingham's.1838 J. Ballantine in Whistle-Binkie 1st Ser. (ed. 2) 33 Mony big loons hae hechted to wyle her awa.1908 J. Lumsden Doun i' th' Loudons 220 Had ‘Samil’ been slee he'd hae hechtit thee less.1983 W. L. Lorimer & R. L. C. Lorimer New Test. in Scots Heb. x. 385 Gif ye ar tae dae God's will an obtein what he hes hechtit ye.?2002 I. W. D. Forde Hale ir Sindries ii. iv. 148 As he hed hechtit, the ordinateir wes i guid fettil afoir nuin. 4. In Branch II. (Passive). a. Present stem.

α. (a) indicative Old English hætte (rare), Old English hate (perhaps transmission error), Old English hattæ (rare), Old English hattan (plural), Old English hatton (plural), Old English–Middle English hatte, early Middle English hacte, Middle English hat, Middle English hatt, Middle English hattou (2nd singular, with personal pronoun affixed); Scottish pre-1700 hat. OE Riddle 10 11 Saga hwæt ic hatte.lOE Prose Dialogue of Solomon & Saturn I (1982) ix. 26 Saga me h[wæt] hatton þage.a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 159 Lusteð nu wich maiden þat is and hwat he hatte.a1325 (?a1300) in G. H. McKnight Middle Eng. Humorous Tales (1913) 22 Yo hat mayden malkyn,..Yo wonys at the tounes ende.1340 Ayenbite (1866) 1 Þis boc is dan Michelis of Northgate..; þet hatte Ayenbyte of inwyt.c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) 2445 Bertilak de Hautdesert I hat in þis londe.c1450 (c1380) G. Chaucer House of Fame (Fairf. 16) (1878) l. 1303 Hyt nedeth noght yow more to tellen..of kervynges Ne how they hat [c1475 Bodl. hate] in masoneries.a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) i. l. 1088 It hat Ysawria sa fayr. Next it lyis Scilicia.c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 16^v Þis stone..smaragden hit hat. (b) as infinitive and with personal endings Old English hattest (2nd singular indicative), early Middle English atte, Middle English hat (chiefly northern and north midlands), Middle English hatt (northern), Middle English hatte, Middle English hattestow (2nd singular indicative, with personal pronoun affixed). OE Metrical Charm: Nine Herbs (Harl. 585) 3 Una þu hattest, yldost wyrta.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 4143 Þu hattes Iulius Cezar.c1275 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Calig.) (1935) 255 Þu attest [a1300 Jesus Oxf. hattest] niȝtingale.a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) 813 Ðat burge..atteð cariatharbe.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 2650 Our lauerd..said he suld hatte abraham.a1425 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1869) I. 365 Zacarie..tolde what þe child shulde hatte.?a1475 Ludus Coventriae (1922) 147 I am an herde þat hattyht moyse.a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xiii. 151 What dewill shall he hatt?a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. x. 95 Godys son shall he hat.c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 161^v Sad men of Syens..Solstucion..sayn hit to hat.

β. Old English hatan, Middle English hait (northern, 3rd singular indicative), Middle English haitt (northern, 3rd singular indicative), Middle English hate (chiefly northern), Middle English hate (chiefly northern, 3rd singular indicative), Middle English hoote, Middle English hote, Middle English ote, late Middle English hotheth (3rd singular indicative, transmission error), 1500s hooth (3rd singular indicative); Scottish pre-1700 hait, pre-1700 hait (3rd singular indicative), pre-1700 hate, pre-1700 hayt, pre-1700 hot (3rd singular indicative). In Old English in finite forms and in constructions of the infinitive where the infinitive would normally be expected to be active in sense. In quot. OE¹ perhaps after cognate Old Saxon hētan (in a lost section of the source), which regularly has the sense ‘to be called’.OE Genesis B 344 Cwæð se hehsta hatan sceolde Satan siððan.OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) i. 182 He..axode adam hu heo hatan sceolde.OE tr. Pseudo-Apuleius Herbarium (Vitell.) (1984) clxv. 208 Wiþ misenlice leahtras ðæs bæcþearmas [read bæcþearmes] þa ragadas hatað.c1225 (?OE) Homily: Sicut Oves absque Pastore (Worcester F.174) in J. Hall Select. Early Middle Eng. (1920) I. 1 He þeo c[not]ten unwreih þe questiuns hoteþ.c1275 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Calig.) (1935) 256 Þu miȝtest bet hoten [a1300 Jesus Oxf. hote] galegale.c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 2066 Þe oþer brutainel hit ssal hote. ▸ a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. l. 1327 Of here name in general Thei hoten alle Satiri.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 7324 Omang þir puple sal þou latt A stalworth man þat saul haitt [Fairf. hatte].c1425 (?a1400) Arthur (Longleat 55) 614 Now hyt hooteþ Glastyngbury.a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail liii. 276 A worthy knyht that Aftyr the schal hoten ful Ryht.?c1510 tr. Newe Landes & People founde by Kynge of Portyngale sig. Aiij Oon aforemontayen and hooth caput viride.1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid ii. 58 Quhilkis, eist, south, and waist wyndis hait [v.r. hate] with ws.

γ. chiefly west midlands Middle English heet (3rd singular indicative), Middle English het, Middle English hett (3rd singular indicative), Middle English hette, Middle English hette (3rd singular indicative), Middle English hettestou (2nd singular indicative, with personal pronoun affixed), late Middle English heteth (3rd singular indicative). a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Nero) (1952) 59 Þe earn deð in his neste enne deorewurðe ȝimston ðet hette achate.c1330 Otuel (Auch.) (1882) 82 Ich am comen her..To speke..wiþ a kniȝt þat heet Roulond. ▸ a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 355 Frixus and his suster Elles..were adraynt in þe see þat heet Ellespontus.c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. x. 17 Þe Cunstable of þe Castel..Is a wys kniht wiþ alle; Sire Inwit he hette.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) 2650 Þou hettest now abrahame.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) 12500 To þis mon þat hett as þow Ne dostou grace.a1425 (a1400) Titus & Vespasian 479 in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1903) 111 293 I hette Nathaan.c1450 (a1400) Chevalere Assigne 232 in W. H. French & C. B. Hale Middle Eng. Metrical Romances (1930) 867 Þe ȝondur is my Qwene, Betryce she hette.1485 Malory's Morte Darthur (Caxton) vii. ii. sig. miij^v What heteth your lady and where dwelleth she?

δ. (a) early Middle English hæhte, early Middle English hahte, Middle English heght, Middle English heyghte, Middle English heyghtte, Middle English highte, Middle English hiȝt, Middle English higte, Middle English hiȝte, Middle English hiht, Middle English hyȝt, Middle English hyȝte, Middle English hyȝth, Middle English hyht, Middle English hyte, Middle English 1600s 2000s– hight, Middle English–1500s hyght, 1600s height; Scottish pre-1700 hecht, pre-1700 heght; (b) 3rd singular indicative early Middle English hæhte, early Middle English heiȝte, early Middle English heiȝtte, early Middle English heite, Middle English heght, Middle English height, Middle English heith, Middle English heithe, Middle English heyghtte, Middle English highte, Middle English hiȝt, Middle English hiȝte, Middle English hiht, Middle English hihte, Middle English hite, Middle English hith, Middle English hycht, Middle English hyhte, Middle English hyte, Middle English hythtis, Middle English–1500s hyght, Middle English–1600s highteth, Middle English–1600s 1900s– hight, 1600s hights; Scottish pre-1700 hecht. a1275 in C. Brown Eng. Lyrics 13th Cent. (1932) 38 Wolte sulle þi louerd, þat heite iesus?c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) 13049 Nu hit hæhte Munt Seint Myhhel.?a1300 Dame Sirith 175 in G. H. McKnight Middle Eng. Humorous Tales (1913) 8 Wiþ muchel hounsele ich lede mi lif, And þat is for on suete wif Þat heiȝtte margeri.?c1350 Ballad Sc. Wars 51 in A. Brandl & O. Zippel Mitteleng. Sprach- u. Literaturproben (1917) 138/1 Ferli frained þou wat hi hith, Þat þou salt noth with my name.c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 699 I was wont to highte [c1415 Lansd. hiht, c1425 Petworth hiȝt, c1430 Cambr. Gg.4.27 hyȝte] Arcite Now highte [Lansd. hiht, Petworth hight] I Philostrate.a1450 Partonope of Blois (Univ. Coll. Oxf.) (1912) 2655 There ys a kyng that highteth Agysore.c1455 Speculum Misericordie in PMLA (1939) 54 945 Meeknesse, Charite, and pacience, Labowr, largenesse this fyve heyghtte; Thee laste save oon heyghtte abstinence.c1525 J. Rastell New Commodye Propertes of Women sig. Aii S. What hyght she. C. melebea is her name.1580 Sir P. Sidney tr. Psalmes David xxiv. vi Even He the King of glory hight.a1643 W. Cartwright Ordinary ii. ii, in W. C. Hazlitt Dodsley's Sel. Coll. Old Eng. Plays (1875) XII. 241 How highteth she, say you?1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. iii. 122 Pure Heavenly Love I hight.1934 R. Pitter Coll. Poems (1996) 39 List to o ladye ye louesomest of alle Lionor that hight.1990 V. Forrest-Thomson Three Proper in Coll. Poems & Trans. 39 That hight Phantastes by its nature true.2001 E. Kirner Lesser Kindred (new ed.) viii. 159 I hight Hadretikantishilrrar, of the line of Issdra.

ε. 1500s hotte (3rd singular indicative). 1532 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Digby 145) (1960) A. xi. 118 Hotte [c1400 Trin. Cambr. þe longe launde þat leccherie hatte, Leue hym on þi left half.].

b. Past tense.

α. Old English hatta (rare), Old English hatton (plural), Old English–Middle English hatte, late Old English hætte; Scottish pre-1700 hat. OE Ælfric Lives of Saints (Julius) (1881) I. 432 Anna hatta hyre fæder East Engla cynincg.lOE Prose Dialogue of Solomon & Saturn I (1982) xiii. 27 Þa gestrinde he bæarn on hys cnihthade se hætte Enos.c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (Royal) (1981) 3 Wide him weox weorre on euch halue, ant nomeliche in an lond Yrie [read Ylirie] hatte.c1300 (c1250) Floris & Blauncheflur (Cambr.) (1966) l. 479 Clarice hatte þat maide hende. ▸ a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. l. 1082 God of medicine He hatte after that ilke line.?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) 377 Hardebrechins þe cite hatte Þat þe childe was baptyst atte.a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) i. l. 870 For it was set betweyn þa twa, It hat Mesopotamya.a1525 (a1500) Sc. Troy Bk. (Douce) l. 1553 in C. Horstmann Barbour's Legendensammlung (1882) II. 273 A king was þane That..to his name hat [?a1600 Cambr. hate] Tytydes.

β. chiefly west midlands and southern early Middle English hete (probably transmission error), early Middle English hiet, Middle English heet, Middle English het, Middle English hete, Middle English hett, Middle English hette. a1225 ( Ælfric's Homily De Initio Creaturae (Vesp. A.xxii) in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 227 His sune hete [perh. read het; OE Royal hatte] arfaxat.c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 32 A Meiden dyna het..eode ut.c1330 Otuel (Auch.) (1882) 911 Ogger Mette wiþ on þat heet moter.1340 Ayenbite (1866) 124 An old filosofe, þet hette platoun.1340 Ayenbite (1866) 133 Ane sergont þet hette semey..him þreu mid stones. ▸ a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 79 Þre knyȝtes..heet Oracius,..þre knyȝtes..heet Curiacius, and were also i-bore at oon burþen.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) 2594 She serued hir þis womman þat Agar hett Egipcian.a1425 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Linc. Inn) (1952) 2644 Ethmes hette heore kyng.a1450 ( G. Chaucer Bk. Duchess (Tanner 346) (1871) l. 948 Gode fayre white she hete [c1450 Fairf. het; rhyme grete].c1450 (c1400) Emaré (1908) 34 Dame Erayne hette þat emperes.a1525 Eng. Conquest Ireland (Trin. Dublin) (1896) 2 [An] heighe man in Irland, þat het dermond Macmorgh.

γ. early Middle English hæhte, early Middle English haihte, early Middle English hehte, early Middle English heihte, early Middle English heiste, early Middle English heþte, early Middle English heyȝtte, early Middle English heyte, early Middle English hicte, early Middle English higte, early Middle English huchte (south-west midlands), Middle English hecht, Middle English heght, Middle English heȝt, Middle English heȝte, Middle English heht, Middle English height, Middle English heiȝhte, Middle English heiȝte, Middle English heiht, Middle English heyȝt, Middle English heyth, Middle English highte, Middle English hiȝt, Middle English hiȝte, Middle English hiȝth, Middle English hiht, Middle English hit, Middle English hite, Middle English hith, Middle English hitt, Middle English hyȝht, Middle English hyȝt, Middle English hyȝte, Middle English hygth, Middle English hyȝtte, Middle English hyth, Middle English 1600s– hight, Middle English–1600s hyght, late Middle English hyeȝte; Scottish pre-1700 hecht, pre-1700 heght, pre-1700 hicht, pre-1700 hycht, 1800s– hight. c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (Royal) (1981) 7 In þis ilke burh wes wuniende a meiden..anes kinges, cost hehte, anlepi dohter.?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 45 Ameiden, huchte dina, iacobes dochter,..heode vt.a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) 713 Hur hicte ðe tun.a1400 (?a1350) Seege Troye (Egerton) (1927) 28 An hyer kyng..had a nevew þat hiȝt [c1450 Arms hyth, a1475 Harl. hit] Iasoun.c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 719 At this gentil hostelrye That highte [c1415 Lansd. hiht, c1430 Cambr. Gg.4.27 hyȝte] the tabard.1447 O. Bokenham Lives of Saints (Arun.) (1938) 3148 Þer was..A wurþi kyng, & Maurus hecht he.a1525 (a1500) Sc. Troy Bk. (Douce) l. 2062 in C. Horstmann Barbour's Legendensammlung (1882) II. 282 Now þis Agamenone..Had o sone..That to his name Arestes hicht.?1556 N. Smyth tr. Herodian Hist. sig. F4 His wife named Progne..had a sister which hight Philomela.a1643 W. Cartwright Ordinary (1651) iii. i. 37 Aldersgate Is hotten so from one that Aldrich hight.1669 Hist. Sir Eger 3 There was into that Earles train A young Knight that heght Sir Grahame.1714 J. Gay Shepherd's Week ii. 20 A Lass that Cic'ly hight, had won his Heart.1841 H. W. Longfellow Children Lord's Supper 48 Father he hight and he was in the parish.1876 J. S. Blackie Songs Relig. & Life 145 Quoth Oliphant—so hight the questioning clerk.1923 C. M. Doughty Mansoul (rev. ed.) v. 190 Colin wist what She hight, But left untold.

