hippocampusn.

Brit.

/ˌhɪpə(ʊ)ˈkampəs/, U.S.

/ˌhɪpəˈkæmpəs/

Inflections: Plural hippocampi, hippocampuses.

Forms:

α. 1500s– hippocampus, 1600s hipocampus, 1600s hyppocampi (plural), 1600s– hippocampi (plural).

β. 1700s hippocampa, 1600s hippocampae (plural), 1700s hippocampa (plural).

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin hippocampus.

Etymology: < classical Latin hippocampus (also hippocampos) monster with horse's body and fish's tail, on which the sea-gods rode, small fish, seahorse, in post-classical Latin also denoting part of the brain ( J. C. Aranzi De humano foetu (1587)) < Hellenistic Greek ἱππόκαμπος monster with horse's body and fish's tail, on which the sea-gods rode, small fish, seahorse < ancient Greek ἱππο- hippo- comb. form + Hellenistic Greek κάμπος sea monster, of uncertain origin; perhaps a loanword.With sense 1 compare scientific Latin hippocampus (1758). With the β. forms compare post-classical Latin hippocampae, plural (1536 or earlier).

1. Ichthyology. Any of various fishes considered to have a head and neck resembling those of a horse; a seahorse, seadragon, or similar fish of the family Syngnathidae; esp. a seahorse of the genus Hippocampus. Also (in form Hippocampus): the genus itself.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > order Gasterosteiformes (sticklebacks) > [noun] > family Syngnathidae (pipe-fish) > Hippocampus (sea-horse)

hippocampus1576

seahorse1589

horse-fish1723

sea-beaver1755

1576 A. Fleming tr. J. Ravisius in Panoplie Epist. 353 The fishe called Hippocampus [L. Hippocampus], is a present and sovereigne remedie, against the byting of a madde dogge.

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica iii. xxiv. 170 That which the Ancients named Hippocampus is a little animall about six inches long, and not preferred beyond the classis of Insects.

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. xv. 346/2 It is near two cubites long: and the Snout much longer, then the Mettlen abovesaid, and like the Snout of an Hippocampus.

1740 R. Brookes Art of Angling (heading) lxxx. 202 Of the Hippocampus or seahorse.

1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth VI. 285 The Hippocampus, with an head somewhat like that of an horse.

1863 J. Sewell Christian Names II. 279 The quaint little horny hippocampus.

1880 G. A. Townsend Tales Chesapeake 158 Now hailed by monster conger-eels, now swimming down files of leering hippocampuses.

1906 Forest & Stream 11 Aug. 212/3 The species of Hippocampus are numerous (between 30 and 40).

1995 Behaviour 132 928 In the seahorse (Hippocampus)..the male is the parental sex carrying the young in a brood pouch.

2009 Monterey County (Calif.) Herald (Nexis) 7 Apr. The leafy sea dragon, with its plantlike appearance, was the coolest hippocampus in the exhibition.

2. A mythical creature with the head, neck, shoulders, and forelegs of a horse, and a body ending in the tail of a fish or dolphin. Also: a representation of this. Cf. hippocamp n., seahorse n. 2.In classical Greek and Roman art and literature, hippocampi are frequently described or depicted as pulling the chariot of, or being ridden by, the god Poseidon or Neptune, and other sea gods, nymphs, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > mythical creature or object > [noun] > horse-like marine creature

seahorse1587

hippocampus1606

hippocamp1616

hippodame1623

1606 W. Drummond Let. 3 Aug. in Wks. (1711) 232 Stately Pageants..that of Cheapside was of Neptune on a Hippocampus, with his Tritons & Næreides.

1662 J. Ogilby Entertainm. Charles II 94 In the Medaigles..is represented Neptune riding upon these Hippocampae, or seahorses.

1752 Ainsworth's Thes. Linguæ Latinæ (ed. 4) I. at Neptunus His chariot was drawn by Hippocampi, which were horses in their forepart, and in their hinder fishes.

1840 T. Hood Miss Kilmansegg iii, in New Monthly Mag. 60 402 Good Queen Bess, Who—hearty as a hippocampus—Broke her fast with ale and beef.