δ. 1500s hot, 1500s hote; Scottish pre-1700 hait, pre-1700 hate, pre-1700 hot. a1500 Lancelot of Laik (1870) l. 754 The kyng An hundereth knychtis cold, And so he hot, (for neuermore he wolde Ryd of his lond, but In his cumpany O hundyre knyghtis).1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Sept. 194 Lowder (for so his dog hote).1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. xi. sig. L3 It rightly hot The well of life.

Additional evidence is provided by Ling. Atlas Late Mediaeval Eng., which records the following Middle English forms, without specifying their grammatical form or sense: heȝyt, heiȝ, heiȝt, heythe, hiȝht, hitte, hiyht, hyghȝt, hygthte, hythte.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian hēta (West Frisian hijtte ), Old Saxon hētan (Middle Low German hēten , heiten ), Old Dutch hētan (Middle Dutch heeten , Dutch heten ), Old High German heizan (Middle High German heizen , German heißen ), Early Runic hait- , Old Icelandic heita , Old Swedish heta (Swedish heta ), Old Danish hetæ (Danish hedde ), Gothic haitan , further etymology uncertain, probably < the same Indo-European base as Buddhist Sogdian -s'yð- (in 'ns'yð- to exhort), Ossetic sid- , sed- to call, or perhaps < the same Indo-European base as classical Latin ciēre to set in motion, to call, to summon (see cite v.), although this poses formal problems. Compare hote n., hest n., and slightly later hight n.³ Form history: (i) the active verb. In Old English a strong verb of Class VII, belonging to a small subgroup derived from Germanic verbs whose past tense was formed by reduplication (see A. Campbell Old Eng. Gram. (1959) §746, R. M. Hogg & R. D. Fulk Gram. Old Eng. (2011) II. §§6.70–1, and compare discussion at read v.). This pattern is shown by the strong past tense heht (see Forms 2aα. ; the quantity of the vowel in Old English is not entirely certain); compare Gothic haihait . Strong past tense forms such as hēt (see Forms 2aβ. ) show assimilation to non-reduplicative Class VII verbs; compare Old Frisian hēt , hīt , Old Saxon hēt , Old High German hiaz . The historical present stem, past tense, and past participle forms are reflected respectively by Forms1α. , 2aα. (and 2aβ. ), and 3aα. . From early Middle English onwards there is widespread levelling of historical past tense forms to the present (see Forms 1β. , 1γ. ) and to the past participle (see Forms 3aγ. , 3aδ. ); the only surviving current forms of the word (i.e. hight , (Scots) hecht ) ultimately originate from historical (reduplicated) past tense forms (see Forms 2aα. ). From early Middle English onwards weak past tense forms with final -e developed based on various forms of the present or strong past tenses (see Forms 2b, e.g. highte, hette). The model of the Old English passive form hātte , used as past tense (see Forms 4bα. and compare note below), may have contributed to the early development of these (perhaps compare also note at Forms 2aα. ). Some of the Middle English and later examples of the surviving hight -type may have developed from forms of the weak past tense (Forms 2b, e.g. highte), with loss of the final -e . The stem vowel i of the modern standard form hight is apparently the result of palatal mutation in Old English, although such forms are not attested until early Middle English. Form history: (ii) passive forms. This is the only verb in Old English to continue forms inherited from the inflected Germanic passive. Old English hātte formally corresponds to the Gothic 3rd singular present indicative passive haitada (one of a number of attested passive forms in that language). In Old English, the form superficially resembles a weak past tense; it functions as 1st and 3rd singular and has a plural form hātton . These forms are attested only in the sense ‘to be called’ (i.e. sense 4, corresponding to active sense 1). Probably partly because of the formal resemblance to the preterite, the forms hātte and hātton are used in Old English with reference to past tense as well as present tense. This is a factor that may have contributed (conversely) to the subsequent spread of forms of the active past stem (especially Middle English heght- , hight- , etc., but also hēt- ) to the present tense; however, this development occurs in senses which continue use of active forms (see Forms 1β. , 1γ. ) as well as in sense 4, which reflects the original passive (see Forms 4aγ. , 4aδ. ). The formal (as opposed to semantic) distinction between active and passive is lost during the Middle English period, as forms with passive sense are overwhelmingly supplied from the active system. Prefixed forms. In Old English the prefixed form gehātan to order, to command, to bid, to summon, to name, to promise, to assert (compare y- prefix) is also attested; compare also ahātan to name (compare a- prefix¹), behātan behight v., forhātan forhight v., onhātan to promise (compare on- prefix), and (with double prefixation) foregehātan to promise, to enjoin, instruct (compare fore- prefix and y- prefix). The sense ‘to promise’ (compare sense 3) is more common for prefixed gehātan in Old English than for the simplex and is also the main sense of prefixed behātan, onhātan, and foregehātan.

Now archaic.

I. To name, to command, to promise, and related senses.

1. transitive. To call, name; to designate as. Formerly also in †his (or her) name is hight —— (obsolete). Now chiefly in past participle.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > naming > give a name to [verb (transitive)] > call or give as name to

nemneOE

clepec1000

hightOE

sayOE

nameOE

yclepec1175

callc1300

nevena1400

deemc1400

christena1470

nominate1545

term1545

titulea1550

behight1579

benamea1586

inquire1590

nuncupate1609

indigitate1623

font1652

vocitate1653

express1659

appellate1768

nomenclature1824

OE Acct. Voy. Ohthere & Wulfstan in tr. Orosius Hist. (Tiber.) (1980) i. i. 15 Þa deor hi hatað hranas.

OE tr. Pseudo-Apuleius Herbarium (Vitell.) (1984) xci. 134 Wið þa adle ðe man litargum hateð, þæt ys on ure geþeode ofergytulnys cweden.

a1225 MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 77 Þu scald..bere knaue child, and haten hit helend.

c1225 (?c1200) St. Juliana (Bodl.) 527 Sathanas..tu leuest up on & ti feader hatest.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 1427 To hire he hefde loue & læfdi heo hehte.

c1330 St. Katherine (Auch.) l. 8 in C. Horstmann Altengl. Legenden (1881) 2nd Ser. 242/1 (MED) Hir name was hoten Katerine.

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 405 (MED) Þat menskful mayde melior was hoten.

?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 477 A bischop hight Eugenius.

a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xvi. 192 Emanuell is hete, His name for to lere.

c1540 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. Proem sig. A.iii^v And finalie I knew be thair consentis This ane virtew, that othir hecht delite.

1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis i. 8 Thee Romans of his owne name, Romulus, highting.

1605 R. Verstegan tr. in Restit. Decayed Intelligence iii. 83 The nether Saxons are hight now Friesians.

a1643 W. Cartwright Ordinary (1651) iii. i. 37 One Harlotha Concubine To deignous Wilhelme, hight the Conqueror.

a1754 W. Hamilton Maid of Gallowshiels i, in Poems & Songs (1850) 24 The first famed author of our ancient race Was Colin hight.

1772 T. Nugent tr. J. F. de Isla Hist. Friar Gerund I. 352 To the argent season succeeded the secle hight ferruginous.

1821 in Jrnl. Cork Hist. & Archaeol. Soc. (1893) 130 I mean not the second—O Fogarty hight—who can speak for himself.

1889 M. M. Harper Bards of Galloway 50 An' they hecht it the Galloway flail.

1911 E. Pound Canzoni 9 That azure feldspar hight the microcline.

1926 E. R. Eddison Styrbiorn the Strong ix. 168 All they hight me in Hlymdale of old Hild the Helm'd, whoso knew me.

a1978 A. S. Borrowman Buik o Ruth & Ither Wark in Lallans (1979) (Ruth i. 2) 13 The man was hecht Elimelech.

1999 P. Anderson War of Gods (new ed.) xxvii. 232 A man hight Tosti. He it was who broke the long peace.

†2.

a. transitive. To command, bid (a person, etc.); chiefly with infinitive or clause as complement, expressing the thing or act commanded. Also: to order, ordain (a thing or act). Also intransitive. Obsolete (Scottish in later use).In quot. 1822: (perhaps) to beseech, implore.Apparently not attested in 17th and 18th centuries.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > command > command or bidding > command [verb (transitive)]

i-bedea800

highteOE

bid971

bibedec1000

ordainc1325

warnc1380

commanda1382

tella1475

mand1483

wishc1515

hest1582

behight1591

order1609

mandate1623

warrant1632

eOE (Mercian) Memorandum on Land at Bromsgrove & Inkberrow, Worcs. (Sawyer 1432) (transcript of lost MS) in A. J. Robertson Anglo-Saxon Charters (1956) 6 Þa sende he his erendwreocan to Wulfheard..& heht þæt he cuome to him.

OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) xxvii. 405 We dydon swa swa ðu us hete.

OE Ælfric Gram. (St. John's Oxf.) 125 Þæt oðer modvs ys imperativvs, þæt ys, bebeodendlic: mid þam gemete we hatað oðre menn don sum ðing.

a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 211 He..ne wile don þat god him het..and doð þat þe deuel het.

a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 31 (MED) Þenne þe preost hine hat aȝefen þa ehte þon monne þet hit er ahte.

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 214 Hat him ut heterliche þefule cur dogge.

?a1300 Fox & Wolf 36 in G. H. McKnight Middle Eng. Humorous Tales (1913) 26 (MED) Be stille, ich hote, a godes nome!

c1300 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Otho) (1978) 15750 We beoþ icome ase þou hauest i-hote.

c1300 Life & Martyrdom Thomas Becket (Harl. 2277) (1845) 2027 We hoteth the ek in his half that thu assoilli also The Bischop[s] that thu hast in sentence ido.

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 1082 [He] het hem alle hiȝe þider as harde as þei miȝt.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 413 Ȝif þe prince of þe lond hote, Briddes syngeþ wiþ mery note.

c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. iii. l. 9 Corteisliche þe Clerk þo, as þe kyng hihte, Tok þe Mayden bi þe Middel.

c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. i. l. 17 He hihte þe eorþe to seruen ow vchone.

c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. ii. l. 218 He was..Ouer al yhowted and yhote trusse.

c1450 (c1380) G. Chaucer House of Fame (Fairf. 16) (1878) l. 1719 Blowe thy trumpes..Eolus y hote.

c1450 (a1375) Octavian (Calig.) (1979) l. 231 Þe iustyce het men schold her lede Out of þe cyte.

c1560 A. Scott Poems (1902) 11 Sym said he sett nocht by his forss Bot hecht he sowld be hittin, And he micht counter Will on horss.

1822 H. Ainslie Pilgrimage to Land of Burns 43 An' sair the bonny bairnies grat, An' hecht her aye to bide.

1871 G. Macdonald Wks. Fancy & Imagination IV. 211 The lady..Harnessed the warrior, and hight him go.

1872 J. S. Blackie Lays of Highlands 3 Molaise..Hights me go, and I obey.

b. transitive. To command (a person or group) to come to or assemble in a place; to summon, call. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > command > command or bidding > command [verb (transitive)] > summon

lathec900

hightOE

clepec1000

ofclepeOE

ofsendOE

warna1250

callc1300

summonc1300

incalla1340

upcallc1340

summonda1400

becallc1400

ofgredec1400

require1418

assummonc1450

accitec1475

provoke1477

convey1483

mand1483

whistle1486

vocatec1494

wishc1515

to call up1530

citea1533

convent1540

convocate1542

prorogate1543

accersit1548

whistle for1560

advocatea1575

citate1581

evocate1639

demand1650

to warn in1654

summons1694

invoke1697

to send for1744

to turn up1752

requisition1800

whip1857

OE Vercelli Homilies (1992) x. 213 We syndon þyder gelaðode & gehatene [c1175 Bodl. 343 ihatene] to þan halegan [ham] & to þam cynelycan friðstole.

OE Daniel 531 Ða wæs to ðam dome Daniel haten.

c1225 (?c1200) St. Juliana (Bodl.) l. 492 Heo þe weren ihaten forð & funden hire þus..leadden hire þah forð.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 141 In what place it euere be..þat þe primate of Engelond wil hote and constreyne and gadre a counsail of clergie.

c1400 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Laud) (1952) l. 2666 His ost he hoteþ [a1425 Linc. Inn hyȝt] þider snelle.

a1500 (?a1325) Otuel & Roland (1935) l. 2104 Whenne ch[arly]s hadde y-hote tho The best bedyes [read bodyes] that were tho, with roulond..thay ȝede.

1591 E. Spenser Daphnaïda 11 Ne let the Sacred Sisters here be hight, Though they of sorrowe heavilie can sing.

a. transitive. To promise, vow; to pledge. Later also: to give promise of; to prophesy, portend. Frequently with double object. Also intransitive: to make a promise. Cf. behight v. 1. Scottish in later use. Now rare.Assignment of quot. OE² to this sense depends on emendation of the text; in order to avoid this, alternative (and otherwise unattested) meanings of the verb have sometimes been suggested, e.g. ‘to dedicate (a pagan idol)’ or ‘to invoke (a pagan idol)’.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > statement > assurance, confirmation, or guarantee > [phrase]

witc900

hightOE

to stand for it?a1500

take my word for it1576

I protest1587

I warrant me1825

the mind > language > speech > agreement > promise > promise or vow [verb (transitive)]

swearc825

hightOE

behighta1000

behestc1175

bespeakc1320

queatha1325

vow1338

avowc1374

undertakec1385

forhighta1400

forsweara1400

hest14..

promitc1422

promise1430

protest1430

to swear outa1440

to swear to ——1598

pollicitate1657

OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: Luke (headings to readings) lxxiii Relinquentibus propter nomen suum temporalia dominus aeterna promittit : forletrum fore noma his lytlo drihten ece heht.

OE Cynewulf Juliana 53 Gif þu to sæmran gode þurh deofolgield dæde biþencest, hætsð hæþenfeoh [MS hæþenweoh], ne meaht þu habban mec.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 4922 Þatt tatt icc het drihhtin.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 11669 Ȝet ich wulle haten [c1300 Otho hote] mare.

c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 815 Tristrem dede as he hiȝt.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 5429 Hite me treuli þu þi selue Sal me wid min eldris delue.

c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Man of Law's Tale (Ellesmere) (1871) l. 334 Oon auow to grete god I heete.

?a1425 Mandeville's Trav. (Egerton) (1889) 2 Þis es þe land þat es hight til vs in heritage.

c1480 (a1400) St. John Baptist 1022 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 252 Bath gold & fe hechtand hyme in-to plente.

1543 ( Chron. J. Hardyng (1812) 304 Euer y^e kyng Edward hight men greate hyre, Hym for to take.

1568 Christis Kirk on Grene in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS (1928) II. 264 He hecht to perss him at the pap Thair on to wed a weddir.

1587 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Iland Brit. (new ed.) i. vii. 15/2 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) I He was so desperatlie wounded, that no man hight him life.

1599 A. Hume Hymnes v. 26 Yet as I haight, so sall I hald, to magnifie the Lord.

1614 P. Forbes Def. Lawful Calling 29 He performed not alse truelie what hee height.

1724 A. Ramsay Tea-table Misc. (1733) II. 182 Rob my eem hecht me a stock.

1793 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) II. 689 The Miller he hecht her a heart leal and loving.

1807 R. Tannahill Kebbuckston in Poems (1846) 139 Sauney M'Nab..Has hecht to..gi'e us three wallops of merry shan trews.

1843 G. W. Gillespie Misc. Poems 114 He hecht them ere gloamin' Her mantle should spread, He'd snug be beside them.

1885 J. Lumsden Rural Rhymes 219 Something, Athie, loors on me—That hechts death's comin' blow!

1928 J. G. Horne Lan'wart Loon 10 Thro' slaps he breenged that hecht fu' weel, But fanklt on the leg or heel.

1985 D. Purves Hou Finn Fand Bran (SCOTS) Sae Finn an his seivin men hecht ti staun watch i the Queen's chaumer, an watch thay did.

?2002 I. W. D. Forde Hale ir Sindries ii. v. 155 A hae hecht ti byde heir fur hiz retour.

†b. transitive and intransitive. With subordinate clause as object or parenthetically within or after a statement: to convey assurance of some fact; to assert confidently or emphatically; to declare. Chiefly with indirect object in I hight you: ‘I promise you’, ‘I assure you’. Cf. behight v. 3. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > statement > assurance, confirmation, or guarantee > assure, confirm, or guarantee [verb (transitive)]

certify1330

highta1375

testify1393

fortifyc1449

avoucha1513

aver1548

vouch1591

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 1123 So harde þei hiȝed þan, i hote þe for soþe.

c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 402 (MED) Maysterful mod and hyȝe pryde, I hete þe, arn heterly hated here.

tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) iii. l. 936 Also this y yow hete—I preued haue.

1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) vii. 156 The kyng, that hungry wes, I hicht [1489 Adv. hycht].

1523 J. Skelton Goodly Garlande of Laurell sig. Cii Mache mischefe I hyght you, amonge theem ther happid.

?1553 (c1501) G. Douglas Palice of Honour (London) i. l. 422 in Shorter Poems (1967) 34 Baith extre and quhelis of gold I hote.

?c1600 (c1515) Sc. Field (Lyme) 202 in I. F. Baird Poems Stanley Family (D.Phil. thesis, Univ. of Birm.) (1990) 238 I will wynde you to wreke, wees, I you heete.

II. intransitive. To call oneself, be called. (In Old English realized by the historically passive forms (singular) hātte, (plural) hātton).)

4. With a name, title, or appellation as complement. To call oneself, be called, be known as; to have as a name or designation. Now archaic and only in the invariable form hight.

ΚΠ

eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) lviii. 445 On ðæm bocum ðe hatton Apocalipsin.

OE West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xiii. 55 Hu ne hatte [L. dicitur] hys modor Maria?

lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) (Peterborough contin.) anno 1129 Se oðer het Gregorius: he wæs clerc.

a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 127 (MED) Þis child shal hoten godes prophete.

c1225 (?c1200) St. Juliana (Bodl.) 14 (MED) Hire fleshliche feader affrican hehte.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 4143 Þu hattes Iulius Cezar.

c1300 (?c1225) King Horn (Cambr.) (1901) 7 Godhild het his quen.

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. iii. i. 90 A man hatte [1535 hight, 1582 is called] antropos in grewe.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 3948 ‘Tel me nam’, [he] said, ‘quat es þin?’ ‘Iacob i hatt’ [Gött. hate, Trin. Cambr. het].

c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 719 At this gentil hostelrye That highte [v.rr. hyȝte, hiht] the tabard.

a1425 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1869) I. 365 (MED) Zacarie..tolde what þe child shulde hatte.

a1450 York Plays (1885) 229 (MED) What hytist þou?

1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid ii. 58 Quhilkis, eist, south, and waist wyndis hait [v.r. hate] with ws.

c1525 J. Rastell New Commodye Propertes of Women sig. Aii S. What hyght she. C. melebea is her name.

1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) I. 6 In Grece..duelt ane king, the quhilk hecht Æalus.

c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 66^v Not Delphon but delos sum demyt hit to hat.

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. xi. sig. L3 It rightly hot The well of life.

1600 E. Fairfax tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne i. Argt. 1 He sends them to the fort that Sion hights.

1641 W. Prynne Antipathie 154 Hightest thou Vrse? Have thou Gods curse.

?1656 Renowned Robin Hood (single sheet) The King hath Archers of his own, full ready and full light, And these be strangers every one, no man knows what they height.

1663 S. Butler Hudibras: First Pt. i. i. 12 In School-Divinity as able As he that hight Irrefragable.

1714 J. Gay Shepherd's Week ii. 20 A Lass that Cic'ly hight, had won his Heart.

1841 H. W. Longfellow Children Lord's Supper 48 Father he hight and he was in the parish.

1875 E. Magnússon & W. Morris tr. Three Northern Love Stories 124 Then the king asked what they hight, and the earl said, ‘Sigmund and Helgi.’

1889 ‘M. Twain’ Connecticut Yankee xi. 129 ‘Your name, please?’ ‘I hight the Demoiselle Alisande la Carteloise, an it please you.’

1897 M. Armour tr. Fall of Nibelungs 47 Once we hight warriors, and shall we perish in this country by the hand of a woman?

1960 P. Anderson High Crusade ii. xv, in Astounding Sci. Fact & Fiction Aug. 163/2 ‘Are you another star-traveling race?’ ‘We hight Englishmen,’ Sir Roger evaded.

2001 E. Kirner Lesser Kindred (new ed.) viii. 159 I hight Hadretikantishilrrar, of the line of Issdra. I beseech thee in the name of our people, speak.

†III. Used in 16th cent., by Spenser, in various senses not otherwise exemplified. pseudo-archaic.

5. transitive. To mention, speak about; to designate. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > naming > give a name to [verb (transitive)] > mention by name

nemneOE

anemnOE

nameOE

nevena1400

nominate1570

bename1579

hight1579

namefy1589

personate1592

1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. July 164 A shepherd trewe, yet not so true As he that earst I hote.

1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene vi. vii. sig. Ee8 She could or saue, or spill, whom she would hight .

6. transitive. To mean, intend. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > intention > intend [verb (transitive)]

willeOE

meaneOE

minteOE

i-muntec1000

thinkOE

ettlea1200

intenta1300

meanc1330

forn-castc1374

intendc1374

ettlea1400

drive1425

proposec1425

purpose1433

attend1455

suppose1474

pretend1477

mindc1478

minda1513

pretence1565

appurpose1569

to drive at ——1574

thought to1578

hight1579

pretent1587

fore-intend1622

pre-intend1647

design1655

study1663

contemplate1794

purport1803

the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > meaning of linguistic unit > convey meaning [verb (intransitive)]

soundc1374

hight1579

breathe1697

1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Sept. 172 Say it out, Diggon, what euer it hight, For not but well mought him betight.

1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene v. xi. sig. X2^v But the sad steele seizd not, where it was hight, Vppon the childe, but somewhat short did fall.

7. transitive. To assign. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > duties > [verb (transitive)] > assign a task to a person

setc1175

task1530

hight1590

taska1592

stint1844

let1850

to set on1852

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. iv. sig. C8^v Yet charge of them was to a Porter hight.

8. transitive. To consign, entrust. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > delegated authority > investing with delegated authority > vest authority in a person [verb (transitive)] > commission to do something > commit to a person to do

limitc1405

hight1596

encommend1598

1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene iv. x. sig. K3^v An hundred brasen caudrons bright..Euery of which was to a damzell hight .