1895 J. Baldwin Horse Fair 122 The marble stalls wherein Poseidon kept his famous chariot horses, the Hippocampi.

1922 H. Wood Commemorative Coinage U.S. 33 Columbia, with caduceus in right hand, seated facing right on a hippocampus plunging to left through the sea.

1955 W. H. Auden Shield of Achilles 45 Her fleet by nine king swans is led,..And hippocampi follow in her wake.

2007 A. Marzano Rom. Villas Central Italy Catalogue 285 The mosaic depicts, in black and white tesserae.., a Nereid on a hippocampus.

3. Anatomy. Either of two structures in the brain.

a. A curved structure formed by infolding of the medial margin of the cerebral cortex, located in the floor of the inferior (temporal) horn of the lateral ventricle, and involved in diverse functional processes including memory and spatial orientation. Also †great hippocampus, †greater hippocampus, and (now historical) hippocampus major. [In great hippocampus, greater hippocampus after French grand hippocampe and scientific Latin hippocampus major (both in F. Vicq d'Azyr Traité d' anat. & physiol. (1786), the Latin compound as hypocampus major).]

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > nervous system > cerebrospinal axis > brain > parts of brain > [noun] > ventricles > parts of

hippocampus1695

ripa1881

1653 N. Culpeper tr. J. Vesling Anat. Body Man 60 Arantius gave the name of Hippocampus [L. hippocampi] or seahorse, and Silk-worm to them.]

1695 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 19 36 The Reason of the Hippocampi or Bombyces, being so called by Aurantius [sc. J. C. Aranzi], is here given.

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Hippocampa..in Anatomy. the Processes of Channels of the upper or foremost Ventricles of the Brain.

1798 A. Bell Anatomia Britannica III. 24/2 The cornua ammonis, or great hippocampi.

1863 Sat. Rev. 7 Nov. 606/2 A purely unscientific person..capable of going to his grave without the remotest notion whether he had a hippocampus or not, if Mr. Owen and Mr. Huxley had never discussed the subject.

1879 Jrnl. Anat. & Physiol. 12 162 The Hippocampus major may then drop the adjective, as well as its synonym of cornu ammonis.

1949 H. W. C. Vines Green's Man. Pathol. (ed. 17) xxxix. 1127 The cytoplasm of some of the damaged nerve-cells, particularly those of the hippocampus, may show the presence of the Negri inclusion bodies.

1989 B. Alberts et al. Molecular Biol. Cell (ed. 2) xix. 1132 Ocular dominance columns in a frog are altered by exposure to agonists or antagonists of the NMDA receptor, which is thought to play a part in memory in the adult hippocampus.

2012 C. Fernyhough Pieces of Light (2013) i. 17 Over the decades that it has been studied, the hippocampus has been implicated in psychological processes as diverse as memory, spatial navigation and anxiety.

b. In full †lesser hippocampus, †small hippocampus, hippocampus minor. A curved prominence on the medial wall of the posterior (occipital) horn of the lateral ventricle (now called the calcarine spur or calcar avis). Now historical and rare. [After French petit hippocampe and scientific Latin hippocampus minor (both in F. Vicq d'Azyr Traité d' anat. & physiol. (1786), the Latin word as hypocampus minor).]

ΚΠ

1798 A. Bell Anatomia Britannica III. 26/1 The small hippocampi.

1800 A. Fyfe Compend. Anat. Human Body for Use Students II. iv. 18 In each of the Posterior Cornua there is an Elongation, which terminates in a point, and is called Ergot by the French..; or Hippocampus Minor, from its similarity to, and connection with, the substance termed Hippocampus Major.

1809 C. Bell Anat. Human Body (U.S. ed.) III. iii. 54 The lesser hippocampus, or colliculus,..has the same relation to the fornix which the greater hippocampus has.

1825 Edinb. Med. & Surg. Jrnl. 23 102 The small hippocampus extending behind into the digital cavity or posterior horn.

1859 Leisure Hour 18 Aug. 535/1 It seems strange that we should have an Hippocampus in our own brains: there are portions in the centre of that delicate structure which are called ‘the greater and lesser hippocampus’.

1903 P. C. Mitchell tr. E. Metchnikoff Nature of Man iii. 44 Such are the posterior lobe, the posterior cornu, and the lesser hippocampus.