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2014; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	hight
释义	† hightn.¹ Forms: early Old English heht (Kentish), Old English–early Middle English hyht, Old English–Middle English hiht, late Old English hieht (Kentish), late Old English hihtt- (inflected form), early Middle English hiȝte, early Middle English hihht ( Orm.), early Middle English hihte, early Middle English huht, early Middle English huhte, early Middle English hyhte, Middle English hiȝt, Middle English hycht. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: English hycgan , -th suffix¹. Etymology: < the base of Old English hycgan to think, hope (see how v.¹) + -th suffix¹ (compare -t suffix³). Compare (from the same base) Old High German hugt mind, memory (Middle High German huht ), and also (with prefix: see y- prefix) Old English gehygd thought, consideration, Old Saxon gihugd mind, memory, Old High German gihugt mind, memory, Gothic gahugds mind. Compare high n.¹In Old English the prefixed form gehyht (compare y- prefix) is also attested. Obsolete. Hope, happy expectation, trust; delight, joy, pleasure.In quot. c1450 in without hight: (probably) unexpectedly. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > expectation > hope > [noun] hightOE weenOE hopec1200 speir1303 espeire1393 esperancec1430 the mind > emotion > pleasure > joy, gladness, or delight > [noun] merrinesseOE gladnessc900 mirtheOE playeOE dreamOE gladshipc975 lissOE willOE hightOE blithenessc1000 gladc1000 winOE blissc1175 delices?c1225 delight?c1225 joy?c1225 comfortc1230 listc1275 gladhead1303 daintyc1325 fainnessc1340 lightnessa1350 delectationc1384 delightingc1390 comfortationa1400 fainheada1400 blithec1400 fainc1400 delicacyc1405 gladsomeness1413 reveriea1425 joyousitiea1450 joyfulnessc1485 jucundity1536 joyousness1549 joc1560 delightfulness1565 jouissance1579 joyance1590 levitya1631 revelling1826 chuckle1837 joyancy1849 a song in one's heart1862 delightsomeness1866 OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) xxii. 361 He..sylð him forgyfenysse hiht [a1225 Lamb. huht] & heora unrotan mod geliðegað. OE Blickling Homilies 165 Þin wif Elizabet þe gebereþ sunu..& þe bið þonne hyht & gefea. OE Paris Psalter (1932) cxiii. 20 Hio hyht heora habban on drihten. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 3816 Hihht. & hope o drihhtin godd. c1275 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Calig.) (1935) 1103 (MED) An hadde soþþe blisse & hiȝte [a1300 Jesus Oxf. hihte]. c1275 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Calig.) (1935) 272 (MED) Hit is min hiȝte [a1300 Jesus Oxf. hyhte], hit is mi wune, Þat ich me draȝe to mine cunde. c1390 in C. Brown Relig. Lyrics 14th Cent. (1924) 194 Þou haue hundredus at þin honde, To holde þin heste in herte has hiht. c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 5313 (MED) Loo, now, þe here withouten hiȝt in-to my handis sesed Bot in a womans ward for all þi wale dedis. c1500 in Speculum (1954) 29 719 For lak of ȝou þat was my rycht plesance, Of all my hert the hope and eke the hycht. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2014; most recently modified version published online December 2021). † hightn.² Forms: α. Old English higð, early Middle English hihðe, Middle English hyth. β. early Middle English hichte, Middle English height (in a late copy), Middle English hiȝte, Middle English hiþte, Middle English hyght, Middle English hyȝt; N.E.D. (1898) also records a form Middle English hihte. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: hie v.¹, -th suffix¹. Etymology: < hie v.¹ + -th suffix¹. With the β. forms compare the discussion at -t suffix³. Compare hying n. Obsolete. 1. Exertion, effort; an instance of this. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > [noun] hightOE workOE business1340 afforcinga1398 enforce1487 effort1490 contention1583 heave and shove1600 luctation1651 struggle1706 pingle1728 exertion1777 bother1823 brainstorming1839 beef1851 go-go-go1934 OE Glosses to Bella Parisiacae Urbis of Abbo of St. Germain (Harl. 3271) in W. H. Stevenson Early Scholastic Colloquies 109 Acutis nisibus : mid scearpum higðum. a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 69 For non hiþte that he haþ ne syþt me hym ner shake. 2. Quickness, expedition, haste, hurry. Frequently in in (also on) hight: hastily, promptly. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > rapidity or speed of action or operation > [noun] > haste hiec1175 hightc1225 rapa1250 hyingc1275 rape?a1300 rekec1330 hastiheada1393 pressa1393 hastea1400 unhonea1400 racec1400 gethea1500 festination1541 festinancy1660 hurry1692 festinance1727 scurry1823 rush1849 jildi1890 c1225 (?c1200) St. Juliana (Bodl.) 757 (MED) Þe reue..leup for hihðe wið lut men into a bat & bigon to rowen swiftliche efter. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 240 Schriftschal beon onhichte imaked. c1330 Sir Degare (Auch.) l. 136 in W. H. French & C. B. Hale Middle Eng. Metrical Romances (1930) 292 (MED) Ȝhe..fond here maidenes al slepend..And awaked hem in hiȝte. a1450 (?a1390) J. Mirk Instr. Parish Priests (Claud.) (1974) l. 559 (MED) Wheþer þe wordes were seyde a-ryȝt And not turnet in þat hyȝt. a1500 (?c1300) Bevis of Hampton (Cambr.) l. 2333 Iocyan thou take wyth the yn hyght, And y schall ageyn them fyght. 1607 (?a1425) Noah's Flood (Harl. 2124) in R. M. Lumiansky & D. Mills Chester Myst. Cycle (1974) I. App. 465 Thy bydding shall be done in height. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2014; most recently modified version published online September 2021). hightn.³ Brit. /hʌɪt/, U.S. /haɪt/, Scottish English /hʌit/ Forms: Middle English hete, Middle English hiet, Middle English hiȝt, Middle English hiȝte, Middle English hiht, Middle English hit, Middle English hith (transmission error), Middle English–1500s hight; Scottish pre-1700 heicht, pre-1700 hicht, pre-1700 hycht, pre-1700 1700s heght, pre-1700 1700s height, pre-1700 1700s– hecht /hɛxt/, pre-1700 1800s heycht, 1700s hight. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: hight v.¹ Etymology: < hight v.¹ Compare earlier hote n. and the Germanic forms cited at that entry. Compare also earlier hest n. Scottish after 16th cent. 1. A promise; a vow, a pledge. Formerly also: †that which has been promised; a votive offering (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > agreement > promise > [noun] hoteOE behotec1000 behesta1200 hesta1200 troth?c1225 quidec1275 promissiona1325 hightc1330 avauntc1380 grantc1380 forbehesta1400 promise1423 promit1462 behete1470 fiance1470 behightc1475 c1330 in C. Brown Relig. Lyrics 14th Cent. (1924) 32 Þei þai heuen vp her hende, Þai no hold nouȝt her hiȝtes. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 785 (MED) Þis hight..was ful fals and fikel. a1400 Psalter (Vesp.) lx. 8 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 191 .I. yhelde sa als .I. mai Mi hetes [Egerton hotes] fra dai in dai. c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 4 Aftir his hiȝt and couenaund. c1480 (a1400) St. Machor 1162 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 34 His hicht þat he mad to me. 1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) III. 23 Oft syis fair hechtis makis fuillis fane. 1543 ( Chron. J. Hardyng (1812) 311 He hight the Kyng..& held nothing his hight. 1609 J. Skene tr. Regiam Majestatem 30 Ane donation is vnderstand, to be ane hecht or bair promise, rather then ane trew or effectuall gift. a1631 R. Bruce Serm. (1843) viii If all hichts had as the prophet hath said. 1737 A. Ramsay Coll. Scots Prov. xliv. 80 Ye promise better tha ye pay, yer hechts ye never brooked. 1768 A. Ross Fortunate Shepherdess i. 28 The first time I to town or merket gang; Whilk an' hights had will be e're it be lang. 1808 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Hecht, heycht, a promise, an engagement. This word is still used, Loth. 1894 P. H. Hunter James Inwick ii. 13 If a' hechts haud, it's a' richt. 1936 J. G. Horne Flooer o' Ling 46 The firstlin pruif O' God's ain gracious hecht. 1985 W. L. Lorimer & R. L. C. Lorimer New Test. in Scots (rev. ed.) John i. 409 He is richteous, an ne'er gangs by his hechts. ?2002 I. W. D. Forde Hale ir Sindries ii. vi. 163 Ruth wuidna brak hir hecht ti byde ben Tornes. †2. A command, an order. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > command > command or bidding > [noun] > a command wordOE behestc1175 commandmentc1250 precepta1325 mandementc1325 saw1338 hotea1350 biddinga1400 highta1400 judgementc1405 order1543 imperea1546 command1552 shall?1553 impery1561 mandate1576 mandition1597 imperative1606 fiata1631 mitzvah1723 order of the day1804 hukum1838 prikaz1858 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Coll. Phys.) l. 19330 We..giu forbede Þurȝ þe hiȝte of bissophede, Þat gie in name of þat ihesu, Be noȝte to preche sa bald. c1480 (a1400) St. Peter 335 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 17 Cristis hecht for to fulfill, þan paul to Rome com petir till. c1600 (?c1395) Pierce Ploughman's Crede (Trin. Cambr. R.3.15) (1873) l. 345 Lere me to som man..þat..gloseþ nouȝt þe godspell, but halt Godes hetes. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † hightadj. Forms: Middle English–1500s heycht, Middle English–1600s hecht, Middle English–1500s hight, 1500s heicht, hicht, hycht. Etymology: apparently a variant form of heich high adj. Scottish and northern dialect. Obsolete. = high adj.: in various senses. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > vertical extent > [adjective] > great or considerable higheOE steepOE heaven-highOE highlyOE brentc1400 hightc1480 hichty1513 procere1542 tall1548 spiringa1552 towereda1552 tower-like1552 upstretched1563 airy1565 excelse1569 haughty1570 topless1589 lofty1590 procerous1599 kiss-sky1603 skyish1604 topful?1611 aspiringc1620 sky-high1622 hiddy1632 tiptoed1632 sublime1635 towering1638 soaring1687 mountain high1693 clamberinga1717 skied1730 towery1731 pyramidic1740 skyey1750 skyward1792 skyscraping1797 exulting1798 high-reaching1827 steepling1892 high-rise1964 hi1972 c1480 (a1400) St. James Great 360 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 107 Hyr palace, hecht & square. 1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) iii. 707 Sum [schippys] wald slyd fra heycht to law. a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xviii. 210 A floure That shall spryng vp full hight. 1504 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 95 To the hyght aughter..xxs. a1572 J. Knox Hist. Reformation Scotl. in Wks. (1846) I. 166 He is heychtar then the heavins. 1575 J. Rolland Treat. Court Venus iii. f. 40^v The words scharp quhilk scho thocht al to hicht. 1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 155 The Scots are divided into Hechtlandmen, and Lawlandmen. Derivatives † hightly adv. (also heichtlie) Obsolete highly. ΚΠ c1600 Diurnal of Remarkable Occurrents (1833) 265 Quhairat the lord Seytoun wes heichtlie movit. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online December 2021). hightv.¹ Brit. /hʌɪt/, U.S. /haɪt/ Forms: 1. Present stem. α. (a) early Old English hætest (2nd singular indicative), Old English hæst (2nd singular indicative, rare), Old English hætst (2nd singular indicative), Old English hætsð (2nd singular indicative, rare), Old English hatan, early Middle English hæte, early Middle English hoate, early Middle English–1500s hate, Middle English haite (northern), Middle English hat (north-west midlands, in a late copy), Middle English hoote, Middle English hote; Scottish pre-1700 hote; (b) 3rd singular indicative early Old English hętt, Old English hætt, Old English hatteð (Northumbrian, in sense 2), Old English–early Middle English hæt, Old English (rare)–Middle English hat, late Old English hatt, early Middle English het (rare), early Middle English hoot, Middle English hot. eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) Pref. 3 Ælfred kyning hateð gretan Wærferð biscep his wordum luflice & freondlice.OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) xix. 330 Eower fæder..nele eow forgyfan eowre synna, ac he hæt eow gebindan & on cwearterne settan.a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 201 Alle bileffulle ich hote þus waken.?a1200 ( tr. Pseudo-Apuleius Herbarium (Harl. 6258B) clxxxiv. 231 Þane leahtor ða Grecas hostopituras hætað.a1225 (?c1175) Poema Morale (Egerton) 304 in J. Zupitza & J. Schipper Alt- u. Mitteleng. Übungsbuch (1904) 89 Lete we þet god for but ealle manne cunne, end do we þet he us het [a1200 Trin. Cambr. hat, a1225 Digby hot].a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) 2387 Þei..went after þe werwolf..hotend out wiþ hornes & wiþ huge cries.1416 Guildhall Let.-bk. in R. W. Chambers & M. Daunt Bk. London Eng. (1931) 65 The kyng hot and comaundeth that all maner of mariners..be this same day..withynne here shippis.a1425 Rule St. Benet (Lansd.) (1902) 38 In þe Kirke bi-fore þame alle sal sho haite stabilnes and buxumnes.a1450 Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Corpus Cambr.) (1850) Deut. xxiii. 23 Gloss. Of him that hootith, and fulfillith it not.c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 67 The mone..þai menyt to hat Ortigia.?1553 (c1501) G. Douglas Palice of Honour (London) i. l. 422 in Shorter Poems (1967) 34 Baith extre and quhelis of gold, I hote [rhyme chariote, note]. β. early Middle English heate (west midlands), early Middle English heote (south-west midlands), Middle English heit (northern), Middle English hete, Middle English heyt (northern), Middle English heytt (northern), Middle English 1600s heete, late Middle English hette (Yorkshire). a1250 (?c1200) Sawles Warde (Titus) (1938) 7 Þe þridde suster..heateð [c1225 Bodl. hateð] ham alle þat nan of ham aȝain hire nohwer wið unmeað ne ga ouer mete.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) 11975 Heot [c1300 Otho hot] þas Rom-wæren alle mid griðen liðen heonne.a1350 in R. H. Robbins Hist. Poems 14th & 15th Cent. (1959) 7 Þe hayward heteþ vs harm to habben of his.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 5427 Heit [Fairf. hete] me truli, wit couenand.c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Man of Law's Tale (Ellesmere) (1871) l. 334 But oon auow to grete god I heete [c1405 Hengwrt hete].a1425 (c1333–52) L. Minot Poems (1914) 19 He hetes, and haldes ȝow noght.a1450 (c1412) T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum (Harl. 4866) (1897) 2218 Hym oghte..heete naght a deel..but if he wole it laste.c1450 (a1425) Metrical Paraphr. Old Test. (Selden) 3952 Þat wold not I, for all þis werld heyre I yow hette.?c1600 (c1515) Sc. Field (Lyme) 202 in I. F. Baird Poems Stanley Family (D.Phil. thesis, Univ. of Birm.) (1990) 238 I will wynde you to wreke, wees, I you heete. γ. Middle English hiȝt, Middle English hiȝte, Middle English hiht, Middle English hite, Middle English hith (chiefly northern and East Anglian), Middle English hyghte, Middle English hyghtte, Middle English hyt, Middle English hyte, Middle English–1600s hight, Middle English–1600s hyght, late Middle English heght; Scottish pre-1700 height, pre-1700 heycht, pre-1700 hicht, pre-1700 hycht, pre-1700 hyght, pre-1700 1700s– hecht /hɛxt/, pre-1700 1800s heght, pre-1700 1800s hight. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 5431 Truli now i þe hight [Gött. hite].c1429 Mirour Mans Saluacioune (1986) l. 421 It heghts divers richesse.c1480 (a1400) St. John Baptist l. 1022 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 252 Bath gold & fe hechtand hyme in-to plente.1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) vii. 156 The kyng, that hungry wes, I hicht [1489 Adv. hycht].c1550 Clariodus (1830) iv. 847 I vow and heightis thus.1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene vi. vii. sig. Ee8 She could or saue, or spill, whom she would hight.1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxv. viii. 224 Those that be so farre gone in a Phthisicke or consumption, as no man would hight them life and recouery.1673 J. Ray N. Countrey Words in Coll. Eng. Words 25 To Hight (Cumb.), to promise or vow.1789 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 479 He wad na hecht them courtly gifts..But he wad hecht an honest heart.1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. at Hecht Hecht him weel, and haud him sae.1872 J. S. Blackie Lays of Highlands 3 Molaise..Hights me go, and I obey.1913 H. P. Cameron tr. Thomas à Kempis Of Imitation of Christ i. xx. 31 Nevir hecht yersel sickerness i' this life.1991 H. Holton in T. Hubbard New Makars 131 Ah'll hecht ye ma heid. 2. Past tense. a. Strong. α. Old English heht, early Middle English hiegt, Middle English heght, Middle English heghut, Middle English heȝt, Middle English heyght, Middle English heyȝt, Middle English hieght, Middle English hiȝt, Middle English hiht, Middle English hit, Middle English hith, Middle English hycht, Middle English hyȝt, Middle English hygth, Middle English hyȝth, Middle English hyht, Middle English hyth, Middle English hytt, Middle English 1500s hyght, Middle English–1500s 1900s– hight, 1500s higth, 1600s height; Scottish pre-1700 heht, pre-1700 heicht, pre-1700 heycht, pre-1700 hicht, pre-1700 hycht, pre-1700 1700s haight, pre-1700 1700s height, pre-1700 1700s–1800s heght, pre-1700 1700s– hecht, 1700s heckt, 1800s hight. In Old English chiefly in verse (in Anglian sources and in West Saxon sources showing Anglian influence). In Middle English chiefly northern and north midlands. In Old English the 2nd singular indicative is only attested with weak inflectional ending, e.g. (Northumbrian) hehtes (see A. Campbell Old Eng. Gram. (1959) §735(d), and compare later Forms 2b); this appears to have been an isolated Northumbrian development, affecting only the 2nd singular indicative.eOE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Tanner) iii. i. 154 Þa dydon heo ealle swa he heht.a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 217 And hiegt him ded he sulde ben.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) 15656 Petre, wake wiþ me a stont, þus heȝt þou noȝt to me?a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 15660 Has þou nu al forgeten þat þou hight?c1480 (a1400) SS. Simon & Jude 122 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 211 He heycht to mend his stat.1568 Christis Kirk on Grene in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS (1928) II. 264 He hecht to perss him at the pap.1587 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Iland Brit. (new ed.) i. vii. 15/2 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) I He was so desperatlie wounded, that no man hight him life.1603 Philotus lxxviii. sig. C4^v The Carle that hecht sa weill to treit ȝow, I think sall get ane geck.1614 P. Forbes Def. Lawful Calling 29 He performed not alse truelie what hee height.c1700 G. Baillie in Orpheus Caled. (1725) 40 He haight me baith Rings and monie bra things.1762 in A. Ramsay Tea-table Misc. (ed. 13) 321 Willy height to marry me, Gin e'er he married ony.1793 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) II. 689 The Miller he hecht her a heart leal and loving.1843 G. W. Gillespie Misc. Poems 114 He hecht them ere gloamin' Her mantle should spread, He'd snug be beside them.1871 G. Macdonald Wks. Fancy & Imagination IV. 211 The lady..Harnessed the warrior, and hight him go.1926 E. R. Eddison Styrbiorn the Strong ix. 168 All they hight me in Hlymdale of old Hild the Helm'd, whoso knew me.1985 D. Purves Hou Finn Fand Bran (SCOTS) Sae Finn an his seivin men hecht ti staun watch i the Queen's chaumer, an watch thay did. β. early Old English–Middle English hett, Old English (rare)–early Middle English hæt, Old English (rare)–early Middle English heot, Old English–1500s het, early Middle English heit, early Middle English heitt, early Middle English hiet, Middle English heet, Middle English hete, Middle English heytt (northern). eOE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Tanner) iii. xii. 194 For æghwæðres cyninges sawle alesnesse, ge þæs ofslegenan ge þæs þe hine slean het.lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) (Peterborough interpolation) anno 675 Ða heot seo kining þone ærcebiscop Theodorus þet he scolde setton ealle gewitenemot.a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 7 Þe witeȝa het þet we sculde makien his stiȝes.a1225 (c1200) Vices & Virtues (1888) 99 Ðo ðe Crist sente his lierning-cnihtes in to ðe world..ðo hiet he hem ðat hie scolden..ðus seggen.c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) 645 To tristrem trewe in hold, He hete he wold him bring.c1450 (a1425) Metrical Paraphr. Old Test. (Selden) 13864 Gud hyre to haue þore he þem hett.c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 39^v Ho..frely me het That the mede shuld be myne.1562 T. Sternhold et al. Whole Bk. Psalmes (cxix. 76) 312 As thou to me thy seruant hetest. γ. late Middle English–1500s hote, 1600s hoght. c1425 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Liverpool Univ.) (1960) A. iii. l. 9 Hote [c1400 Trin. Cambr. Þe clerk þanne, as þe king hiȝte, Tok mede].a1475 Friar & Boy (Brogyntyn) in J. O. Halliwell Early Eng. Misc. (1855) 50 Thou schalt have gyftes thre As y hote the befor.1532 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Digby 145) (1960) A. v. 120 Hote [c1400 Trin. Cambr. to wynchestre..I was sent..as my maister me hiȝte].1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. July 164 A shepheard trewe, yet not so true, as he that earst I hote.a1637 B. Jonson Eng. Gram. i. xix, in Wks. (1640) III Pr[esent tense]. Hyght. Pa[st tense]. Hoght. Par[ticiple]. pa[st]. Hoght. b. Weak. early Middle English hæhte, early Middle English hætte, early Middle English hahte, early Middle English haihte, early Middle English heahte, early Middle English hechte, early Middle English hehtte, early Middle English heihte, early Middle English heiste, early Middle English heste, early Middle English heþte, early Middle English heyhte, Middle English heghte, Middle English heȝte, Middle English hehte, Middle English heiȝte, Middle English heted, Middle English hette, Middle English hettestou (2nd singular indicative, with personal pronoun affixed), Middle English heyȝþe, Middle English highte, Middle English hiȝte, Middle English higthe, Middle English hiȝthte, Middle English higtid, Middle English hihte, Middle English hite (chiefly East Anglian), Middle English hoted, Middle English hutte, Middle English hyghte, Middle English hyȝhte, Middle English hyȝte, Middle English hyȝthe, Middle English hyhte, Middle English hyte, Middle English hythe, late Middle English–1500s hatte, 1800s– hechtit (Scottish). a1225 (?c1175) Poema Morale (Lamb.) 268 in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 175 Þa..duden al þet þe laþe gast hechte to and tachte.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 7128 Bord heo hetten breden, cnihtes setten þer-to.a1300 (c1275) Physiologus (1991) 118 Knov, Cristene man, wat tu Crist hiȝtest;..Ðu hiȝtes to leuen on him.c1390 in C. Horstmann Minor Poems Vernon MS (1892) i. 95 Þorwh whom is be-tyd Þat to þe seed of Dauid Sum-tyme þe fader heted.c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Clerk's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 496 Youre pacience..That ye me highte and swore in yone village.a1464 J. Capgrave Abbreuiacion of Cron. (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 208 Notwithstanding þat þe kyng hite him þis, he was exiled.a1500 Trental St. Gregory (Adv.) 90 in Anglia (1891) 13 305 Helpe me, as þou hattest me!1532 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Digby 145) (1960) A. vii. 218 Hatte [c1400 Trin. Cambr. In sudore & swynke þou shalt..labouren for þi liflode, & so oure lord hiȝte].1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. at Hecht Your mother hechtit me a web this year.?2002 I. W. D. Forde Hale ir Sindries ii. vii. 166 The disjasket mene o this antrin veisitar hechtit taills o tryall an tribulance. 3. Past participle. a. Strong. α. Old English gehaton (rare), Old English gihaten (Northumbrian), Old English (Middle English early or northern) haten, Old English–early Middle English gehaten, late Old English gehatan, early Middle English ȝehaten, early Middle English ȝehatenn ( Ormulum), early Middle English ȝehaton, early Middle English ȝehotan, early Middle English ȝehote, early Middle English ȝehoten, early Middle English hatenn ( Ormulum), early Middle English hihote, early Middle English ihæten, early Middle English ihatan, early Middle English ihate, early Middle English ihaten, early Middle English ihoaten, early Middle English ioten, early Middle English oten, early Middle English yoten, Middle English hait (northern), Middle English hate (northern), Middle English hatin (northern), Middle English hoote, Middle English hooten, Middle English hote, Middle English hoten, Middle English hotyn, Middle English ihote, Middle English ihoten, Middle English yhoote, Middle English yhot, Middle English yhote, Middle English yhoten, late Middle English yhotte, 1600s hotten; Scottish pre-1700 hait, pre-1700 hatine, pre-1700 hatyne, pre-1700 hayt, pre-1700 hot. OE (Mercian) Rushw. Gospels: Matt. xxvii. 16 Qui dicebatur barrabbas : se wæs haten barrabas [c1200 Hatton gehaten].OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) i. 179 He wæs gehaten [a1225 Vesp. A.xxii ȝehoten] leohtberend.c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) Pref. l. 94 Þiss ennglisshe boc. Iss orrmulum ȝehatenn.a1225 (c1200) Vices & Virtues (1888) 149 On ðare ealde laȝe hit was ioten.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 1 An preost wes on leoden, Laȝamon wes ihoten [c1300 Otho was hote].c1300 (?c1225) King Horn (Cambr.) (1901) 201 Horn ihc am ihote [c1300 Laud hote, a1350 Harl. yhote].a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 14503 His nam was haten caifas.c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Reeve's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 21 His name was hoten [c1405 Ellesmere hoote, c1430 Cambr. Gg.4.27 hotyn] deynous Symkyn.c1475 (c1399) Mum & Sothsegger (Cambr. Ll.4.14) (1936) iii. 228 He was halowid and y-huntid and y-hotte trusse.a1500 (?a1325) Otuel & Roland (1935) 4 A conquerour that was y-hote syr Charlemayne.1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid vi. ix. 143 Tha pepil of Thessaly, That Lapytas ar hait.a1530 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Royal) viii. l. 5956 Throwch covyne off ane, that to name Hwde wes hatyne.a1643 W. Cartwright Ordinary (1651) iii. i. 37 Aldersgate Is hotten so from one that Aldrich hight. β. chiefly northern Old English gehatten (Northumbrian, rare), Middle English hatte, Middle English hatten, Middle English hattene, Middle English hattin, Middle English hattyn; Scottish pre-1700 hattin, pre-1700 hattyn, pre-1700 hattyne. OE (Northumbrian) Epist. Jerome to Damasus 2 Igitur hoc præsens praefatiuncula pollicetur quattuor tantum euangelistas : forðon ðis ondweard foresaegdnis uel gehatten bið uel gehaten is fewer ana godspelleras. ▸ 1357 J. Gaytryge Lay Folks' Catech. (York Min.) (1901) 470 The secund dedeli syn is hatten enuy.c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1977) 1322 As conquerour of vche a cost he cayser watȝ hatte.?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 6827 His name was hattyn cuthrede.a1550 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Wemyss) clxxiii. l. 5262 The toþer wes hattin Iohne þe Bruys. γ. early Middle English hogt, Middle English ahiȝt, Middle English heght, Middle English heȝt, Middle English heht, Middle English heyght, Middle English heyȝt, Middle English highte, Middle English hiȝt, Middle English hiȝte, Middle English hiȝtte, Middle English hiht, Middle English hite, Middle English hith, Middle English hyghte, Middle English hyȝt, Middle English hyht, Middle English hyhte, Middle English hyte, Middle English hythe, Middle English ihight, Middle English ihyȝt, Middle English yhiȝt, Middle English–1500s hyght, Middle English– hight, 1600s hoght; Scottish pre-1700 heicht, pre-1700 heichte, pre-1700 heycht, pre-1700 hicht, pre-1700 hyght, pre-1700 1700s heght, pre-1700 1700s hight, pre-1700 1800s height, pre-1700 1800s– hecht; N.E.D. (1898) also records a form Middle English yhyȝt. In Middle English chiefly northern and north midlandsa1250 Wohunge ure Lauerd in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 271 Þu hafdes me heht..to rixlen o þi rihthond crunet wið þe seluen.a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 34 Treuþe ichaue þe plyht to don þat ich haue hyht.a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) 586 Þat amiabul maide, alisaundrine a-hiȝt.a1400 Siege Jerusalem (Laud) (1932) 973 Y haue heylych heyȝt her forto lenge.c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Franklin's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 615 Wel ye woot what ye han hight [v.rr. hyȝt, hiȝt, hiht].a1500 Sir Degrevant (Cambr.) (1949) 1005 Þe Duk of Gerle hase i-hyȝt Þat he wol soupe here þis nyȝt.c1550 Clariodus (1830) i. 852 Scho buir him ane sonne height Clariodus Efter his eime.1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. ix. sig. X3^v An auncient booke, hight Briton moniments.a1637 B. Jonson Eng. Gram. i. xix, in Wks. (1640) III Pr[esent tense]. Hyght. Pa[st tense]. Hoght. Par[ticiple]. pa[st]. Hoght.1664 S. Butler Hudibras: Second Pt. ii. iii. 139 A cunning man, hight Sidrophel.1739 in Caledonian Mag. (1788) 500 His Cousin was a bierly Swank, A stier young man heght Robb.1772 T. Nugent tr. J. F. de Isla Hist. Friar Gerund I. 352 To the argent season succeeded the secle hight ferruginous.1812 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Cantos I & II i. iii. 4 Childe Harold was he hight.1846 Drummond's Muckomachy 8 Him followed..ae vile lurdon, Height Johnie Gordon.1908 F. W. Bourdillon Preludes & Romances 3 The tale is hight ‘The Choice of Adam’.1960 P. Anderson High Crusade xi. 87 Three fortresses are ample... There is one hight Stularax.?2002 I. W. D. Forde Hale ir Sindries ii. v. 155 A hae hecht ti byde heir fur hiz retour.2008 J. Lake Escapement v. 105 This man was hight Brass. δ. chiefly northern Middle English heit, Middle English heiten, Middle English het, Middle English hete, Middle English heton, Middle English hett, Middle English hette (north midlands); English regional 1700s het (Lancashire). a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 1524 Sco was heiten [Fairf. calde, Gött. cald] noema.