2013 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 110 10365/2 The third and most important difference was that only humans have a hippocampus minor.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	hippocampus
释义	hippocampusn. Brit. /ˌhɪpə(ʊ)ˈkampəs/, U.S. /ˌhɪpəˈkæmpəs/ Inflections: Plural hippocampi, hippocampuses. Forms: α. 1500s– hippocampus, 1600s hipocampus, 1600s hyppocampi (plural), 1600s– hippocampi (plural). β. 1700s hippocampa, 1600s hippocampae (plural), 1700s hippocampa (plural). Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin hippocampus. Etymology: < classical Latin hippocampus (also hippocampos) monster with horse's body and fish's tail, on which the sea-gods rode, small fish, seahorse, in post-classical Latin also denoting part of the brain ( J. C. Aranzi De humano foetu (1587)) < Hellenistic Greek ἱππόκαμπος monster with horse's body and fish's tail, on which the sea-gods rode, small fish, seahorse < ancient Greek ἱππο- hippo- comb. form + Hellenistic Greek κάμπος sea monster, of uncertain origin; perhaps a loanword.With sense 1 compare scientific Latin hippocampus (1758). With the β. forms compare post-classical Latin hippocampae, plural (1536 or earlier). 1. Ichthyology. Any of various fishes considered to have a head and neck resembling those of a horse; a seahorse, seadragon, or similar fish of the family Syngnathidae; esp. a seahorse of the genus Hippocampus. Also (in form Hippocampus): the genus itself. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > order Gasterosteiformes (sticklebacks) > [noun] > family Syngnathidae (pipe-fish) > Hippocampus (sea-horse) hippocampus1576 seahorse1589 horse-fish1723 sea-beaver1755 1576 A. Fleming tr. J. Ravisius in Panoplie Epist. 353 The fishe called Hippocampus [L. Hippocampus], is a present and sovereigne remedie, against the byting of a madde dogge. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica iii. xxiv. 170 That which the Ancients named Hippocampus is a little animall about six inches long, and not preferred beyond the classis of Insects. View more context for this quotation 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. xv. 346/2 It is near two cubites long: and the Snout much longer, then the Mettlen abovesaid, and like the Snout of an Hippocampus. 1740 R. Brookes Art of Angling (heading) lxxx. 202 Of the Hippocampus or seahorse. 1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth VI. 285 The Hippocampus, with an head somewhat like that of an horse. 1863 J. Sewell Christian Names II. 279 The quaint little horny hippocampus. 1880 G. A. Townsend Tales Chesapeake 158 Now hailed by monster conger-eels, now swimming down files of leering hippocampuses. 1906 Forest & Stream 11 Aug. 212/3 The species of Hippocampus are numerous (between 30 and 40). 1995 Behaviour 132 928 In the seahorse (Hippocampus)..the male is the parental sex carrying the young in a brood pouch. 2009 Monterey County (Calif.) Herald (Nexis) 7 Apr. The leafy sea dragon, with its plantlike appearance, was the coolest hippocampus in the exhibition. 2. A mythical creature with the head, neck, shoulders, and forelegs of a horse, and a body ending in the tail of a fish or dolphin. Also: a representation of this. Cf. hippocamp n., seahorse n. 2.In classical Greek and Roman art and literature, hippocampi are frequently described or depicted as pulling the chariot of, or being ridden by, the god Poseidon or Neptune, and other sea gods, nymphs, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > mythical creature or object > [noun] > horse-like marine creature seahorse1587 hippocampus1606 hippocamp1616 hippodame1623 1606 W. Drummond Let. 3 Aug. in Wks. (1711) 232 Stately Pageants..that of Cheapside was of Neptune on a Hippocampus, with his Tritons & Næreides. 1662 J. Ogilby Entertainm. Charles II 94 In the Medaigles..is represented Neptune riding upon these Hippocampae, or seahorses. 1752 Ainsworth's Thes. Linguæ Latinæ (ed. 4) I. at Neptunus His chariot was drawn by Hippocampi, which were horses in their forepart, and in their hinder fishes. 1840 T. Hood Miss Kilmansegg iii, in New Monthly Mag. 60 402 Good Queen Bess, Who—hearty as a hippocampus—Broke her fast with ale and beef. 1895 J. Baldwin Horse Fair 122 The marble stalls wherein Poseidon kept his famous chariot horses, the Hippocampi. 