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 9976 Þat roche þat es polist sa slight es maiden maria heit ful right.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 2658 As I bifore haue hette to þe.c1425 Prose Versions New Test.: Deeds (Cambr.) (1904) ii. 39 Vnto ȝow es hette a bihetynge.a1450 Castle Perseverance (1969) 2054 As we haue het Among vs in þis halle.a1500 (?a1400) Morte Arthur (1903) 2697 Suche an heste I haue hym hette.?1746 ‘T. Bobbin’ View Lancs. Dial. vi O lawm, fawse, owd felly; het on Elder. b. Weak. late Middle English hoted, 1500s–1600s highted; Scottish 1800s hechted, 1900s– hechtit; N.E.D. (1898) also records a form 1700s hechted (Scottish). a1425 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Borthwick Add. 196) (1960) A. ii. l. 181 Hoted [c1400 Trin. Cambr. He was..oueral yhuntid & yhote trusse].1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis iii. 50 For those plats Strophades in languadge Greekish ar highted.1692 T. Sprat Let. in Relation Wicked Contrivance S. Blackhead (1693) I. 8 The first Name Highted on being the Earl of Nottingham's.1838 J. Ballantine in Whistle-Binkie 1st Ser. (ed. 2) 33 Mony big loons hae hechted to wyle her awa.1908 J. Lumsden Doun i' th' Loudons 220 Had ‘Samil’ been slee he'd hae hechtit thee less.1983 W. L. Lorimer & R. L. C. Lorimer New Test. in Scots Heb. x. 385 Gif ye ar tae dae God's will an obtein what he hes hechtit ye.?2002 I. W. D. Forde Hale ir Sindries ii. iv. 148 As he hed hechtit, the ordinateir wes i guid fettil afoir nuin. 4. In Branch II. (Passive). a. Present stem. α. (a) indicative Old English hætte (rare), Old English hate (perhaps transmission error), Old English hattæ (rare), Old English hattan (plural), Old English hatton (plural), Old English–Middle English hatte, early Middle English hacte, Middle English hat, Middle English hatt, Middle English hattou (2nd singular, with personal pronoun affixed); Scottish pre-1700 hat. OE Riddle 10 11 Saga hwæt ic hatte.lOE Prose Dialogue of Solomon & Saturn I (1982) ix. 26 Saga me h[wæt] hatton þage.a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 159 Lusteð nu wich maiden þat is and hwat he hatte.a1325 (?a1300) in G. H. McKnight Middle Eng. Humorous Tales (1913) 22 Yo hat mayden malkyn,..Yo wonys at the tounes ende.1340 Ayenbite (1866) 1 Þis boc is dan Michelis of Northgate..; þet hatte Ayenbyte of inwyt.c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) 2445 Bertilak de Hautdesert I hat in þis londe.c1450 (c1380) G. Chaucer House of Fame (Fairf. 16) (1878) l. 1303 Hyt nedeth noght yow more to tellen..of kervynges Ne how they hat [c1475 Bodl. hate] in masoneries.a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) i. l. 1088 It hat Ysawria sa fayr. Next it lyis Scilicia.c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 16^v Þis stone..smaragden hit hat. (b) as infinitive and with personal endings Old English hattest (2nd singular indicative), early Middle English atte, Middle English hat (chiefly northern and north midlands), Middle English hatt (northern), Middle English hatte, Middle English hattestow (2nd singular indicative, with personal pronoun affixed). OE Metrical Charm: Nine Herbs (Harl. 585) 3 Una þu hattest, yldost wyrta.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 4143 Þu hattes Iulius Cezar.c1275 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Calig.) (1935) 255 Þu attest [a1300 Jesus Oxf. hattest] niȝtingale.a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) 813 Ðat burge..atteð cariatharbe.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 2650 Our lauerd..said he suld hatte abraham.a1425 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1869) I. 365 Zacarie..tolde what þe child shulde hatte.?a1475 Ludus Coventriae (1922) 147 I am an herde þat hattyht moyse.a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xiii. 151 What dewill shall he hatt?a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. x. 95 Godys son shall he hat.c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 161^v Sad men of Syens..Solstucion..sayn hit to hat. β. Old English hatan, Middle English hait (northern, 3rd singular indicative), Middle English haitt (northern, 3rd singular indicative), Middle English hate (chiefly northern), Middle English hate (chiefly northern, 3rd singular indicative), Middle English hoote, Middle English hote, Middle English ote, late Middle English hotheth (3rd singular indicative, transmission error), 1500s hooth (3rd singular indicative); Scottish pre-1700 hait, pre-1700 hait (3rd singular indicative), pre-1700 hate, pre-1700 hayt, pre-1700 hot (3rd singular indicative). In Old English in finite forms and in constructions of the infinitive where the infinitive would normally be expected to be active in sense. In quot. OE¹ perhaps after cognate Old Saxon hētan (in a lost section of the source), which regularly has the sense ‘to be called’.OE Genesis B 344 Cwæð se hehsta hatan sceolde Satan siððan.OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) i. 182 He..axode adam hu heo hatan sceolde.OE tr. Pseudo-Apuleius Herbarium (Vitell.) (1984) clxv. 208 Wiþ misenlice leahtras ðæs bæcþearmas [read bæcþearmes] þa ragadas hatað.c1225 (?OE) Homily: Sicut Oves absque Pastore (Worcester F.174) in J. Hall Select. Early Middle Eng. (1920) I. 1 He þeo c[not]ten unwreih þe questiuns hoteþ.c1275 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Calig.) (1935) 256 Þu miȝtest bet hoten [a1300 Jesus Oxf. hote] galegale.c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 2066 Þe oþer brutainel hit ssal hote. ▸ a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. l. 1327 Of here name in general Thei hoten alle Satiri.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 7324 Omang þir puple sal þou latt A stalworth man þat saul haitt [Fairf. hatte].c1425 (?a1400) Arthur (Longleat 55) 614 Now hyt hooteþ Glastyngbury.a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail liii. 276 A worthy knyht that Aftyr the schal hoten ful Ryht.?c1510 tr. Newe Landes & People founde by Kynge of Portyngale sig. Aiij Oon aforemontayen and hooth caput viride.1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid ii. 58 Quhilkis, eist, south, and waist wyndis hait [v.r. hate] with ws. γ. chiefly west midlands Middle English heet (3rd singular indicative), Middle English het, Middle English hett (3rd singular indicative), Middle English hette, Middle English hette (3rd singular indicative), Middle English hettestou (2nd singular indicative, with personal pronoun affixed), late Middle English heteth (3rd singular indicative). a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Nero) (1952) 59 Þe earn deð in his neste enne deorewurðe ȝimston ðet hette achate.c1330 Otuel (Auch.) (1882) 82 Ich am comen her..To speke..wiþ a kniȝt þat heet Roulond. ▸ a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 355 Frixus and his suster Elles..were adraynt in þe see þat heet Ellespontus.c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. x. 17 Þe Cunstable of þe Castel..Is a wys kniht wiþ alle; Sire Inwit he hette.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) 2650 Þou hettest now abrahame.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) 12500 To þis mon þat hett as þow Ne dostou grace.a1425 (a1400) Titus & Vespasian 479 in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1903) 111 293 I hette Nathaan.c1450 (a1400) Chevalere Assigne 232 in W. H. French & C. B. Hale Middle Eng. Metrical Romances (1930) 867 Þe ȝondur is my Qwene, Betryce she hette.1485 Malory's Morte Darthur (Caxton) vii. ii. sig. miij^v What heteth your lady and where dwelleth she? δ. (a) early Middle English hæhte, early Middle English hahte, Middle English heght, Middle English heyghte, Middle English heyghtte, Middle English highte, Middle English hiȝt, Middle English higte, Middle English hiȝte, Middle English hiht, Middle English hyȝt, Middle English hyȝte, Middle English hyȝth, Middle English hyht, Middle English hyte, Middle English 1600s 2000s– hight, Middle English–1500s hyght, 1600s height; Scottish pre-1700 hecht, pre-1700 heght; (b) 3rd singular indicative early Middle English hæhte, early Middle English heiȝte, early Middle English heiȝtte, early Middle English heite, Middle English heght, Middle English height, Middle English heith, Middle English heithe, Middle English heyghtte, Middle English highte, Middle English hiȝt, Middle English hiȝte, Middle English hiht, Middle English hihte, Middle English hite, Middle English hith, Middle English hycht, Middle English hyhte, Middle English hyte, Middle English hythtis, Middle English–1500s hyght, Middle English–1600s highteth, Middle English–1600s 1900s– hight, 1600s hights; Scottish pre-1700 hecht. a1275 in C. Brown Eng. Lyrics 13th Cent. (1932) 38 Wolte sulle þi louerd, þat heite iesus?c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) 13049 Nu hit hæhte Munt Seint Myhhel.?a1300 Dame Sirith 175 in G. H. McKnight Middle Eng. Humorous Tales (1913) 8 Wiþ muchel hounsele ich lede mi lif, And þat is for on suete wif Þat heiȝtte margeri.?c1350 Ballad Sc. Wars 51 in A. Brandl & O. Zippel Mitteleng. Sprach- u. Literaturproben (1917) 138/1 Ferli frained þou wat hi hith, Þat þou salt noth with my name.c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 699 I was wont to highte [c1415 Lansd. hiht, c1425 Petworth hiȝt, c1430 Cambr. Gg.4.27 hyȝte] Arcite Now highte [Lansd. hiht, Petworth hight] I Philostrate.a1450 Partonope of Blois (Univ. Coll. Oxf.) (1912) 2655 There ys a kyng that highteth Agysore.c1455 Speculum Misericordie in PMLA (1939) 54 945 Meeknesse, Charite, and pacience, Labowr, largenesse this fyve heyghtte; Thee laste save oon heyghtte abstinence.c1525 J. Rastell New Commodye Propertes of Women sig. Aii S. What hyght she. C. melebea is her name.1580 Sir P. Sidney tr. Psalmes David xxiv. vi Even He the King of glory hight.a1643 W. Cartwright Ordinary ii. ii, in W. C. Hazlitt Dodsley's Sel. Coll. Old Eng. Plays (1875) XII. 241 How highteth she, say you?1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. iii. 122 Pure Heavenly Love I hight.1934 R. Pitter Coll. Poems (1996) 39 List to o ladye ye louesomest of alle Lionor that hight.1990 V. Forrest-Thomson Three Proper in Coll. Poems & Trans. 39 That hight Phantastes by its nature true.2001 E. Kirner Lesser Kindred (new ed.) viii. 159 I hight Hadretikantishilrrar, of the line of Issdra. ε. 1500s hotte (3rd singular indicative). 1532 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Digby 145) (1960) A. xi. 118 Hotte [c1400 Trin. Cambr. þe longe launde þat leccherie hatte, Leue hym on þi left half.]. b. Past tense. α. Old English hatta (rare), Old English hatton (plural), Old English–Middle English hatte, late Old English hætte; Scottish pre-1700 hat. OE Ælfric Lives of Saints (Julius) (1881) I. 432 Anna hatta hyre fæder East Engla cynincg.lOE Prose Dialogue of Solomon & Saturn I (1982) xiii. 27 Þa gestrinde he bæarn on hys cnihthade se hætte Enos.c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (Royal) (1981) 3 Wide him weox weorre on euch halue, ant nomeliche in an lond Yrie [read Ylirie] hatte.c1300 (c1250) Floris & Blauncheflur (Cambr.) (1966) l. 479 Clarice hatte þat maide hende. ▸ a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. l. 1082 God of medicine He hatte after that ilke line.?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) 377 Hardebrechins þe cite hatte Þat þe childe was baptyst atte.a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) i. l. 870 For it was set betweyn þa twa, It hat Mesopotamya.a1525 (a1500) Sc. Troy Bk. (Douce) l. 1553 in C. Horstmann Barbour's Legendensammlung (1882) II. 273 A king was þane That..to his name hat [?a1600 Cambr. hate] Tytydes. β. chiefly west midlands and southern early Middle English hete (probably transmission error), early Middle English hiet, Middle English heet, Middle English het, Middle English hete, Middle English hett, Middle English hette. a1225 ( Ælfric's Homily De Initio Creaturae (Vesp. A.xxii) in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 227 His sune hete [perh. read het; OE Royal hatte] arfaxat.c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 32 A Meiden dyna het..eode ut.c1330 Otuel (Auch.) (1882) 911 Ogger Mette wiþ on þat heet moter.1340 Ayenbite (1866) 124 An old filosofe, þet hette platoun.1340 Ayenbite (1866) 133 Ane sergont þet hette semey..him þreu mid stones. ▸ a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 79 Þre knyȝtes..heet Oracius,..þre knyȝtes..heet Curiacius, and were also i-bore at oon burþen.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) 2594 She serued hir þis womman þat Agar hett Egipcian.a1425 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Linc. Inn) (1952) 2644 Ethmes hette heore kyng.a1450 ( G. Chaucer Bk. Duchess (Tanner 346) (1871) l. 948 Gode fayre white she hete [c1450 Fairf. het; rhyme grete].c1450 (c1400) Emaré (1908) 34 Dame Erayne hette þat emperes.a1525 Eng. Conquest Ireland (Trin. Dublin) (1896) 2 [An] heighe man in Irland, þat het dermond Macmorgh. γ. early Middle English hæhte, early Middle English haihte, early Middle English hehte, early Middle English heihte, early Middle English heiste, early Middle English heþte, early Middle English heyȝtte, early Middle English heyte, early Middle English hicte, early Middle English higte, early Middle English huchte (south-west midlands), Middle English hecht, Middle English heght, Middle English heȝt, Middle English heȝte, Middle English heht, Middle English height, Middle English heiȝhte, Middle English heiȝte, Middle English heiht, Middle English heyȝt, Middle English heyth, Middle English highte, Middle English hiȝt, Middle English hiȝte, Middle English hiȝth, Middle English hiht, Middle English hit, Middle English hite, Middle English hith, Middle English hitt, Middle English hyȝht, Middle English hyȝt, Middle English hyȝte, Middle English hygth, Middle English hyȝtte, Middle English hyth, Middle English 1600s– hight, Middle English–1600s hyght, late Middle English hyeȝte; Scottish pre-1700 hecht, pre-1700 heght, pre-1700 hicht, pre-1700 hycht, 1800s– hight. c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (Royal) (1981) 7 In þis ilke burh wes wuniende a meiden..anes kinges, cost hehte, anlepi dohter.?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 45 Ameiden, huchte dina, iacobes dochter,..heode vt.a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) 713 Hur hicte ðe tun.a1400 (?a1350) Seege Troye (Egerton) (1927) 28 An hyer kyng..had a nevew þat hiȝt [c1450 Arms hyth, a1475 Harl. hit] Iasoun.c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 719 At this gentil hostelrye That highte [c1415 Lansd. hiht, c1430 Cambr. Gg.4.27 hyȝte] the tabard.1447 O. Bokenham Lives of Saints (Arun.) (1938) 3148 Þer was..A wurþi kyng, & Maurus hecht he.a1525 (a1500) Sc. Troy Bk. (Douce) l. 2062 in C. Horstmann Barbour's Legendensammlung (1882) II. 282 Now þis Agamenone..Had o sone..That to his name Arestes hicht.?1556 N. Smyth tr. Herodian Hist. sig. F4 His wife named Progne..had a sister which hight Philomela.a1643 W. Cartwright Ordinary (1651) iii. i. 37 Aldersgate Is hotten so from one that Aldrich hight.1669 Hist. Sir Eger 3 There was into that Earles train A young Knight that heght Sir Grahame.1714 J. Gay Shepherd's Week ii. 20 A Lass that Cic'ly hight, had won his Heart.1841 H. W. Longfellow Children Lord's Supper 48 Father he hight and he was in the parish.1876 J. S. Blackie Songs Relig. & Life 145 Quoth Oliphant—so hight the questioning clerk.1923 C. M. Doughty Mansoul (rev. ed.) v. 190 Colin wist what She hight, But left untold. δ. 1500s hot, 1500s hote; Scottish pre-1700 hait, pre-1700 hate, pre-1700 hot. a1500 Lancelot of Laik (1870) l. 754 The kyng An hundereth knychtis cold, And so he hot, (for neuermore he wolde Ryd of his lond, but In his cumpany O hundyre knyghtis).1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Sept. 194 Lowder (for so his dog hote).1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. xi. sig. L3 It rightly hot The well of life. Additional evidence is provided by Ling. Atlas Late Mediaeval Eng., which records the following Middle English forms, without specifying their grammatical form or sense: heȝyt, heiȝ, heiȝt, heythe, hiȝht, hitte, hiyht, hyghȝt, hygthte, hythte. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian hēta (West Frisian hijtte ), Old Saxon hētan (Middle Low German hēten , heiten ), Old Dutch hētan (Middle Dutch heeten , Dutch heten ), Old High German heizan (Middle High German heizen , German heißen ), Early Runic hait- , Old Icelandic heita , Old Swedish heta (Swedish heta ), Old Danish hetæ (Danish hedde ), Gothic haitan , further etymology uncertain, probably < the same Indo-European base as Buddhist Sogdian -s'yð- (in 'ns'yð- to exhort), Ossetic sid- , sed- to call, or perhaps < the same Indo-European base as classical Latin ciēre to set in motion, to call, to summon (see cite v.), although this poses formal problems. Compare hote n., hest n., and slightly later hight n.³ Form history: (i) the active verb. In Old English a strong verb of Class VII, belonging to a small subgroup derived from Germanic verbs whose past tense was formed by reduplication (see A. Campbell Old Eng. Gram. (1959) §746, R. M. Hogg & R. D. Fulk Gram. Old Eng. (2011) II. §§6.70–1, and compare discussion at read v.). This pattern is shown by the strong past tense heht (see Forms 2aα. ; the quantity of the vowel in Old English is not entirely certain); compare Gothic haihait . Strong past tense forms such as hēt (see Forms 2aβ. ) show assimilation to non-reduplicative Class VII verbs; compare Old Frisian hēt , hīt , Old Saxon hēt , Old High German hiaz . The historical present stem, past tense, and past participle forms are reflected respectively by Forms1α. , 2aα. (and 2aβ. ), and 3aα. . From early Middle English onwards there is widespread levelling of historical past tense forms to the present (see Forms 1β. , 1γ. ) and to the past participle (see Forms 3aγ. , 3aδ. ); the only surviving current forms of the word (i.e. hight , (Scots) hecht ) ultimately originate from historical (reduplicated) past tense forms (see Forms 2aα. ). From early Middle English onwards weak past tense forms with final -e developed based on various forms of the present or strong past tenses (see Forms 2b, e.g. highte, hette). The model of the Old English passive form hātte , used as past tense (see Forms 4bα. and compare note below), may have contributed to the early development of these (perhaps compare also note at Forms 2aα. ). Some of the Middle English and later examples of the surviving hight -type may have developed from forms of the weak past tense (Forms 2b, e.g. highte), with loss of the final -e . The stem vowel i of the modern standard form hight is apparently the result of palatal mutation in Old English, although such forms are not attested until early Middle English. Form history: (ii) passive forms. This is the only verb in Old English to continue forms inherited from the inflected Germanic passive. Old English hātte formally corresponds to the Gothic 3rd singular present indicative passive haitada (one of a number of attested passive forms in that language). In Old English, the form superficially resembles a weak past tense; it functions as 1st and 3rd singular and has a plural form hātton . These forms are attested only in the sense ‘to be called’ (i.e. sense 4, corresponding to active sense 1). Probably partly because of the formal resemblance to the preterite, the forms hātte and hātton are used in Old English with reference to past tense as well as present tense. This is a factor that may have contributed (conversely) to the subsequent spread of forms of the active past stem (especially Middle English heght- , hight- , etc., but also hēt- ) to the present tense; however, this development occurs in senses which continue use of active forms (see Forms 1β. , 1γ. ) as well as in sense 4, which reflects the original passive (see Forms 4aγ. , 4aδ. ). The formal (as opposed to semantic) distinction between active and passive is lost during the Middle English period, as forms with passive sense are overwhelmingly supplied from the active system. Prefixed forms. In Old English the prefixed form gehātan to order, to command, to bid, to summon, to name, to promise, to assert (compare y- prefix) is also attested; compare also ahātan to name (compare a- prefix¹), behātan behight v., forhātan forhight v., onhātan to promise (compare on- prefix), and (with double prefixation) foregehātan to promise, to enjoin, instruct (compare fore- prefix and y- prefix). The sense ‘to promise’ (compare sense 3) is more common for prefixed gehātan in Old English than for the simplex and is also the main sense of prefixed behātan, onhātan, and foregehātan. Now archaic. I. To name, to command, to promise, and related senses. 1. transitive. To call, name; to designate as. Formerly also in †his (or her) name is hight —— (obsolete). Now chiefly in past participle. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > naming > give a name to [verb (transitive)] > call or give as name to nemneOE clepec1000 hightOE sayOE nameOE yclepec1175 callc1300 nevena1400 deemc1400 christena1470 nominate1545 term1545 titulea1550 behight1579 benamea1586 inquire1590 nuncupate1609 indigitate1623 font1652 vocitate1653 express1659 appellate1768 nomenclature1824 OE Acct. Voy. Ohthere & Wulfstan in tr. Orosius Hist. (Tiber.) (1980) i. i. 15 Þa deor hi hatað hranas. OE tr. Pseudo-Apuleius Herbarium (Vitell.) (1984) xci. 134 Wið þa adle ðe man litargum hateð, þæt ys on ure geþeode ofergytulnys cweden. a1225 MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 77 Þu scald..bere knaue child, and haten hit helend. c1225 (?c1200) St. Juliana (Bodl.) 527 Sathanas..tu leuest up on & ti feader hatest. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 1427 To hire he hefde loue & læfdi heo hehte. c1330 St. Katherine (Auch.) l. 8 in C. Horstmann Altengl. Legenden (1881) 2nd Ser. 242/1 (MED) Hir name was hoten Katerine. a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 405 (MED) Þat menskful mayde melior was hoten. ?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 477 A bischop hight Eugenius. a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xvi. 192 Emanuell is hete, His name for to lere. c1540 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. Proem sig. A.iii^v And finalie I knew be thair consentis This ane virtew, that othir hecht delite. 1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis i. 8 Thee Romans of his owne name, Romulus, highting. 1605 R. Verstegan tr. in Restit. Decayed Intelligence iii. 83 The nether Saxons are hight now Friesians. a1643 W. Cartwright Ordinary (1651) iii. i. 37 One Harlotha Concubine To deignous Wilhelme, hight the Conqueror. a1754 W. Hamilton Maid of Gallowshiels i, in Poems & Songs (1850) 24 The first famed author of our ancient race Was Colin hight. 1772 T. Nugent tr. J. F. de Isla Hist. Friar Gerund I. 352 To the argent season succeeded the secle hight ferruginous. 1821 in Jrnl. Cork Hist. & Archaeol. Soc. (1893) 130 I mean not the second—O Fogarty hight—who can speak for himself. 1889 M. M. Harper Bards of Galloway 50 An' they hecht it the Galloway flail. 1911 E. Pound Canzoni 9 That azure feldspar hight the microcline. 1926 E. R. Eddison Styrbiorn the Strong ix. 168 All they hight me in Hlymdale of old Hild the Helm'd, whoso knew me. a1978 A. S. Borrowman Buik o Ruth & Ither Wark in Lallans (1979) (Ruth i. 2) 13 The man was hecht Elimelech. 1999 P. Anderson War of Gods (new ed.) xxvii. 232 A man hight Tosti. He it was who broke the long peace. †2. a. transitive. To command, bid (a person, etc.); chiefly with infinitive or clause as complement, expressing the thing or act commanded. Also: to order, ordain (a thing or act). Also intransitive. Obsolete (Scottish in later use).In quot. 1822: (perhaps) to beseech, implore.Apparently not attested in 17th and 18th centuries. ΘΚΠ society > authority > command > command or bidding > command [verb (transitive)] i-bedea800 highteOE bid971 bibedec1000 ordainc1325 warnc1380 commanda1382 tella1475 mand1483 wishc1515 hest1582 behight1591 order1609 mandate1623 warrant1632 eOE (Mercian) Memorandum on Land at Bromsgrove & Inkberrow, Worcs. (Sawyer 1432) (transcript of lost MS) in A. J. Robertson Anglo-Saxon Charters (1956) 6 Þa sende he his erendwreocan to Wulfheard..& heht þæt he cuome to him. OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) xxvii. 405 We dydon swa swa ðu us hete. OE Ælfric Gram. (St. John's Oxf.) 125 Þæt oðer modvs ys imperativvs, þæt ys, bebeodendlic: mid þam gemete we hatað oðre menn don sum ðing. a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 211 He..ne wile don þat god him het..and doð þat þe deuel het. a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 31 (MED) Þenne þe preost hine hat aȝefen þa ehte þon monne þet hit er ahte. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 214 Hat him ut heterliche þefule cur dogge. ?a1300 Fox & Wolf 36 in G. H. McKnight Middle Eng. Humorous Tales (1913) 26 (MED) Be stille, ich hote, a godes nome! c1300 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Otho) (1978) 15750 We beoþ icome ase þou hauest i-hote. c1300 Life & Martyrdom Thomas Becket (Harl. 2277) (1845) 2027 We hoteth the ek in his half that thu assoilli also The Bischop[s] that thu hast in sentence ido. a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 1082 [He] het hem alle hiȝe þider as harde as þei miȝt. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 413 Ȝif þe prince of þe lond hote, Briddes syngeþ wiþ mery note. c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. iii. l. 9 Corteisliche þe Clerk þo, as þe kyng hihte, Tok þe Mayden bi þe Middel. c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. i. l. 17 He hihte þe eorþe to seruen ow vchone. c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. ii. l. 218 He was..Ouer al yhowted and yhote trusse. c1450 (c1380) G. Chaucer House of Fame (Fairf. 16) (1878) l. 1719 Blowe thy trumpes..Eolus y hote. c1450 (a1375) Octavian (Calig.) (1979) l. 231 Þe iustyce het men schold her lede Out of þe cyte. c1560 A. Scott Poems (1902) 11 Sym said he sett nocht by his forss Bot hecht he sowld be hittin, And he micht counter Will on horss. 1822 H. Ainslie Pilgrimage to Land of Burns 43 An' sair the bonny bairnies grat, An' hecht her aye to bide. 1871 G. Macdonald Wks. Fancy & Imagination IV. 211 The lady..Harnessed the warrior, and hight him go. 1872 J. S. Blackie Lays of Highlands 3 Molaise..Hights me go, and I obey. b. transitive. To command (a person or group) to come to or assemble in a place; to summon, call. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > command > command or bidding > command [verb (transitive)] > summon lathec900 hightOE clepec1000 ofclepeOE ofsendOE warna1250 callc1300 summonc1300 incalla1340 upcallc1340 summonda1400 becallc1400 ofgredec1400 require1418 assummonc1450 accitec1475 provoke1477 convey1483 mand1483 whistle1486 vocatec1494 wishc1515 to call up1530 citea1533 convent1540 convocate1542 prorogate1543 accersit1548 whistle for1560 advocatea1575 citate1581 evocate1639 demand1650 to warn in1654 summons1694 invoke1697 to send for1744 to turn up1752 requisition1800 whip1857 OE Vercelli Homilies (1992) x. 213 We syndon þyder gelaðode & gehatene [c1175 Bodl. 343 ihatene] to þan halegan [ham] & to þam cynelycan friðstole. OE Daniel 531 Ða wæs to ðam dome Daniel haten. c1225 (?c1200) St. Juliana (Bodl.) l. 492 Heo þe weren ihaten forð & funden hire þus..leadden hire þah forð. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 141 In what place it euere be..þat þe primate of Engelond wil hote and constreyne and gadre a counsail of clergie. c1400 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Laud) (1952) l. 2666 His ost he hoteþ [a1425 Linc. Inn hyȝt] þider snelle. a1500 (?a1325) Otuel & Roland (1935) l. 2104 Whenne ch[arly]s hadde y-hote tho The best bedyes [read bodyes] that were tho, with roulond..thay ȝede. 1591 E. Spenser Daphnaïda 11 Ne let the Sacred Sisters here be hight, Though they of sorrowe heavilie can sing. 3. a. transitive. To promise, vow; to pledge. Later also: to give promise of; to prophesy, portend. Frequently with double object. Also intransitive: to make a promise. Cf. behight v. 1. Scottish in later use. Now rare.Assignment of quot. OE² to this sense depends on emendation of the text; in order to avoid this, alternative (and otherwise unattested) meanings of the verb have sometimes been suggested, e.g. ‘to dedicate (a pagan idol)’ or ‘to invoke (a pagan idol)’. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > assurance, confirmation, or guarantee > [phrase] witc900 hightOE to stand for it?a1500 take my word for it1576 I protest1587 I warrant me1825 the mind > language > speech > agreement > promise > promise or vow [verb (transitive)] swearc825 hightOE behighta1000 behestc1175 bespeakc1320 queatha1325 vow1338 avowc1374 undertakec1385 forhighta1400 forsweara1400 hest14.. promitc1422 promise1430 protest1430 to swear outa1440 to swear to ——1598 pollicitate1657 OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: Luke (headings to readings) lxxiii Relinquentibus propter nomen suum temporalia dominus aeterna promittit : forletrum fore noma his lytlo drihten ece heht. OE Cynewulf Juliana 53 Gif þu to sæmran gode þurh deofolgield dæde biþencest, hætsð hæþenfeoh [MS hæþenweoh], ne meaht þu habban mec. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 4922 Þatt tatt icc het drihhtin. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 11669 Ȝet ich wulle haten [c1300 Otho hote] mare. c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 815 Tristrem dede as he hiȝt. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 5429 Hite me treuli þu þi selue Sal me wid min eldris delue. c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Man of Law's Tale (Ellesmere) (1871) l. 334 Oon auow to grete god I heete. ?a1425 Mandeville's Trav. (Egerton) (1889) 2 Þis es þe land þat es hight til vs in heritage. c1480 (a1400) St. John Baptist 1022 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 252 Bath gold & fe hechtand hyme in-to plente. 