1922 H. Wood Commemorative Coinage U.S. 33 Columbia, with caduceus in right hand, seated facing right on a hippocampus plunging to left through the sea. 1955 W. H. Auden Shield of Achilles 45 Her fleet by nine king swans is led,..And hippocampi follow in her wake. 2007 A. Marzano Rom. Villas Central Italy Catalogue 285 The mosaic depicts, in black and white tesserae.., a Nereid on a hippocampus. 3. Anatomy. Either of two structures in the brain. a. A curved structure formed by infolding of the medial margin of the cerebral cortex, located in the floor of the inferior (temporal) horn of the lateral ventricle, and involved in diverse functional processes including memory and spatial orientation. Also †great hippocampus, †greater hippocampus, and (now historical) hippocampus major. [In great hippocampus, greater hippocampus after French grand hippocampe and scientific Latin hippocampus major (both in F. Vicq d'Azyr Traité d' anat. & physiol. (1786), the Latin compound as hypocampus major).] ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > nervous system > cerebrospinal axis > brain > parts of brain > [noun] > ventricles > parts of hippocampus1695 ripa1881 1653 N. Culpeper tr. J. Vesling Anat. Body Man 60 Arantius gave the name of Hippocampus [L. hippocampi] or seahorse, and Silk-worm to them.] 1695 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 19 36 The Reason of the Hippocampi or Bombyces, being so called by Aurantius [sc. J. C. Aranzi], is here given. 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Hippocampa..in Anatomy. the Processes of Channels of the upper or foremost Ventricles of the Brain. 1798 A. Bell Anatomia Britannica III. 24/2 The cornua ammonis, or great hippocampi. 1863 Sat. Rev. 7 Nov. 606/2 A purely unscientific person..capable of going to his grave without the remotest notion whether he had a hippocampus or not, if Mr. Owen and Mr. Huxley had never discussed the subject. 1879 Jrnl. Anat. & Physiol. 12 162 The Hippocampus major may then drop the adjective, as well as its synonym of cornu ammonis. 1949 H. W. C. Vines Green's Man. Pathol. (ed. 17) xxxix. 1127 The cytoplasm of some of the damaged nerve-cells, particularly those of the hippocampus, may show the presence of the Negri inclusion bodies. 1989 B. Alberts et al. Molecular Biol. Cell (ed. 2) xix. 1132 Ocular dominance columns in a frog are altered by exposure to agonists or antagonists of the NMDA receptor, which is thought to play a part in memory in the adult hippocampus. 2012 C. Fernyhough Pieces of Light (2013) i. 17 Over the decades that it has been studied, the hippocampus has been implicated in psychological processes as diverse as memory, spatial navigation and anxiety. b. In full †lesser hippocampus, †small hippocampus, hippocampus minor. A curved prominence on the medial wall of the posterior (occipital) horn of the lateral ventricle (now called the calcarine spur or calcar avis). Now historical and rare. [After French petit hippocampe and scientific Latin hippocampus minor (both in F. Vicq d'Azyr Traité d' anat. & physiol. (1786), the Latin word as hypocampus minor).] ΚΠ 1798 A. Bell Anatomia Britannica III. 26/1 The small hippocampi. 1800 A. Fyfe Compend. Anat. Human Body for Use Students II. iv. 18 In each of the Posterior Cornua there is an Elongation, which terminates in a point, and is called Ergot by the French..; or Hippocampus Minor, from its similarity to, and connection with, the substance termed Hippocampus Major. 1809 C. Bell Anat. Human Body (U.S. ed.) III. iii. 54 The lesser hippocampus, or colliculus,..has the same relation to the fornix which the greater hippocampus has. 1825 Edinb. Med. & Surg. Jrnl. 23 102 The small hippocampus extending behind into the digital cavity or posterior horn. 1859 Leisure Hour 18 Aug. 535/1 It seems strange that we should have an Hippocampus in our own brains: there are portions in the centre of that delicate structure which are called ‘the greater and lesser hippocampus’. 1903 P. C. Mitchell tr. E. Metchnikoff Nature of Man iii. 44 Such are the posterior lobe, the posterior cornu, and the lesser hippocampus. 2013 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 110 10365/2 The third and most important difference was that only humans have a hippocampus minor. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1576
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