1543 ( Chron. J. Hardyng (1812) 304 Euer y^e kyng Edward hight men greate hyre, Hym for to take. 1568 Christis Kirk on Grene in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS (1928) II. 264 He hecht to perss him at the pap Thair on to wed a weddir. 1587 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Iland Brit. (new ed.) i. vii. 15/2 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) I He was so desperatlie wounded, that no man hight him life. 1599 A. Hume Hymnes v. 26 Yet as I haight, so sall I hald, to magnifie the Lord. 1614 P. Forbes Def. Lawful Calling 29 He performed not alse truelie what hee height. 1724 A. Ramsay Tea-table Misc. (1733) II. 182 Rob my eem hecht me a stock. 1793 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) II. 689 The Miller he hecht her a heart leal and loving. 1807 R. Tannahill Kebbuckston in Poems (1846) 139 Sauney M'Nab..Has hecht to..gi'e us three wallops of merry shan trews. 1843 G. W. Gillespie Misc. Poems 114 He hecht them ere gloamin' Her mantle should spread, He'd snug be beside them. 1885 J. Lumsden Rural Rhymes 219 Something, Athie, loors on me—That hechts death's comin' blow! 1928 J. G. Horne Lan'wart Loon 10 Thro' slaps he breenged that hecht fu' weel, But fanklt on the leg or heel. 1985 D. Purves Hou Finn Fand Bran (SCOTS) Sae Finn an his seivin men hecht ti staun watch i the Queen's chaumer, an watch thay did. ?2002 I. W. D. Forde Hale ir Sindries ii. v. 155 A hae hecht ti byde heir fur hiz retour. †b. transitive and intransitive. With subordinate clause as object or parenthetically within or after a statement: to convey assurance of some fact; to assert confidently or emphatically; to declare. Chiefly with indirect object in I hight you: ‘I promise you’, ‘I assure you’. Cf. behight v. 3. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > assurance, confirmation, or guarantee > assure, confirm, or guarantee [verb (transitive)] certify1330 highta1375 testify1393 fortifyc1449 avoucha1513 aver1548 vouch1591 a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 1123 So harde þei hiȝed þan, i hote þe for soþe. c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 402 (MED) Maysterful mod and hyȝe pryde, I hete þe, arn heterly hated here. tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) iii. l. 936 Also this y yow hete—I preued haue. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) vii. 156 The kyng, that hungry wes, I hicht [1489 Adv. hycht]. 1523 J. Skelton Goodly Garlande of Laurell sig. Cii Mache mischefe I hyght you, amonge theem ther happid. ?1553 (c1501) G. Douglas Palice of Honour (London) i. l. 422 in Shorter Poems (1967) 34 Baith extre and quhelis of gold I hote. ?c1600 (c1515) Sc. Field (Lyme) 202 in I. F. Baird Poems Stanley Family (D.Phil. thesis, Univ. of Birm.) (1990) 238 I will wynde you to wreke, wees, I you heete. II. intransitive. To call oneself, be called. (In Old English realized by the historically passive forms (singular) hātte, (plural) hātton).) 4. With a name, title, or appellation as complement. To call oneself, be called, be known as; to have as a name or designation. Now archaic and only in the invariable form hight. ΚΠ eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) lviii. 445 On ðæm bocum ðe hatton Apocalipsin. OE West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xiii. 55 Hu ne hatte [L. dicitur] hys modor Maria? lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) (Peterborough contin.) anno 1129 Se oðer het Gregorius: he wæs clerc. a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 127 (MED) Þis child shal hoten godes prophete. c1225 (?c1200) St. Juliana (Bodl.) 14 (MED) Hire fleshliche feader affrican hehte. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 4143 Þu hattes Iulius Cezar. c1300 (?c1225) King Horn (Cambr.) (1901) 7 Godhild het his quen. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. iii. i. 90 A man hatte [1535 hight, 1582 is called] antropos in grewe. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 3948 ‘Tel me nam’, [he] said, ‘quat es þin?’ ‘Iacob i hatt’ [Gött. hate, Trin. Cambr. het]. c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 719 At this gentil hostelrye That highte [v.rr. hyȝte, hiht] the tabard. a1425 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1869) I. 365 (MED) Zacarie..tolde what þe child shulde hatte. a1450 York Plays (1885) 229 (MED) What hytist þou? 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid ii. 58 Quhilkis, eist, south, and waist wyndis hait [v.r. hate] with ws. c1525 J. Rastell New Commodye Propertes of Women sig. Aii S. What hyght she. C. melebea is her name. 1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) I. 6 In Grece..duelt ane king, the quhilk hecht Æalus. c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 66^v Not Delphon but delos sum demyt hit to hat. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. xi. sig. L3 It rightly hot The well of life. 1600 E. Fairfax tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne i. Argt. 1 He sends them to the fort that Sion hights. 1641 W. Prynne Antipathie 154 Hightest thou Vrse? Have thou Gods curse. ?1656 Renowned Robin Hood (single sheet) The King hath Archers of his own, full ready and full light, And these be strangers every one, no man knows what they height. 1663 S. Butler Hudibras: First Pt. i. i. 12 In School-Divinity as able As he that hight Irrefragable. 1714 J. Gay Shepherd's Week ii. 20 A Lass that Cic'ly hight, had won his Heart. 1841 H. W. Longfellow Children Lord's Supper 48 Father he hight and he was in the parish. 1875 E. Magnússon & W. Morris tr. Three Northern Love Stories 124 Then the king asked what they hight, and the earl said, ‘Sigmund and Helgi.’ 1889 ‘M. Twain’ Connecticut Yankee xi. 129 ‘Your name, please?’ ‘I hight the Demoiselle Alisande la Carteloise, an it please you.’ 1897 M. Armour tr. Fall of Nibelungs 47 Once we hight warriors, and shall we perish in this country by the hand of a woman? 1960 P. Anderson High Crusade ii. xv, in Astounding Sci. Fact & Fiction Aug. 163/2 ‘Are you another star-traveling race?’ ‘We hight Englishmen,’ Sir Roger evaded. 2001 E. Kirner Lesser Kindred (new ed.) viii. 159 I hight Hadretikantishilrrar, of the line of Issdra. I beseech thee in the name of our people, speak. †III. Used in 16th cent., by Spenser, in various senses not otherwise exemplified. pseudo-archaic. 5. transitive. To mention, speak about; to designate. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > naming > give a name to [verb (transitive)] > mention by name nemneOE anemnOE nameOE nevena1400 nominate1570 bename1579 hight1579 namefy1589 personate1592 1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. July 164 A shepherd trewe, yet not so true As he that earst I hote. 1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene vi. vii. sig. Ee8 She could or saue, or spill, whom she would hight . View more context for this quotation 6. transitive. To mean, intend. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > intention > intend [verb (transitive)] willeOE meaneOE minteOE i-muntec1000 thinkOE ettlea1200 intenta1300 meanc1330 forn-castc1374 intendc1374 ettlea1400 drive1425 proposec1425 purpose1433 attend1455 suppose1474 pretend1477 mindc1478 minda1513 pretence1565 appurpose1569 to drive at ——1574 thought to1578 hight1579 pretent1587 fore-intend1622 pre-intend1647 design1655 study1663 contemplate1794 purport1803 the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > meaning of linguistic unit > convey meaning [verb (intransitive)] soundc1374 hight1579 breathe1697 read1891 1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Sept. 172 Say it out, Diggon, what euer it hight, For not but well mought him betight. 1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene v. xi. sig. X2^v But the sad steele seizd not, where it was hight, Vppon the childe, but somewhat short did fall. View more context for this quotation 7. transitive. To assign. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > duties > [verb (transitive)] > assign a task to a person setc1175 task1530 hight1590 taska1592 stint1844 let1850 to set on1852 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. iv. sig. C8^v Yet charge of them was to a Porter hight. 8. transitive. To consign, entrust. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > delegated authority > investing with delegated authority > vest authority in a person [verb (transitive)] > commission to do something > commit to a person to do limitc1405 hight1596 encommend1598 1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene iv. x. sig. K3^v An hundred brasen caudrons bright..Euery of which was to a damzell hight . View more context for this quotation This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2014; most recently modified version published online June 2022). † hightv.² Forms: Old English hihtan, Old English hihte (past tense), Old English hihtiende (present participle, rare), Old English hyht (3rd singular present indicative), Old English hyhtan, Old English hyhte (past tense), Old English hyhtte (past tense, rare), Old English hyhtade (Northumbrian, past tense), Old English–early Middle English hiht (3rd singular present indicative), late Old English hiehtan (Kentish), late Old English hihtte (past tense), early Middle English hiȝte, early Middle English hihte, early Middle English hyhte. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: hight n.¹ Etymology: < hight n.¹In Old English usually a weak Class I verb; occasional weak Class II forms are attested (e.g. present participle hihtiende, past tense hyhtade). In Old English the prefixed form gehyhtan (compare y- prefix) is also attested in the same senses; compare also behyhtan to trust (compare be- prefix). Obsolete. intransitive. To hope, to trust; to look forward to an event with hope or joy; to rejoice, exult. Also transitive and reflexive. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > expectation > hope > [verb (intransitive)] hightOE hope971 tristc1200 dreama1393 set1607 to have one's fingers crossed1895 the mind > emotion > pleasure > joy, gladness, or delight > rejoicing or exultation > rejoice or exult [verb (intransitive)] fainc888 blissc897 gladc950 hightOE spilea1000 make mirthc1225 playc1225 gladdena1300 to make joyc1300 joisec1320 joya1325 rejoyc1350 enjoyc1380 to be joyeda1382 mirtha1400 gloryc1400 rejoicec1405 enjoysec1470 triumph1535 exult1593 to take joya1616 gratify1811 tripudiate1891 kvell1940 OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: Matt. xii. 21 In nomine eius gentes sperabunt : in noma his hædna uel cynna hyhtað. OE Blickling Homilies 87 We to þinum hidercyme hopodan & hyhtan. OE Paris Psalter (1932) lxxxiii. 2 Heorte min and flæsc hyhtað georne on þone lifigendan leofan drihten. c1175 ( in A. O. Belfour 12th Cent. Homilies in MS Bodl. 343 (1909) 40 Þonne is þe hiht þæt he wislice hihte [OE Vercelli gehihte, Corpus Cambr. 198 hihte] ða ecen mede. c1275 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Calig.) (1935) 436 Ech wiht is glad formine þinge..& hiȝteþ [a1300 Jesus Oxf. hihteþ] aȝen mine kume. c1275 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Calig.) (1935) l. 532 (MED) Þanne ich am snel & pleie & singe & hiȝte [a1300 Jesus Oxf. hyhte] me mid mi skentinge. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2014; most recently modified version published online December 2020). † hightv.³ Forms: early Middle English huihten, Middle English heyghte, Middle English highte, Middle English hiȝte, Middle English hihte, Middle English hyȝt, Middle English hyhte; N.E.D. (1898) also records a form late Middle English hyght. Past tense: Middle English highte, Middle English hiȝte, Middle English hiȝted. Past participle: Middle English ihight, Middle English ihiȝt, Middle English ihiȝte, Middle English yhighted, Middle English yhiȝte, Middle English yyȝt, late Middle English hiht, 1600s highted. Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: hight n.¹ Etymology: Origin uncertain; perhaps (with an underlying sense ‘to make joyous or delightful’) < hight n.¹ Obsolete. transitive. To beautify, adorn, embellish (literal and figurative); to enhance, improve. Cf. hightle v. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautify [verb (transitive)] fairOE highta1200 embellishc1385 beautifyc1425 decore1490 beauty1495 embeauty1523 decorate1530 fashion1557 busk1573 gracify?1578 embrave1579 handsome1592 pulchrify1797 orchidize1872 lovelify1935 bellify- bellish- the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautify (the person) [verb (transitive)] highta1200 atiffe?c1225 tiff?c1225 wyndre?a1366 kembc1386 picka1393 prunec1395 tifta1400 varnishc1405 finea1425 tifflea1425 quaint1484 embuda1529 trick?1532 trick1545 dill1548 tricka1555 prink1573 smug1588 sponge1588 smudge1589 perk1590 primpc1590 sponge1592 tricksy1598 prime1616 sprug1622 briska1625 to sleek upa1625 trickify1678 prim1688 titivate1705 dandify1823 beflounce1824 befop1866 spry1878 lustrify1886 dude1899 doll1916 tart1938 youthify1945 pansy1946 spiv1947 dolly1958 zhuzh1970 a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 13 (MED) Ðese six werkes of brictnesse..sruðeð and huihted..elch þe hie doð. a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 71 We shule..noht mid faire worde hihten þo ateliche sinnes. a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 89 (MED) Þat burh folc hihten þe hege strete and bihengen it mid palmes. c1350 (a1333) William of Shoreham Poems (1902) 148 Swyþe fayr þyng hys þat wyte, And þer by-syde blok a lyte..Þe wyte þe uayrer hyt makeþ, And selue more hyt blakeþ, And al hyt hyȝt. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1879) VII. 455 By his studie and travaille þis storie is greetliche i-hiȝt [c1400 Tiber. y-yȝt]. ?c1400 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (BL Add. 10340) (1868) i. met. ii. l. 116 Þe lusty houres of þe fyrste somer sesoun þat hiȝteþ [?c1425 Cambr. Ii.3.21 hyhteth] and apparaileþ þe erþe wiþ rosene floures. c1450 (c1350) Alexander & Dindimus (Bodl.) (1929) 728 (MED) Þe hauter of he[r]cules alle ȝe hihten, And hit spreden wiþ spraius of springinge braunchus. 1633 T. Adams Comm. 2 Peter (iii. 12) 1355 His land shall be husbanded, his house highted, his garments brushed. 1658 J. Spencer Καινα και Παλαια 503 The vessels scowred, their Apparel brushed, their bodies adorned, all curiously highted, onely their hearts filthy and polluted. Derivatives highter n. an embellisher of something. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > [noun] > ornamentation or decoration > adorner or decorator flourishera1387 hightera1387 embellisher1479 garnisher?1518 adornera1522 trickerc1550 decker1555 decorator1755 a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 7 Faire florischers and hiȝteres of wordes and of metre. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2014; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.¹OEn.²OEn.³c1330adj.c1480v.¹eOEv.²OEv.³a1200
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† hightn.1

† hightn.2

hightn.3

† hightadj.

Derivatives

hightv.1

† hightv.2

† hightv.3

Derivatives

† hightn.¹

† hightn.²

hightn.³

hightv.¹

† hightv.²

† hightv.³